CN1219416C - Water heater with proportional band temp. control for improved thermal efficiency - Google Patents
Water heater with proportional band temp. control for improved thermal efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219416C CN1219416C CN 98808281 CN98808281A CN1219416C CN 1219416 C CN1219416 C CN 1219416C CN 98808281 CN98808281 CN 98808281 CN 98808281 A CN98808281 A CN 98808281A CN 1219416 C CN1219416 C CN 1219416C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0202—Switches
- H05B1/0213—Switches using bimetallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
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- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
A water heater having a water tank and a electric resistance heating element (125) extending into the water tank for heating water in the tank. The water heater includes a proportional band temperature controller (100) for conducting electric power to the electric resistance heating element (125) in bursts. Each burst of electric power is followed by a period during which the temperature controller does not conduct power to the electric resistance heating element (125). In one embodiment, each burst of electrical power lasts for about 95 % or less of a cycle comprised of one burst of electric power followed by the period during which the temperature controller (100) does not conduct electric power.
Description
Invention field
Relate generally to electric heater of the present invention.The present invention be more particularly directed to be used in the improving one's methods and installing of this water heater to the water heating.More particularly, the present invention relates to power supply is added to method and apparatus on the stratie in a kind of mode of the efficiency of heating surface that can improve the heating element in the water heater.
The explanation here is about pot-type boiler, and wherein, water is heated by stratie.This explanation and improvement of the present invention usually can be applied on the water heater that adopts stratie.
Background of invention
Water heater considered here generally comprises the vertically arranged cylindrical water tank of fixing sealing, with water tank coaxial and radially with the isolated cylinder blanket of water tank, so that between tank outer wall and outer casing inner wall, form an annular space, also be included in the heat-insulating material at least a portion of annular space, be used to provide thermal insulation water tank.The polymeric foam that directly expands in annular space is a kind of effective heat-insulating material.Especially, the polyalcohol and the isocyanate reaction thing that have blowing agent react the appropriate location in annular space usually, to form polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam extends to accessibility space easily, and promptly is frozen into a firm airtight cell foam heat-insulating material.In annular space, provide the device of the foam that is used to hold expansion, for example foam baffle.
Water tank has various annexes, for example enters the mouth, outlet and drainage fitting.Especially, water tank has water heating and temperature control equipment.For electric heater, hot-water heating system generally comprises stratie.The accessory that heating element passes in the water tank wall extends in the water tank, so that this stratie is in water tank inside, and the device that connects stratie and power supply is in the water tank outside.
The temperature control equipment of electric heater generally comprises mechanical thermostat, when the water temperature in sensing water tank is lower than selected set-point temperature, this mechanical thermostat console switch makes power supply be added on the stratie, and when the water temperature in the water tank is in or be higher than this set-point temperature, operate the power supply that this switch cuts off stratie.Adopt such temperature control equipment, the power supply by stratie or fully conducting, by whole electric currents, or end fully.
Usually be used in mechanical thermostat on the water heater and comprise the bi-metal plate that is installed as with the contacted metal of outer wall of water tank, be used for the water temperature of sensing water tank.This bi-metal plate is flat when lower than set-point temperature.Yet when the temperature of set-point, bi-metal plate becomes protruding top shape rapidly, and keeps this shape, is cooled to be lower than the temperature of set-point up to it.Be lower than the temperature of set-point, bi-metal plate is converted back into flat position rapidly.The mechanical hysteresis of bi-metal plate makes this dish change back to the temperature of flat position rapidly than the rapid set-point temperature much lower (5 to 10 ℃) that becomes protruding top shape of bi-metal plate.Bi-metal plate passes through the electric insulation push rod and links to each other attached to the electric switch in the phenolic resins outer cover on the tank outer wall.Electric switch is in the electric wire that connects stratie and power supply.
With a threaded stud be installed in the contacted outer cover of bi-metal plate in, be used for the tension force (tension) on the manual adjustments bi-metal plate, become position, protruding top rapidly from flat position so that bi-metal plate can be adjusted in required set-point temperature.
When bi-metal plate senses low water temperature and this dish when being in flat position, the closed electric switch of push rod makes power supply be added on the stratie, thus the water in the heating water tank.When the water heating, bi-metal plate becomes protruding top shape rapidly in the set-point temperature, and then push rod disconnects electronic switch, cuts off the power supply of stratie.Electronic switch keep to disconnect, and power supply is cut off, and the water-cooled in water tank is to being enough to make bi-metal plate change back to flat position, yet closed electric switch makes power supply be added on the stratie.Power supply or complete conducting, or end fully.
