CN1210559C - Test piece for detecting sulfate radical and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Test piece for detecting sulfate radical and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1210559C CN1210559C CN 02145467 CN02145467A CN1210559C CN 1210559 C CN1210559 C CN 1210559C CN 02145467 CN02145467 CN 02145467 CN 02145467 A CN02145467 A CN 02145467A CN 1210559 C CN1210559 C CN 1210559C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a test piece for testing sulphuric acid radicals, which comprises at least two test units. The test units respectively comprise a water absorbency material as a carrier, thorin as a developer, and barium ions, wherein the concentration of the barium ions in each test unit is different from the concentration of the barium ions in an adjacent test unit, and the concentration difference of the barium ions causes sulfate ions with different concentration ranges to display different color change patterns. The present invention also discloses a making method for the test piece. The test piece has the advantages that the content of the sulfate ions can be visually and accurately measured; a result is measured within a very short time (such as 5 minutes), and basically conforms to a result obtained by a national standard method, and an error is within a semiquantitative analysis range; the test piece has simple and convenient operation, high stability and strong anti-interference capability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to detect the preparation method of test block He this test block of sulfate radical.
Background technology
Sulfate is extensive in distributed in nature, exists a small amount of sulfate that health is not had influence in the water, but just has the effect of rushing down that causes when surpassing 250mg/l, so the content of sulfate should not surpass 250mg/l in the potable water.
Measure sulfate radical SO
4 2-The classical way of content is a gravimetric method, this method accuracy height, but operation is more loaded down with trivial details.Other known method also has barium chromate photometry, barium sulfate turbidimetry and the chromatography of ions, but these methods all have certain requirement to instrument and operating personnel.
Chinese invention patent application 95111038.1 (publication number is CN1135603A, and open day is on November 13rd, 1996) has disclosed a kind of sulfate test paper, and it is developer that this test paper adopts rhodizonic acid barium.Its test philosophy is a rhodizonic acid barium and sulfate ion forms white barium sulphate and the redness of rhodizonic acid barium is taken off under acid condition.When containing sulfate ion in the sample, the pink test paper spot that just is white in color.The limit of identification of this test paper is counted 5 micrograms with sodium sulphate.This test paper can be used for observational measurement, measures but can not be used for sxemiquantitative.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test block that is used for detecting quickly and easily sulfate radical content.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method who is used for detecting quickly and easily the test block of sulfate radical content.
The invention provides a kind of test block that is used to detect sulfate radical, this test block comprises at least two test cells, described test cell comprises water-absorbing material, developer thoron and the barium ion as carrier separately, wherein the barium ion concentration in each test cell is different from the barium ion concentration in the network topology testing unit, concentration difference between them makes for the sulfate ion of variable concentrations scope, shows different change color patterns.
In test block of the present invention, test cell preferably also comprises surfactant, screening agent and acidity regulator.Surfactant better is to be selected from halogenation hexadecyl trimethylamine, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cyclodextrin or its combination; Screening agent better is to be selected from EDTA, EDTA disodium salt, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, citric acid, tartrate or its combination; Acidity regulator better is to be selected from phthalic anhydride, pyrosulfuric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, metatungstic acid or its combination.
In test block of the present invention, water-absorbing material is selected from chromatographic paper, filter paper or glass fiber material.
Embodiment preferred of test block of the present invention is that all test cells are positioned on the same substrate.More preferably all test cells are positioned on the same surface of same substrate.
In test block of the present invention, described at least two test cells are by water-absorbing material being impregnated in respectively among the different solutions A that contains the variable concentrations barium ion, impregnated in again after the taking-up drying and contain developer thoron and optional surfactant, the same solution B of screening agent and acidity regulator makes, wherein, the concentration of thoron is 0.001-0.01mol/l in the solution B, the concentration difference of barium ion among the different solutions A, represent with the barium ion concentration and the ratio of thoron concentration, the concentration of barium ion changes in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope, and the Cmin difference of barium ion is not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell.
