CN121663198A - Multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface pair reflection - Google Patents
Multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface pair reflectionInfo
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- CN121663198A CN121663198A CN202511641381.6A CN202511641381A CN121663198A CN 121663198 A CN121663198 A CN 121663198A CN 202511641381 A CN202511641381 A CN 202511641381A CN 121663198 A CN121663198 A CN 121663198A
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Abstract
本发明涉及微波器件技术领域，提供一种基于频率选择表面副反的多频段高增益反射面天线，包括主反射面、带有频率选择表面的副反射面、副反支撑杆和馈源装置；副反射面通过若干副反支撑杆与主反射面固定连接；副反射面由中心旋转椭圆面与环形频率选择表面一体加工组成；馈源装置布置于副反射面的后焦区；SC宽带馈源阵列通过宽带SC合成网络与射频信号输入端连接，用于S/C频段的宽带辐射；Ku/K/EHF馈源系统通过多频波导网络与射频信号输入端连接，用于Ku、K及EHF频段信号的发射与接收。通过在副反射面边缘引入频率选择表面结构，并结合嵌套式Ku/K/EHF多频馈源系统与正交极化布局，实现多频段共馈、高效率辐射与结构紧凑化设计，特别适用于空间紧凑的卫星通信。
This invention relates to the field of microwave device technology, and provides a multi-band high-gain reflector antenna based on a frequency-selective surface sub-reflector. The antenna includes a main reflector, a sub-reflector with a frequency-selective surface, sub-reflector support rods, and a feed device. The sub-reflector is fixedly connected to the main reflector via several sub-reflector support rods. The sub-reflector is integrally formed by a central rotating elliptical surface and a ring-shaped frequency-selective surface. The feed device is arranged in the rear focal region of the sub-reflector. An SC broadband feed array is connected to the RF signal input terminal through a broadband SC synthesizer network for broadband radiation in the S/C band. A Ku/K/EHF feed system is connected to the RF signal input terminal through a multi-frequency waveguide network for transmitting and receiving Ku, K, and EHF band signals. By introducing a frequency-selective surface structure at the edge of the sub-reflector and combining it with a nested Ku/K/EHF multi-frequency feed system and orthogonal polarization layout, multi-band co-feeding, high-efficiency radiation, and a compact structural design are achieved, making it particularly suitable for space-constrained satellite communications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave devices, in particular to a multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface side reflection, which is suitable for a communication antenna for transmitting SC frequency band, ku frequency band, K frequency band and EHF frequency band of a high-orbit satellite.
Background
The reflection surface antenna is widely applied to satellite communication due to the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, high reliability and the like, however, along with the expansion of communication frequency to higher frequency bands such as Ku, K, EHF and the like and the rapid development of miniaturized satellite platforms, the traditional reflection surface antenna structure gradually exposes limitations in the aspects of compactness, frequency band compatibility and radiation efficiency maintenance, and is difficult to simultaneously meet the engineering requirements of multi-frequency band sharing and miniaturized integration.
The traditional reflector antenna generally depends on radiation characteristics and tapered angle design of a feed source to realize high-efficiency irradiation of a main reflector, when the antenna works in a low frequency band, in order to ensure irradiation uniformity and caliber irradiation efficiency, the caliber size of the feed source needs to be correspondingly increased, so that the occupation of focal area space is obviously increased, the arrangement difficulty is higher in a limited reflector structure range, and electromagnetic shielding and installation interference problems are easy to generate. For a reflecting surface working in multiple frequency bands, the feed source needs to meet the requirements of beam coning, impedance matching and phase of different frequency bands simultaneously, the structural design is complex, and high-efficiency radiation performance is difficult to maintain in each frequency band. When the caliber of the reflecting surface is larger, the size and the space of the feed area can be widened to accommodate the multi-frequency feed network, but under the limited conditions of a miniaturized satellite platform and the like, the caliber of the reflecting surface is limited by the size of the platform, and the integrated arrangement of the large-caliber feed source and the multi-channel feed network is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface side reflection, which increases the side reflection size by increasing the frequency selective surface on the side opposite edge, increases the primary reflection on the low frequency part of a composite feed source, reduces the tapering requirement of the low frequency feed source, reduces the size of the low frequency feed source, simultaneously allows the high frequency electromagnetic wave to penetrate through the frequency selective surface, and reduces the influence on high frequency radiation. Through designing a nested network, the Ku, K and EHF frequency bands are nested, the size of a feed network is reduced, the layout under a smaller caliber is facilitated, meanwhile, through polarization diversity, the coupling among various frequency bands is reduced, the design of an isolation network is saved, the compact design of a small caliber reflecting surface is realized, and in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface secondary reflection, which comprises a main reflecting surface, a secondary reflecting surface with a frequency selective surface, a secondary reflecting rod and a feed source device, wherein,