Because the variation in the mill and the hysteresis of bi-metal plate, bi-metal plate becomes the variations in temperature of position, protruding top up to 14 ℃ from flat position.Can tension force be added on the bi-metal plate with threaded stud, be used to regulate making bi-metal plate become the set-point temperature of position, protruding top rapidly from flat position.Threaded stud is not calibrated, and comes tension force is regulated by repetition test, to realize making bi-metal plate in a selected set-point temperature action.Adopt the mechanical temperature control of bi-metal plate thermocouple usually " to overregulate " desirable set-point temperature, make that stratie continues the water in the water tank is heated to above desirable set-point temperature.
Above-mentioned mechanical temperature control device and stratie contact with the outer wall of water tank, and extend in the annular space between tank outer wall and the shell.These parts must be accessible when safeguarding.One or more openings on shell wall provide the path of temperature control equipment and stratie.Provide baffle arrangement in each around openings, be used to protect temperature control equipment and stratie, it is not contacted with heat insulation foam, and prevented that foam from spilling annular space by the opening on the shell wall.
Electric heater has safety means.High temperature safe is installed on power line cuts off switch, the temperature in water tank rises to the power supply that cuts off stratie when being higher than margin of safety.And water tank has a high temperature safe valve, opens in boiling point (100 ℃) time of about water, is used for preventing that the pressure of the water tank that caused by boiling water from increasing.
Summary of the invention
According to the present invention, by with short pulse or burst transmission electric energy, the power supply to the stratie of water heater on a sizable part of water heat cycles is modulated.Modulation power source has improved the efficiency of heating surface of the water in the heating water heater.Make will waiting water gaging to be heated to a selected temperature to the stratie electric energy transmitting of water heater with short pulse or pulse train, and use quite few electric energy to add hot water with the roughly the same speed of mechanical temperature controller of the prior art.In typical dwelling house equipment, be used to heat and the electric heater that stores water usually is the single power consumption electrical equipment of maximum.Therefore, adopt quite few electric energy to add hot water and then saved sizable energy and cost.
A kind of preferred mode that is modulated to the power supply of stratie with burst is an employing ratio section temperature controller.Ratio section temperature controller is a kind of electronic equipment, the water temperature in the water tank of its sense heat hydrophone, and control to the electric energy of stratie with the speed of the difference that depends on water temperature and selected set-point temperature.The power supply of ratio section temperature controller by providing power supply to be modulated to stratie circularly, each circulation are included in electric energy transmitting in the burst, follow a not short time period of electric energy transmitting then.When the difference of water temperature in the water tank and set-point temperature is very big, compare with time period of electric energy transmitting not, the time period of electric energy transmitting is longer in each circulation.Along with the approaching selected set-point of water temperature temperature, the time period that then offers the electric energy of stratie in each circulation becomes shorter and shorter.Can regulate the time period of each circulation, be generally less than 1 second.And, a cycle period, along with water temperature near the set-point temperature, the time period of each electric pulse string generally drops to about 50% from about 95% of cycle period.
When water temperature reached the set-point temperature, ratio section temperature controller stopped fully to the stratie electric energy transmitting.Then, when water temperature is brought down below the set-point temperature, ratio section temperature controller once more in the circulation of burst to the stratie electric energy transmitting.
Ratio section temperature controller efficient is very high, has very little electric energy loss, and accurately stops electric energy transmitting when water temperature reaches the set-point temperature.In addition, compare with the mechanical temperature controller of prior art, ratio section temperature controller is being made and is being installed and all compare cheaply.And, the annex such as indicator light, audio alarm and temperature indicator easily can be connected on the ratio section temperature controller, be used to improve the operation and the convenience of the water heater that is connected.
By following detailed specification, claim and accompanying drawing, other features and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious for those of ordinary skills.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of water heater, has shown the structure with respect to the temperature controller of the present invention of the miscellaneous part of water heater;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of preferred temperature controller of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the figure that the energy of the mechanical temperature controller of prior art and ratio section temperature controller of the present invention uses data; And
Fig. 4 is the figure of the energy consumption of the mechanical temperature controller of prior art and ratio section temperature controller of the present invention than data.
Before describing one embodiment of the present of invention in detail, should be appreciated that, the present invention be not limited in its application in stated in the following explanation or accompanying drawing in shown detailed structure and the arrangement or the step of parts.The present invention can have other embodiment, and can put into practice and realize in various other modes.And, should be appreciated that used wording and term are for illustrative purposes, and it should be considered as limiting here.
The most preferred embodiment explanation
As mentioned above, usage ratio zone temperatures controling appliance has beyond thought advantage in having the water heater of stratie, promptly, water in the water heater is being heated to previously selected set-point temperature, than the electric energy that consumes under the situation that in the same water heater of the mechanical temperature controller that uses prior art, the water of equivalent weight is heated to same set-point temperature still less.
