CN1218770C - Method of removing polycyclic arene from gas phase - Google Patents
Method of removing polycyclic arene from gas phase Download PDFInfo
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- CN1218770C CN1218770C CN03152951.8A CN03152951A CN1218770C CN 1218770 C CN1218770 C CN 1218770C CN 03152951 A CN03152951 A CN 03152951A CN 1218770 C CN1218770 C CN 1218770C
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- polycyclic aromatic
- aromatic hydrocarbon
- cyclodextrin
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- aromatic hydrocarbons
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- -1 polycyclic arene Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- AXFBAIOSECPASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacyclo[6.6.2.02,7.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(14),2(7),3,5,8(16),9,11(15),12-octaene Chemical compound C1=C(C=C23)C4=C5C3=CC=CC5=CC=C4C2=C1 AXFBAIOSECPASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a gas phase. A gas flow which contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons passes through nontoxic and harmless cyclodextrin or derivatives thereof at a certain temperature, most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are enriched in a hollow body of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, other part of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are converted into noncarcinogenic low-carbon hydrocarbons, and the enrichment rate of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can reach 0.07 to 1.81 mg/g. When the method is adopted, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air can be effectively removed, and therefore, the purpose of purifying the air can be reached. The present invention can be widely suitable for removes the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a gas-phase environment, and is an environmental purifying method with high practicability.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of removing harmful substance in the surrounding air, specifically a kind of method of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase.
Two, background technology
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hereinafter to be referred as PAH, with the anthracene is representative) be the material of hydrocarbon-containiproducts such as fossil fuels such as oil, coal and timber, gasoline, heavy oil, paper, crop straw, tobacco, generate through thermal decomposition through imperfect combustion or in reducing atmosphere.At present, people have detected PAH from various surrounding materials such as air, water, food, industrial goods etc.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is the organic pollution that a class has " three cause " effect, and its total amount accounts for more than 1/3 of all carcinogens, is one of organic pollution important in the air, and is very big to environment and human health damage.
The main emission source of PAH has: the factory of the power station of family's burning coal heating, family's burning " special light " warming oil, burning coal and factory, oil firing, automobile, cigarette etc.
Burning is the main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the atmosphere.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mainly discharges with gaseous state during burning, and under hot conditions, nearly all hydrocarbon can both produce a certain amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Weary oxygen is another essential condition that generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon amount that different fuel produces under identical burning condition can have very big difference, and the anchracite ball burning produces in the flue gas, exceeds hundreds of to thousands of times in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratio general industry urban atmosphere.Anchracite ball is one of fuel commonly used in a lot of regional home furnaces of China, and it causes great influence to housewife and kitchen staff's health.
The coke-oven plant is the most serious factory of discharging polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, exceeds 500 ~ 1000 times in the concentration ratio general industry city at 500m place, out of focus stove operation area, also contains a large amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sewage of its discharging and plant area and the soil on every side.Gasworks and blast furnace waste gas also are the important pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Benzo [α] pyrene (PAH's the is a kind of) concentration at 4m place is up to 78 μ g/m near semi-open-type tar asphalt heating furnace
3, city garbage incinerator also is the important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Automobile also contains a considerable amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in motor vehicles such as the aircraft institute combustion gas.Per 100 motor passenger vehicles can distribute 2 ~ 10 tons benzo [α] pyrene every year.In the street of some heavy traffic, airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon almost mainly is to be caused by automobile exhaust gas.From polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated angle, car engine is confidential serious more a lot of than Diesel engine, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that high fuel consumption produces is than exceeding several times under the normal condition, and this moment waste gas tar carcinogenicity also more intense.The content that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the many strange exhaust gas discharged of gasoline of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is also than higher.
Causing indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated main cause is smoking and indoor small oven.Smoking has been proved to be the key factor of bringing out lung cancer, though the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon limited amount that smoking is discharged, but also can cause serious indoor pollution in some crowded public situation, the benzene in air in some dining rooms and the aircraft cockpit is the concentration of [α] pyrene also, unexpectedly respectively up to 3 ~ 14 μ g/100m
3With 8.5 ~ 15 μ g/100m
3It is 0.1 μ g/100m in surrounding air that the Soviet Union in 1975 just proposes the maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of benzo [α] pyrene
3Benzo [α] pyrene only accounts for the 1-20% of PAH total amount.