The optimum implementation of test block of the present invention is to comprise four test cells.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method who is used to detect the test block of sulfate radical, and this method may further comprise the steps: preparation contains at least two kinds of solution A of variable concentrations barium salt, is used for preparation and contains variable concentrations Ba
2+Test cell; Preparation comprises the solution B of developer and optional surfactant, screening agent and acidity regulator; At least two water-absorbing materials be impregnated in respectively in the different solution A, take out and drying; The water-absorbing material that will flood solution A again is immersed in the solution B, takes out then and drying; Make at least two test cells by above-mentioned through dipping and dry water-absorbing material, obtain test block.
In said method, preferably the concentration of thoron is 0.001-0.01mol/l in the solution B, the concentration difference of barium ion among the different solutions A, represent with the barium ion concentration and the ratio of thoron concentration, the concentration of barium ion changes in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope, and the Cmin difference of barium ion is not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell.
Be more preferably, said method also comprises described at least two test cells is cut into a certain size, is fixed on the same lip-deep step of same substrate.
The advantage of test block of the present invention is: can record the content of sulfate radical in the short time (for example 5 minutes), measurement result conforms to substantially with national standard method (National Standard Method), and error is in the semi-quantitative analysis scope.The use of this test block is easy and simple to handle, good stability, and antijamming capability is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the standard color range of test block that is used to detect sulfate radical of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The included developer of the test cell of test block of the present invention is a thoron, and its chemical name is adjacent arsenobenzene acid azo-beta naphthal-3, and 6-sodium disulfonate, chemical formula are C
16H
11AsN
2Na
2O
10S
2Thoron is dissolved in and is orange-yellow in the slightly acidic solution, and it and barium ion reaction generate orange red complex compound, the lgK=3.4 of its complex reaction.
The principle of work of test block of the present invention is as follows: barium ion and thoron reaction generate orange red complex compound, and barium ion can generate white barium sulfate precipitate with the sulfate ion reaction again simultaneously.The lgK value of sulfate ion-barium ion reaction is higher than the lgK value that thoron-barium ion reacts widely, and this shows that sulfate ion can be from the complexing product of thoron-barium ion be captured out with barium ion and form barium sulphate, and stays thoron.If exist the sulfate radical of q.s the barium ion in the complexing product of thoron-barium ion in certain test cell all can be captured out in the water sample, then finally have only thoron and barium sulphate in this test cell, thereby the color of test cell is also by orange red orange-yellow (barium sulphate is white in color) that is transformed into thoron of thoron-barium ion complex compound.On the other hand, if the sulfate radical content in the water sample obviously is not enough to the barium ion in the complexing product of thoron-barium ion in certain test cell is all captured out, then test cell still presents orange red or presents orange.
The present invention utilizes one group of test block with test cell composition of variable concentrations barium ion, this test block presents different change color patterns for the sulfate ion of variable concentrations scope, compare by change color pattern, measure to sxemiquantitative the concentration of sulfate ion in the water sample thus this change color pattern and standard color range.
Test block of the present invention is made with the same solution B that contains the developer thoron by the different solutions A that contains the variable concentrations barium ion.The concentration of thoron is 0.001-0.01mol/l in the solution B, but for a test block embodiment, thoron concentration is a value of determining.The concentration of barium ion in the different solution A, with the expression recently of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration, in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope, change, in this scope, prepared each test cell all is orange red, and promptly each test cell of sulfate ion for 0mg/l all is orange red.
