CN1214986C - Process for preparing nanometer zirconium dioxide powder by hydrolyzing zirconium oxynitrate - Google Patents

Process for preparing nanometer zirconium dioxide powder by hydrolyzing zirconium oxynitrate Download PDF

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CN1214986C
CN1214986C CN 03109840 CN03109840A CN1214986C CN 1214986 C CN1214986 C CN 1214986C CN 03109840 CN03109840 CN 03109840 CN 03109840 A CN03109840 A CN 03109840A CN 1214986 C CN1214986 C CN 1214986C
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zirconium dioxide
carbon nano
powder
zirconium
zirconyl nitrate
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CN1482065A (en
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罗天勇
梁彤祥
李辰砂
符晓铭
唐春和
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a technology for preparing nanometer zirconium dioxide powder by hydrolyzing zirconium oxynitrate, which belongs to the technical field of chemical raw materials and nuclear fuel preparing technologies. Carbon nanotubes are added in a water solution of concentrated zirconium oxynitrate, and after the processes of refluxing, drying and sintering, 7 to 20 nanometers of zirconium dioxide nanometer powder is obtained. The technology for preparing nanometer zirconium dioxide powder by hydrolyzing zirconium oxynitrate has the advantages of simple technology and filtration saving, and stable cubic phases can be obtained under low temperature by a washing process. The obtained zirconium dioxide nanometer powder can be widely used for fabricating piezoelectric elements, ceramic capacitors, gas sensitive elements, solid electrolyte batteries, ceramic engines of internal combustion engines, optical glass, zirconium dioxide fibers, zirconium catalysts, etc.