Ratio section temperature controller is such electronic equipment, and it comprises water temperature sensor device (thermistor), temperature set points equipment (variable resistance), be used for that power supply switched to the grid thyristor of stratie and in response to the logical circuit of controlling thyristor from the signal of water temperature sensor device and temperature set points equipment.Logical circuit receives the voltage input that shows the difference between water temperature and the set-point temperature from water temperature sensor device and temperature set points equipment.Logical circuit sends signal in response to the voltage input from water temperature sensor device and temperature set points equipment to the grid thyristor.Under the situation of the big temperature difference between water temperature sensor device and the temperature set points equipment, logical circuit notice grid thyristor is in most of each circulation of alternating current, conduction during about 94%, and notice grid thyristor exchanges about 6% of circulation at each and stops conduction.Along with dwindling of the temperature difference between water and set-point, water temperature enters a proportional control section, and at the proportional control section, logical circuit begins the grid thyristor is applied more control, is provided to the electric energy of stratie with restriction.Along with water temperature enters this proportional control section, logical circuit is set up a new Control Circulation time period, and the notice thyristor stops conduction at 85% electric energy transmitting of each circulation in 15% of each circulation.Along with water temperature more near the set-point temperature, logical circuit notice thyristor is in the still less time period of each circulation conduction.When water temperature reached the set-point temperature, logical circuit was closed thyristor, and electric energy no longer offers stratie, dropped to once more below the temperature of set-point up to water temperature.In order to prevent the excessive circulation about the set-point temperature, logical circuit is set to need water temperature to be brought down below 5 ℃ to 10 ℃ of set-point temperature before notifying the thyristor electric energy transmitting once more and water is heated to the set-point temperature.
The raising of the efficiency of heating surface of the water in the water heater of employing ratio section temperature controller is not understood fully.In theory, all electric energy that offer stratie basically all will be converted into heat energy, and this heat energy will be delivered to the water round stratie.The electric energy of equivalent will wait the water of weight to be heated to equal temperature.Shown in following Example, to compare with the same water heater of mechanical temperature controller with prior art, the water heater with ratio section temperature controller needs about electric energy of 10% less that one case water is heated to selected set-point temperature.Ratio section temperature controller water is heated to the set-point temperature and the precision of the raising of almost not overregulating is some reasons that it improves than the efficient of mechanical temperature controller, but be not whole reasons.
Though do not wish to be restricted, I think that the raising of the efficiency of heating surface is owing to influence the physical condition of the transmission of heat energy from the stratie to water in the water tank when the ratio of employing section temperature controller.Ratio section temperature controller follows the form of nonconducting short time period to give stratie with conduct electrical energy with the burst back, the water in water tank reaches selected set-point temperature.Ratio section temperature controller accurately stops to the stratie electric energy transmitting when water temperature reaches the set-point temperature.On the other hand, the mechanical temperature controller of prior art is given stratie with conduct electrical energy continuously with whole power when water is heated.When water reached the set-point temperature, the mechanical property of bimetallic thermocouple may make and stop conduct electrical energy being overregulated to mechanical temperature controller before the stratie and water being heated to a temperature that is higher than the set-point temperature at it.
The stratie that in the family expenses water heater, uses in several seconds with heat to the 426 ℃ temperature in 482 ℃ of scopes.Evaporate with so contacted water of thermal resistance heating element, form one deck steam, reduced the heat transmission from the stratie to water round stratie.Under the situation that adopts the mechanical temperature controller, stratie is heated like this, and remains on high temperature always, cuts off the electricity supply up to bimetallic thermocouple.Come the superfluous heat energy of the stratie of free mechanical temperature controller control may be radiated on the water tank wall, perhaps may be transported to the top of water tank by steam, here superfluous heat energy is absorbed in the top layer away from the water of temperature sensing bimetallic thermocouple.
Under the situation of the ratio of employing section temperature controller, stratie is heated during each burst of power supply, and the time between burst is cooled by contacting with water.Stratie this cooling between each burst of power supply has reduced the temperature that stratie improved, and has reduced the gathering of the steam around the stratie of heat.Therefore, the heat transmission from the stratie to water is enhanced.With discrete burst electric energy is offered stratie in the water heater, wherein and then time period of a power-off of each burst back, improved the efficient that the heat from the stratie to water is transmitted in the water heater.
Ratio section temperature controller is known, and is widely used in many commercial application, comprises the water temperature in the electrical equipment of control such as coffee maker.So far as I know, ratio section temperature controller also is not used to control the temperature of the big water gaging in the water heater.
