CN1218185C - Method and device for determining hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining the blade hydraulic screw pitch K value of a propeller current meter, which comprises the following steps: the blade of a propeller current meter is separated from a host machine; a blade mechanical screw pitch H is measured independently and mechanically; the K value of a sampled blade model with a linear open channel under the condition of stable water is detected to establish a relational expression of K=f (H), thereafter the K value is calculated from the measured H value in mass production. The method adopts the following devices which comprises a drive shaft, an output shaft, a threaded screw rod and a variable speed drive mechanism, wherein the output shaft which is provided with the measured blade and the threaded screw rod are respectively driven by the drive shaft through the variable speed drive mechanism, so the measured blade operates along the track of a standard and mechanical screw pitch to obtain the H value by a differential method and a triangle principle. The present invention replaces the traditional device and method and establishes a new mode for manufacturing and repairing of the propeller current meter. The present invention has the advantages of reliable detection quality, high efficiency, few personnel, simple and economic detection device, easy device repair. Detection cost saving, standard coefficient and regular detection monitoring auxiliary equipment.

Description

Determine the method and the equipment thereof of hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method and equipment thereof of definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer, relate in particular to method and the employed equipment of this method that the blade waterpower pitch of a large amount of general plastic blade propeller type current meters that use in the rivers hydrologic survey is measured.

Background technology

Blade is measured the sensing element of water velocity as propeller type current meter, the determining normally of its waterpower pitch K value becomes a complete instrument with the current meter main frame is supporting, mode with complete machine, method with hydraulic experiment, means by indirect measurement are measured the blade kinematic parameter, according to a series of experimental datas of measuring, find the solution the blade equation of motion with data processing.Current meter calibration method and checkout equipment thereof, countries in the world all are the guiding principles of abideing by international standard " ISO3455 open-channel flow measurement---the calibrating of straight line open channel transfer minor current meter " regulation at present, formulate the vertification regulation of this country.The existing standard verification of China is Ministry of Water Resources's standard " calibration method of SL/T150-95 straight line open channel transfer minor current meter ".The principle of straight line open channel calibrating current meter is, theory based on relative motion of object, promptly the current that move are assumed to be water body static in the straight line open channel in rivers, and be fixed in the water current meter static on the measuring staff during flow measurement, then it is installed on the measuring staff of calibrating car, be fixed in the water, do relative motion with impounded body, thereby can obtain a relative point-to-point speed V in theory, and think that calibrating car linear running speed V ' is exactly the water velocity V that acts on the current meter blade, permanent steady constant standard speed input quantity when examining and determine as instrument is static with this.During the current meter calibrating, count N and velocity stage V according to the measuring point of SL/T150-95 standard code _iArrangement, the calibrating car carries current meter operation.Measure vehicle velocity V _iRotation speed n with the current meter blade _iThereby, obtain a series of experimental point N _i(V _i, n _i), by to N experimental point data processing, can get the propeller type current meter equation of motion:

V＝Kn+C (1)

