CN1207372C - 一种柴油混合燃料 - Google Patents

一种柴油混合燃料 Download PDF

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CN1207372C
CN1207372C CN 03121144 CN03121144A CN1207372C CN 1207372 C CN1207372 C CN 1207372C CN 03121144 CN03121144 CN 03121144 CN 03121144 A CN03121144 A CN 03121144A CN 1207372 C CN1207372 C CN 1207372C
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ethanol
diesel oil
diesel
fuel
mixed fuel
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CN1443831A (zh
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王建昕
何邦全
帅石金
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Tsinghua University
Suzhou Automotive Research Institute of Tsinghua University
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Abstract

一种柴油混合燃料，涉及一种乙醇-柴油混合燃料。该混合燃料含体积百分比5～30%的乙醇、60～90%的轻柴油和5～10%甲酯。本发明制备工艺简单，成本低廉，而且这种燃料长期存放不分层；将该混合燃料应用于柴油机上，在不作任何调整的条件下就可降低柴油机的烟度30-80%，具有显著的石油燃料替代性和环保效益，易于推广。

Description

一种柴油混合燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柴油混合燃料，特别涉及一种乙醇-柴油混合燃料。
背景技术
柴油机在中、高负荷运行时会排出大量的黑烟与微粒，传统的柴油难以解决这些问题。乙醇是含氧、可再生的生物燃料。由生物质制取的乙醇燃料在其能量自然循环过程中不会增加大气中的温室气体净释放量，而且可以实现清洁燃烧、降低柴油机的碳烟排放；此外，使用乙醇还能部分替代石油燃料，缓解能源供应紧张局面。但乙醇的粘度低，随着乙醇-柴油燃料中乙醇体积份数的增加，混合燃料的粘度下降；而且乙醇是极性分子，难于与柴油互溶，并且乙醇-柴油混合燃料的稳定性受柴油的成份、含水量、相对密度、环境温度和乙醇添加量的影响。目前常用的方法是使用增溶剂来提高乙醇-柴油的稳定性。以下文献公开了一些与乙醇-柴油相关的内容，例如“Alcohol-diesel engine fuel oil blend-using gasoline ascompatibilising agent”(Patent numbers：JP58208391-A；JP91072679-B；US4509953-A)利用汽油作为乙醇-柴油的助溶剂，助溶效果与丙醇相当；“Compatibility improver for ablended fuel compsn.-contg.Ethanol and hydrocarbon fuel is a monohydric alcohol”(Patent numbers：JP58008793-A)，利用辛醇或正癸醇解决乙醇与烷类燃料的互溶。另外美国Pure Energy公司研制了Puranol添加剂用于解决乙醇与柴油的混合，使用1-3％的Puranol添加剂可以帮助15％的乙醇-柴油燃料的互溶。参见“Ahmed I.，2001.Oxygenated Diesel：Emissions and Performance Characteristics of Ethanol-Diesel Blends in CI Engines.SAE technical paper，2001-01-2475.”。
上述专利技术或文献中所公开的在乙醇和柴油中的添加剂，有的不能解决高比例的乙醇掺混比或不能保证乙醇-柴油的长期稳定；有的添加剂价格昂贵，从而增加了燃料的成本和车辆的使用成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供乙醇-柴油混合燃料，该燃料可有效地降低柴油机的微粒排放，性能稳定，原料来源丰富，制造成本低，具有显著的石油燃料替代性和环保效益，易于推广。
本发明提供的乙醇-柴油混合燃料，其特征在于：一种柴油混合燃料，含有乙醇和轻柴油，其特征在于还含有甲酯，其体积百分比含量为：
轻柴油：60-90％
乙醇：5-30％
甲酯：5-10％。
本发明所述的甲酯优选为脂肪酸甲酯。
本发明还提供了制备上述柴油混合燃料的方法，其特征在于该方法按如下步骤进行：在常温下按比例先将乙醇与甲酯混合均匀，然后再与轻柴油相混。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及突出性效果：甲酯是一种生物质含氧燃料，其十六烷值高(如海南正和生物能源公司生产的生物柴油，十六烷值大于52.9)，原料来源丰富。以甲酯作为增溶剂可以进一步提高乙醇-甲酯-柴油混合燃料的含氧量和十六烷值，并能部分恢复其粘度指标，减少供油系统的磨损。这种乙醇-甲酯-柴油燃料的制备工艺简单，成本低廉，而且这种燃料长期存放不分层。将该混合燃料应用于柴油机上，在不作任何调整的条件下就可降低柴油机的烟度30-80％(其效果随乙醇和甲酯添加量的不同而异)，具有显著的石油燃料替代性和环保效益，易于推广。
具体实施方式
本发明中所述的甲酯采用一种由植物油经酯化而制备的脂肪酸甲酯混合物，其分子式为RCOOCH3，其中R是烷基团(对于油菜籽油制备的甲酯，R为C11-C17)。在乙醇-甲酯-柴油混合燃料的制备过程中，先将5-30％体积份数的乙醇与5-10％体积份数的甲酯混合均匀，再将其与60-90％体积份数的轻柴油相混，即可实现乙醇-甲酯-柴油混合燃料的互溶。
实施例1：
采用海南正和生物能源公司生产的甲酯(生物柴油)，将体积比为5％的乙醇和5％的甲酯共混，然后与90％的轻柴油混合，所得混合燃料长时间存放不分层，而且与使用纯柴油时相比，在柴油机满负荷时的烟度可降低30％。
实施例2：
将体积比为10％的乙醇和10％甲酯(同实施例1)共混，然后与80％轻柴油混合，所得混合燃料长时间存放不分层，而且与使用纯柴油时相比，在柴油机满负荷时的烟度可降低40％。
实施例3：
将体积比为30％的乙醇和10％甲酯(同实施例1)共混，然后与60％轻柴油混合，所得混合燃料长时间存放不分层，而且与使用纯柴油时相比，在柴油机满负荷时的烟度可降低80％。

Claims (2)

1.一种柴油混合燃料，含有乙醇和轻柴油，其特征在于还含有脂肪酸甲酯，其体积百分比含量为：
轻柴油：      60-90％
乙醇：        5-30％
脂肪酸甲酯：  5-10％。
2.制备如权利要求1所述的柴油混合燃料的方法，其特征在于该方法按如下步骤进行：在常温下按比例先将乙醇与脂肪酸甲酯混合均匀，然后再与轻柴油相混。
CN 03121144 2003-03-28 2003-03-28 一种柴油混合燃料 Expired - Lifetime CN1207372C (zh)

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CN1293170C (zh) * 2004-08-18 2007-01-03 吉林大学 乙醇柴油混和燃料及助溶剂配方

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