Fig. 1 has shown the cutaway view of water heater 10, water heater 10 comprise fixing sealing water tank 11, around the shell 12 of water tank 11 and be filled in water tank 11 and shell 12 between the foam-thermal insulation of annular space.Entry pipeline or dip tube 14 insert the top of water tank 11, are used for adding cold water near the bottom of water tank 11.Water outlet pipeline 15 passes water tank 11, is used for emitting hot water near the top of water tank 11.Stratie 16 passes the outer wall of water tank 11.Ratio section control circuit in the control box 17 is connected to stratie 16.Thermistor 18 contacts with the outer wall of water tank 11, is used for the water temperature of sensing water tank 11, and this thermistor 18 links to each other with logical circuit by electric wire 19.AC power is offered the grid thyristor by line 20.The customizable operation-interface 30 that is installed in the water heater outside communicates with control box 17, and the safeguard protection path (access) to the control of heating element is provided.Operation-interface can be used for providing the direct or Long-distance Control to heating element.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to a preferred proportion zone temperatures control circuit 100 of the heating of the water that is used for water heater of method of the present invention.In Fig. 2, stratie 125 is heating elements of 4,500 watts, is used for the water of heating water heater.Temperature set points equipment 101 is variable resistances, is used in about 32 ℃ to 82 ℃ scopes temperature set points being set.Thermistor 102 is used for the water temperature of sense heat hydrophone.In another embodiment, a plurality of thermistors can be placed, with the water temperature of a plurality of positions of sensing in water tank.The output of thermistor can be by on average.
By Zener diode 107 and resistor 109 from line 106 to line 110 approximately-8 volts stabilized supply voltages offer ratio section temperature-control circuit.Pressure drop by temperature set points equipment 101 and temperature sensor 102 produces a signal voltage at point 111.The temperature difference between signal voltage and set-point temperature and the water temperature that senses is proportional.The voltage that senses is outputed on the pin of the voltage comparator 113 in the logic chip 104 by line 112.Produce a reference voltage at point 116, its amplitude is determined by the pressure drop by resistor 114 and 115.To be applied on the reference voltage by the sawtooth voltage that the sawtooth generator in the logic chip 104 118 produces at point 119.Pass to second pin of voltage comparator 113 by line 117 by the reference voltage of sawtooth voltage modification.
Being added in sawtooth voltage on the reference voltage makes the voltage at second pin of voltage comparator 113 change from the minimum to the maximum with the sawtooth waveforms form in about 0.85 second circulation.In voltage comparator 113, the signal voltage of first pin and the modification reference voltage of second pin are compared.Comparative result is exported to logical circuit 121 by line 120.In logical circuit 121, produce one by signal line 122, amplifier 123 and line 124, that be used to control thyristor 103.When the signal voltage of first pin of comparator 113 during, the signal conduction of thyristor 103, and make, be used for the water of heating water tank to stratie 125 electric energy transmittings greater than the maximum of the reference voltage of second pin of comparator 113.Logic chip 104 is arranged to the signal that makes in the line 124 makes 96% conduction of thyristor 103, stop conduction in 4% of each current cycle in each alternating current circulation.
Along with by the water temperature of temperature sensor 102 sensings near the set-point temperature of on set-point temperature device 101, selecting, the signal voltage of first pin of voltage comparator 113 will be reduced to a peaked value less than the reference voltage of second pin of voltage comparator 113.When signal voltage was in scope between the mean value of the maximum of reference voltage and reference voltage, temperature-control circuit 100 was in the ratio section control range.So, when signal voltage during, logical circuit 121 notice amplifiers 123 greater than reference voltage value at second pin of voltage comparator, with notice thyristor 103 with conduct electrical energy to stratie 125.Then, along with sawtooth voltage makes the reference voltage of second pin of voltage comparator increase to a value greater than the signal voltage value of first pin of voltage comparator, logical circuit 121 notice amplifiers 123 stop to give stratie 125 with conduct electrical energy with notice thyristor 103.Along with the signal voltage of first pin of the voltage comparator mean value near the reference voltage of second pin of voltage comparator 113, thyristor 103 is conducting on the larger proportion of each circulation of the sawtooth voltage that is produced not.When the water temperature by temperature sensor 102 sensings equals the set-point temperature of temperature set points equipment 101, then equal average reference voltage value at the signal voltage of first pin of voltage comparator 113 at second pin of voltage comparator 113, and logical circuit 121 notice amplifiers 123 cut out thyristor 103, are cut to the power supply of stratie 125.Thyristor 103 remains on nonconducting state, and up to a predetermined amount of being reduced to by the water temperature of temperature sensor 102 sensings under the temperature of set-point, this will be described below.