People just recognize to be exposed in the burning gases human body are harmful to before 200 years.Along with the continuous development of science and technology, the mankind begin to be familiar with the harm of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to the beginning of this century.The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon shows strong carcinogenic, mutagenesis and teratogenesis.The mankind and animal cancerous lesion have 70%～90%, and chemical substance causes in the environment, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon then is a class maximum in the environmental carcinogenesis chemical substance.Suck the lung cancer that is adsorbed on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the particulate in the atmosphere and causes and account for more than 85% of total lung cancer pathology, long term exposure is in environment such as the flue gas that contains high concentration PAH, petroleum distillate, pitch and product of coal, and cutaneum carcinoma and lung cancer morbidity rate are very high.Coke-oven plant workman's lung cancer mortality is apparently higher than its surrounding resident.There is data to point out, benzo in the atmosphere [a] pyrene concentration 10.0 to 12.5 μ g/100m
3The time, resident's lung cancer markization death rate only is 25 people/100,000; And work as benzo [a] pyrene concentration is 17.0 to 19.0 μ g/100m
3The time, resident's lung cancer markization death rate increases to 35 to 38 people/100,000 people.Both have tangible correlation, and coefficient correlation is 0.97.1973, labors such as the Kano of the U.S. the serial relevant EPDML survey data of lung cancer, think every increase by the 0.1 μ g/100m of benzo [a] pyrene concentration in the atmosphere
3, the corresponding rising 5% of lung cancer mortality.At present, kerosene, pitch, tar class material are listed among the carcinogenic chemical substance of people by international cancer research institution (IARC).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) is not to be directly acting carcinogens matter, after mixed-function oxidase that must be in cytomicrosome activates, just has carcinogenicity.In addition, PAH has strong inhibitory action to growth of microorganism, PAHs is difficult for by biological utilisation because of poorly water-soluble and stable circulus thereof, the destruction of their pair cells suppresses the growth of common micro-organisms.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is global organic pollution, and distribution is all arranged in the various surrounding mediums all over the world, also is the priority pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency.To eliminate how in the environment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated aspect, the researcher has done a large amount of work.Cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin, be called for short CD) is to act on starch or straight chain dextrin and the general name of a series of ring glycan of making by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase that gemma mandarin orange bacterium produces.Modal have α-, β-and gamma-cyclodextrin is made up of 6,7 and 8 glucose units respectively.Wherein the highest with beta-schardinger dextrin-output again, most widely used general.Villiers in 1891 by having found cyclodextrin with enzymatic degradation of starch.Schrodinger Schardinger during 1903 to 1911) finished the research of definite cyclodextrin structure, thereby laid a good foundation for starting of cyclodextrin chemistry.The design feature of cyclodextrin is to have a hydrophilic outer rim and a hydrophobic cavity in the molecular structure.Hydrophobic is that the outside frame of cyclodextrin molecular is then owing to the gathering of hydroxyl is hydrophily because the cavity inboard of cyclodextrin is under the c h bond shielding by two circle hydrogen atoms (H-3 and H-5) and an oxygen atom that encloses glycosidic bond.Given the ability that cyclodextrin and multiple guest compound form inclusion compound just because of its specific molecule structure, and these characteristics are architecture basics that their obtain extensive use.Developed the derivative of a series of beta-schardinger dextrin-s in recent years again, as methyl flamprop, hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, methylol cyclodextrin etc., the solubility property of these cyclodextrine derivatives is better than beta-schardinger dextrin-, thereby purposes is also more extensive.For example will encircle paste
Smart derivative utilizes the selectivity catalytic action of its cavity size to the selectivity simulation biology enzyme of molecule as catalator; Utilize the big characteristics of cyclodextrin inclusion compound solubility to increase the solubility and the stability of medicine, improve bioavailability of medicament; With the peculiar smell of cyclodextrin, prolong the holding time etc. as food additives removal food.In analytical chemistry, as analyzing synergist, reach as active material making electrochemical analysis sensor and chromatographic stationary equal cyclodextrin.Chinese patent discloses that (publication number 1352199) is a kind of to purify the method for the sewage that contains organic poisonous substance with polymeric cyclodextrins, and this method can be reduced to the ppb level with some organic concentration in the water.At present, though people have taked many measures to reduce the discharging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the air as much as possible, effect is all undesirable, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of how eliminating in the gas phase is not seen that so far any report is arranged.
Three, summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in a kind of selective removal gas phase.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase, it is characterized in that: adopt cyclodextrin through 150 ℃ of processed as adsorbent, after the air communication that will contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under 150～300 ℃ of temperature is crossed the cyclodextrin adsorbent layer, can filter the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of removing in the gas phase, the accumulation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 0.07-1.81mg/g.
