CN1217897C - Process for synthesizing rare-earth metal alkoxide - Google Patents
Process for synthesizing rare-earth metal alkoxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN1217897C CN1217897C CN 02158776 CN02158776A CN1217897C CN 1217897 C CN1217897 C CN 1217897C CN 02158776 CN02158776 CN 02158776 CN 02158776 A CN02158776 A CN 02158776A CN 1217897 C CN1217897 C CN 1217897C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing rare earth metal alkoxide, which is characterized in that anhyrous rare earth carboxylate used as raw material reacts with alkaline earth metal and low-carbon alcohol in an aromatic benzene solvent; the reaction product is heated to boiling temperature under the protection of high-purity nitrogen which is dried and purified, and a reflux reaction is carried out for 6 to 20 hours to obtain the mixed solution of the rare earth metal alkoxide, the low-carbon alcohol and the benzene solvent; the clear solution in the reaction solution is separated, residues are washed for two times by benzene or other aromatic solvents, the clear washing solution is merged into the clear solution after a reaction to be moved into a round bottom flask, high-purity nitrogen which is dried and purified is led in the round bottom flask for protecting distillation, and the rare earth metal alkoxide is obtained. The rare-earth metal alkoxide prepared by the method has the advantages of high reaction efficiency, high purity and low cost, and has the significance of implementing industrialization.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for synthesizing rare earth metal alkoxide.
Background art:
the rare earth metal alkoxide is an important organic metal compound, and has wide application in inorganic synthesis, organic synthesis, catalysts, nano functional materials and the like. At present, the common method for preparing rare earth metal alkoxide is to react anhydrous rare earth chloride with alkali metal alkoxide to synthesize rare earth metal alkoxide, and US3278571 discloses that anhydrous rare earth chloride is used as a starting material and reacts with alkali metal alkoxide to synthesize rare earth metal alkoxide. The method does not need ammonia catalysis, has no by-product, and has high purity of the target product. However, the sensitivity of anhydrous rare earth chloride to oxygen and moisture not only makes the process of preparing anhydrous rare earth chloride complicated, but also requires a harsher drying environment in the subsequent synthesis process due to the sensitivity of the anhydrous rare earth chloride, so that the industrial production cost is high. US4507245 discloses a synthesis method of rare earth organic carboxylate and alkali metal alkoxide in benzene medium, which avoids the harsh condition of rare earth chloride to drying condition, simplifies the synthesis process, and in the reaction process, one molecule of alkali metal alkoxide provides one moleculeof alkoxy, so that more alkali metal alkoxides are needed for reaction, and the chemical reaction efficiency is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing rare earth metal alkoxide, which has the advantages of simple synthesis process, higher reaction efficiency and lower cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. synthesis of rare earth metal alkoxide: firstly, preparing anhydrous rare earth carboxylate from rare earth soluble inorganic salt or rare earth carbonate, then taking the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate and alkaline earth metal as raw materials, reacting with saturated low-carbon alcohol in an aromatic benzene solvent, heating and refluxing for 6-20 hours at a boiling temperature (55-85 ℃) under the protection of high-purity nitrogen after drying and purifying treatment to obtain a mixed solution of rare earth metal alkoxide, low-carbon alcohol and benzene. The specific reaction equation is as follows:
in the formula: RE represents a lanthanide rare earth element: la, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, etc. M represents: an alkaline earth metal; ROH represents a lower alcohol;
separating out supernatant liquor in the reaction product mixed solution, washing the residue with benzene or other aromatic solvents, merging the washing supernatant liquor into the supernatant liquor after the reaction, and introducing high-purity nitrogen gas subjected to drying and purification treatment for protection and distillation to obtain the rare earth metal alkoxide.
The above alkaline earth metals are: metal magnesium and metal calcium simple substance.
The saturated lower alcohol used in the synthesis process is methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol; the aromatic benzene solvent is benzene, toluene, xylene, or trimethylbenzene.
The anhydrous rare earth carboxylate refers to lanthanide series rare earth metal anhydrous carboxylate, and lanthanide series rare earth metal elements comprise La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu.
The anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is prepared by preparing rare earth hydroxide from soluble rare earth inorganic salt and reacting with anhydrous carboxylic acid. Or the rare earth carbonate can be directly dissolved by anhydrous carboxylic acid and then added with benzene for azeotropic distillation.
The anhydrous rare earth carboxylate refers to anhydrous formate, anhydrous acetate and anhydrous propionate.
The synthesis reaction temperature is the temperature after alkaline earth metal is added into a reactor, mixed with a liquid reagent and heated to boil. After the reaction is finished, the distillation temperature of the mixed solution of the product and the solvent under the protection of high-purity nitrogen for drying and purifying treatment is the boiling point of the mixed solution of the selected solvent and the excessive reactant lower alcohol.