The reference voltage of second pin of the signal voltage of first pin of voltage comparator 113 and voltage comparator 113 must have makes logical circuit 121 produce a value to the signal of amplifier 123, and this amplifier 123 will suitably be controlled thyristor 103 and water is heated to temperature required.Temperature set points equipment 101 is variable resistances, and its resistance can be used to change the set-point temperature by manual adjustments.Temperature sensor 102 is thermistors, and its resistance reduces along with the rising of the water temperature that senses.Select the value of resistor 126 and 127 so that the signal voltage of invocation point 111 will and set-point temperature and the water temperature that senses between the temperature difference proportional.Point 116 reference voltage determined by the value of resistor 114 and 115, and the amplitude that is added in the sawtooth voltage on 119 reference voltages a little is definite by the value of resistor 128 and 129.Must regulate the value of these resistors, to be adapted to the characteristic of specified temp set-point equipment 101, temperature sensor 102 and logic chip 104 that ratio section temperature-control circuit 100 selects.
As mentioned above, in ratio section temperature-control circuit 100, include photoelectrical coupler 108, be used for when the water temperature that senses approximately is in the set-point temperature, preventing the excessive circulation of thyristor 103.When the water temperature that senses equaled the set-point temperature, logical circuit 121 notice amplifiers 123 stopped to stratie 125 electric energy transmittings by thyristor 103.Under the situation that does not have photoelectrical coupler 108, when the water temperature that senses drop to the very little amount of set-point temperature that is lower than, during for example less than 1 ℃, logical circuit 121 will notify amplifier 123 to open thyristor 103, to stratie 125 electric energy transmittings, be heated to the set-point temperature once more up to the water temperature that senses.This behavior has caused conducting promptly and has ended thyristor 103, so that the water temperature that senses is controlled to be as much as possible near the set-point water temperature.
In another embodiment, temperature-control circuit 100 can comprise real-time clock able to programme, can be the Control Circulation of heating element with peak value or off peak energy required time section or clear operation cycle programming wherein.In addition, can also increase pressure transducer, temperature sensor, mineral reserve transducer and/or be used to detect the transducer of the existence of water.Control circuit can be programmed, so that deenergization is to the connection of water heater and/or heating element when detecting predetermined condition or restriction.In addition, whether control circuit can comprise and being used in response to such as water consumption or be the device that various conditions such as peak value or off peak energy required time section are regulated the set-point automatically.
Example
In first example, adopt 240 volts of alternating current operations to have the electric heater of 4,500 watts stratie, be used for water is heated to 49 ℃ from 16 ℃.In service at first, as described in the application's the foreword, adopt a commercial available bimetallic thermostat to come the sensing water temperature, and control to the electric current of stratie.Second in service, as shown in Figure 2 with described in the application, adopt ratio section temperature-control circuit to come the sensing water temperature, and control to the electric current of stratie.The comparative result of two operations as shown in Figure 3.
For operation 1, with the tension force on the threaded stud adjusting bimetallic thermostat, so that bimetallic thermostat becomes protruding top shape 49 ℃ set-point temperature rapidly from even shape.Bimetallic thermostat about 3 inches position on stratie contacts with the outer wall of water-heater water tank.Bimetallic thermostat is connected to electric switch in the circuit that power supply is offered stratie by insulating bar.Water tank is full of 16 ℃ water, and power supply is connected on the circuit of stratie power supply.Bimetallic thermostat remains on flat position, and electronic switch is closed.Electric current was crossed stratie about 27 minutes with 19.7 amperes velocity flow, was heated to 50 ℃ up to water.Bimetallic thermostat becomes protruding top shape then rapidly, and starting switch is cut to the electric current of stratie.Water temperature-the time diagram that has shown this first operation among Fig. 3.
For operation 2, adopted as shown in Figure 2 and the ratio section temperature-control circuit described in the application.Temperature set points equipment 101 is calibrated to 49 ℃ set-point, and with about 3 inches places on the stratie 125 of thermistor temp sensor device 102 attached to water tank.Thyristor 103 is connected to stratie 125.The water tank of water heater is drained, and refills 16 ℃ water, and ratio section temperature-control circuit 100 is connected to main power source.Ratio section temperature-control circuit 100 provides 18.8 amperes electric current to stratie 125 at first, and promptly about 95% of the amperage that provides by operation 1 mechanical thermostat.After about four minutes (at 20 ℃), the electric current that ratio section temperature-control circuit 100 will offer stratie 125 is decreased to 18.6 amperes, and promptly about 91% of the amperage that provides by operation 1 mechanical thermostat.After about 21 minutes (at 40 ℃), the sensing water temperature enters ratio section temperature range, 100 beginnings of ratio section temperature-control circuit slowly are reduced to the electric current of stratie 125, the sensing water temperature reaches the set-point temperature after 27 minutes, and ratio section temperature-control circuit 100 is cut to the electric current of stratie 125.