Described gas phase is the air phase that contains the organic gas phase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Described cyclodextrin adsorbent comprises α-CD: the glucose unit number is 6, and molecular weight is 972, and port diameter is about 0.5 and 1.4nm respectively; β-CD: the glucose unit number is 7, and molecular weight is 1135, and port diameter is about 0.8 and 1.6nm respectively; γ-CD: the glucose unit number is 8, and molecular weight is 1297, and port diameter is about 7.5 and 8.3nm respectively; Have substituent derivative: hydroxypropyl and methylol cyclodextrin etc.For reaching best effect, the cyclodextrin adsorbent can adopt above one or more combination.
Described polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that contains 2-5 benzene nucleus.
The special nonpolar cavity of cyclodextrin is fit to this class organic poison of absorbing multiring aromatic hydrocarbon, and the cyclodextrin behind the enrichment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be handled by thermal cracking and light degradation, reaches the purpose of elimination; In addition, nontoxic cyclodextrin is the natural degradable product, and wide material sources are so cyclodextrin should be only adsorbent.
The method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase of the present invention, be that the air communication that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under 150～300 ℃ of temperature is crossed the cyclodextrin adsorbent layer, promptly can selective filter remove the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase, most of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is enriched in the cavity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, another part is converted into the low-carbon (LC) hydro carbons of non-carcinogenic, and the accumulation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can reach 0.07-1.81mg/g.Adopt this method can remove airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon effectively, thereby reach the purpose that purifies air.
Four, the specific embodiment
The cyclodextrin adsorbent that uses among all embodiment is before use all through 150 ℃ of processed, and the content of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in the air-flow adopts gas chromatography to detect (GC-FID).
Embodiment one
The β that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 5.3mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 250 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of anthracene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally six times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to anthracene is 1.81mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment two
The β that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 5.8mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 200 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of anthracene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally five times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to anthracene is 1.34mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment three
The β that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 4.7mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 250 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of fluoranthene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally six times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to fluoranthene is 0.82mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment four
The β that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 4.6mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 200 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of fluoranthene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally five times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to fluoranthene is 0.36mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment five
The hydroxypropyl beta that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 5.0mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 200 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of anthracene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally four times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to anthracene is 0.21mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment six
The γ that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 4.5mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 200 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of anthracene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally four times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to anthracene is 0.88mg/g by analysis.
Embodiment seven
The α that has dewatered under 150 ℃-CD 4.5mg is contained in miniature stainless steel reaction pipe and (among the φ 3 * 150mm), is connected between the column head sampling device and packed column in the Varian3700 gas chromatograph, and places chromatographic post case.Sample is warming up to 200 ℃, and the cyclohexane solution of anthracene is advanced reactor by pulse injection, and pulsed quantity is 5 μ L, totally five times; (φ 3 * 500mm) separates the back by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the TCD detection eluting gas through the SE-30 packed column.Accumulation rate to anthracene is 0.07mg/g by analysis.
As from the foregoing, cyclodextrin and derivative thereof have very strong selective enrichment ability to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase, and cyclodextrin is a kind of natural prodcuts that have no side effect, but natural degradation, and wide material sources.Cyclodextrin behind the enrichment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be eliminated by thermal cracking and light degradation.This performance of cyclodextrin will make it become very promising environmental purifying agent.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase, it is characterized in that: adopt cyclodextrin through 150 ℃ of processed as adsorbent, after the air communication that will contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under 150～300 ℃ of temperature is crossed the cyclodextrin adsorbent layer, can remove by filter the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase, the accumulation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is 0.07-1.81mg/g.
2, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described gas phase is the air phase that contains the organic gas phase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
3, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cyclodextrin adsorbent comprises alpha-cyclodextrin, and the glucose unit number of this alpha-cyclodextrin is 6, and molecular weight is 972, and port diameter is respectively 0.5 and 1.4nm.
4, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cyclodextrin adsorbent comprises beta-schardinger dextrin-, and the glucose unit number of this beta-schardinger dextrin-is 7, and molecular weight is 1135, and port diameter is respectively 0.8 and 1.6nm.
5, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cyclodextrin adsorbent comprises gamma-cyclodextrin, and the glucose unit number of this gamma-cyclodextrin is 8, and molecular weight is 1297, and port diameter is respectively 7.5 and 8.3nm.
6, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cyclodextrin adsorbent comprises hydroxypropyl and methylol cyclodextrin.
7, the method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the removal gas phase according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that contains 2-5 benzene nucleus.
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| CN110871015B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation for removing volatile organic compound, application thereof and method for removing volatile organic compound |
| CN110871017B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Preparation for removing volatile organic compound, application thereof and method for removing volatile organic compound |
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| CN113455758A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-10-01 | 上海煤科检测技术有限公司 | Mask for removing volatile organic compounds |
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