The Cmin difference of barium ion should be not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell, that is to say that the test block that test cell is divided the most carefully comprises following barium ion concentration (representing with the barium ion concentration and the ratio of thoron concentration) successively: 0.5: 1,1: 1,1.5: 1,2: 1,2.5: 1,3: 1,3.5: 1,4: 1,4.5: 1 and 5: 1.Obviously, test cell is divided carefully more, and measuring accuracy is just high more, but the manufacture craft of test block also can relative complex.And test cell is divided slightly more, and measuring accuracy can descend, but manufacture craft also can be simplified because of the minimizing of test cell number.On the other hand, if test cell is divided meticulously, then the change color between the adjacent cells will be not too obvious, so that exceed the resolution characteristic of naked eyes.In measuring water body in the daily use of sulfate ion concentration, be not very high to the requirement of measuring accuracy, so need not to divide test cell very thin.Test block of the present invention most preferably comprises four test cells.
Also can comprise surfactant in the test cell of test block of the present invention.Surfactant better is cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant and non-ionic surfactant.Cationic surfactant is more preferably and is selected from the halogenation hexadecyl trimethylamine, as cetrimonium bronmide (CTMAB), and chlorination hexadecyl trimethylamine (CTMAC) etc.; Anionic surfactant is more preferably and is selected from lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS), neopelex (SDBS); Non-ionic surfactant is selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cyclodextrin etc.
Test block of the present invention also can comprise screening agent, is used for sheltering interfering ion.Preferred screening agent is EDTA, EDTA disodium salt, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, citric acid, tartrate or its combination, wherein is more preferably EDTA disodium salt and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Test block of the present invention also can comprise acidity regulator, is used for regulating the potential of hydrogen at interface, but the also interference of exclusive segment ion.Acidity regulator is preferably phthalic anhydride, pyrosulfuric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, metatungstic acid or its combination, is more preferably pyrosulfuric acid and toluenesulfonic acid.
Test block of the present invention can be strip, sheet or any other suitable form, and the most common form is a test card.Several test cells in the test block of the present invention can be several water-absorbing materials that are impregnated with different required components respectively, or with these several water-absorbing materials be cut into a certain size and stick on respectively on the several piece substrate.Better be these several water-absorbing materials are cut into a certain size and stick on the same substrate, can stick on the same surface or on the different surfaces.Preferably stick on the same surface of same substrate, because be easy to carry like this, operate and compare with the standard color range.The not restriction especially of substrate that the present invention is used can be any inertia hard substrate, as plastic sheet, hard paper etc.
The advantage of test block of the present invention is to measure the content of sulfate ion more directly perceived, more accurately, and preferred sensing range is 250-2000mg/l.Test block of the present invention can record the content of sulfate radical in the short time (for example 5 minutes), measurement result conforms to substantially with national standard method (National Standard Method), and error is in the semi-quantitative analysis scope.The use of this test block is easy and simple to handle, good stability, and antijamming capability is strong.
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but scope of the present invention is not subjected to these
The restriction of embodiment.
The general preparation method of test block
Preparation contains several solution A of variable concentrations barium chloride, is used for preparation and contains variable concentrations Ba
2+Several test cells; Preparation contains the solution B as thoron and optional surfactant, screening agent and the acidity regulator of developer; Several water-absorbing materials be impregnated in respectively in above-mentioned several solution A, reach capacity (needing 2 minutes usually), take out and drying, the water-absorbing material that will flood solution A again is immersed in the solution B, make complex reaction (need 30 seconds usually) fully, take out then and drying.The water-absorbing material that so obtains is cut into small pieces (for example 0.5 * 0.5 centimetre), as each test cell.These test cells are sticked on the same surface of same plastic substrate (for example 5 * 0.5 centimetres), make test block.This test block can be stored standby with plastic bottle or aluminium plastic bag.
In solution B, the content of thoron is 0.001-0.01mol/l; Surfactant concentrations in the scope of 0-0.03mol/l, better is 0.003-0.03mol/l usually; The concentration of screening agent in the scope of 0-0.5mol/l, better is 0.05-0.5mol/l usually; The concentration of acidity regulator in the scope of 0-1mol/l, better is 0.1-1mol/l usually.