Description

Process for preparing zirconium dioxide nano powder by hydrolyzing zirconyl nitrate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical raw material preparation, and particularly relates to a process for preparing zirconium dioxide nano powder by hydrolyzing zirconyl nitrate.
Background
Zirconium dioxide has excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance and plasticity, and is an important basic raw material in the field of new materials. The superfine zirconium dioxide powder with high purity, superfine performance and uniform dispersion performance can be used as a raw material for preparing toughened ceramics with high strength, high toughness and excellent plasticity. By utilizing the semiconductor oxide characteristics of zirconium dioxide in oxygen atmosphere, the superfine powder of zirconium dioxide can also be used for manufacturing functional ceramic materials such as chemical sensors and the like. The superfine zirconia powder is one kind of catalyst carrier with excellent application foreground and has special active phase action and chemical property higher than that of gamma-Al carrier2O3Silica gel is more inert, and has both acidity and alkalinity and oxidation-reduction property, and the prepared catalyst has outstanding activity and selectivity.
Zirconium dioxide has different crystalline phases in different temperature ranges, is monoclinic at room temperature, starts to appear tetragonal phase when the temperature is raised to over 1000 ℃, and gradually takes the tetragonal phase as the main phase, and is transformed into cubic phase at over 2300 ℃. When the temperature of the sample is lowered, since the cubic phase and the tetragonal phase are metastable at room temperature, a phase transition occurs from the cubic phase or the tetragonal phase to a monoclinic phase. Zirconium dioxide of different structures has different properties, and also volume expansion occurs during phase transformation due to the high density of the cubic phase compared to the tetragonal phase, and thus it is necessary to control the crystal phase of zirconium oxide.
The zirconium dioxide ultrafine powder is prepared by a liquid phase synthesis method such as a precipitation method, a sol-gel method, a hydrothermal synthesis method, a microemulsion method, a vapor phase hydrolysis method, or a cracking method of an organic compound. Wherein the hydrolysis precipitation method is carried out by boiling the zirconium salt solution for a long timeLiquid, volatile acid HCl or HNO generated by hydrolysis3The evaporation is continued and the hydrolysis equilibrium is shifted to the right as follows:
filtering, washing, drying and calcining to obtain ZrO2And (3) powder. The process flow is as follows:
the zirconium salt solution is hydrolyzed, precipitated (boiling for 48 hours at 100 ℃), filtered, washed and dried (100-120℃)ZrO) is calcined (700-900 ℃) to obtain ZrO2Powder of which ZrOCl2The concentration is controlled to be 0.2-0.3 mol/L. The method has the advantages of simple operation and the disadvantages of long reaction time (more than48 hours), large energy consumption and agglomeration of the obtained powder. See literature: huangyuexing et al, characteristics of hydrous zirconia gels prepared by different processes, silicates bulletin, 1993, 5: 32 to 37; the patent: kato, Etsu (Nissan chemical industries Ltd.). Powder of synthetic resinous particles and processes for producing the m, United States Patent: 4,873,064, respectively; the methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the methods of the present invention, Obitsuet (Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd.). Process for manufacturing a Finezierium oxide powder, United States Patent: 4,985,229.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for preparing zirconium dioxide nano powder by hydrolyzing zirconyl nitrate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding carbon nano tubes into a concentrated zirconyl nitrate aqueous solution, heating and boiling, utilizing hydroxylation of nitric acid on the surfaces of the carbon nano tubes to stably suspend the carbon nano tubes in the solution, promoting the zirconyl nitrate solution to hydrolyze to obtain zirconium hydroxide attached to the carbon nano tubes on the hydroxylated surfaces, drying and roasting to obtain zirconium dioxide-carbon nano tube composite powder, and controlling sintering atmosphere to obtain zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures; the process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nano tubes into the zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L to 1mol/L, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the zirconyl nitrate converted into zirconia is 1: 1-1: 20, and adjusting the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the zirconyl nitrate to control the particle size of the produced zirconia;
(2) the mixed solution is refluxed and boiled for 2 to 5 hours, or directly heated and boiled for 45 minutes to 2 hours, and then dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 140 ℃;
(3) calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 450-700 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, or introducing oxygen to remove carbon, and tempering for 2 hours at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ in the air after sintering to obtain the zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano powder is solved, the reaction time is shortened, and the process flow is simplified. Meanwhile, the phase structure of the nano zirconium dioxide can be controlled. The process is simple, the boiling time is short, and the operability is strong; because the raw material is zirconyl nitrate, the residue of the zirconyl nitrate can be decomposed to generate zirconia, and no other raw material is introduced in the process, and the filtering and washing are not needed; the carbon nano tube is introduced, so that the agglomeration of particles can be effectively prevented; carbon enters the zirconia in the sintering process, and a stable cubic phase can be obtained at low temperature; the zirconium oxide with different structures can be obtained by changing the process parameters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the surface morphology (TEM) of the zirconia nanoparticles obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is the surface morphology (TEM) of the zirconia nanoparticles obtained in example 2.
FIG. 3 shows the sintering of the single crystals of the zirconia nanoparticles of example 2 into a network structure.
FIG. 4 shows the surface morphology of the powder of example 3 consisting of zirconia nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a process for preparing zirconium dioxide nano powder by hydrolyzing zirconyl nitrate. Adding carbon nano tubes into a concentrated aqueous solution of zirconyl nitrate, heating and boiling, utilizing hydroxylation of nitric acid on the surface of the carbon nano tubes to stably suspend the carbon nano tubes in the solution, promoting the zirconyl nitrate solution to hydrolyze to obtain zirconium hydroxide attached to the carbon nano tubes on the hydroxylated surface, drying and roasting to obtain zirconium dioxide-carbon nano tube composite powder, and controlling sintering atmosphere to obtain zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures. The process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nano tubes into the zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L to 1mol/L, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the zirconyl nitrate converted into zirconia is 1: 1-1: 20; the mass ratio of the carbon nano tube to the zirconium oxynitrate is adjusted to control the particle size of the generated zirconium oxide.
(2) The mixed solution is refluxed and boiled for 2 to 5 hours or directly heated and boiled for 45 minutes to 2 hours, and then dried at 100 ℃ and 140 ℃.
(3) Calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 450-700 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, or introducing oxygen to remove carbon, and tempering for 2 hours at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ in the air after sintering to obtain the zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures.
The following is illustrated by way of example:
example 1: ZrO (NO)3)2·2H2Preparing 0.3mol/L solution from O, adding 0.3g of carbon nano tube into 50ml of the solution, refluxing and boiling the mixed solution for 3 hours, and drying; adding 20ml of water, directly heating and boiling for 1 hour twice, drying, grinding the dried sample, then roasting in Ar atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ and roasting for 2 hours to obtain zirconia nano particles with the size of 7-10 nanometers, wherein the zirconia structure is a cubic phase structure. Its zirconium oxide sodiumThe TEM surface morphology of the rice particles is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2: ZrO (NO)3)2·2H2Preparing 0.5mol/L solution from O, adding 0.3g of carbon nano tube into 50ml of the solution, refluxing and boiling the mixed solution for 4 hours, and drying; adding 20ml of water, directly heating and boiling for 1 hour twice, drying, grinding the dried sample, and then roasting for 2 hours at 600 ℃ under Ar atmosphere to obtain the cubic phase structure zirconium oxide nano powder. Heating the obtained powder in air to 690 ℃, and carrying out tempering and roasting for 2 hours to obtain the nano zirconia with a tetragonal porous structure and a particle size of 7-12 nanometers. Zirconia nanoparticles thereofThe TEM surface morphology of the particles is shown in fig. 2; fig. 3 shows a TEM image of a network structure inter-single-crystal sintered with zirconia nanoparticles.
Example 3: ZrO (NO)3)2·2H2Preparing 1mol/L solution from O, adding 0.5g of carbon nano tube into 20ml of the solution, directly heating and boiling the mixed solution for 45 minutes (without reflux boiling), drying, grinding the dried sample, then baking under Ar atmosphere, and heating to 450 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained nano particles have the size of 15-20 nanometers, and because the particles have large size, the diffusion of carbon atoms does not occur at 450 ℃, and the zirconia structure is a mixed structure of a tetragonal phase and a monoclinic phase. Fig. 4 shows the surface morphology of the powder composed of zirconia nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, in which the bright lines are carbon nanotubes.