When trying to achieve blade waterpower pitch K value, obtain an additional constant item C again in addition in the formula (1), this is that blade must obtain certain energy there from current and be overcome in motion process because the inner gear train of current meter exists frictional resistance.Frictional resistance size in it and the current meter, relevant with blade structure, size, frontal projected area and hydrodynamics characteristic thereof etc.Current meter for typing, production in enormous quantities, parts such as instrument internal gear train, bearing, and blade structure, size etc. all determine, in current instrument industries, technology and equipment all can be guaranteed the machining precision that it is required, therefore, the C value can be considered a stable constant, and its value is very little, be about 3% of K value, the calibrating data a large amount of for many years according to certain propeller type current meter in present case tried to achieve mean value as standard constant by statistics, do not influence determining of K value.The defective that straight line open channel checking method exists: 1, wave effect makes the calibrating achievement have flase drop: in the calibrating, when current meter is done relative motion with hydrostatic continually, evoke wave, cause wake, and producing flow velocity increment ± Δ V, it affacts again on the instrument conversely, influences blade and runs well, produce gauging error, and cause examining and determine the flase drop of achievement thus.2, repeated gauging error: on same calibration equipment, in the identical calibration operation period, by same calibrating, calculating teams and groups personnel operation, calculating, with under same vertification regulation, promptly hydrostatic condition is identical in the calibrating, to same instrument continuously, repeat calibrating repeatedly, verification result, blade waterpower pitch K value is difference all.National standard tank experiment calibrating achievement as above-mentioned extra fine grade: repeated gauging error absolute value average out to ± 0.19% is 0.67% to the maximum.3, calibrating achievement deviation between the different calibration tanks: the whole nation has 15 calibrating grooves, and the characteristic of each tank is all incomplete same, and same reference instrument examined and determine, and calibrating achievement maximum can reach 1.39%.4, wall effect error.The wall effect of straight line open channel slows down rotor current meter rotor speed, and when the tank section width was 3～5m, deviation was-0.4%～-0.2%.5, calibration operation efficient is low: be the influence of minimizing and limited flow rate increment ± Δ V, SL/T150-95 standard code: at each flow velocity level V _iBefore the driving calibrating, suitable hydrostatic time t should be arranged _i, when V=0.5,2,3m/s, t is respectively 10,15,25min, also needs the hydrostatic time more than 12 hours before the low speed calibrating; For reducing the stochastic error that increment ± Δ V influence produces, the measuring point number should be no less than 20.Therefore, the inefficiency of current meter production calibrating.6, running program is numerous and diverse: instrument calibrating operation procedure: instrument turns round to calibration tank, packet numbering, installs instruments from the making-up shop, water calibration instrument direction and fixing, the driving of measuring point in accordance with regulations calibrating down, after calibrating finished, instrument was put on bank, dismantles instrument, dries moisture content, unpicks and washes the instrument internal part, is refueled, transports back making-up shop etc. again.Operation procedure is very complicated, and labour intensity is big, when particularly high speed traveling is examined and determine, and worker's stress; Also quite complicated to the Data Detection in the calibrating, calculation procedure, operation is long; The staff is many.7, the calibration equipment investment is big, and the running cost height: straight line open channel calibration equipment comprises: long tank of straight line open channel and corresponding supporting factory building capital construction part thereof; Calibrating car and orbit part thereof; Calibrating car travelling speed control system; Detect the collection and the disposal system thereof of data; Water, electric supply system; (comprise supporting staff) between the checkout equipment maintenance job.Gross investment is big, daily operation and maintenance cost height thereof.8, the instrument time between overhauls(TBO) is long: the discharge site remoteness, to have inconvenient traffic, and the maintenance instrument needs to toss about in bed transportation through long-distance coming and going, and the good instrument of maintenance has damaged condition on the way the time, needs censorship again, and whole maintenance process is very inconvenient, and the cycle is very long.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is, a kind of new detection method and the employed equipment of this method are provided, to replace traditional straight line open channel calibration equipment and calibration method,, set up propeller type current meter production, use and overhaul new model so that fundamentally overcome the defective that above-mentioned traditional groove detecting method exists.Use the application's method and apparatus, the manufacturer of instrument can produce in enormous quantities efficiently with the modern production mode; Applying unit can be easy, quickly at the on-the-spot maintenance in time of discharge site instrument, determine coefficient.Use the application's equipment, should make calibration method become very simple, and easily realize the repeatability calibrating, thereby can avoid flase drop, improve the instrument calibration accuracy.Device structure provided by the present invention is simple, invest little, simple to operation, convenient data processing, the work efficiency height, good reproducibility, the calibrating achievement reliable, metage is low.

For achieving the above object, technology path of the invention process is: the method for determining hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer, it is characterized in that: the propeller type current meter blade separates with main frame, measure blade mechanical pitch H with mechanical means separately, the blade model of sampling is examined and determine the K value with straight line open channel equipment and method under hydrostatic condition, set up K=f (H) relational expression, in view of the above, in large-lot production, by measuring H value calculating K value.Make standard blade with K value, more at random with other propeller type current meter main frame auxiliary work.The standard blade of according to said method making, can with mass-produced instrument, or the maintenance instrument combination, instrument all need not descend water detection.Below be the theoretical foundation of the technology of the present invention route and calculating formula when implementing.The propeller type current meter blade equation of motion that the paper of writing according to the inventor herein Yang Han pool " current meter rotor static characteristics " is derived is:

$\frac{V}{n}[\frac{C_y}{(C_y-C_x)t{g}^2\mathrm{\α}}+\frac{C_x}{C_y-C_x}]\mathrm{\πDtg\α}---\left(2\right)$

V in the formula---water velocity;

N---blade rotating speed;

C _x, C _y---the blade resistance coefficient;

α---blade helix angle;

D---blade tactical diameter.

