CN1209936C - Charging method of mobile communication system - Google Patents
Charging method of mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1209936C CN1209936C CNB011448261A CN01144826A CN1209936C CN 1209936 C CN1209936 C CN 1209936C CN B011448261 A CNB011448261 A CN B011448261A CN 01144826 A CN01144826 A CN 01144826A CN 1209936 C CN1209936 C CN 1209936C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/44—Charging/billing arrangements for connection made over different networks, e.g. wireless and PSTN, ISDN, etc.
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Abstract
The present invention provides a mobile communication system, especially a charging method of a mobile communication system. Checking if the service quality is changed when the mobile terminal receives services according to the charging method; changing the transmitting channel according to the changed service quality; generating information according to changed information of the transmitting channel; transmitting the generated information to RANAP of the core network from the radio access network application part (RANAP) of a universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) of the UMTS. RANAP of CN analysises the information and changes the charging rate according to the change information of the channel and applies the changed charging rate. Thus, CN can change the charging rate legitimately according to the change of the service quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication system; Be particularly related to the charging method of international mobile telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000).
Background technology
In general, digital mobile communication system is divided into synchro system and asynchronous system.Involved in the present invention is the IMT-2000 of the direct sequence-MAP of asynchronous system (DS-MAP) method.
Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of common asynchronous IMT-2000.
As shown in Figure 1, asynchronous IMT-2000 comprises the subscriber equipment (UE) 10 of the service of moving; General mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20 uses UMTS terrestrial radio access standard to connect UE 10; Wideband CDMA (UTRA); And core network (CN) 30, it is used for the Iu interface that is connected with UTRAN 20.
UE 10 comprises a portable terminal.UTRAN 20 comprises a plurality of nodes 21, is used for by the asynchronous wireless method for electrically to UE 10 bypass information; A plurality of radio network controllers (RNC) 23 are used to control a plurality of nodes 21; And base station manager (BSM) 22, be used to manage a plurality of RNC 23.
Described Iu interface is meant the interface of the interconnection contact of use between UTRAN 20 and CN 30.
Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of common charge system.
As shown in Figure 2, common charge system 35 is included among the CN 30.Charge system 35 uses the metering data that is produced by MSC 31 and SGSN 33 to manage mobile subscriber's charge information.
The following describes the prior art charging method of common asynchronous IMT-2000.In asynchronous IMT-2000, particularly by Europe long-range research on standard institute (ETSI) carried out research, exploitation and with promoted standardized universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), be based on sign indicating number and divide test (code division tested) (CODIT) and the follow-on mobile communication system of asynchronous time division multiple access (ATDMA).
In UMTS, the network element that calculates the mobile service charge that offers the user is CN30.In CN 30, particularly, MSC 31 produces the metering data of circuit service, and SGSN produces the metering data of packet service.
The following describes conventional charging method.MSC 31 and SGSN 33 determine that RNC 23 distributes a dedicated channel (DCH) and produces metering data to UE 10.Promptly, when the people who calls out answered, MSC 31 or SGSN 33 began to calculate the time of conversation, stop calculation of talk time when call stops, produce metering data according to the charge rate of a unanimity, and the metering data that produces is transferred to charge system 35 about timing.The expense that charge system 35 is provided by the mobile service that provides to the corresponding mobile user.
In the charging method of routine, when UE 10 receives the call service, in UTRAN 20, changed when UE 10 provides the channel allocation information of service, because do not change charge rate, application is according to the charge rate calculation services expense of the information of the channel that begins to set up, so can not impose rational service charge to the mobile subscriber.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of charging method of mobile communication system, it can impose rational service charge to the user of asynchronous digital mobile communication system.
Another object of the present invention provides the charging method of an international mobile telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000).Receive one at portable terminal and move service, and in general mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network when a portable terminal provides the channel allocation information of service to change, the channel allocation information that UTRAN can change to core network (CN) announcement.
