CN1221494C - 专用肥 - Google Patents
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- CN1221494C CN1221494C CN 02123732 CN02123732A CN1221494C CN 1221494 C CN1221494 C CN 1221494C CN 02123732 CN02123732 CN 02123732 CN 02123732 A CN02123732 A CN 02123732A CN 1221494 C CN1221494 C CN 1221494C
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 rare earth nitrate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[SH-] HIVLDXAAFGCOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000019025 Hypokalemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000007645 potassium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种高效专用肥,除含有N、P、K外,还有Zn、Mn、Fe、B等微量元素,并同时添加了活性物质稀土、麦饭石。本发明的高效专用肥主要组成的重量配比为:N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Zn∶Mn∶Fe∶B∶稀土∶麦饭石=1∶0.3~0.5∶0.4~0.6∶0.02~0.03∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02∶0.005~0.01∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02。本发明高效专用肥可采用通用的混合造粒法制得。该专用肥能平衡稳定地供给作物各种养分需求,增产幅度大,改善产品品质,并且专用肥制造工艺简单,原料养分损耗小,原料来源充足,极易推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种专用肥,特别是以氮、磷、钾为主要元素并添加微量元素及活性物质组成的专用肥料。
背景技术
近二十年来,国内外在肥料的种类上,已由单一养分的氮肥、磷肥、转向含有氮、磷、钾及锌、铜、钼等微量元素多种营养元素综合在一起的复合、混合肥料。并且近几年来,这种“通用型”固定配方的产品又更新换代,开发出和当地的粮食、蔬菜、果树等不同品种的作物与不同的土壤相结合的专用肥。例如:CN1068808A公开了一种高效双氨多元肥的配制方法;CN1068301C公开了一种活性叶面肥的配制方法,组成成分:大量元素氮、磷、钾、镁中至少一种2~20%、微量元素锌、铜、钼等中至少一种0.01~20%,麦饭石浸提液60~90%;CN1084151A公开了一种果树叶面肥,该叶面肥主要由氮、磷、钾、微量元素与麦饭石组成,不含农用硝酸稀土;CN1055170A公开了一种高效完全型蔬菜专用肥的配制方法,该肥料适合缺钾或少钾地区,钾含量高;CN1203902A公开了一种长效全元复混肥料;中国农业科学院研制的新型高效多元复合系列专用肥料使用型好,主要原料;一是有机质部分(矿物副料,有机物料),二是无机矿质元素(大量、中量、微量),低温造粒;该专用肥比习惯施肥或单一化肥一般增产20%左右。上述专利或者没有涉及活性物质农用硝酸稀土与麦饭石同时添加,或者只添加活性物质麦饭石,没有使用农用硝酸稀土;2001年9月公布的中国专利申请(申请号01131463.X)虽同时涉及活性物质农用硝酸稀土与麦饭石,但由于其只限于施用于农作物小麦,因此在配方的比例上,氮、磷、钾三要素中磷含量较高,同时由于小麦对微量元素锰比较敏感,小麦肥料中锰的添加量也高,而锌含量低。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种高效专用肥料,能适应不同土壤和不同作物对营养元素的不同需求,尤其适合农作物玉米的生长发育。
为实现上述目的,本发明的高效专用肥除含有N、P、K外,还有Zn、Mn、Fe、B等微量元素,并同时添加了活性物质稀土、麦饭石。本发明的高效专用肥组成包括N、P2O5、K2O、Zn、Mn、Fe、B、稀土、麦饭石,其重量配比为:N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Zn∶Mn∶Fe∶B∶稀土∶麦饭石=1∶0.3~0.5∶0.4~0.6∶0.02~0.03∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02∶0.005~0.01∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02。