Fig. 3 has shown in operation 1 and has moved in 2 and will wait water gaging to be heated to roughly the same temperature in the time in equivalent.Yet, in operation 1, need 19.7 amperes electric current, and in operation 2, during heating only need about 18.6 amperes electric current.That is to say, and in adopting the same water heater of mechanical control device, will wait water gaging to be heated to same temperature to compare that being equipped with in the water heater of ratio section temperature-control circuit of the present invention water heated needs approximately to lack 9% electric energy.This is a beyond thought result.
The current pulsation that load is formed by ratio section temperature-control circuit allows water temperature to quickly respond in adding electric current and critically rise and descend.The short interruption that each cycle period is added to the electric current on the water heater element makes radiant energy transmit more efficiently from the water heater element to water.
As second example, carry out test to determine user actual value with the energy that uses during a typical water heater operational cycle.Referring to Fig. 4, for mechanical thermostat and the electromic thermostat that comprises ratio section control logic drawn actual kilowatt hour (kWh) than hour figure.
Fig. 4 demonstrates, and during a typical heat cycles, as the direct result of the ratio of employing section temperature control logic, has used about 3% energy less.The conducting angle of the startup quadrant by changing TRIAC might increase to this percentage about 5-5.5%, and can influence the performance of water heater sharply.
In addition, be restricted to the electric current of water heater element and by providing electric current with impulse form to water heater, can slide into temperature set points step by step by adopting ratio section control logic, and can not overregulate temperature requiredly, this has saved 15% energy in addition.
Compare with the running cost of the identical water heater that adopts the bimetallic mechanical thermostat, current-modulation with prevent that the user that is combined into of overregulating of temperature set points from having saved altogether 20% energy nearly.
Water crossed to be heated to above reasonable temperature generally can waste energy for 52 ℃-54 ℃.In the temperature that is higher than about 54 ℃, typical two inches thick heat insulation layers have lost it and have effectively kept the ability of heat.This energy loss under standby mode is wasted very much, and makes water heater circulate more frequently than necessary potentially.
Ratio section control circuit of the present invention prevents to overregulate, and allows water temperature only to descend about 2.2 ℃, thereby only circulates under the required temperature difference, so that make water temperature return required set-point.
Another advantage of ratio section control circuit is that it is suitable for inflammable compression ring border.For example, a kind of like this environment may be present in garage, workshop or underground storage area, wherein exists solvent, gasoline, propane or other highly inflammable or explosive vapor.Mechanical thermostat and contact-type switchgear can produce electric arc when electrically contacting or disconnect, this depends on by the magnitude of current of switch.If the steam volatilization is serious, then electric arc can be lighted inflammable vapour.On the contrary, ratio section control circuit all is solid-state, does not have moving-member, therefore can not light inflammable vapour.
Though shown here and described one particular embodiment of the present invention, under situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can modify and be out of shape.For example, can adopt other logic chips except the UAA1016A logic chip of Motorola to control the switch circulation of thyristor 103.And, also can adopt the temperature sensing equipment except the thermistor that is used as temperature sensing equipment 102.And, also can adopt the thyristor except the TRIAC of Motorola to be used as thyristor 103.Therefore, scope of the present invention is limited by subsidiary claims.
Claims (29)
1. one kind is used for the water of storage type water heater is heated to improving one's methods of set point temperatures from initial cooler temperature, described storage type water heater comprises the water tank and the stratie with the water heating that extends in the water tank that is used at non-operational phase water, and described method comprises:
At non-operational phase water;
Set up set point temperatures;
The temperature of the water in the sensing water tank;
Will be to the stratie electric energy transmitting according to the temperature that senses with the burst form, each burst back of power supply and then one not to time period of stratie electric energy transmitting; And
When the temperature that senses is a set point temperatures or when being higher than set point temperatures, stop to the stratie electric energy transmitting.
2. the electric current that the method for claim 1, wherein offers stratie is an alternating current;
Wherein, the time period of each burst of power supply is the part of each circulation of alternating current;
And, wherein, follow remainder after each burst of power supply, that do not comprise each circulation of alternating current to the time period of stratie electric energy transmitting.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the time period of each burst of power supply be alternating current each circulation 95% or still less.