The barium ion that comprises variable concentrations in the different solution A, their concentration change in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope with the expression recently of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration.In this scope, select Ba
2+Concentration, make the barium ion concentration of each test cell in the gained test block be different from the barium ion concentration of network topology testing unit, the concentration difference between them makes for the sulfate ion of variable concentrations scope, shows different change color patterns.The Cmin difference of barium ion should be not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell.
Embodiment 1
Press the described preparation test block of general preparation method with chromatographic paper (available from Paper Co., Ltd of Xinhua, No. 1 chromatographic paper) as water-absorbing material, this test block comprises four test cells.Be used for preparing four kinds of solution Ba of four test cells
2+Concentration be respectively 0.005mol/l, 0.02mol/l, 0.035mol/l and 0.05mol/l.The concentration of thoron is 0.01mol/l in the solution B, also comprises the neopelex of 0.003mol/l, the EDTA disodium salt of 0.5mol/l and the phthalic anhydride of 0.1mol/l.
The preparation of standard color range
With reference to the National Standard Method compound concentration be 0,250,500,1000,1500, the sulfate ion standard solution of 2000mg/L, test block is dipped in the above-mentioned different standard solution respectively, make reaction zone (each test cell) complete wetting, take out after 2 seconds kinds, dry.Develop the color fully after 5 minutes, color and luster is about 15 minutes stabilization time.According to variable color situation production standard color range.The change color of standard color range is as follows, also can be referring to Fig. 1.
0μg/ml 250μg/ml 500μg/ml 1000μg/ml 1500μg/ml 2000μg/ml
Test cell I ●
0000
Test cell II ● ● ● 000
Test cell III ● ● ● ● 00
Test cell IV ● ● ● ● ● zero
Annotate: ● represent orange red,
Represent orange, zero the expression orange-yellow.
By above-mentioned standard color range as seen, for different sulfate ion concentrations, the standard color range presents different change color patterns.These change color patterns are more directly perceived, are easy to judge, reduced the deviation that the subjective cognitive different of change color is caused by operator itself.In addition, by different barium ion concentration is set in each test cell, makes it possible to sxemiquantitative ground and measure sulfate ion concentration, this Billy carries out observational measurement with metachromasia very much progress again.
By above standard color range as can be known, if the sulfate ion concentration scope of required measurement is 0-1000 μ g/ml, so only need to use test block with two test cells, because for the sulfate ion concentration of 0,250,500,1000 μ g/ml, two test cells just can present different change color patterns.In like manner, if the sulfate ion concentration scope of required measurement is 0-1500 μ g/ml, then use test block just can finish test with three test cells.Certainly, by adjusting contained barium ion concentration and chromogenic agent in each test cell, can also make the test block with five or more a plurality of test cells, this can measure required measurement range or measuring accuracy is regulated and controlled according to sxemiquantitative.
Using method
Test block is dipped in the water sample, makes reaction zone (each test cell) complete wetting, take out after 2 seconds kinds, dry.Afterreaction district color development was complete in 5 minutes.Test block that color development is stable and standard color range compare, if the color pattern of reaction zone conforms to substantially with certain color stage, then the concentration of sulfate ion is the concentration that this color range is indicated in the water sample.If color pattern is between two color ranges, can estimate that approximate value between two color ranges is as the concentration of water sample sulfate ion according to the variable color situation.
The pH scope of use test part is 4-9.If water sample pH value can be regulated not in this scope in advance.
Interference test
Get the SO of 500mg/l
4 2-Water sample adds the coexisting ions of different amounts respectively, measures the concentration of sulfate radical by above-mentioned using method, and the test result error range is thought the unlikely test result that influences 5% with interior.The unlikely coexisting ion amount that influences the sulfate ion concentration test result is promptly remembered the allowance of making coexisting ion.