Claims (1)

1. A process for preparing zirconium dioxide nano powder by hydrolyzing zirconyl nitrate is characterized in that: adding carbon nano tubes into a concentrated zirconyl nitrate aqueous solution, heating and boiling, utilizing hydroxylation of nitric acid on the surfaces of the carbon nano tubes to stably suspend the carbon nano tubes in the solution, promoting the zirconyl nitrate solution to hydrolyze to obtain zirconium hydroxide attached to the carbon nano tubes on the hydroxylated surfaces, drying and roasting to obtain zirconium dioxide-carbon nano tube composite powder, and controlling sintering atmosphere to obtain zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures; the process comprises the following steps:
(1) adding carbon nano tubes into the zirconyl nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L to 1mol/L, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the zirconyl nitrate converted into zirconia is 1: 1-1: 20, and adjusting the mass ratio of the carbon nano tubes to the zirconyl nitrate to control the particle size of the produced zirconia;
(2) the mixed solution is refluxed and boiled for 2 to 5 hours, or directly heated and boiled for 45 minutes to 2 hours, and then dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 140 ℃;
(3) calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 450-700 ℃ under the protective atmosphere, or introducing oxygen to remove carbon, and tempering for 2 hours at the temperature of 600-700 ℃ in the air after sintering to obtain the zirconium dioxide nano powder with different structures.
CN 03109840 2003-04-15 2003-04-15 Process for preparing nanometer zirconium dioxide powder by hydrolyzing zirconium oxynitrate Expired - Fee Related CN1214986C (en)

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CN1304280C (en) * 2004-06-25 2007-03-14 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Cobaltosic oxide nano-crystalline coated carbon nano-tube composite powder and preparation method thereof
CN100404176C (en) * 2004-12-21 2008-07-23 哈尔滨工程大学 Preparation of zirconia superfine powder by hydrolysis method
CN1329291C (en) * 2005-02-18 2007-08-01 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Crystal phase controllable zirconium dioxide/carbon nanometer composite powder and its prepn process
CN101339872B (en) * 2008-08-15 2011-04-06 西安交通大学 Double layer mixing structure carbon nano tube membrane field emission cathode and preparation thereof
CN101955224B (en) * 2009-07-20 2012-09-26 焦作市维纳精细陶瓷有限公司 Preparation method of zirconium oxide nanotube
CN102173452B (en) * 2011-03-04 2012-12-26 北京工业大学 ZrO2 nanometer points of single material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN103787394B (en) * 2012-11-01 2016-02-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of aluminum oxide
CN107337235B (en) * 2017-07-18 2018-11-23 中国计量大学 A kind of multi-stage porous ZrO2The preparation method of nano-powder
CN108726567B (en) * 2018-08-13 2020-08-18 上海施迈尔精密陶瓷有限公司 Environment-friendly high-strength easily-dispersible nano zirconium oxide material
CN110182807A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-08-30 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 A kind of zirconium doped porous carbon material and the preparation method for preparing lithium-ion capacitor battery anode composite

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