CN1208994C - High-frequency heating device with open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
(一)技术领域：(1) Technical field:
本发明涉及一种电加热装置，特别是一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置。The invention relates to an electric heating device, in particular to a high-frequency heating device with an open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method.
(二)背景技术：(two) background technology:
目前，高频加热工艺过程大量应用于生产实践中，例如高频焊接。高频淬火、金属表面热处理等，其特点是利用电子设备产生的固定高频率、高电压的大电流，通过有冷却设置的感应器件，由邻近效应作用，对被加热物体实行快速加热，加热区域由感应器件形状及与被加热工件的距离决定，由于其加热深度属于表面热效应，特别适用于表面热处理、淬火、焊接等工艺要求。上述设备及工艺过程有以下缺陷：1.该热处理设备为适应短时间\大能量输出的热处理要求，当被加热工件的相应加热区不大于30平方毫米，输出功率最小也要在5千瓦以上，输出频率最小要求300k以上，为满足上述要求，目前均采用大功率阴极发射电子管的自激振荡工作方式来输出高频、高压、大电流，其各项参数调试在设备安装过程中是很重要的，而参数调试完毕后，在实际生产过程中，为保证生产正常进行，各项参数成为固定模式。但实际多种被加工对象的外形和加热要求不可能完全一致，使得该加热设备在适用不同工件的技术要求方面难以满足需要；2.由于该类设备的加热原理是邻近效应，被加热工件的温度升高主要集中在加热区域表面，如果被加热物体要求具一定的、可控的加热深度，则无法满足要求；3.该类设备加热时间很短，被加热物体在数秒内温度可变化上千度，这对有些热处理工艺是必须的，但如果要求该设备加热工件实行缓慢加热，而且加热时间可随时调整.则无法满足要求；4.该类设备的感应器件在加热过程中，必须有冷却液在感应器件的内部顺畅通过，否则就有损坏设备的可能。实际上自设备开始运转，冷却液即开始流动，但冷却液的流通，也必然消耗大量能量，该设备产生的高频、高压、高频的大电流，有相当一部分被自身的冷却系统消耗。At present, the high-frequency heating process is widely used in production practice, such as high-frequency welding. High-frequency quenching, metal surface heat treatment, etc., are characterized by the use of fixed high-frequency, high-voltage large currents generated by electronic equipment, through induction devices with cooling settings, and by the proximity effect, the heated objects are rapidly heated, and the heating area It is determined by the shape of the induction device and the distance from the heated workpiece. Because the heating depth belongs to the surface thermal effect, it is especially suitable for surface heat treatment, quenching, welding and other process requirements. The above-mentioned equipment and process have the following defects: 1. The heat treatment equipment is adapted to the heat treatment requirements of short-term/large energy output. When the corresponding heating area of the workpiece to be heated is not greater than 30 square millimeters, the minimum output power must be above 5 kilowatts. The minimum output frequency requirement is above 300k. In order to meet the above requirements, the self-excited oscillation working mode of high-power cathode emitting tubes is currently used to output high-frequency, high-voltage, and high-current. It is very important to adjust various parameters in the process of equipment installation. , and after the parameter debugging is completed, in the actual production process, in order to ensure the normal production, each parameter becomes a fixed mode. However, the shape and heating requirements of various processed objects cannot be completely consistent, making it difficult for the heating equipment to meet the technical requirements of different workpieces; 2. Since the heating principle of this type of equipment is the proximity effect, the heating of the workpiece The temperature rise is mainly concentrated on the surface of the heating area. If the heated object requires a certain and controllable heating depth, it cannot meet the requirements; 3. The heating time of this type of equipment is very short, and the temperature of the heated object can change within a few seconds. Thousands of degrees, which is necessary for some heat treatment processes, but if the equipment is required to heat the workpiece slowly, and the heating time can be adjusted at any time, it cannot meet the requirements; 4. During the heating process, the induction device of this type of equipment must have Coolant must pass through the induction device smoothly, otherwise it may damage the equipment. In fact, since the equipment starts to operate, the coolant begins to flow, but the circulation of the coolant inevitably consumes a lot of energy. A considerable part of the high-frequency, high-voltage, high-frequency high current generated by the equipment is consumed by its own cooling system.
(三)发明内容：(3) Contents of the invention:
本发明的目的在于设计一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置，它根据电磁场涡流加热原理，提出一种“推挽输出、开口磁环无冷却感应涡流加热”的高频加热装置，以能解决以上不足。The purpose of the present invention is to design a high-frequency heating device of the open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method. According to the principle of electromagnetic field eddy current heating, it proposes a high-frequency heating device with "push-pull output, open magnetic ring without cooling induction eddy current heating" , in order to solve the above deficiencies.