The invention has the following effects: the alkaline earth metal alkoxide is used for providing alkoxy, and the chemical structure characteristics of the alkaline earth metal alkoxide are utilized, so that one molecular equivalent of the alkaline earth metal alkoxide can provide two molecular equivalents of alkoxy groups in the reaction process, and the method has the advantages of raw material cost control and higher reaction efficiency. In addition, the method is applicable to the preparation of all lanthanide series rare earth metal alkoxides, and has more positive significance to the industrialization of products.
Detailed Description
The synthesis preparation method of the rare earth metal alkoxide provided by the invention starts from the synthesis preparation of anhydrous rare earth carboxylate, and then the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is directly used for synthesizing the rare earth metal alkoxide, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
1. preparation of anhydrous rare earth carboxylate
Dissolving soluble rare earth inorganic acid salt in deionized water to prepare solution with a certain concentration, wherein the concentration is generally 1 x 10-3About 1.0mol/L, adding ammonia water with the mass concentration of 25% in excess to generate rare earth hydroxide precipitate, filtering and washing the precipitate to be neutral (pH is 6.0-7.0) by deionized water, and detecting no Cl by silver nitrate solution-1Drying in oven at 80-100 deg.c in the presence of ion. The reaction process involved in this step is as follows:
wherein RE represents a lanthanide rare earth element: la, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, etc. The soluble rare earth inorganic acid salt is rare earth chloride, rare earth sulfate, nitrate and other soluble rare earth inorganic salts.
Preparing anhydrous rare earth carboxylate: the resulting dried rare earth hydroxide powder is dissolved with a certain amount of anhydrous carboxylic acid. Distilling off excessive carboxylic acid, then adding benzene for azeotropic distillation to remove trace water contained in the carboxylic acid, and finally obtaining the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate. The reaction process involved in this step is as follows:
wherein the anhydrous organic carboxylic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid.
2. Synthesis of rare earth metal alkoxide:
anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is used as a raw material, reacts with alkaline earth metal and low-carbon alcohol in an aromatic benzene solvent system, is heated to boiling temperature (55-85 ℃) under the protection of high-purity nitrogen after drying and purifying treatment, and is subjected to reflux reaction for 6-10 hours to obtain a mixed solution of the rare earth metal alkoxide, the alcohol and the benzene. The specific reaction equation is as follows:
in the formula: RE represents a lanthanide rare earth element: la, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, etc.; m represents an alkaline earth metal; ROH represents a fatty alcohol.
In the above reaction, the alkaline earth metal is preferably magnesium metal or calcium metal; the lower alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol; the aromatic benzene solvent is benzene, toluene, xylene, or trimethylbenzene.
Wherein the reaction time is determined according to the reactivity of different alcohols and metal particles, such as calcium metal, methanol with higher reactivity is about 5.5-6.5 hours, ethanol is about 7.5-8.5 hours, and isopropanol is about 9-20 hours. The reaction temperature varies (55 ℃ to 85 ℃) depending on the boiling point of the solvent used.
Separating out supernatant liquor in the reaction product mixed solution, washing residues with benzene or other aromatic solvents twice, merging the washing supernatant liquor into the reacted supernatant liquor, transferring the supernatant liquor into a round-bottom flask, introducing high-purity nitrogen subjected to drying and purifying treatment for protection and distillation to obtain the rare earth metal alkoxide.
The anhydrous rare earth carboxylate in the embodiment of the invention can be prepared by directly dissolving the rare earth carbonate with anhydrous carboxylic acid and then adding benzene for azeotropic distillation.
The liquid chemical reagents used in all the processes in the implementation process of the invention are CaH2Soaking for 12h for dehydration treatment, and then distilling and storing in a dryer for standby. And since rare earth alkoxides are very sensitive to moisture, all glass instruments used for synthesis are baked at 105 ℃ for 12 hours to remove trace moisture. Method of the inventionThe method is suitable for preparing all lanthanide rare earth metal alkoxide, namely lanthanide rare earth metal elements such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and the like.
Example 1:
weighing a certain amount of rare earth samarium chloride (SmCl)3·6H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain 0.5mol/L solution, adding 5% excessive ammonia water (25 wt.%) to precipitate, stirring, centrifuging to separate precipitate, and washing with water until no Cl is formed-1And drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 12 h. Dissolving the obtained dried rare earth samarium hydroxide with excessive acetic acid, distilling out the excessive acetic acid, and adding about 100ml of benzene for azeotropic distillation to remove trace moisture to obtain the anhydrous rare earth acetate. Taking 5.0g of anhydrous rare earth samarium acetate, 0.916g of calcium metal (according to stoichiometric ratio) and CaH220ml of dehydrated methanol and 100ml of benzene are mixed, heated to 59.5 ℃ under the reflux state for 6 hours of reaction, cooled and stood, centrifuged to separate the upper layer of light yellow clear liquid, washed twice by the benzene, the washing liquid and the upper layer of light yellow clear liquid are mixed and then added into a flask together, and the redundant solvent and unreacted methanol are distilled out under the protection of high-purity nitrogen gas after drying and purification treatment, so that 3.142g of light yellow methanol samarium solid is obtained, and the theoretical yield is 84.54%.