The auxiliary reflecting surface is formed by integrally processing a central rotating elliptical surface and an annular frequency selective surface, wherein the rotating elliptical surface is used for reflecting high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the annular frequency selective surface is used for reflecting low-frequency electromagnetic waves and does not influence the transmission of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves;
The feed source device is arranged in a back focal region of the secondary reflecting surface and is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves to the secondary reflecting surface, the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted to the primary reflecting surface through the secondary reflecting surface and are converged by the primary reflecting surface and radiate along the front direction of the antenna, the feed source device comprises an SC broadband feed source array, a broadband SC synthesis network and a Ku/K/EHF feed source system, the SC broadband feed source array is connected with a radio frequency signal input end through the broadband SC synthesis network and is used for broadband radiation of an S/C frequency band, and the Ku/K/EHF feed source system is connected with the radio frequency signal input end through a multi-frequency waveguide network and is used for transmitting and receiving signals of Ku, K and EHF frequency bands.
Further, the main reflecting surface is of a rotary paraboloid structure, and the reflecting surface of the main reflecting surface faces the auxiliary reflecting surface and is used for receiving electromagnetic waves reflected by the auxiliary reflecting surface and converging the electromagnetic waves to radiate along the front direction of the antenna.
Further, the auxiliary reflecting surface is made of metal, the annular frequency selective surface and the rotary elliptical surface are coaxially arranged, a stepped transition structure is formed at the joint, the transition height difference is u, and u is a positive real number larger than zero,
The annular frequency selective surface is of a planar annular structure, the inner edge of the annular frequency selective surface is connected with the outer edge of the rotary elliptical surface, the outer edge of the annular frequency selective surface is the outer edge of the auxiliary reflecting surface, and two rows of periodic through hole arrays distributed at equal intervals along the annular direction are arranged in the middle of the annular frequency selective surface.
Further, the main body of the auxiliary counter support rod is an elliptic section rod body structure made of carbon fiber materials, and titanium alloy joints are arranged at two ends of the auxiliary counter support rod and used for fixedly connecting the auxiliary counter support rod with the main reflecting surface and the auxiliary reflecting surface respectively.
Further, the SC broadband feed source array consists of two SC array elements, the SC array elements are broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antennas, the SC array elements are arranged on two sides of the Ku/K/EHF feed source system and are located at the focal position of the reflecting surface together with the Ku/K/EHF feed source system, and the SC broadband feed source array elements are connected with a broadband SC composite network through two high-frequency cables.
Further, the waveguide end of the broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna is positioned below and connected with the broadband SC synthesis network, and the horn mouth is positioned above and is arranged towards the auxiliary reflecting surface, wherein the broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna is of an axisymmetric conical structure, the length direction expands from the waveguide end to the horn mouth, and a mutually symmetric double-ridge structure is arranged inside and used for broadband matching of S/C frequency bands.
Further, the Ku/K/EHF feed system comprises a Ku/K/EHF feed broadband feed, a Ku coupling network, a K coupling network and an EHF network, and the Ku/K/EHF feed broadband feed is of a multi-frequency common waveguide structure and is used for realizing common feed transmission of signals of Ku, K and EHF frequency bands in a main feed channel.
Further, in a Ku/K/EHF feed system,
The Ku coupling network is formed by sequentially connecting a group of Ku broadband coupling devices, two Ku filtering components and a Ku frequency band broadband synthesis component, is arranged in a portal structure and is placed in parallel with an SC array, and is a horizontally polarized wave along the Y-axis direction of a feed source coordinate system, and the waveguide outlet direction is parallel to the X-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system;
The K coupling network comprises a K broadband coupling device and a K broadband synthesis component which are sequentially connected through waveguides, is in a portal structure, is orthogonal to the Ku coupling network in arrangement direction, is vertically arranged with the SC array, is vertically polarized along the X-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system, and is arranged along the Y-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system in the waveguide outlet direction;
The EHF network is arranged at the lower end of the main feed source channel and is coaxially connected with the main feed source channel through a waveguide flange, the EHF network is of a waveguide transformation section structure, a round waveguide is transformed into a BJ400 standard rectangular waveguide port, and the direction of a waveguide outlet is along the X-axis direction of a feed source coordinate system and is a horizontally polarized wave.