其中:N元素可以由尿素、硫铵提供;P元素可以由磷酸二铵、过磷酸钙(即普钙)等提供;K元素可以由氯化钾、硫酸钾等提供;Zn、Mn、Fe、B可以分别由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸亚铁、硼砂等提供,活性物质可以分别由硝酸稀土与麦饭石提供。
本发明高效专用肥可采用通用的混合造粒法制得。经过原料选择,确定各元素的比例,计算各原料的重量,粉碎、氨化、混合、造粒、质量检测、包装等工艺流程,获得本发明高效专用肥。
本发明高效专用肥除含有保证各种农作物生长所需的N、P、K及微量元素外,还有活性物质硝酸稀土、麦饭石等,大量试验证明:稀土元素能激发种子萌发,促进发芽生根以及植株的生长发育,提高根系活力,促进作物对营养元素的吸收和转化,增强植物的光合作用和某些酶的生物活性,增加产量,改善产品品质。本发明通过田间实验、统计分析,筛选出最佳配方和配方比例,能平衡稳定地供给作物各种养分需求。据实验:在甘肃省境内农作物玉米施用高效专用肥后,增产幅度大,亩产达600Kg以上。玉米增产较传统施肥提高20%以上,增加经济效益80元/亩。此外,本发明高效专用肥制造工艺简单,原料养分损耗小,原料来源充足,极易推广。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1、原料选择:原料中水分小于8%;2、确定各元素的配制比例及N的重量。配制比例:N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Zn∶Mn∶Fe∶B∶稀土∶麦饭石=1∶0.3∶0.4∶0.02∶0.01∶0.01∶0.005∶0.01∶0.01,N的重量100Kg;3、按照原料的含量计算各原料的用量;46%的尿素217Kg、P2O5 46%的磷酸二铵65Kg:K2O50%的氯化钾80Kg、Zn22%的硫酸锌9Kg、Mn23.5%的硫酸锰4.2Kg、Fe20%的硫酸亚铁5Kg、B12%的硼砂4.2Kg、活性物质农用硝酸稀土40%(RE2O3)2.5Kg、麦饭石1Kg;4、粉碎;把上述称重后的各原料进行粉碎,其粒度小于8目;5、混合、将粉碎的原料通过搅拌机混合均匀;7、造粒;8、施用后玉米增产20%以上。
实施例2:
1、原料选择:原料中水分小于8%;2、确定各元素的配制比例及N的重量。配制比例:N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Zn∶Mn∶Fe∶B∶稀土∶麦饭石=1∶0.5∶0.6∶0.03∶0.02∶0.02∶0.01∶0.02∶0.02;N的重量100Kg;3、按照原料的含量计算各原料的用量;46%的尿素126Kg、N21%的硫铵200Kg、P2O5 46%的磷酸二铵80Kg、P2O5 16%的普钙83Kg:K2O50%的硫酸钾120Kg、Zn22%的硫酸锌13.6Kg、Mn23.5%的硫酸锰8.5Kg、Fe20%的硫酸亚铁10Kg、B12%的硼砂8.3Kg、活性物质农用硝酸稀土40%(RE2O3)5Kg:麦饭石2Kg,其余同实施例一。施用后玉米亩产达600Kg,与本地传统施肥相比,增产幅度达20%以上。
Claims (6)
1.一种专用肥,组成包括N、P2O5、K2O、Zn、Mn、Fe、B、稀土、麦饭石,其重量配比为:N∶P2O5∶K2O∶Zn∶Mn∶Fe∶B∶稀土∶麦饭石=1∶03~0.5∶0.4~0.6∶0.02~0.03∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02∶0.005~0.01∶0.01~0.02∶0.01~0.02。
2.根据权利要求1所述的专用肥,其特征在于稀土为农用硝酸稀土。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的专用肥,其特征在于N由尿素、硫铵提供。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的专用肥,其特征在于P由磷酸二铵、普钙提供。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的专用肥,其特征在于Fe由硫酸亚铁提供。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的专用肥,其特征在于B由硼砂提供。
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CN103351203A (zh) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-10-16 | 翼城县菁铧农林牧综合开发有限责任公司 | 玉米专用肥 |
CN104478513A (zh) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-01 | 苏州市吴中区光福香雪苗圃 | 一种土壤调整肥料 |
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