本发明的技术方案：一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置，其特征在于它是由信号发生器、信号推动电路、前级推动电路、功率调整电路、功率输出电路、开口磁环、前级供电电路、功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路、功率输出电路的供电电路及灯丝供电电路所构成；所说的信号发生器的输出端连接信号推动电路的输入端，信号推动电路的输出端连接前级推动电路的输入端，前级推动电路的输出端连接功率调整电路的输入端，功率调整电路的输出端连接功率输出电路的输入端，功率输出电路的输出端连接开口磁环；所说的前级供电电路的供电输出端分别与信号推动电路和前级推动电路的供电端相连接；功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路的供电输出端与功率调整电路的供电端相连接，其反馈输出电路的信号输入端耦合连接于置于功率调整电路与功率输出电路间的可控硅供电回路变压器，功率输出电路的供电电路的供电输出端与功率输出电路的供电端相连接；灯丝供电电路的供电输出端与信号推动电路、前级推动电路、功率调整电路、功率输出电路的灯丝供电端相连接；所说的前级供电电路、功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路、功率输出电路的供电电路及灯丝供电电路分别与市电相连接。The technical solution of the present invention: a high-frequency heating device with an open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method, which is characterized in that it is composed of a signal generator, a signal push circuit, a pre-stage push circuit, a power adjustment circuit, a power output circuit, and an open magnetic ring. Ring, pre-stage power supply circuit, power supply and feedback output circuit of power adjustment circuit, power supply circuit of power output circuit and filament power supply circuit; The output end of the power adjustment circuit is connected to the input end of the pre-stage push circuit, the output end of the pre-stage push circuit is connected to the input end of the power adjustment circuit, the output end of the power adjustment circuit is connected to the input end of the power output circuit, and the output end of the power output circuit is connected to the open magnet. ring; the power supply output end of the said pre-stage power supply circuit is respectively connected with the power supply end of the signal push circuit and the pre-stage push circuit; the power supply of the power adjustment circuit and the power supply output end of the feedback output circuit are connected with the power supply end of the power adjustment circuit connection, the signal input end of the feedback output circuit is coupled and connected to the thyristor power supply circuit transformer placed between the power adjustment circuit and the power output circuit, and the power supply output end of the power supply circuit of the power output circuit is connected to the power supply end of the power output circuit The power supply output end of the filament power supply circuit is connected with the filament power supply end of the signal push circuit, the pre-stage push circuit, the power adjustment circuit, and the power output circuit; the power supply and feedback output circuit of the said pre-stage power supply circuit and the power adjustment circuit, The power supply circuit of the power output circuit and the filament power supply circuit are respectively connected to the mains.
上述所说的开口磁环由开口磁环组件和工作线圈所构成，开口磁环组件上套有工作线圈，工作线圈上通过交变电流产生交变磁场，依有导磁作用的开口磁环组件，被加热工件置于开口磁环组件形成的磁场涡流回路中。The split magnetic ring mentioned above is composed of a split magnetic ring assembly and a working coil. The split magnetic ring assembly is covered with a working coil. The alternating current generates an alternating magnetic field on the working coil. , the workpiece to be heated is placed in the magnetic field eddy current circuit formed by the split magnetic ring assembly.
上述所说的开口磁环组件可由市售的铁氧体类磁导率材料制成，也可由纳米级耐高温的高磁导率材料制成，The split magnetic ring assembly mentioned above can be made of commercially available ferrite-type magnetic permeability materials, or can be made of nano-scale high-temperature resistant high magnetic permeability materials,
上述所说的开口磁环组件其外形可为圆环、椭圆环、方环、矩形环、角形环、多边形环；所说的开口角度可在0至45度之间，开口截面形状可为平面、凸面或凹面或加热工件所需要的截面形状。The shape of the above-mentioned split magnetic ring assembly can be a circular ring, an elliptical ring, a square ring, a rectangular ring, an angular ring, and a polygonal ring; the opening angle can be between 0 and 45 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape of the opening can be a plane , convex or concave, or the cross-sectional shape required for heating the workpiece.