As concrete enforcement and broad description, in order to realize above-mentioned and other advantages, according to purpose of the present invention, provide a kind of change to be used to calculate the method for rate at mobile communication system report transfer channel, comprising: whether the quality of checking service when portable terminal receives service changes; When service quality changes, change transfer channel according to the service quality that changes; And to the information of core network (CN) report about the transfer channel change; The step of the information that wherein said transfer channel changes also comprises the following steps: to check whether carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality; When having carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality,, changed transfer channel to the radio access network applying portion RANAP of UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN announcement; And information from the RANAP of UTRAN to the RANAP of CN that transmit the transfer channel change from.。
A kind of charging method of mobile communication system is provided, and described method comprises step: check whether transfer channel changes when a terminal receives service; Report CN transfer channel is changed when transfer channel changes; And according to altered transfer channel selection charge rate, wherein said reporting step also comprises step: the information according to transfer channel changes produces CTRI message; Transmit the CTRI message that produces from the RANAP of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of UTRAN; Transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of CN; And from the transmission network layer of CN to the RSNAP of CN transmission CTRI message.
The charging method of a kind of IM-2000 is provided, and described method comprises step: when portable terminal receives a service, when transfer channel changes, according to the information of transfer channel change, produce CTRI message; Transmit the CTRI message that produces from the RANAP of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of UTRAN; Transmit network layer to the transmission network layer transmission CTRI of CN message from UTRAN; Receive CTRI message and with the CTRI transmission of messages that receives RANAP in the transmission network layer of CN to CN; Analyze the CTRI message of transmission; And the charge rate that changes charge rate and application change according to analysis result.
Following detailed description by the reference accompanying drawing will be seen that above-mentioned and other purposes, feature, each side and advantage of the present invention.
Description of drawings
The following drawings provides further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of specification, and embodiments of the invention are described, explains the principle of the invention with explanatory note.
Fig. 1 represents the structure example diagrammatic sketch of common asynchronous IMT-2000;
Fig. 2 represents the structure chart of common charge system;
Fig. 3 represents according to the embodiment of the invention, is used for the structure chart of the interface that exchanges messages between UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) and CN;
Fig. 4 represents to be applied to the procedure chart of the switching transfer channel in UTRAN of the present invention;
Fig. 5 represents to be applied to example of the present invention, the figure of the buffering range example of RLC layer (RLC) buffer of setting up according to service quality;
Fig. 6 represents to be reported in by radio access network applying portion (RANAP) according to the embodiment of the invention procedure chart of the change in the transfer channel;
Fig. 7 A represents the structure chart according to embodiments of the invention change transmission rate indication (CTRI) message; With
Fig. 7 B inserts the structure chart of carrier (RAB) subparameter according to embodiments of the invention radio in CTRI.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
According to the present invention, a radio access network applying portion (RANAP) stack element newly is provided, be used for general mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20 to core network (CN) 30 report, during service for the change of the transfer channel that service distributes is provided.Change transmission rate indication (CTRI) message that is used for the RANAP stack element also newly provides.
Fig. 3 illustrates the interface structure that is used for exchange message between UTRAN 20 and CN 30 according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 3, the interface of radio network controller (RNC) 23 comprises: a physical layer (PHYSICAL) 23g is used for the physical function of execution level 1 function; A medium access control layer (MAC) 23f is used for the medium access controlled function of execution level 2 functions; A RLC layer (RLC) 23e is used for the radio link controlled function of the function of execution level 2; A radio resource key-course (RRC) 23d is used for the radio resource controlled function of execution level 3 functions; A state machine 23c, it is the upper strata of RRC 23d, described state machine 23c is used to carry out radio resource management; A radio access network applying portion (RANAP) 23a is used for being reported in the change in the transfer channel when being changed with respect to the transfer channel of serving by state machine 23c detection; With a transmission network layer 23b, be used for to CN 30 transmission from RANAP 23a information transmitted.
The interface of CN 30 comprises: one is transmitted network layer 30b, be used for to the transmission network layer 23b of RNC 23 transmission information, and receive information from the transmission network layer 23b of RNC 23, with a RANAP 30a, the transfer channel that is used to analyze from transmitting network layer 30b reception changes information, and selects corresponding charge rate.
Stack architecture in each of the transmission network layer 30b of the transmission network layer 23b of RNC 23 and CN 30 changes according to transmitting in the interface whether network layer 23b and 30b are included in MSC 31 interfaces or Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 33.
The RRC 23d of RNC 23 distributes corresponding transfer channel according to the service quality that provides to the mobile subscriber.RLC 23e receives the volume of services data from the upper strata that is called as lu-UP (not shown Fig. 3), and to MAC 23f transmission volume of services data.The volume of services data that MAC 23f receives from RLC 23e to PHYSICAL 23g transmission.PHYSICAL 23g is to the volume of services data of the physical layer transmission reception of UE 10.