Measure the allowance of different ions, their the allowance upper limit is as follows: Ni
2+150mg/l, Cu
2+300mg/l, Cr
3+600mg/l, Pb
2+600mg/l, K
+800mg/l, Zn
2+300mg/l, Mg
2+500mg/l, Fe
3+300mg/l, Cl
-700mg/l, CO
3 2-700mg/l, F
-500mg/l.
Because coexisting ion concentration all is lower than the above-mentioned allowance upper limit in the general water body, so test block of the present invention also has better anti-jamming capability under the situation that does not contain screening agent.But, when coexisting ion surpasses above-mentioned concentration value, then need interfering ion is sheltered in advance or separated.
Stability test
The test block for preparing is deposited with aluminium plastic bag and plastic bottle respectively, a part is preserved in room temperature (15-25 ℃) then, another part is preserved in low temperature (3-5 ℃), take out every other month, the color and luster of test cell on the observation test part, and with its test solution of measuring sulphate-containing ion again with the standard color range relatively.As a result, the location mode of two kinds of packings all can be under low temperature and room temperature stable existence more than 7 months.
Comparison test
Test paper (model is 1.10019.0001) with National Standard Method (gravimetric method), test block of the present invention and German MERCK company is measured many parts of water samples, the results are shown in Table 1, and sulfate ion concentration unit wherein is mg/l.
Table 1
| The water sample numbering | National Standard Method (gravimetric method) | Test block of the present invention | The MERCK test paper |
| 1 | 246.9 | 250 | --- |
| 2 | 1053.6 | 1000 | 1100 |
| 3 | 1498.2 | 1500 | 1500 |
Test paper (model is 1.10019.0001) with the chromatography of ions, turbidimetry, test block of the present invention and German MERCK company is measured many parts of water samples, the results are shown in Table 2, and sulfate ion concentration unit wherein is mg/l.
Table 2
| The water sample numbering | The chromatography of ions | Turbidimetry | Test block of the present invention | The MERCK test paper |
| 4 | 987 | 1126 | 1000 | 1100 |
| 5 | 641 | 674 | 700 | 800 |
| 6 | 1353 | 1497 | 1400 | 1400 |
| 7 | 1012 | 1157 | 1200 | 1200 |
| 8 | 1811 | 1752 | 1800 | ＞1600 |
By above-mentioned data as seen, the test result of the test result of test block of the present invention and National Standard Method and other several method is identical substantially.Compare with the test paper of German MERCK company, the test lower limit of test block of the present invention is lower, scope is wideer, and cost is also much lower.
Embodiment 2
Press the described preparation test block of general preparation method with chromatographic paper (available from Paper Co., Ltd of Xinhua, No. 1 chromatographic paper) as water-absorbing material.The test block of present embodiment comprises two test cells.Be used for preparing two kinds of solution Ba of these two test cells
2+Concentration be respectively 0.004mol/l and 0.012mol/l.The concentration of thoron is 0.004mol/l in the solution B, also comprises the chlorination hexadecyl trimethylamine of 0.01mol/l, the citric acid of 0.05mol/l and the pyrophosphoric acid of 0.3mol/l.The gained test block can be used to the concentration that sulfate ion is measured in sxemiquantitative.
Embodiment 3
Press the described preparation test block of general preparation method with filter paper (available from Paper Co., Ltd of Xinhua, qualitative filter paper) as water-absorbing material.The test block of present embodiment comprises three test cells, is used for preparing three kinds of solution Ba of these three test cells
2+Concentration be respectively 0.001mol/l, 0.0015mol/l and 0.004mol/l.The concentration of thoron is 0.001mol/l in the solution B.The gained test block can be used to the concentration that sulfate ion is measured in sxemiquantitative.