4. storage type water heater, comprise have outer wall be used for make water can be heated to the water tank of set point temperatures and extend into water tank at non-operational phase water and be used for stratie the water heating of being deposited, it is characterized in that:
Temperature controller, be used for to stratie electric energy transmitting the heating of the water of water tank, described temperature controller with the burst form to the stratie electric energy transmitting, each burst back is a time period and then, in this time period, not to the stratie electric energy transmitting, to improve the efficient of the water heating in the water tank, wherein, temperature controller comprises: the set-point temperature device is used for setting up the set-point temperature that temperature controller will be heated to the water of water tank; Temperature sensor equipment, the water temperature in the sensing water tank; Temperature difference apparatus in the logical circuit is used to determine in the water temperature of sensing and the temperature difference between the temperature of set-point; And being used in the logical circuit stops the device to the stratie electric energy transmitting when sensing temperature is equal to or higher than the set-point temperature.
5. water heater as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
Temperature controller comprises:
Logical circuit, be used for loop limit at 1 second or shorter, described circulation comprise a power supply burst and follow thereafter, time period of electric energy transmitting not, described logical circuit also is used for each burst with power supply and is restricted to and is not more than 95% of each circulation.
6. water heater as claimed in claim 5, wherein, temperature controller is a ratio section temperature controller, comprising:
Ratio section equipment, along with sensing temperature in a selected proportional band segment limit near the set-point temperature, described ratio section equipment can not be to the state of stratie electric energy transmitting to described temperature controller to the cycle of states of stratie electric energy transmitting from described temperature controller with temperature controller, each circulation has about 1 second or a less time section, along with being in sensing temperature in the segment limit of proportional band near the set-point temperature, the time period that the temperature controller of each circulation can electric energy transmitting reduces.
7. water heater as claimed in claim 6, wherein, temperature controller comprises:
Anti-recycle unit, after sensing temperature reached the set-point temperature, described anti-recycle unit was arranged to non-conductive state with temperature controller, up to sensing temperature from the set-point temperature selected temperature difference that descends.
8. storage type water heater comprises:
Being used for water and water being heated to the water tank of set-point temperature of fixing sealing;
Be used for cold water is added to the entry pipeline of water tank;
Be used for emitting the water outlet pipeline of hot water from water tank;
Extend into the stratie in the water tank, be used for the water of heating water tank; And
Control circuit, be used for the burst form to the stratie electric energy transmitting, each burst back and then one not to time period of stratie electric energy transmitting, thereby improved the efficiency of heating surface of the water in the water tank, wherein, control circuit comprises the set-point temperature device, is used for setting up the set-point temperature that control circuit will be heated to the water of water tank; Temperature sensor is used for the sensing temperature of the water of sensing water tank; And logical circuit, be used to determine the temperature difference between sensing water temperature and set-point temperature, and when sensing temperature is equal to or higher than the set-point temperature, stop to the stratie electric energy transmitting.
9. water heater as claimed in claim 8, wherein, water tank has top and bottom, and wherein, the entry pipeline is included in the dip tube that contiguous tank top extends into water tank and has the outlet of a contiguous water tank bottom.
10. water heater as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the water outlet pipeline has the inlet of contiguous tank top.
11. water heater as claimed in claim 8 also comprises the shell around water tank, limits a space between water tank and shell, and is adiabatic in described space.
12. water heater as claimed in claim 8, wherein, a burst of power supply and follow in the time period of thereafter not electric energy transmitting and defined a circulation, control circuit is 1 second or still less with described loop limit.
13. water heater as claimed in claim 12, wherein, control circuit is restricted to burst and is less than 96% of each circulation.
14. water heater as claimed in claim 12, wherein, logical circuit is a ratio section temperature controller, wherein, in the time of in sensing temperature is in a predetermined proportional band segment limit, along with sensing temperature becomes more and more near the set-point temperature, the duration of each burst reduces.
15. water heater as claimed in claim 14, wherein, control circuit comprises the device of the excessive circulation that is used to prevent logical circuit, when reaching the set-point temperature with convenient sensing temperature, stop to the stratie electric energy transmitting, be brought down below scheduled volume of set-point temperature up to sensing temperature.
16. water heater as claimed in claim 15 wherein, is used to prevent that excessively the device of circulation comprises photoelectrical coupler.
17. water heater as claimed in claim 16, wherein, when to the stratie electric energy transmitting, photoelectrical coupler conducting electric current.
18. water heater as claimed in claim 15 wherein, is used to prevent that excessively the device work of circulation makes sensing temperature than in fact big scheduled volume.