本发明的工作原理与工作过程为：市售的信号发生器SOURCE接至电子管T1的输入端，该信号发生器能够输出方波、正弦波、三角波等多种波形的信号，由于T1是电子管，其输入阻抗高，能够实现与大多数信号发生器的连接。输入的信号经T1初步放大后，经TR1初级耦合至次级，到达T2-T5共4个6p14电子管的阴极，T2-T5共4个6p14电子管组成推挽放大电路，放大后的信号经TR2的初级耦合至次级，经C9、TR13组成的频率微调电路作用后，到达T6-T9，共4个FU33电子管的阴极，T6-T9共4个FU33电子管仍然组成推挽放大电路，放大后，由TR3耦合至开口磁环组件BMR的线圈TR12，并由开口磁环组件BMR对外输出能量。The working principle and working process of the present invention are: the commercially available signal generator SOURCE is connected to the input end of the electronic tube T1, and the signal generator can output signals of various waveforms such as square wave, sine wave, triangular wave, etc., because T1 is an electronic tube, Its high input impedance enables connection to most signal generators. After the input signal is preliminarily amplified by T1, it is coupled to the secondary by TR1 and reaches the cathodes of four 6p14 tubes in T2-T5. The four 6p14 tubes in T2-T5 form a push-pull amplifier circuit, and the amplified signal is passed through TR2. The primary is coupled to the secondary, and after being acted on by the frequency fine-tuning circuit composed of C9 and TR13, it reaches the cathodes of T6-T9, a total of 4 FU33 electron tubes, and a total of 4 FU33 electron tubes in T6-T9 still form a push-pull amplifier circuit. After amplification, the TR3 is coupled to the coil TR12 of the split magnetic ring assembly BMR, and the split magnetic ring assembly BMR outputs energy to the outside.
本发明的优越性在于：1、对工件进行加热的感应器件是无冷却工作方式的开口磁环组件BMR，开口磁环组件BMR上的线圈TR12内通过的电流，其频率、波形由信号发生器SOURCE可调节；2、开口磁环组件BMR的外形、开口角度、形状、开口截面形状可根据被加热工件的外形和加热要求进行加工定制；3、功率输出单元是为开口磁环BMR提供电功率的装置，是由四个自然冷却的玻璃封装电子管组成，例如国产的FU-33等，电路组成为推挽放大器形式。The advantage of the present invention is: 1, the induction device that workpiece is heated is the open magnetic ring assembly BMR of non-cooling mode of operation, the electric current that passes in the coil TR12 on the open magnetic ring assembly BMR, its frequency, waveform are determined by signal generator SOURCE is adjustable; 2. The shape, opening angle, shape, and cross-section shape of the open magnetic ring assembly BMR can be customized according to the shape of the workpiece to be heated and heating requirements; 3. The power output unit is to provide electric power for the open magnetic ring BMR The device is composed of four naturally cooled glass-encapsulated electron tubes, such as domestic FU-33, etc., and the circuit is in the form of a push-pull amplifier.
(四)附图说明：(4) Description of drawings:
附图1为本发明所涉一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置的电路原理框图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic block diagram of the circuit of a high-frequency heating device in the form of open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating according to the present invention.
附图2为本发明所涉本发明所涉一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置的电路结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a high-frequency heating device of the open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method involved in the present invention.
附图3为本发明所涉本发明所涉一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置的开口磁环结构及工作状态示意图(图中被加热工件上的颜色的深浅表示被加热时温度的高低，浅处为高温，深处为低温)。Accompanying drawing 3 is the open magnetic ring structure and working state schematic diagram of the high-frequency heating device of a kind of open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating method involved in the present invention (the depth of the color on the heated workpiece in the figure represents when being heated The height of the temperature, the shallow is high temperature, and the deep is low temperature).
附图4为图3的俯视图。Accompanying drawing 4 is the plan view of Fig. 3.
其中：BMR为磁环组件，TR12为磁环组件上的线圈，ABJ为被加热工件。Among them: BMR is the magnetic ring assembly, TR12 is the coil on the magnetic ring assembly, and ABJ is the workpiece to be heated.
