CN1209614C - Field determination method of effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer and special measuring container - Google Patents
Field determination method of effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer and special measuring container Download PDFInfo
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- CN1209614C CN1209614C CN 00134305 CN00134305A CN1209614C CN 1209614 C CN1209614 C CN 1209614C CN 00134305 CN00134305 CN 00134305 CN 00134305 A CN00134305 A CN 00134305A CN 1209614 C CN1209614 C CN 1209614C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a field measurement method for effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer for crops. Organic fertilizer and water of 5 to 20g are added to a special measurement container, the proportion of the water to the fertilizer is 10 to 20:1, and the water and the fertilizer are vibrated and mixed sufficiently and uniformly; reduction mixture of 1 to 4g is added to be vibrated for 5 to 20 minutes so as to make NO3<-> in organic fertilizer slurry all reduced into NH4; then, strong oxidizer of 5 to 20g is added to be vibrated continuously for 60 to 90 minutes, so the strong oxidizer, the NH4OH in the organic fertilizer and part of easily oxidized organic substances carry out an oxidation reaction sufficiently; the pressure of gases of nitrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation reaction in the container is measured by a formula of PV=nRT. The special measurement container which is composed of a bottle, a large rubber plug, a small plastic pipe and a small rubber plug is suitable for fields. The present invention can accurately and quickly measure the effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer for crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and special measuring container that is used for field fast measuring fertilizer crop available nitrogen.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the potpourri of people and animals' excreta, field discarded object and soil.Chemical fertilizer enters before the agricultural, and China relies in the agricultural system product through the people, animal utilization, and excreta and stalk, soil are piled the rotten fertilizer that forms together and returned fertility and the yield-power that the farmland cycling and reutilization is kept agricultural land soil.Chemical fertilizer enters agricultural and has increased substantially farmland production power, but great deal of experimental result proves: fertilizer is still fertilizing soil, it is indispensable to keep soil fertility institute, and the composting of fertilizer and use and can obviously improve the rural ecological environment, reduce environmental pollution.Therefore, no matter from the angle of agricultural sustainable development still for the purpose of improving the rural ecological environment, composting and the application of organic fertilizers approach that all is absolutely necessary.But correct management and use fertilizer are still a significant challenge, and its reason is to contain a large amount of accurately crop available nitrogens of mensuration that is difficult in the fertilizer, uses (time, method and quantity) improper ecological risk that exists equally.With the sustainable development is the future of agriculture of target; the development raising level of resources utilization, the precision agriculture of preserving the ecological environment are the inevitable course; and the marrow of precision agriculture is exactly soil testing and fertilizer recommendation; wherein most important also be the most difficult be exactly the method for setting up crop available nitrogen in the rapid and accurate determination fertilizer of a kind of field; because; need the phosphorus amount to determine applying quantity of chemical fertilizer (latter often needs to replenish inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer) no matter be based on crop nitrogen requirement or crop, at first all need the crop available nitrogen amount in the application of organic fertilizers of accurate quantification farmland.