19. a storage type water heater comprises:
Being used for water and water being heated to the water tank of set-point temperature of fixing sealing is used for cold water is added to the entry pipeline of water tank, is used for emitting from water tank the water outlet pipeline of hot water;
Extend into the stratie in the water tank, be used for the water of heating water tank,
Control circuit, be used for the burst form to the stratie electric energy transmitting, each burst back and then one not to time period of stratie electric energy transmitting, wherein, a burst of power supply and follow in the time period of thereafter not electric energy transmitting and defined the one-period circulation, described control circuit comprises: the set-point temperature device is used for setting up the set-point temperature that control circuit will be heated to the water of water tank; Temperature sensor is used for the water temperature of sensing water tank, and logical circuit, is used for determining the temperature difference between sensing water temperature and the set-point temperature, and stops to the stratie electric energy transmitting when sensing temperature is equal to or higher than the set-point temperature.
20. water heater as claimed in claim 19, wherein, in the time of in sensing temperature is in a predetermined proportional band segment limit, along with sensing temperature becomes more and more near the set-point temperature, the duration of each burst reduces.
21. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises being used for real-time clock able to programme that peak value and non-peak value water time are programmed, wherein, regulates the set-point temperature in response to water consumption.
22. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises the device that is used to detect water consumption, wherein, regulates the set-point temperature when water consumption is lower than scheduled volume.
23. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises pressure sensor, wherein, the power supply that cuts off water heater when reaching predetermined pressure connects.
24. water heater as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the power supply that cuts off water heater when reaching predetermined water temperature connects.
25. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises the device of the existence that is used to detect water, wherein, when not having water in the water tank, controller is under an embargo.
26. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises operation-interface, is used for operation control and has the safeguard protection path.
27. water heater as claimed in claim 26, wherein, operation-interface can be by remote access.
28. water heater as claimed in claim 26, wherein, operation-interface comprises controller function, comprises the visual cues of fault.
29. water heater as claimed in claim 19 also comprises a plurality of temperature sensors of the water temperature that is used for a plurality of positions of sensing water tank, wherein, controller is in response to described a plurality of temperature sensors.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/914,638 | 1997-08-19 | ||
| US08/914,638 US5831250A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1997-08-19 | Proportional band temperature control with improved thermal efficiency for a water heater |
| US09/118,720 US5948304A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1998-07-17 | Water heater with proportional band temperature control for improved thermal efficiency |
| US09/118,720 | 1998-07-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1267446A CN1267446A (en) | 2000-09-20 |
| CN1219416C true CN1219416C (en) | 2005-09-14 |
Family
ID=26816674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98808281 Expired - Fee Related CN1219416C (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1998-08-05 | Water heater with proportional band temp. control for improved thermal efficiency |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1005784B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001518600A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1219416C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8686598A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9811322A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2243797C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69823036T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999009789A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6363216B1 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2002-03-26 | Kenneth A. Bradenbaugh | Water heater having dual side-by-side heating elements |
| JP5852774B2 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2016-02-03 | 株式会社堀場エステック | Liquid sample heating vaporizer |
| WO2012040585A2 (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Downey Jonathan B | Adaptive thermal regulator |
| CN109497828B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-07-05 | 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司 | Temperature control method and device of electric kettle and electric kettle |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3633094A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1972-01-04 | Barber Colman Co | Burst length proportioning controller |
| US3878358A (en) * | 1972-11-16 | 1975-04-15 | Xerox Corp | Digital power control |
| NL7610563A (en) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-03-29 | Thorn Domestic Appliances Ltd | AIR DRYER. |
| GB2148467B (en) * | 1983-10-18 | 1988-04-13 | Gainsborough Electrical | Water heaters |
| US4978833A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-12-18 | Bunn-O-Matic Corporation | Hot water dispenser having improved water temperature control system |
-
1998
- 1998-07-24 CA CA 2243797 patent/CA2243797C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-05 AU AU86865/98A patent/AU8686598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-05 EP EP98938315A patent/EP1005784B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-05 CN CN 98808281 patent/CN1219416C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-05 JP JP2000510315A patent/JP2001518600A/en active Pending
- 1998-08-05 DE DE69823036T patent/DE69823036T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-05 WO PCT/US1998/016175 patent/WO1999009789A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-05 BR BR9811322-4A patent/BR9811322A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69823036D1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| AU8686598A (en) | 1999-03-08 |
| BR9811322A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| WO1999009789A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 |
| DE69823036T2 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| JP2001518600A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| EP1005784B1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
| CN1267446A (en) | 2000-09-20 |
| EP1005784A4 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
| CA2243797C (en) | 2005-12-06 |
| CA2243797A1 (en) | 1999-02-19 |
| EP1005784A1 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
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