Making formula (2) the right square bracket is blade resistance coefficient B; π Dtg α is blade mechanical pitch H, so have:

V＝BHn (3)

Order: BH=K (4)

Then: V=Kn (5)

Formula (5) is the equation of motion that blade derives under the frictional resistance situation in hypothesis does not have, and it only is that the end reflects and expresses interior this additional constant item of the frictional resistance C of instrument with the difference of formula (1).According to the fluid mechanics principle of similitude, blade model to sampling experimentizes, and sets up the funtcional relationship between blade waterpower pitch K and the mechanical pitch H: K=f (H), in the production in enormous quantities, as long as record the mechanical pitch H of blade, just can calculate its corresponding waterpower pitch K.The method of measuring blade mechanical pitch H may further comprise the steps:

1) determine blade measurement radius R position:

R＝0.6R ₀ (6)

2) determine to measure the blade R helix T of place length:

$T=\frac{S}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}---\left(7\right)$

3) determine the helixangle of blade R place as measuring basis:

4) when equipment operation, the measurement of helix T is to represent that at axial projection S S numerical value is with it:

$S=\frac{T}{\sin \mathrm{\β}}=44.8\mathrm{mm}---\left(9\right)$

5) read clock gauge 26 at T destination county registration Z, the Z value is blade mechanical pitch H eigenwert,

6) the difference angle γ between calculating α and the β:

$\mathrm{\γ}=\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)---\left(10\right)$

7) calculate tested blade R place pitch angle alpha will:

α＝β-γ (11)

8) calculate tested blade mechanical pitch H:

H＝2πRtgα (12)

9) wushu (10), (11) substitution formula (12):

$H=2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(13\right)$

10) to tested blade sampling,

11) Chou Yang blade model gets corresponding blade waterpower pitch K by the calibrating of straight line open channel _i

12) calculate blade resistance coefficient B according to formula (4):

$B=\frac{K}{H}---\left(14\right)$

13) replace H with eigenwert Z, try to achieve intercept B by data processing ₀With slope Q:

$Q=\frac{B_{\max }-B_0}{Z_{\max }-Z_0}---\left(15\right)$

So the B-H relational expression is:

B＝B ₀+QZ (16)

14) wushu (13), (16) substitution formula (4), then K is:

$K=(B_0+\mathrm{QZ})2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(17\right)$

15) order: a=2 π RB ₀B=2 π RQ

Then the hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer general formula is:

$K$ $=(a+\mathrm{bZ})\mathrm{tg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(18\right)$

16) B ₀, Q, R, B, T substitution formula (17):

The prioritization scheme of said method is that the following equipment that adopts the application to provide is measured, and the step that is increased when using this equipment will narration again after equipment is described.For measuring above-mentioned blade mechanical pitch H, it is as follows to the invention provides blade mechanical pitch measuring equipment structure: be provided with main drive shaft, output shaft, threaded screw rod and variable transmission mechanism.Main drive shaft by variable transmission mechanism simultaneously respectively the output shaft of the tested blade of drive installation and with the threaded screw rod that is fixed on pedestal top nut spouse, tested blade measuring point is moved along spiral trajectory.Its prioritization scheme has: 1, on the measuring equipment pedestal clock gauge is installed, the measuring point of its gauge head on the tested blade radius R.2, the point position of tested blade, be provided with axially, radially with height three-dimensional locating device.Its principle of work is to adopt differential technique: make the helical trajectory operation of tested blade by reference angle β, the eigenwert Z with difference γ angle between clock gauge measurement blade pitch angle alpha will and the reference angle β can try to achieve blade mechanical pitch H according to the trigonometry relation.Because of the blade mechanical pitch is a constant along radius R, get final product so only need to measure the helix in representative R place.For measuring the pitch angle alpha will at above-mentioned blade R place, press the mechanical pitch measuring equipment of reference angle differential technique principle design, tested blade is installed on the output shaft, under main drive shaft drives, by predetermined helix T track operation, its operational factor is mechanical pitch H, gets blade mechanical pitch design upper limit H ₀As the reference value of measuring, measuring the corresponding helix angle reference value in radius R place is β, during measurement, pitch angle alpha will and its reference value beta that records is compared, and can get the difference angle γ of comparative result, and then try to achieve α.For measuring difference angle γ, tested blade is installed on the output shaft, be fixed on the clock gauge on the support, its gauge head is installed on the tested blade radius R measuring point, under main drive shaft drives, and tested blade and output shaft synchronous operation, the clock gauge gauge head is promptly along predetermined helix T operation, destination county reading Z is the vertical distance of difference angle γ opposite side, according to the trigonometry theory, can try to achieve γ by Z, T.Its measurement of length of blade helix T is, T is projected on the axis of output shaft, and also be that paddle shaft is determined the T value to the pitch angle alpha will of displacement S and helix T according to output shaft, its computing formula is:

$T=\frac{S}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}---\left(7\right)$

Calculate for convenient, when practical operation, T as constant, therefore, only require the α angle, just can calculate S.The S value can be at the sign indicating number lattice reading of main drive shaft high scale dish 15.The starting point of T also is that tested blade is measured null position, is determined by axial coordinate S, blade radius R and three directions of vertical elevation Y of output shaft.Because above-mentioned the quantity of its sampling is wanted much less than the instrument of producing in enormous quantities, and the enough hydrostatic time is so just arranged when carrying out the experiment of blade model resistance coefficient, guarantee instrument calibrating quality, give full play to the effect of straight line open channel calibration equipment.Equipment provided by the invention is only used in the measurement of a large amount of blade mechanical pitch H values afterwards, carries out under static condition.During this equipment of employing, calibration method increases following steps:

1) tested blade is installed on the output shaft, and makes axial and angular range zero setting,

2) gauge head of clock gauge is installed on the tested blade radius R measuring point, and the zeroing position,

3) the axial zero setting of measuring system position,

4) rotate main drive shaft in the direction of the clock, when tested blade moves as straight line, rotate an angle in the direction of the clock backward, the synthetic section helix T of blade R place that is of its motion,

5) the clock gauge gauge head is along helix T operation, and destination county reading Z is tested blade mechanical pitch eigenwert,

6) calculate the difference angle γ of tested blade helix angle and reference angle β by the Z value after, can try to achieve its pitch angle alpha will and mechanical pitch H.

In the above method, determine that the prioritization scheme of H value may further comprise the steps:

1) determine blade measurement radius R position,

2) determine to measure the blade R helix T of place length,

3) determine the helixangle of blade R place as measuring basis:

$\mathrm{\β}=\mathrm{arctg}\left[\frac{H_0}{2\mathrm{\πR}}\right]---\left(8\right)$

4) when equipment operation, the measurement of helix T is to represent that at axial projection S S numerical value is with it:

$S=\frac{T}{\sin \mathrm{\β}}---\left(9\right)$

5) read T destination county clock gauge reading Z, the Z value is blade mechanical pitch H eigenwert,

6) the difference angle γ between calculating α and the β:

$\mathrm{\γ}=\mathrm{arctg}\left[\frac{Z}{T}\right]---\left(10\right)$

7) calculate tested blade R place pitch angle alpha will:

α＝β-γ (11)

8) calculate tested blade mechanical pitch H:

H＝2πRtgα (12)

Wushu (10), (11) substitution formula (12) get blade surface geometry pitch H:

$H=2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(13\right)$

In the above method, determine that the prioritization scheme of blade waterpower pitch K value is as follows:

1) the blade model of sampling is examined and determine the K value in the straight line open channel,

2) calculate blade resistance coefficient B according to formula (4):

$B=\frac{K}{H}---\left(14\right)$

3) by data processing, determine B and Z Relation Parameters and functional expression thereof:

$Q=\frac{B_{\max }-B_0}{Z_{\max }-Z_0}---\left(15\right)$

B＝B ₀+QZ (16)

4) wushu (13), (16) substitution formula (4) get hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer and calculate general formula:

$K=(B_0+\mathrm{QZ})2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(17\right)$

5) order: a=2 π RB ₀B=2 π RQ

Then:

$K=(a+\mathrm{bZ})\mathrm{tg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(18\right)$

6) B ₀, Q, R, β, T substitution formula (17):