Pass through the volume of services data of RLC 23e, MAC 23f and PHYSICAL 23g in proper order from RNC 23 receptions.Order is transferred to RNC 23 by the volume of services data of PHYSICAL 23g, MAC 23f and RLC 23e.
When providing mobile service detection to go out the transmission speed change to UE 10, UTRAN 20 carries out the transfer channel hand-off process that changes transfer channels, to provide to UE 10 and the matched service of transmission speed.
Fig. 4 is illustrated in the process of the switching transfer channel among the UTRAN 20.
The RRC 23d of RNC 23 sets up the buffering range (S11) of the buffer of RLC 23e according to service quality.That is, Fig. 5 illustrate according to service quality by RRC 23d set up buffering range.For example, be a formation at the buffer of RLC 23e, RRC 23d is by being identified for distributing the max-thresholds and the minimum threshold of a dedicated channel (DCH) to set up buffering range, and max-thresholds and the minimum threshold determined to MAC 23f transmission.Therefore, when the occupancy (data length of the buffering in the current queue) of buffer is between max-thresholds and minimum threshold, determine that it is suitable using DCH.When the occupancy of buffer was lower than minimum threshold, it was suitable determining to use such as direct access communications channels/forward access channel common transmission channels such as (RACH/FACH).
The requested service quality was specified corresponding transfer channel (S12) when RRC 23 set up calling according to UE 10.
Receive will be to the volume of services data of UE 10 transmission the time from lu-UP at RLC 23e, temporarily with the volume of services storage that receives in formation, from formation output volume of services data, use the transfer channel that distributes with method of first-in, first-out to MAC 23f transmission volume of services data.RLC 23e is to the occupancy (S13) of MAC 23f transmission buffer.
When the occupancy of buffer did not exceed the scope of buffer, MAC 23f waited for and will receive data from RLC 23e.
When buffer occupation rate exceeded the scope of buffering, MAC 23f request RRC 23d changed transfer channel (S15).
See Fig. 5, dedicated channel (DCH) distribute to UE 10 with the situation that when service is provided under, by the occupancy of the buffer of RLC 23e transmission than greater than minimum threshold 10, and during less than max-thresholds 80, MAC 23f does not ask RRC 23d to change transfer channel.In the occupancy of buffer during less than minimum threshold 10, MAC 23f files a request to RRC 23d, the DCH that distributed to UE 10 in the past is converted to the translation function (or combinations of transport formats indication (TFCI) reconfigures function) of the transfer channel of common transmission channel, so that improve the resource utilization in UTRAN20.
During greater than max-thresholds 80, MAC 23f request RRC 23d changes transfer channel, because must enlarge the carrier capacity of UE 10 at buffer occupation rate.
When the transfer channel handoff functionality was carried out in the request of having received, RRC 23d changed transfer channel (S16) according to the service quality of the current UE of offering 10.
When RRC 23d had carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality, state machine 23c announced RANAP23a, has carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality.RANAP 23a is to CN 30 reports, and transfer channel is changed.
Fig. 6 illustrates the process that is reported in the change in the transfer channel by RANAP 23a.
As shown in Figure 6, state machine 23c checks whether RRC 23d has carried out transfer channel handoff functionality (S21).When having carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality, state machine 23c announces RANAP23a, has carried out transfer channel handoff functionality (S22 and S23).RANAP 23 produces change transmission rate indication (CTRI) message according to the change information at transfer channel, so that be changed (S24) to CN30 report transfer channel.
The following describes CTRI message.
Fig. 7 A illustrates the structure according to the CTRI message of the embodiment of the invention.
Shown in Fig. 7 A, CTRI message comprises: type of message; The radio of setting up or revising inserts carrier (RAB); First sets up or modification item; RAB ID; With the RAB subparameter.
The information type representative shows the information of the transmission rate of change.
RAB is the carrier to UE 10 advertisement service.The RAB representative of setting up or revising: under the situation when receiving an e-mail service again, when a plurality of call setup, in the middle of serving corresponding RAB, will set up the RAB that maybe will revise with each as the moment that receives a telephone communication services the user.The maximum number of RAB; 0 and RAB between MaxnoofRABs can exist.
One first project of setting up or revising of first sports representative who sets up or revise.
The sign of the RAB of transfer channel switching wherein takes place in RAB ID representative.
The RAB subparameter is the RAB detail parameters, shown in Fig. 7 B, comprises Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), guarantees bit rate (GBR) and maximum service data unit (SDU) scale.
