CN1219183C - 采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置 - Google Patents
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1219183C CN1219183C CN 200410015824 CN200410015824A CN1219183C CN 1219183 C CN1219183 C CN 1219183C CN 200410015824 CN200410015824 CN 200410015824 CN 200410015824 A CN200410015824 A CN 200410015824A CN 1219183 C CN1219183 C CN 1219183C
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/003—Filters
Landscapes
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置。方法：采用金属丝网和活性炭作为回热器填料，利用活性炭填料对氮组分具有的吸附作用增加其相应的比热容特点，改善回热器性能。装置具有不锈钢外壳，在不锈钢外壳内，依次设有气体导流块、金属丝网、活性炭填料。本发明是在回热式制冷机中，采用含氮混合工质的高制冷效应与回热器填料活性炭对氮气的吸附特性，提高了制冷机的循环热力学性能和回热器的回热性能，由此在要求的制冷温区内获得的制冷量和制冷系数COP优于纯氦工质。该发明在提高回热式制冷机制冷性能方面，具有原理简单、效果显著、操作简便等优点，通过这种方法，可以在80K温区提高回热式制冷机的制冷量和制冷性能COP。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置。
背景技术
在现有的众多回热式低温制冷机中，回热器是它的关键部件，如斯特林、G-M和脉管制冷机等。通过回热器的传热量要比气体制冷机产生的冷量大10-50倍，所以其传热性能优劣，对气体制冷机的性能有决定性影响。
由于回热器换热面积和换热系数有限，不论是在热吹期还是在冷吹期，气体与填料间总存在着换热温差，这就导致了换热的不可逆性，称为有限传热损失。理论研究表明，回热器效率主要取决于传热单元数NTU和填料与工质的对比热容Γ(填料与气体的热容量之比Cr/C)的大小。在假定传热单元数不变的情形下，回热器效率主要取决于对比热容Γ的大小。对比热容越大，回热不可逆损失越小，反之则越大。当对比热容接近1时，便产生回热器的“热饱和”现象，此时回热器效率为零，丧失蓄冷功能。
随着工作温度的降低，气体和填料的物性参数变化很大。金属填料的晶格比热容随温度的降低以cm∝T3的关系迅速减小，而氦气的定容比热容和密度却随着温度的降低而增加。所以对比热容随着工作温度的降低明显减小，以致回热器各截面上填料温度随时间变化的波幅增大，传热不可逆损失增加。为此，许多学者开展了以提高回热器比热容为主要目的的回热材料的研究，并取得了一定的进展。目前在低温下采用具有磁比热反常特性的磁性蓄冷材料的低温制冷机，低温下的对比热容明显增大，最低制冷温度可达到液氦温区。然而，这些研究只是单纯从提高填料的比热容角度出发，没有顾及填料与气体相互作用的影响。事实上，填料和工质两者的耦合作用，有可能对回热器性能的改善做出进一步的贡献。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置。
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法：采用金属丝网和活性炭作为回热器填料，利用活性炭填料对氮组分具有的吸附作用增加其相应的比热容特点，改善回热器性能。
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器具有不锈钢外壳，在不锈钢外壳内，依次设有气体导流块、金属丝网、活性炭填料。
本发明的优点是在回热式制冷机中，采用含氮混合工质的高制冷效应与回热器填料活性炭对氮气的吸附特性，提高了制冷机的循环热力学性能和回热器的回热性能，由此在要求的制冷温区内获得的制冷量和制冷系数COP优于纯氦工质。与传统的依靠纯工质以及应用不同回热性能蓄冷填料的回热器相比，该发明在提高回热式制冷机制冷性能方面，具有原理简单、效果显著、操作简便等优点，通过这种方法，可以在80K温区提高回热式制冷机的制冷量和制冷性能COP。
附图说明
附图是采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器结构示意图。
具体实施方式
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法是采用金属丝网和活性炭作为回热器填料，利用活性炭填料对氮组分具有的吸附作用增加其相应的比热容特点，改善回热器性能。
所说的氮组分是采用含氮的混合工质，利用混合工质热物性提高系统循环热力学性能。含氮混合工质与对氮组分具有吸附特性的回热器填料活性炭两者的共同作用，促使回热器性能更大程度地提高。
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器具有不锈钢外壳1，在不锈钢外壳内，依次设有气体导流块2、金属丝网3、活性炭填料4。
金属丝网材料为不锈钢、紫铜、磷青铜，相应的目数为80～250目。活性炭填料可采用的类型为：木质颗粒活性炭、果壳类活性炭、煤质颗粒活性炭、木质粉状活性炭。
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器，其回热过程是一个热吹期和一个冷吹期组成的周期性换热过程。在热吹期，热气体工质通过回热器，加热回热器的填料，而气体本身的温度降低；在冷吹期，冷气体反向通过回热器，使填料冷却，而气体本身的温度升高。
采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器，主要应用于回热式制冷机，如斯特林制冷机、GM制冷机、脉管制冷机、索尔文制冷机、维勒米尔制冷机等。
Claims (5)
1.一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法，其特征在于：采用金属丝网和活性炭作为回热器填料，利用活性炭填料对氮组分具有的吸附作用增加其相应的比热容。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法，其特征在于：所说的氮组分是采用含氮的混合工质。
3.一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器，其特征在于：它具有不锈钢外壳(1)，在不锈钢外壳内，依次设有气体导流块(2)、金属丝网(3)、活性炭填料(4)。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器，其特征在于：金属丝网材料为不锈钢、紫铜或磷青铜，相应的目数为80～250目。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热器，其特征在于：活性炭填料的类型为：木质颗粒活性炭、果壳类活性炭、煤质颗粒活性炭或木质粉状活性炭。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410015824 CN1219183C (zh) | 2004-01-12 | 2004-01-12 | 采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置 |
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| CN 200410015824 CN1219183C (zh) | 2004-01-12 | 2004-01-12 | 采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置 |
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| CN1556361A CN1556361A (zh) | 2004-12-22 |
| CN1219183C true CN1219183C (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
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| CN 200410015824 Expired - Fee Related CN1219183C (zh) | 2004-01-12 | 2004-01-12 | 采用活性炭吸附氮气的吸附式回热方法及其装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102607215B (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-07-23 | 中南大学 | 热声回热器 |
| CN106091517A (zh) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种蓄冷器及制冷机 |
| CN111721440A (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-29 | 武汉华工正源光子技术有限公司 | 一种光模块的高低温测试系统 |
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