Further, the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source is of a multimode horn structure and comprises a conical circular waveguide section, a straight waveguide section and a conical circular horn section which are sequentially connected, and the phase center of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source is located at the focal position of the axis of the reflecting surface;
further, the Ku coupling network is arranged orthogonally to the K network and is located at the axial front end of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source, and the K coupling network is located at the axial rear end of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following technical effects:
By introducing a frequency selective surface structure at the edge of the secondary reflecting surface and combining a nested Ku/K/EHF multi-frequency feed system and orthogonal polarization layout, the design of multi-frequency-band co-feeding, high-efficiency radiation and compact structure is realized. The nested feed source structure effectively reduces the complexity of a feed network size and an isolation network through coaxial co-feed and polarization separation of Ku, K and EHF frequency bands, and combines the design of a broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn array to ensure that the antenna can still realize multi-frequency sharing and high-gain output from S/C to EHF under 0.9m caliber. The practical measurement result shows that the S/C frequency band efficiency can reach 30% -40%, the high frequency band (Ku, K, EHF) efficiency is about 55%, the efficiency is remarkably superior to the low frequency efficiency of 10% -20% of the traditional composite reflecting surface antenna, and the comprehensive advantages of compact structure, frequency band compatibility and high radiation efficiency are embodied
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a multi-band high gain reflector antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a secondary reflective surface with a frequency selective surface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an SC broadband feed array in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a Ku/K/EHF feed system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an S-band gain measured radiation pattern in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the radiation pattern for gain measurement in the C-band in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of measured radiation pattern for Ku band gain in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the radiation pattern measured for K-band gain in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of EHF band gain measurement in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1, A main reflecting surface, 2, a secondary reflecting surface, 2-1, a rotating elliptical surface, 2-2, an annular frequency selective surface, 3, a secondary supporting rod, 4, an SC broadband feed source array, 4-1, a double-ridge structure, 5, a broadband SC composite network, 6, a Ku/K/EHF feed source system, 6-1, a Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source, 6-2, a Ku coupling network, 6-2, 1, a Ku broadband coupling device, 6-2, a Ku filter assembly, 6-3:K, a 6-3, 1:K broadband coupling device, 6-3, 2:K broadband composite assembly and 6-4, EHF network.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention.
First embodiment
The invention provides a multi-band high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface secondary reflection, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a main reflecting surface, a secondary reflecting surface with a frequency selective surface, a secondary reflecting rod and a feed source device, wherein,
The auxiliary reflecting surface is formed by integrally processing a central rotating elliptical surface and an annular frequency selective surface, wherein the rotating elliptical surface is used for reflecting high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the annular frequency selective surface is used for reflecting low-frequency electromagnetic waves and does not influence the transmission of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves;
The feed source device is arranged in a back focal region of the secondary reflecting surface and is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves to the secondary reflecting surface, the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted to the primary reflecting surface through the secondary reflecting surface and are converged by the primary reflecting surface and radiate along the front direction of the antenna, the feed source device comprises an SC broadband feed source array, a broadband SC synthesis network and a Ku/K/EHF feed source system, the SC broadband feed source array is connected with a radio frequency signal input end through the broadband SC synthesis network and is used for broadband radiation of an S/C frequency band, and the Ku/K/EHF feed source system is connected with the radio frequency signal input end through a multi-frequency waveguide network and is used for transmitting and receiving signals of Ku, K and EHF frequency bands.
Further, the main reflecting surface is of a rotary paraboloid structure, and the reflecting surface of the main reflecting surface faces the auxiliary reflecting surface and is used for receiving electromagnetic waves reflected by the auxiliary reflecting surface and converging the electromagnetic waves to radiate along the front direction of the antenna.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the multiband high-gain reflecting surface antenna based on frequency selective surface side reflection mainly comprises a main reflecting surface (1), a side reflecting surface (2) with a frequency selective surface, a side reflecting rod (3), an SC broadband feed source array (4), a broadband SC composite network (5) and a Ku/K/EHF feed source system (6). The main reflecting surface (1) adopts a rotary paraboloid structure, the reflecting surface of the main reflecting surface is arranged towards the auxiliary reflecting surface and is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source device and reflected or transmitted by the auxiliary reflecting surface, the diameter of the main reflecting surface is dMain inverse=900 mm, the focal length is f=240 mm, the focal diameter ratio is moderate, and the high-frequency beam focusing and the low-frequency illumination efficiency can be both considered.