But the crop available nitrogen in the fertilizer is made up of inorganic nitrogen and mineralising nitrogen two parts, the inorganic nitrogen ratio is easier to lixiviate and mensuration in the fertilizer, but but the quantitative measurement of mineralising nitrogen is just difficult, but the method for measuring mineralising nitrogen amount in soil and the organic materials traditionally can be divided into biological and chemical method two big classes, but the inorganic nitrogen amount operation of adopting mineralising nitrogen in the biology method measuring sample need be under laboratory condition sample culturing one period long period and METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION to be discharged.But chemical method then attempts to represent mineralising nitrogen by the nitrogen amount that certain chemical reagent lixiviate goes out.Biological assay method is very accurate, but wastes time and energy; Chemical method is very quick, but accuracy is relatively poor, and complicated because of required instrument, and both all should not be used for field test.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of be applicable to the field, the accurately assay method and the special measuring container of crop available nitrogen in the fast measuring fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: operation as follows:
A. pre-service: can add 5-20g fertilizer and water in the bottle (6) of airtight test container, the liquid manure ratio is 10～20: 1, and fully concussion, mixing make it to become fertilizer slurry (7);
B. reduction reaction: use large rubber plug (2) closed container immediately after in the bottle (6) that is equipped with described fertilizer slurry, adding reductive agent potpourri 1-4g, shake and made the NO of fertilizer in starching in 5-20 minute
3 -Restore All becomes NH
4 +
C. oxidation reaction: insert large rubber plug (2) and place its interior little plastic tube (4) with spicule (1), the little plug (5) that places the plug in little plastic tube (4) other end is turned down, make the 5～20g strong oxidizer (3) that is preset in the little plastic tube (4) fall into fertilizer slurry (7), shake the NH that made in strong oxidizer and the fertilizer in 60-90 minute continuously
4Oxidation reaction fully takes place in OH and part easily oxidation of organic compounds matter;
D. measure and the result calculates: measure the pressure that oxidation reaction in the closed container produces the GN 2 and carbon dioxide, adopt the PV=nRT formula, wherein the pressure that records of P=pressure gauge, the V=container volume, the molal quantity of n=gas, R=gas law constant, the absolute temperature when T=measures;
Described reductive agent potpourri is zinc powder and ferrous sulphate, and its reductive agent zinc powder and ferrous sulphate ratio are 1: 5; Described strong oxidizer is sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite;
Described special measuring container is made up of bottle (adopting vial or plastic bottle), large rubber plug, little plastic tube, little plug, and the wherein said large rubber plug that is installed in the bottle cap place is hollow, an end hermetically-sealed construction, and its blind end is towards outside of containers; Little plastic tube is embedded in the large rubber plug hollow cavity, an end opening, and towards the blind end of large rubber plug; Little plug plugs in the little plastic tube other end, in bottle, holds oxygenant in the little plastic tube, holds fertilizer slurry in the bottle, and spicule inserts large rubber plug when little plug starts oxidation reaction turning down, in little plastic tube.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. fast, accurately.The present invention utilizes oxide-reduction method to measure the inorganic nitrogen and the easy organic nitrogen of mineralising in the fertilizer, only needs about 70-100 minute, fast; But mineralising nitrogen (crop available nitrogen) is compared and is had fabulous correlativity (R in the fertilizer that the crop available nitrogen was cultivated 7 days with the employing anaerobism or 16 weeks of aerobic cultivation are measured in the variety classes fertilizer that a large amount of experimental studies proof adopts the inventive method to measure
2＞0.81).
2. reagent is easy to get, equipment is simple.This invention utilization principle of oxidation and reduction is tested required reagent and is only related to some common reductive agent and oxygenants, very easily obtains; The described proving installation that is used for redox reaction is simple in structure, is convenient to operation.
3. can be used for field test, and adapt to wide.Because the required reagent of special test device of the present invention is less, therefore be easy for carrying out in-site detecting in the field, experimental result shows that this device and assay method can generally be used to measure different types of fertilizer (pig manure, cow dung, chicken manure, barnyard manure etc.), and measurement result is accurate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a special measuring structure of container synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
1. pre-service: a 1L can airtight special measuring container in add 5g fertilizer and water, liquid manure is than 10: 1, fully shakes, mixing makes it to become slurry;
2. reduction reaction: in the described container that is equipped with described fertilizer slurry, add reductive agent zinc powder (Zn) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO
4) potpourri 1g after airtight immediately described container, shake the NO that made in 5 minutes in the fertilizer slurry
3 -Restore All becomes NH
4 +, described Zn and FeSO
4Than being 1: 5;
3. oxidation reaction: insert described mensuration container with spicule 1, turn down little plug 5, add 5g and be preset in strong oxidizer sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in the container plastic pipe 4, shake the NH that made in strong oxidizer and the fertilizer in 60 minutes continuously
4Oxidation reaction fully takes place in OH and part easily oxidation of organic compounds matter;
4. measure and result's calculating: measure oxidation reaction generation gas (N in the described container with the piezometry instrument
2And CO
2) pressure, adopt PV=nRT formula (pressure that the P=pressure gauge records, V=container volume, the molal quantity of n=gas, R=gas law constant, the absolute temperature when T=measures); The producible number of moles of gas of promptly every as can be known gram fertilizer, have fabulous correlativity between a large amount of number of moles of gas that experimental studies have found that every gram fertilizer generation and crop available nitrogen content, therefore can get the content of crop available nitrogen in the fertilizer by dependent equation.