The bit rate that the MBR representative receives from CN 30 when respective call is set up.The GBR representative is switched newly-established bit rate by transfer channel.Maximum SDU size is represented at the data length that once can send, and is newly to determine according to the change in GBR.
Enforceable element in the middle of the parameter of CTRI message is a type of message, the RAB that set up or revise, RAB ID and RAB subparameter.In addition, the mandatory element in the middle of the RAB subparameter is MBR, GBR and maximum SDU scale.
The following describes the method for the generation CTRI message in step S24.
The RANAP 23a of RNC 23 produces type of message, and it is the message of expression change transmission rate; And the RAB scope that transfer channel switches is carried out in generation; With RAB ID, when in UE 10, setting up call out more, carry out transfer channel thereon and switch.In addition, RANAP 23a produces MBR, uses the new bit rate that changes to produce GBR, and produces maximum SDU scale according to the GBR that produces, and so produces the subparameter of RAB.
When producing CTRI message, RANAP 22a is to transmitting the CTRI message (S25) that network layer 23b transmission produces.
Therefore, the RANAP 30a of CN 30 receives from the CTRI message of UTRAN 20 transmission by transmitting network layer 30b, and analyzes the CTRI message that receives.According to analysis result, CN 30 changes the charge rate of respective service.So CN 30 can reasonably receive service charge to the user of corresponding UE 10 according to altered service quality.
As mentioned above, in the charging method of mobile communication system of the present invention, when portable terminal receives service, detect service quality and whether change.When service quality changes, change transfer channel according to altered service quality.Change information in transfer channel reports to CN by UTRAN.Therefore, when providing service service quality to change, CN can suitably calculate charge rate according to the change of service quality.
According to the present invention, can change according to the service quality that when service is provided, uses different charge rate collection mobile subscribers' rational service charge.
Claims (10)
1. the change of a report transfer channel in mobile communication system is used to calculate the method for rate, it is characterized in that: comprise step:
(a) when receiving service, portable terminal checks whether service quality changes;
(b) when having changed service quality, change transfer channel according to altered service quality; And
(c) information that changes about transfer channel to core network CN report;
Wherein said step (c) also comprises the following steps:
(c1) check whether carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality;
(c2) when having carried out the transfer channel handoff functionality,, changed transfer channel to the radio access network applying portion RANAP of UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN announcement; And
(c3) RANAP from UTRAN transmits the information that transfer channel changes to the RANAP of CN.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that step (c3) comprises step:
(c3-1) information that changes according to transfer channel produces change transmission rate indication CTRI message;
(c3-2) RANAP from UTRAN transmits the CTRI message that produces to the transmission network layer of UTRAN;
(c3-3) transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of CN; And
(c3-4) transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of CN to the RSNAP of CN.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that described CTRI message comprises:
Information type, the information of the transmission rate of its expression change;
Radio that set up or that revise inserts carrier RAB, and it is represented when many call setups, the RAB that will set up or revise in the middle of the RAB of the corresponding respective services of calling out more;
First sets up or modification item, and it represents first item of setting up or revising;
Radio inserts signal of carrier RAB ID, and the sign of the RAB of transfer channel switching wherein takes place in its representative; And
The RAB subparameter.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that described RAB subparameter comprises:
Maximum Bit Rate MBR, the Maximum Bit Rate that representative receives from CN when respective call is set up;
Guarantee bit rate CBR, representative is switched newly-established bit rate by transfer channel;
Maximum service data unit SDU scale, representative are at the data length that once can transmit, and it has the value of newly determining according to the change of GBR.
5. a mobile communication system charging method is characterized in that, comprises step:
(a) when receiving service, portable terminal checks whether changed transfer channel;
(b) when transfer channel changes, to CN report change transfer channel; And
Select charge rate according to altered transfer channel; Wherein
Described step (b) comprises step:
(b1) information that changes according to transfer channel produces CTRI message;
(b2) RANAP from UTRAN transmits the CTRI message that produces to the transmission network layer of UTRAN;
(b3) transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of CN; And
(b4) transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of CN to the RSNAP of CN.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that CTRI message comprises:
Information type, the information of the transmission rate of its representative expression change;
Radio that set up or that revise inserts carrier RAB, and it is represented when many call setups, the RAB that will set up or revise in the middle of the RAB of the respective services of corresponding multinomial calling;
First sets up or modification item, and it represents first item of setting up or revising;
RAB ID, the sign of the RAB of transfer channel switching wherein takes place in its representative; And
The RAB subparameter.
7. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that: described RAB subparameter comprises:
Maximum Bit Rate MBR, the Maximum Bit Rate that its representative receives from CN when respective call is set up;
Guarantee bit rate CBR, its representative is switched newly-established bit rate by transfer channel;
Maximum service data unit SDU scale, it is represented at the data length that once can transmit, and has according to the change of GBR and the new value of determining.
8. the charging method of an international mobile telecommunication 2000 is characterized in that, comprises step:
When portable terminal received the change of service transfer channel, the information according to transfer channel changes produced CTRI message;
Transmit the CTRI message that produces from the RANAP of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of UTRAN;
Transmit CTRI message from the transmission network layer of UTRAN to the transmission network layer of CN;
In the transmission network layer of CN, receive CTRI message, and transmit the CTRI message that receives to the RANAP of CN;
Analyze the CTRI message of transmission; And
Change charge rate according to analysis result, and use the charge rate that changes.
9. method according to Claim 8 is characterized in that, CTRI message comprises:
Information type, the information of the transmission rate of its representative expression change;
Radio that set up or that revise inserts carrier RAB, and it is represented when many call setups, the RAB that will set up or revise in the middle of each RAB of the corresponding respective services of calling out more;
First sets up or modification item, and it represents first item of setting up or revising;
RAB ID, the sign of the RAB of transfer channel switching wherein takes place in its representative; And
The RAB subparameter.
10. according to the method for claim 9, it is characterized in that described RAB subparameter comprises:
Maximum Bit Rate MBR, the Maximum Bit Rate that receives from CN when on behalf of respective call, it set up;
Guarantee bit rate CBR, on behalf of transfer channel, it switch newly-established bit rate;
Maximum service data unit SDU scale, representative are by at the data length that once can transmit, and it has the value of newly determining according to the change of GBR.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2000-0081714A KR100493444B1 (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2000-12-26 | Billing Rate Change and Data Producing Method Depending on changing Transport Channel |
| KR81714/2000 | 2000-12-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1362842A CN1362842A (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| CN1209936C true CN1209936C (en) | 2005-07-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011448261A Expired - Fee Related CN1209936C (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2001-12-26 | Charging method of mobile communication system |
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| Country | Link |
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| KR (1) | KR100493444B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1209936C (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0311004D0 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2003-06-18 | Nokia Corp | Charging in communication networks |
| CN100337435C (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2007-09-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optimizing method of conversation management correcting process |
| CN1744643B (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2010-06-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Charging method based on mobile data communication net |
| CN100382495C (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2008-04-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Charging method for multimedia service |
| CN100370732C (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2008-02-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | Charge metering method and system |
| CN101005402B (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2010-05-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Information report method of SIP user agent service switching |
| KR100814428B1 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-03-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Short message processing method and apparatus |
| CN101212725B (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-12-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Session billing method, system, and device |
| KR100872182B1 (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2008-12-09 | 주식회사 케이티프리텔 | Billing system in mobile communication system and method thereof, mobile terminal for billing system and operating method thereof |
| CN101909251B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2013-09-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for charging of moveable push-to-talk system |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999052307A1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-14 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Flexible radio access and resource allocation in a universal mobile telephone system (umts) |
| KR100262934B1 (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 2000-08-01 | 조정남 | A method of transmission rate determination due to the change of the rf condition |
| KR100342525B1 (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2002-06-28 | 윤종용 | Method and system form processing packet data in mobile communication system |
| KR100275473B1 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2000-12-15 | 조정남 | Method for packet transmission by using stepwise variable rate in wireless communication environment |
| KR20020000637A (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2002-01-05 | 텔레호낙티에볼라게트 엘엠 에릭슨(피유비엘) | Tariff determination in mobile telecommunication networks |
| US7266107B2 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2007-09-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for allocating a common channel in a CDMA mobile communication system |
-
2000
- 2000-12-26 KR KR10-2000-0081714A patent/KR100493444B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR100493444B1 (en) | 2005-06-07 |
| CN1362842A (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| KR20020052441A (en) | 2002-07-04 |
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Address after: Seoul, South Kerean Patentee after: Novera Optics Korea Co., Ltd. Address before: Seoul, South Kerean Patentee before: LG Nortel Co., Ltd. |
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