The auxiliary reflecting surface (2) is fixedly connected with the main reflecting surface (1) through a plurality of auxiliary counter supporting rods (3) and is integrally arranged in a front focal zone of the main reflecting surface, the auxiliary reflecting surface is integrally formed by a central rotating elliptical surface and an annular frequency selective surface, the rotating elliptical surface is mainly used for reflecting high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the annular frequency selective surface is used for realizing electromagnetic selective separation of low-frequency reflection and high-frequency transmission. The feed source device is positioned at the center of the back focal region of the secondary reflecting surface and comprises SC broadband feed source arrays (4) at two sides and a Ku/K/EHF feed source system (6) at the middle part, and the SC broadband feed source arrays and the Ku/K/EHF feed source system are connected with the radio frequency signal input end through a broadband SC synthesis network (5). The SC broadband feed source array (4) is used for broadband radiation of S/C frequency bands, and the Ku/K/EHF feed source system (6) is used for co-feeding transmission and reception of signals of the Ku, K and EHF frequency bands. Through the structural layout, the main reflecting surface and the auxiliary reflecting surface and the feed source system form compact and high-efficiency electromagnetic coupling in a focal region, so that multi-band sharing and high-gain output are realized.
Further, the auxiliary reflecting surface is made of metal, the annular frequency selective surface and the rotary elliptical surface are coaxially arranged, a stepped transition structure is formed at the joint, the transition height difference is u, and u is a positive real number larger than zero,
The annular frequency selective surface is of a planar annular structure, the inner edge of the annular frequency selective surface is connected with the outer edge of the rotary elliptical surface, the outer edge of the annular frequency selective surface is the outer edge of the auxiliary reflecting surface, and two rows of periodic through hole arrays distributed at equal intervals along the annular direction are arranged in the middle of the annular frequency selective surface.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a detailed structure diagram of a secondary reflecting surface (2), specifically, the secondary reflecting surface is integrally formed by a central rotating elliptical surface and an annular frequency selective surface, wherein the rotating elliptical surface (2-1) is a three-dimensional curved surface generated by rotating an ellipse around the axis of the secondary reflecting surface, and the equivalent caliber diameter is dellipse=100 mm, so that reflection and wave front shaping of high-frequency and low-frequency electromagnetic waves are realized. The annular frequency selection surface (2-2) is of a planar annular structure, the inner diameter of the annular frequency selection surface is connected with the edge of the rotary elliptical surface, namely dInd=100 mm, the outer diameter of the annular frequency selection surface is dParafunction=200 mm, and two rows of periodic through hole arrays uniformly distributed along the annular direction are arranged in the middle of the annular frequency selection surface and are used for realizing low-frequency reflection and high-frequency transmission. The inner row of through holes are uniformly distributed at an angle interval of 22.5 degrees, the circle centers of the through holes are positioned on an arc with the diameter of d inner row=124 mm, the outer row of through holes are uniformly distributed at an angle interval of 18 degrees, and the circle centers of the through holes are positioned on an arc with the diameter of d outer row=168 mm. The two rows of vias together form an annular frequency selective array. In order to improve electromagnetic coupling performance and improve phase uniformity of high-frequency transmission waves, the annular frequency selection surface (2-2) is lifted by a height difference u=5mm along the axis direction of the auxiliary reflection surface relative to the rotary elliptical surface (2-1), so that a stepped transition structure is formed, and double optimization of mechanical stability and electromagnetic response is realized.
Further, the main body of the auxiliary counter support rod is an elliptic section rod body structure made of carbon fiber materials, and titanium alloy joints are arranged at two ends of the auxiliary counter support rod and used for fixedly connecting the auxiliary counter support rod with the main reflecting surface and the auxiliary reflecting surface respectively.
Further, the SC broadband feed source array consists of two SC array elements, the SC array elements are broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antennas, the SC array elements are arranged on two sides of the Ku/K/EHF feed source system and are located at the focal position of the reflecting surface together with the Ku/K/EHF feed source system, and the SC broadband feed source array elements are connected with a broadband SC composite network through two high-frequency cables.