Embodiment 4
Press the described preparation test block of general preparation method with chromatographic paper (available from the extraordinary paper plant in Fuyang, No. 1 chromatographic paper) as water-absorbing material, this test block comprises four test cells.Be used for preparing four kinds of solution A Ba of four test cells
2+Concentration be respectively 0.004mol/l, 0.016mol/l, 0.03mol/l and 0.04mol/l.The concentration of thoron is 0.008mol/l in the solution B, also comprises the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of 0.03mol/l, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2mol/l and the metatungstic acid of 1mol/l.The gained test block can be used to the concentration that sulfate ion is measured in sxemiquantitative.
Claims (10)
1. test block that is used to detect sulfate radical, this test block comprises at least two test cells, described test cell comprises water-absorbing material, developer thoron and the barium ion as carrier separately, wherein the barium ion concentration in each test cell is different from the barium ion concentration in the network topology testing unit, concentration difference between them makes for the sulfate ion of variable concentrations scope, shows different change color patterns.
2. test block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described test cell also comprises surfactant, screening agent and acidity regulator.
3. test block as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described surfactant is selected from halogenation hexadecyl trimethylamine, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cyclodextrin or its combination; Described screening agent is selected from EDTA, EDTA disodium salt, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, citric acid, tartrate or its combination; Described acidity regulator is selected from phthalic anhydride, pyrosulfuric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, metatungstic acid or its combination.
4. as each described test block among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described water-absorbing material is selected from chromatographic paper, filter paper or glass fiber material.
5. as each described test block among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that all described test cells are positioned on the same substrate, are more preferably on the same surface that is positioned at same substrate.
6. as each described test block among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described at least two test cells are by water-absorbing material being impregnated in respectively among the different solutions A that contains the variable concentrations barium ion, impregnated in again after the taking-up drying and contain developer thoron and optional surfactant, the same solution B of screening agent and acidity regulator makes, wherein, the concentration of thoron is 0.001-0.01mol/l in the solution B, the concentration difference of barium ion among the different solutions A, represent with the barium ion concentration and the ratio of thoron concentration, the concentration of barium ion changes in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope, and the Cmin difference of barium ion is not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell.
7. as each described test block among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described test block comprises four test cells.
8. one kind prepares the method that is used to detect the test block of sulfate radical as claimed in claim 1, and this method may further comprise the steps:
Preparation contains at least two kinds of solution A of variable concentrations barium salt, is used for preparation and contains variable concentrations Ba
2+Test cell;
Preparation comprises the solution B of developer and surfactant, screening agent and acidity regulator;
At least two water-absorbing materials be impregnated in respectively in the different solution A, take out and drying;
The water-absorbing material that will flood solution A again is immersed in the solution B, takes out then and drying;
Make at least two test cells by above-mentioned through dipping and dry water-absorbing material, obtain test block.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, the concentration that it is characterized in that thoron in the solution B is 0.001-0.01mol/l, the concentration difference of barium ion among the different solutions A, represent with the barium ion concentration and the ratio of thoron concentration, the concentration of barium ion changes in 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 scope, and the Cmin difference of barium ion is not less than 0.5 with the ratio value representation of barium ion concentration and thoron concentration between each test cell.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that this method also comprises described at least two test cells are cut into a certain size, is fixed on the same lip-deep step of same substrate.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02145467 CN1210559C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Test piece for detecting sulfate radical and preparing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02145467 CN1210559C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Test piece for detecting sulfate radical and preparing method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN1501068A CN1501068A (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| CN1210559C true CN1210559C (en) | 2005-07-13 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102141537B (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-02-27 | 大连化工研究设计院 | Analysis method of sulfate radicals in sulfate and thiosulfate mixture |
| CN103630533B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2016-08-17 | 南京工业大学 | Method for detecting erosion depth of free SO 42-ions on concrete surface |
| CN104198489A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-10 | 山西翔宇化工有限公司 | Method for measuring content of free sulfur ions in phenylamine |
| CN108827957A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆巨能建设集团路桥工程有限公司 | The method for detecting salt content in salinized soil |
| CN109612987B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-09-21 | 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司 | Rapid determination method of sulfate and preparation of test paper thereof |
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