(五)具体实施方式：(5) Specific implementation methods:
实施例：一种开口磁环感应涡流加热方式的高频加热装置(见图1-4)，其特征在于它是由信号发生器、信号推动电路、前级推动电路、功率调整电路、功率输出电路、开口磁环、前级供电电路、功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路、功率输出电路的供电电路及灯丝供电电路所构成(见图1)；所说的信号发生器的输出端连接信号推动电路的输入端，信号推动电路的输出端连接前级推动电路的输入端，前级推动电路的输出端连接功率调整电路的输入端，功率调整电路的输出端连接功率输出电路的输入端，功率输出电路的输出端连接开口磁环；所说的前级供电电路的供电输出端分别与信号推动电路和前级推动电路的供电端相连接；功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路的供电输出端与功率调整电路的供电端相连接，其反馈输出电路的信号输入端耦合连接于置于功率调整电路与功率输出电路间的可控硅供电回路变压器，功率输出电路的供电电路的供电输出端与功率输出电路的供电端相连接；灯丝供电电路的供电输出端与信号推动电路、前级推动电路、功率调整电路、功率输出电路的灯丝供电端相连接；所说的前级供电电路、功率调整电路的供电与反馈输出电路、功率输出电路的供电电路及灯丝供电电路分别与市电相连接。Embodiment: A kind of high-frequency heating device of open magnetic ring induction eddy current heating mode (see Fig. 1-4), it is characterized in that it is made up of signal generator, signal driving circuit, pre-stage driving circuit, power adjustment circuit, power output Circuit, open magnetic ring, pre-stage power supply circuit, power supply and feedback output circuit of power adjustment circuit, power supply circuit of power output circuit and filament power supply circuit (see Figure 1); the output terminal of said signal generator is connected to signal The input end of the push circuit, the output end of the signal push circuit is connected to the input end of the pre-stage push circuit, the output end of the pre-stage push circuit is connected to the input end of the power adjustment circuit, and the output end of the power adjustment circuit is connected to the input end of the power output circuit, The output end of the power output circuit is connected to the open magnetic ring; the power supply output end of the said pre-stage power supply circuit is respectively connected with the power supply end of the signal push circuit and the pre-stage push circuit; the power supply of the power adjustment circuit and the power supply output of the feedback output circuit The terminal is connected to the power supply terminal of the power adjustment circuit, and the signal input end of the feedback output circuit is coupled and connected to the thyristor power supply circuit transformer placed between the power adjustment circuit and the power output circuit, and the power supply output end of the power supply circuit of the power output circuit It is connected with the power supply end of the power output circuit; the power supply output end of the filament power supply circuit is connected with the signal push circuit, the pre-stage push circuit, the power adjustment circuit, and the filament power supply end of the power output circuit; the said pre-stage power supply circuit, power The power supply and feedback output circuit of the adjustment circuit, the power supply circuit of the power output circuit and the filament power supply circuit are respectively connected to the mains.
上述所说的功率调整电路由T2-T5、R7、R8、R9、R10、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、TR2、C8、TR7及其附属电路由常规连接所构成(见图2)，TR7负责功率调整单元电路的供电，次级回路有双向可控硅SCR，该可控硅的控制由控制单元GD1实现，GD1的供电由TR6实现，双向可控硅SCR与回路的接入点分别是CR1和CR2，TR7的次级回路经双向可控硅SCR后与BR3组成桥式整流，为功率输出单元提供阴极电压，控制单元GD1对双向可控硅SCR的控制作用由可变电阻R35进行调整，可变电阻电位的变化，引起双向可控硅TCR的导通变化，又引起功率输出单元中T6-T9的阴极电位变化，同时引起T6-T9的输出电流的变化。The above-mentioned power adjustment circuit is composed of T2-T5, R7, R8, R9, R10, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, TR2, C8, TR7 and their auxiliary circuits are formed by conventional connections (see Figure 2), TR7 is responsible for the power supply of the power adjustment unit circuit. The secondary circuit has a bidirectional thyristor SCR. The control of the thyristor is realized by the control unit GD1. The power supply of GD1 is realized by TR6. The bidirectional thyristor SCR and the access point of the circuit are respectively It is CR1 and CR2, and the secondary circuit of TR7 forms a bridge rectifier with BR3 after passing through the bidirectional thyristor SCR to provide the cathode voltage for the power output unit. The control function of the control unit GD1 on the bidirectional thyristor SCR is carried out by the variable resistor R35 Adjustment, the change of the potential of the variable resistor causes the conduction change of the bidirectional thyristor TCR, causes the change of the cathode potential of T6-T9 in the power output unit, and causes the change of the output current of T6-T9 at the same time.
上述所说的功率输出电路由T6-T9、R21-R24、R19、R20、R27一R30、R25、R26、TR2、、TR13、C9、TR4及其附属电路由常规连接所构成(见图2)，TR4是提供功率输出单元的供电的升压变压器，次级输出经BR1高压整流后经TR3同时为T6-T9，共4个FU33电子管的屏极供电，T6-T9共4个FU33电子管的灯丝电压来自于TR9的次级TR11。The power output circuit mentioned above is composed of T6-T9, R21-R24, R19, R20, R27-R30, R25, R26, TR2,, TR13, C9, TR4 and its auxiliary circuits are formed by conventional connections (see Figure 2) , TR4 is a step-up transformer that provides power supply for the power output unit. The secondary output is rectified by BR1 and then TR3 supplies power to the screen electrodes of T6-T9, a total of 4 FU33 electronic tubes. T6-T9 has a total of 4 filaments of FU33 electronic tubes. The voltage comes from the secondary TR11 of TR9.