Special measuring container of the present invention is used for redox reaction, and concrete operation method is as follows:
1. little plug 5 is put into an end of little plastic tube 4, behind the quantitative oxygenant 3 of packing into little plastic tube 4 is fixed on and is used for the airtight hollow plug of vial 6;
2. the fertilizer to be measured that adds known quantity in vial 6 adds behind a certain proportion of water fully mixing, forms fertilizer slurry 7;
3. use the sealing large rubber plug 2 that is equipped with little plastic tube 4 (including oxygenant 3) that vial 6 is airtight immediately after adding quantitative reductive agent, shook 5-20 minute;
4. insert in large rubber plug 2 and the little plastic tube 4 with long spicule 1 the little plug 5 of barrier oxidation agent 3 is turned down, make oxygenant 3 fall into fertilizer slurry 7, shook continuously 60-90 minute;
5. with the pressure in the pressure gauge mensuration container.
Adopt method of the present invention to measure and contain high, medium and low three concentration known NH respectively
4CL, (NH
4)
2SO
4, KNO
3And NH
4CL and KNO
3, (NH
4)
2SO
4With KNO
315 of the standard solution of mixed liquor, its measurement result and standard value prove that this method can accurately measure inorganic nitrogen relatively between 93.2-106.8%.
Difference from Example 1 is:
1. pre-service: a 10L can airtight special measuring container in add 20g fertilizer and water, liquid manure is than 20: 1, fully shakes, mixing makes it to become slurry;
2. reduction reaction: in the described special measuring container that is equipped with described fertilizer slurry, add reductive agent zinc powder (Zn) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO
4) potpourri 4g after closed container immediately, shake the NO that made in 20 minutes in the fertilizer slurry
3 -Restore All becomes NH
4 +, described Zn and FeSO
4Than being 1: 5;
3. oxidation reaction: insert described special measuring container with spicule 1, turn down little plug 5, add 20g and be preset in strong oxidizer calcium hypochlorite (CaO in the described container plastic pipe 4
2Cl
2), shake the NH that made in strong oxidizer and the fertilizer in 90 minutes continuously
4Oxidation reaction fully takes place in OH and part easily oxidation of organic compounds matter.
62 are picked up from different regions, different types of fertilizer sample and are used to study available nitrogen in the fertilizer of the present invention and measure the correlativity between the crop available nitrogen content in the measurement result of container and the biology method measuring fertilizer.Under 25 ℃ ± 2 ℃ constant temperatures, adopt aerobic method to cultivate 62 16 weeks of fertilizer sample respectively, record 62 samples crop available nitrogen content separately respectively, its luffing is 5.6-27.8g/kg, mean value is 16.6g/kg, and its every separately gram fertilizer of 62 samples that adopts the inventive method to measure gained can produce the molal quantity and the biology method measuring result of gas molecule and has fabulous correlativity, and dependent equation is: crop available nitrogen=8.2977x gas molecule molal quantity (m mol gas/g)+0.6155; R
2=0.8732, reach the utmost point level of signifiance, therefore every gram fertilizer of recording of complete available the inventive method gas molecule molal quantity that can produce calculates the crop available nitrogen content in the fertilizer.