Further, the waveguide end of the broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna is positioned below and connected with the broadband SC synthesis network, and the horn mouth is positioned above and is arranged towards the auxiliary reflecting surface, wherein the broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna is of an axisymmetric conical structure, the length direction expands from the waveguide end to the horn mouth, and a mutually symmetric double-ridge structure is arranged inside and used for broadband matching of S/C frequency bands.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the SC broadband feed source array (4) is composed of two SC arrays, which are respectively arranged at two sides of the Ku/K/EHF feed source system, and the three are located at the focus of the main reflecting surface together, so as to realize broadband radiation and reception of the S/C frequency band. Each SC array adopts a broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna (4-1) structure, the waveguide end of the broadband ridge waveguide shaped horn antenna (4-1) is positioned below and is electrically connected with a broadband SC synthesis network through a waveguide interface, and the horn mouth is positioned above and is arranged towards the direction of the auxiliary reflecting surface. The horn antenna is integrally in an axisymmetric conical structure, the length direction gradually expands from the waveguide end to the horn mouth, and two mutually symmetric ridge structures are arranged in the horn antenna to form stable TEM and TE mixed mode transmission, so that broadband impedance matching and high-gain radiation of S/C frequency bands are realized. The horn antenna has the advantages that the lower opening size of the horn antenna is I bottom, the upper opening size of the horn antenna is I top, the height of the horn antenna is h, the ridge structure is gradually unfolded along the axis direction of the waveguide to achieve good mode conversion and radiation directivity, and the waveguide end of the antenna is connected with a broadband SC synthesis network (5) through a high-frequency cable to achieve synthesis and feed of multi-array element signals.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the Ku/K/EHF feed source system comprises a Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source, a Ku coupling network, a K coupling network and an EHF network, and the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source is of a multi-frequency shared waveguide structure and is used for realizing the shared feed transmission of Ku, K and EHF frequency band signals in a main feed source channel.
Further, in a Ku/K/EHF feed system,
The Ku coupling network is formed by sequentially connecting a group of Ku broadband coupling devices, two Ku filtering components and a Ku frequency band broadband synthesis component, is arranged in a portal structure and is placed in parallel with an SC array, and is a horizontally polarized wave along the Y-axis direction of a feed source coordinate system, and the waveguide outlet direction is parallel to the X-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system;
The K coupling network comprises a K broadband coupling device and a K broadband synthesis component which are sequentially connected through waveguides, is in a portal structure, is orthogonal to the Ku coupling network in arrangement direction, is vertically arranged with the SC array, is vertically polarized along the X-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system, and is arranged along the Y-axis direction of the feed source coordinate system in the waveguide outlet direction;
The EHF network is arranged at the lower end of the main feed source channel and is coaxially connected with the main feed source channel through a waveguide flange, the EHF network is of a waveguide transformation section structure, a round waveguide is transformed into a BJ400 standard rectangular waveguide port, and the direction of a waveguide outlet is along the X-axis direction of a feed source coordinate system and is a horizontally polarized wave.
Further, the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source is of a multimode horn structure and comprises a conical circular waveguide section, a straight waveguide section and a conical circular horn section which are sequentially connected, and the phase center of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source is located at the focal position of the axis of the reflecting surface;
further, the Ku coupling network is arranged orthogonally to the K network and is located at the axial front end of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source, and the K coupling network is located at the axial rear end of the Ku/K/EHF feed source broadband feed source.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5-9, the actual measurement results of the frequency selective surface sub-compact type high-gain multi-band reflector antenna show that the antenna can generate higher gain in five separate frequency bands (SC frequency band: 2-7 GHz, ku frequency band: 12-14 GHz; K frequency band: 17-22 GHz; EHF: 40-46 GHz). The antenna has an axial gain of 22 in S frequency band, an efficiency of 40%, an axial gain of 32 in C frequency band, an axial gain of 39 in Ku frequency band, an efficiency of 55%, an axial gain of 41.8 in K frequency band, an axial gain of 55% and an axial gain of 51 in EHF frequency band, and an efficiency of 65%. Through carding the high-frequency band gain, the frequency selection surface only plays a positive role in improving the efficiency of the low frequency band, has no influence on the high-frequency band gain, and realizes the high-efficiency work of multiple frequency bands including the low frequency band.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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