Data processing in the inventive method is to adopt simple and direct, graphical method intuitively, also can adopt other data processing method such as least square method certainly; Also can do suitable change to the selection of blade measuring point radius R position, survey line number, the spacing direction of blade mechanical pitch H reference value in the present device; Variable transmission mechanism structure, ratio of gear, the kind of drive of blade mechanical pitch measuring equipment; Measure mode, the method for blade pitch angle alpha will, or adopt three-dimensional method to measure, all these change all at the category of design of the present invention and technical scheme, and the former capital belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Beneficial effect of the present invention has: 1. examine and determine reliable in quality: method and apparatus of the present invention detects the then not restriction of the influence of examined environmental baseline and time, and duplicate measurements work is easy, calibrating quality guarantee rate height.2. work efficiency: instrument required time of straight line open channel calibrating is 2 hours, and data computing time is 0.5 hour; The present invention calibrating is 5 minutes, is 1/24th of classic method, and be to be 1/30th of classic method in 1 minute computing time.3. the staff is few: method and apparatus of the present invention all work only needs 1 people, be 1/8th of classic method, and it is free and relaxed to work.4. checkout equipment is simple, economy: a complete set of weight of checkout equipment of the present invention is less than 10 kilograms, and the about 0.2m * 0.3m of base area can work in any office, and manual operations need not to use power supply, uses place maneuverability big, about 10,000 yuans of cost.5. plant maintenance, maintenance be easily: assay device structures of the present invention is simple, makes superiorly, and intensity is good, need not to overhaul under normal operation.6. save metage: 100 yuan of every expenses of straight line open channel calibrating current meter, 10 yuan of metages of the present invention.7. typical coefficient: its running program of checkout equipment of the present invention is simple, and operation and computing method are easy, does not exist influence to examine and determine the other factors of quality, the step of repeated authentication calibrating achievement is very quick, therefore, quality can be guaranteed to examine and determine, and the standard blade will be made with minimum cost.The standardization of current meter blade is to producing, overhaul, use and managing all and will bring very big economic benefit and social benefit.8. monitor utility appliance: in large-lot production, measuring equipment of the present invention can be used as screening, classification and the calibrating quality monitoring utility appliance of blade K value.Checking: 1. separately calibrating of blade, determine waterpower pitch K ₀The standard blade of value is again with the combination of current meter main frame, its K ₀Be worth constant operating mode.After standard blade and Other Instruments main frame assembled at random, Jian Ding K value and its K that originally determined again ₀Value is consistent, and its absolute value of the bias average out to ± 0.17% is suitable with above-mentioned instrument repeatability gauging error ± 0.19%, and error ± 1.2% of stipulating with company standard compares, and can ignore fully.Prove that thus the operating mode that blade is separately examined and determine and is used in combination in the invention process technology path is feasible.2. measure blade mechanical pitch H with the mechanical pitch measuring equipment, calculate the method for blade waterpower pitch K.Empirical tests, K value absolute value of the bias average out to 0.43%, the error of stipulating with GB 1.8% compares, and can omit.It is feasible that thereby proof is asked the K value with mensuration H value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that blade mechanical pitch of the present invention is calculated principle analysis figure;

Fig. 2 is a blade mechanical pitch measuring equipment structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is that blade installation shaft of the present invention is to location map;

Fig. 4 is a wing setting angle degree location map of the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1, and with reference to Fig. 1: the blade mechanical pitch shown in the figure is calculated principle analysis figure, is the helix stretch-out view that blade is measured the radius R place among Fig. 3 .4.Be plastics blade propeller type current meter product that certain is commonly used below, 244 instruments of sampling observation are as indefiniteness embodiment in production in enormous quantities: known this propeller type current meter blade turning radius R=59.8mm, blade mechanical pitch upper limit H ₀=250mm.Fig. 2 is blade mechanical pitch measuring equipment building block and part: variable transmission mechanism---main drive shaft 1, driving gear first 2, driving gear second 3, follower gear first 4, follower gear second 5, output gear 6, back level gear 7, threaded screw rod 8, nut 9, nut fixed block 10, driven gear shaft 11 ', driven shaft 12, bearing 13; Operating control---handle 14, index dial 15, reading needle dial 16, annular knurl clamping screw 17; Linear moving mechanism---cabinet 18, line slideway 19, support 20, axial limiting piece 21; Blade erecting equipment---output shaft 11, and cap 22, angle locating piece 23; Measurement mechanism---see Fig. 4: pillar 24, crossbeam 25, clock gauge 26.Before the bottom surface portions of cabinet 18 and the threaded screw rod 8, two sides that rear bearing 13 parallels, each with its bottom surface constitute a splayed slide block 18 that protrudes ', see Fig. 4, two slider edges 18 ' be placed on the support 20, and with adjustable line slideway 19 location, fixing, cabinet 18, guide rail 19 and support 20 are all with having good wearing quality and high-intensity material is made, and the working surface roughness of its slip all reaches more than the Ra0.8 μ m, when measuring equipment moves, the working surface of this part and ball bearing 13 the same some lubricating oils slightly, then cabinet 18 can easily and stably be made linear translational motion in guide rail 19; Threaded screw rod 8 two ends axle journals are installed in respectively in the forward and backward bearing 13 on the cabinet 18, and by back level gear 7 is housed on the polished rod of rear bearing 13, nut 9 is assemblied on the threaded screw rod 8, is fixed on the support 20 with nut fixed block 10; Speed change, each transmission shaft of gear train, its axis is all parallel with threaded screw rod 8, and its forward and backward axle journal is installed in the bearing 13 on the cabinet 18 forward and backward walls; The position of main drive shaft 1 is laid in the centre of forward and backward level speed gear, at wall middle part, cabinet 18 back, main drive shaft 1 has one section optical axis to stretch out, and connect with the index dial 15 that has handle 14, in order to handle its forward and backward level gear operation, output shaft 1 axial range ability S, indicate by reading needle dial 16 pointers on the index dial 15, when swing handle 14, two gears on the main drive shaft 1 are its forward and backward gear running of transmission respectively simultaneously: the prime transmission is, driving gear first 2/ follower gear second 5, the speed ratio of previous stage speed change is i ₁And engaged wheel first 4/ output gear 6, the speed ratio of preceding two stage speed change is i ₂Meanwhile, a level transmission in back is, driving gear second 3/ back grade gear 7, and the speed ratio of back one-level speed change is i ₃Main drive shaft 1 rotating speed is ω ₁, output shaft 11 rotating speeds are ω ₂, threaded screw rod 8 rotating speeds are ω ₃, can calculate ratio of gear relation between them according to each gear number of teeth:

ω ₃＝i ₃×ω ₁ (20)

ω ₁＝i ₁×i ₂×ω ₂ (21)

ω ₃＝i ₁×i ₂×i ₃×ω ₂ (22)

As output shaft 11 ω ₂=1 changes, and blade mechanical pitch H equals reference value H ₀The time, calculate when main drive shaft 1 is a commentaries on classics axial translation S of output shaft 11:

$S=\frac{H_0}{i_1\×i_2}---\left(23\right)$

Calculate threaded screw rod (8) pitch t:

$t=\frac{S}{i_3}---\left(24\right)$

Present embodiment blade mechanical pitch reference value H ₀And calculate each gear number of teeth substitution formula (24), (23) on the mechanical pitch measuring equipment:

$t=\frac{10}{2}=5\mathrm{mm}$

$S=\frac{250}{5\×5}=10\mathrm{mm}$

Index dial 15 diameters are Φ 63.66mm, and girth is 200mm, when main drive shaft 11 turns around its axial displacement S=10mm, 15 yards lattice of index dial are pressed decade scaling: S=1mm, 0.1mm, scale division value is respectively 20mm, 2mm at interval on its circumference, and scale division value is very clear, readability.Design according to said structure, output shaft 11 just can be by predetermined spiral trajectory operation under main drive shaft 1 is handled, be the accuracy that guarantees to measure, output shaft 11 and driven gear shaft 11 ' be to be designed to an axle, between concentricity be 0.01mm, be-0.01 with the supporting output shaft 11 cylindrical manufacturing tolerance bands in blade post hole～-0.03mm, surfaceness is Ra1.6 μ m.Fig. 3 is that tested blade is installed the axial location synoptic diagram, output shaft 11 and driven gear shaft 11 ' between a step is arranged, as the axial locating surface that tested blade is installed, driven gear shaft 11 ' axle on be equipped with and cap 22, in order to fix tested blade.Fig. 4 is a tested wing setting angle degree location synoptic diagram, in blade leading edge lower right a wing setting angle locating piece is arranged, and adjusts its height, makes blade outside blade height just in time be in the axle center of output shaft 11.The pillar 24 that clock gauge 26 is installed is fixed on the support 20, crossbeam 25 on it has a springhole, the cylinder of clock gauge 26 partly is installed in the hole, can adjust its working depth, the gauge head of clock gauge 26 is over against tested blade measuring point, its surface level coordinate by output shaft 11 axially: radially be R ± 0.1mm; Be axially apart from blade trailing edge E=2 ± 0.1mm.For eliminating the transmission gear back lash, when the zero-bit before each measurement axis displacement S is provided with, should shake handle 14 counter clockwise, after making cabinet 20 run into front axial location piece 21, clockwise rotate by opposite direction again, make index dial 15 indication zero-bits, main drive shaft 1 is locked with annular knurl clamping screw 17, so tested blade could be installed, carry out surveying work.The driving gear first 2 of blade mechanical pitch measuring equipment gear train transmission gear, driving gear second 3, follower gear first 4, follower gear second 5, output gear 6 and back level gear 7, its number of teeth is respectively: 20,100,20,100,100,50.The job step of this equipment of use is as follows:

1) determine blade measurement radius R position,

R＝0.6R ₀＝35.5mm (6)

2) determine to measure the blade R helix T of place length,

$T=\frac{S}{\cos \mathrm{\α}}=60\mathrm{mm}---\left(7\right)$

3) determine the helixangle of blade R place as measuring basis:

4) when equipment operation, the measurement of helix T is to represent that at axial projection S S numerical value is with it:

$S=\frac{T}{\sin \mathrm{\β}}=44.8\mathrm{mm}---\left(9\right)$

5) read clock gauge 26 at T destination county registration Z, the Z value is blade mechanical pitch H eigenwert,

6) the difference angle γ between calculating α and the β:

$\mathrm{\γ}=\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)---\left(10\right)$

7) calculate tested blade R place pitch angle alpha will:

α＝β-γ (11)

8) calculate tested blade mechanical pitch H:

H＝2πRtgα (12)

Wushu (10), (11) substitution formula (12):

$H=2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(13\right)$

9) the blade mechanical pitch eigenwert Z that 244 blades of experiment are recorded _iSubstitution formula (13) calculates a series of blade mechanical pitch H _i, and line up from small to large by numerical value.

10) sampling: uniform from small to large sampling, quantity be 100 as model, prove as experiment feasibility for all the other 144.

11) calibrating: the whole blade models that will sample are installed in respectively on the propeller type current meter main frame, examine and determine by " calibration method of SL/T150-95 straight line open channel transfer minor current meter " regulated procedure in the straight line open channel, get a series of blade waterpower pitch K _i

12) calculate blade resistance coefficient B according to formula (4):

$B=\frac{K}{H}---\left(14\right)$

13) above-mentioned K _i, H _iSubstitution formula (14) calculates a series of B _i, be to measure and data processing on convenience, when setting up B and H and concern, the eigenwert Z replacement H of usefulness blade mechanical pitch H.Adopt graphical method to find the solution B～Z relation.With the ordinate is B, and horizontal ordinate is Z, the data (B of aforementioned calculation _i, Z _i) be painted on respectively on the grid computation paper, by drawing a straight line in the middle of the point group, straight line meets at ordinate B ₀, B ₀Be the equation of line intercept, its corresponding horizontal ordinate is Z ₀, equation of line slope Q is:

$Q=\frac{B_{\max }-B_0}{Z_{\max }-Z_0}---\left(15\right)$

(B in the formula _Max, Z _Max) be measuring point maximum among the figure, so the equation of the blade resistance coefficient B of match is:

B＝B ₀+QZ (16)

14) try to achieve from figure: B _Max=1.055, Z _Max=3.36mm, B ₀=1.020, Z ₀=0.00mm, substitution formula (15) gets Q=0.01042, so the calculating formula of resistance coefficient B and blade surface geometry pitch eigenwert Z is:

B＝1.020+0.01042Z

15) wushu (13), (16) substitution formula (4) get K:

$K=(B_0+\mathrm{QZ})2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(17\right)$

Order: a=2 π RB ₀B=2 π RQ

Then blade waterpower pitch is calculated general formula:

$K=(a+\mathrm{bZ})\mathrm{tg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)]---\left(18\right)$

16) B ₀, Q, R, β, T substitution formula (18):

17), calculate blade waterpower pitch K the eigenwert Z substitution formula (20) of the blade mechanical pitch H of above-mentioned actual measurement _i, again the waterpower pitch K that calculates _iRespectively with the K that examines and determine by the straight line open channel _0iCompare calculating K _iRelative deviation Δ K/K ₀

Measuring the step of blade mechanical pitch eigenwert Z also can narrate as follows:

1) the axial zero setting of measuring system position.Its step is, by the handle of rocking-turn counterclockwise one circle, make cabinet 18 move 10mm toward the previous crops straight line, be as the criterion to brush up against axial limiting piece 21, change direction then, in the direction of the clock rocking-turn handle 14 1 circles, 15 yards lattice zero sets of index dial, annular knurl clamping screw 17 is tightened, and locking main drive shaft 1 makes output shaft 11 axial zero setting.

2) tested blade is installed.Its step is, the oar post borehole jack of the tested blade of sampling observation on output shaft 11, with and cap 22 screws be screwed into oar post screw, rotate tested blade lobus dexter sheet, trailing edge is shelved on the angle locating piece 23, last, will and cap 22 and tightly.

3) clock gauge reading zero-bit is adjusted.Its step is, clock gauge 26 is contained in crossbeam 25 holes, makes its gauge head measuring on the radius R position, adjusts the measuring height of clock gauge 26, and making indicating value is 3mm, adjusts outer meter dial, and making the pointer indicating value is zero.