Example 2:
weighing a certain amount of rare earth praseodymium carbonate Pr2(CO3)3After dissolving with excessive acetic acid, distilling out the excessive acetic acid, adding about 100ml of benzene for azeotropic distillation to remove trace moisture to obtain the anhydrous rare earth praseodymium acetate. 5.0g of anhydrous rare earth praseodymium acetate, 0.943g of metal calcium (according to the stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of ethanol and 100ml of benzene are mixed, heated to 70 ℃ in a reflux state and reacted for about 8 hours, the same post-treatment steps as the example 1 are adopted, and 1.961g of light green praseodymium acetate ethanol is obtained, and the yield is 45.2% according to the theoretical calculation.
Example 3: the same procedure for preparing anhydrous rare earth samarium acetate as in example 1 was adopted, 5.0g of anhydrous rare earth samarium acetate was mixed with 0.916g of calcium metal (in stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of isopropyl alcohol, and 100ml of toluene, heated to 80 ℃ to react for about 10 hours, and the same post-treatment procedure as in example 1 was adopted to obtain 2.985g of pale yellow samarium isopropoxide in atheoretical yield of 59.74%.
Example 4: the same procedure for the preparation of anhydrous rare earth samarium acetate as in example 1 was used, 5.000g of anhydrous rare earth samarium acetate was mixed with 0.555g of magnesium metal (in stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of methanol and 100ml of benzene, and heated to 59.5 ℃ under reflux to react for 18 hours, and the same post-treatment procedure as in example 1 was used to obtain 3.109g of pale yellow samarium methoxide in a theoretical yield of 83.67%.
Example 5: weighing a certain amount of rare earth neodymium chloride NdCl3·6H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain 0.5mol/L solution, adding 5% excessive ammonia water (25 wt.%) to precipitate, stirring, centrifuging to separate precipitate, and washing with water until no Cl is formed-1And drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 hours. Dissolving the obtained dry rare earth neodymium hydroxide with excessive acetic acid, distilling out the excessive acetic acid, and adding about 100ml of benzene for azeotropic distillation to remove trace moisture to obtain the anhydrous rare earth neodymium acetate. Mixing 5.00g of anhydrous rare earth neodymium acetate with 0.933g of metal calcium (according to the stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of methanol and 100ml of benzene, heating the mixture to 59.5 ℃ for about 6 hours under the reflux state, and adopting the same post-treatment steps as example 1, 3.183g of pale purple neodymium methanol is obtained, and the theoretical yield is 86.25%.
Example 6: weighing a certain amount of rare earth lanthanum carbonate La2(CO3)3Dissolving with excessive acetic acid, distilling off excessive acetic acid, adding about 100ml benzene, azeotropic distilling to remove trace water to obtain anhydrous rare earth lanthanum acetate. Mixing 5.00g of anhydrous rare earth lanthanum acetate with 0.949g of metallic calcium (by stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of methanol and 100ml of benzene, heating and reacting the mixture to 60 ℃ for about 6 hours under reflux, and adopting the same post-treatment steps as in example 1 to obtain 3.144g of white lanthanum methoxide, wherein the yield is 85.72% according to theory.
Example 7: the same procedure for preparing anhydrous rare earth praseodymium acetate as in example 2 was used, 5.00g of anhydrous rare earth praseodymium acetate was mixed with 0.943g of calcium metal (in stoichiometric ratio), 20ml of methanol and 100ml of benzene, and the mixture was heated under reflux to 60 ℃ for about 6 hours to obtain 3.141g of pale green praseodymium methanol in a theoretical yield of 85.42% by the same post-treatment procedure as in example 1.
Claims (4)
1. A method for synthesizing rare earth metal alkoxide takes anhydrous rare earth carboxylate as a raw material, and is characterized in that: reacting anhydrous rare earth carboxylate with alkaline earth metal simple substance and low carbon alcohol in aromatic benzene solvent, heating to boiling temperature under the protection of high-purity nitrogen gas after drying and purifying treatment, carrying out reflux reaction for 6-20 hours, separating supernatant in reaction product mixed solution, washing residues with benzene, merging washing supernatant into reacted supernatant, introducing high-purity nitrogen gas after drying and purifying treatment for protection distillation to obtain rare earth metal alkoxide, wherein the rare earth metal in the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is lanthanide rare earth metal: la, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, wherein the low-carbon alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol, and the alkaline earth metal is metal magnesium and metal calcium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the aromatic benzene solvent is benzene, toluene, xylene, or trimethylbenzene.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is prepared by preparing rare earth hydroxide from soluble rare earth inorganic salt and reacting with anhydrous carboxylic acid, or is prepared by directly dissolving rare earth carbonate with anhydrous carboxylic acid and then adding benzene for azeotropic distillation.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous rare earth carboxylate is anhydrous formate, anhydrous acetate, anhydrous propionate.
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