上述所说的开口磁环由开口磁环组件BMR和工作线圈TR12由常规连接所构成(见图3、4)，开口磁环组件BMR上套有工作线圈TR12，TR12上通过交变电流产生交变磁场，依有导磁作用的开口磁环组件，被加热工件置于开口磁环组件形成的磁场涡流回路中。The split magnetic ring mentioned above is composed of the split magnetic ring assembly BMR and the working coil TR12 by conventional connections (see Figures 3 and 4). The split magnetic ring assembly BMR is covered with the working coil TR12, and the alternating current generates an alternating The variable magnetic field is based on the open magnetic ring assembly with magnetic conduction, and the heated workpiece is placed in the magnetic field eddy current circuit formed by the open magnetic ring assembly.
上述所说的开口磁环组件BMR(见图3、4)可由铁氧体等市售的磁导率材料制成，也可由纳米级耐高温的高磁导率材料制成，上述所说的开口磁环组件其外形可为圆环；所说的开口角度为45度，开口截面形状为平面形状。The above-mentioned split magnetic ring assembly BMR (see Figures 3 and 4) can be made of commercially available magnetic permeability materials such as ferrite, and can also be made of nano-scale high-temperature-resistant high-magnetic permeability materials. The above-mentioned The shape of the split magnetic ring assembly can be a ring; the opening angle is 45 degrees, and the cross-sectional shape of the opening is a plane shape.
上述所说的开口磁环组件的外形、开口角度、形状、开口截面形状可根据被加工件的工艺要求具体加工。The shape, opening angle, shape, and opening cross-section shape of the above-mentioned split magnetic ring assembly can be specifically processed according to the technological requirements of the workpiece.
上述所说的前级推动电路是由T2-T5、R5-R18、C6-C8、TR1次级、TR9及其附属电路由常规连接所构成(见图2)，前级推动单元的供电来自于TR9，其次级接有整流输出BR4，通过稳压集成电路LM317为前级推动单元提供稳定工作电压，该电压通过TR2的初级与T2-T5共4个6p14电子管的屏极连接，并为此提供上述电子管的屏极电压，同时，稳压集成LM3 17的输出经R16后为T2-T5共4个6p14电子管提供栅极电压。The above-mentioned pre-stage driving circuit is composed of T2-T5, R5-R18, C6-C8, TR1 secondary, TR9 and its auxiliary circuits are composed of conventional connections (see Figure 2), and the power supply of the pre-stage driving unit comes from TR9, whose secondary is connected with rectified output BR4, provides a stable working voltage for the pre-stage driving unit through the voltage regulator integrated circuit LM317, and the voltage is connected to the screen electrodes of four 6p14 tubes of T2-T5 through the primary of TR2, and provides The screen electrode voltage of the above-mentioned electron tubes, at the same time, the output of the stabilized voltage integrated LM3 17 provides the gate voltage for a total of four 6p14 electron tubes of T2-T5 after passing through R16.
上述所说的与前级推动电路相连接的LM317为市售的稳压集成电路(见图2)。The above-mentioned LM317 connected to the pre-stage driving circuit is a commercially available voltage stabilizing integrated circuit (see Figure 2).
上述所说的信号推动单元是由T1、R1-R4、次级、C1-C5、TR9及其附属电路由常规连接所构成(见图2)，信号推动电路的工作电压来自于稳压集成LM317的输出经Rl1后经OTR1至T1的屏极，而R1、R2、R3组成T1的偏压形成电路。The signal driving unit mentioned above is composed of T1, R1-R4, secondary, C1-C5, TR9 and its auxiliary circuits by conventional connections (see Figure 2). The working voltage of the signal driving circuit comes from the regulated integrated LM317 The output of Rl1 passes through OTR1 to the screen pole of T1 after passing through Rl1, and R1, R2, R3 form the bias voltage forming circuit of T1.
上述所说的信号发生器为市售的信号发生器SOURCE(见图2)。The signal generator mentioned above is a commercially available signal generator SOURCE (see Figure 2).
上述所说的为开口磁环组件BMR提供电功率的功率输出电路是由四个自然冷却的玻璃封装电子管组成，电路组成为推挽放大器形式(见图2)。The above-mentioned power output circuit that provides electric power for the open magnetic ring assembly BMR is composed of four naturally cooled glass-encapsulated electron tubes, and the circuit is composed of a push-pull amplifier (see Figure 2).
上述所说的自然冷却的玻璃封装电子管可以采用市售的国产FU-33(见图2)。The above-mentioned naturally cooled glass-encapsulated electronic tube can use commercially available domestic FU-33 (see Figure 2).
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