4) measure blade mechanical pitch eigenwert Z.Its step is, rocking-turn handle 14 N circle altogether in the direction of the clock, and the N=S/10=4.48 circle makes cabinet 18, also be that tested blade moves as straight line backward, distance is S, S=T/sin β=60/sin48.26 °=44.8mm, at this simultaneously, tested blade rotates an angle Φ in the direction of the clock, Φ=( ^S/ _H) * 360 °=64.47 °, the compound direction that clock gauge 26 gauge heads move along above-mentioned S and Φ, promptly helix T from a to c, reads the clock gauge reading, is tested blade mechanical pitch eigenwert Z.

5) unload blade.Its step is, and the screw of cap 22 from the screw of tested blade, back-out, unload tested blade.

6) measure next tested blade.By above-mentioned 1) to 5) step carries out.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of method of definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer, the propeller type current meter blade separates with main frame, measure blade mechanical pitch H with mechanical means separately, the blade model of sampling is examined and determine the K value with straight line open channel equipment and method under hydrostatic condition, set up K=f (H) relational expression, in view of the above, by measuring H value calculating K value, may further comprise the steps:

1) tested blade is installed on the output shaft, and makes axial and angular range zero setting,

2) gauge head of clock gauge is installed on the tested blade radius R measuring point, and the zeroing position,

3) the axial zero setting of measuring system position,

4) rotate main drive shaft in the direction of the clock, when tested blade moves as straight line, rotate an angle in the direction of the clock backward, the synthetic section helix T of blade radius R place that is of its motion,

5) the clock gauge gauge head is along helix T operation, and destination county reading Z is tested blade mechanical pitch eigenwert,

6) calculate the difference angle γ of tested blade helix angle and reference angle β by the Z value after, can try to achieve its pitch angle alpha will and mechanical pitch H.

2, according to the method for the described definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the computing method in described each step are as follows:

1) determine tested blade radius R position,

2) measure helix T length at tested blade radius R place,

3) determine the helixangle of tested blade radius R place as measuring basis:

$\mathrm{\β}=\mathrm{arctg}\left[\frac{H_0}{2\mathrm{\πR}}\right];$

4) when equipment operation, the measurement of helix T is to represent that at axial projection S S numerical value is with it:

$S=\frac{T}{\sin \mathrm{\β}};$

5) read T destination county clock gauge reading Z, the Z value is blade mechanical pitch H eigenwert,

6) the difference angle γ between calculating α and the β:

$\mathrm{\γ}=\mathrm{arctg}\left[\frac{Z}{T}\right];$

7) calculate tested blade R place pitch angle alpha will:

α＝β-γ；

8) calculate tested blade mechanical pitch H:

H＝2πRtgα；

9) formula $\mathrm{\γ}=\mathrm{arctg}\left[\frac{Z}{T}\right]$ With formula $S=\frac{T}{\sin \mathrm{\β}}$

The substitution formula

H＝2πRtgα，

Get blade surface geometry pitch H:

$H=2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)].$

3, according to the method for the described definite propeller type current meter blade K of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of described each step is as follows:

1) the blade model of sampling is examined and determine the K value in the straight line open channel,

2) calculate blade resistance coefficient B according to following formula:

$B=\frac{K}{H};$

3) by data processing, determine B and Z relational expression:

B＝B ₀+QZ；

4) formula

α=β-γ and formula B=B ₀+ QZ

Substitution formula BH=K gets K:

$K=(B_0+\mathrm{QZ})2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)];$

5) order: a=2 π RB ₀B=2 π RQ

Then: hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer calculates general formula and is:

$K=(a+\mathrm{bZ})\mathrm{tg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)];$

6) B ₀, Q, R, β, T substitution formula

$K=(B_0+\mathrm{QZ})2\mathrm{\πRtg}[\mathrm{\β}-\mathrm{arctg}\left(\frac{Z}{T}\right)],$

Get Practical Formula:

4, the employed equipment of method of the described definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer of a kind of claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with main drive shaft, output shaft, threaded screw rod and variable transmission mechanism, main drive shaft by variable transmission mechanism simultaneously respectively the output shaft of the tested blade of drive installation and with the threaded screw rod that is fixed on pedestal top nut spouse, tested blade measuring point is moved along spiral trajectory.

5, according to the equipment of the described definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer of claim 4, it is characterized in that: on the measuring equipment pedestal, clock gauge is installed, the measuring point of its gauge head on the tested blade radius R.

6, according to the equipment of claim 4 or 5 described definite hydralic pitch K value of propeller hydrodynamometer, it is characterized in that: the point position of tested blade, be provided with axially, radially with height three-dimensional locating device.

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