Difference from Example 1 is:
1. pre-service: a 5L can airtight special measuring container in add 10g fertilizer and water, liquid manure is than 15: 1, fully shakes, mixing makes it to become slurry;
2. reduction reaction: in the described special measuring container that is equipped with described fertilizer slurry, add reductive agent zinc powder (Zn) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO
4) potpourri 2g after closed container immediately, shake the NO that made in 15 minutes in the fertilizer slurry
3 -Restore All becomes NH
4 +, described Zn and FeSO
4Than being 1: 5;
3. oxidation reaction: insert described mensuration container with spicule 1, turn down little plug 5, add 15g and be preset in strong oxidizer calcium hypochlorite (CaO in the described container plastic pipe 4
2Cl
2), shake the NH that made in strong oxidizer and the fertilizer in 70 minutes continuously
4Oxidation reaction fully takes place in OH and part easily oxidation of organic compounds matter.
Claims (5)
1. the special measuring container of crop available nitrogen in the fertilizer, it is characterized in that: form by bottle (6), large rubber plug (2), little plastic tube (4), little plug (5), the large rubber plug (2) that wherein is installed in bottle (6) lid place is hollow, an end hermetically-sealed construction, and its blind end is towards outside of containers; Little plastic tube (4) is embedded in large rubber plug (2) hollow cavity, an end opening, and towards the blind end of large rubber plug (2); Little plug (2) plugs in little plastic tube (4) other end, in bottle (6), little plastic tube (4) lining holds oxygenant (3), holds fertilizer slurry (7) in the bottle (6), spicule (1) inserts large rubber plug (2) when turning down little plug (5) startup oxidation reaction, in little plastic tube.
2. according to the described special measuring container of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bottle (6) is vial or plastic bottle.
3. the field test method of crop available nitrogen in the fertilizer is characterized in that: utilize the container of claim 1 to operate as follows:
A. pre-service: can add 5-20g fertilizer and water in the bottle (6) of airtight special measuring container, the liquid manure ratio is 10～20: 1, and fully concussion, mixing make it to become fertilizer slurry (7);
B. reduction reaction: use large rubber plug (2) closed container immediately after in the bottle (6) that is equipped with described fertilizer slurry, adding reductive agent potpourri 1-4g, shake and made the NO of fertilizer in starching in 5-20 minute
3 -Restore All becomes NH
4 +
C. oxidation reaction: insert large rubber plug (2) and place its interior little plastic tube (4) with spicule (1), the little plug (5) that places the plug in little plastic tube (4) other end is turned down, make the 5～20g strong oxidizer (3) that is preset in the little plastic tube (4) fall into fertilizer slurry (7), shake the NH that made in strong oxidizer and the fertilizer in 60-90 minute continuously
4Oxidation reaction fully takes place in OH and part easily oxidation of organic compounds matter;
D. measure and the result calculates: measure the pressure that oxidation reaction in the described container produces the GN 2 and carbon dioxide, adopt the PV=nRT formula, wherein the pressure that records of P=pressure gauge, the V=container volume, the molal quantity of n=gas, R=gas law constant, the absolute temperature when T=measures; Crop available nitrogen=8.2977 * (gas mM number/gram fertilizer)+0.6155.
4. according to the field test method of crop available nitrogen in the described fertilizer of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described reductive agent potpourri is zinc powder and ferrous sulphate, and its reductive agent zinc powder and ferrous sulphate ratio are 1: 5.
5. according to the field test method of crop available nitrogen in the described fertilizer of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described strong oxidizer is sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00134305 CN1209614C (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Field determination method of effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer and special measuring container |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00134305 CN1209614C (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Field determination method of effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer and special measuring container |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1357756A CN1357756A (en) | 2002-07-10 |
| CN1209614C true CN1209614C (en) | 2005-07-06 |
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ID=4596140
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00134305 Expired - Fee Related CN1209614C (en) | 2000-12-13 | 2000-12-13 | Field determination method of effective nitrogen in organic fertilizer and special measuring container |
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|---|---|
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114354594A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for measuring ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and total dissolved nitrogen in sample |
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 CN CN 00134305 patent/CN1209614C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1357756A (en) | 2002-07-10 |
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