CN1204303A - Water desalination - Google Patents

Abstract

A desalination plant (10) is disclosed which includes a pump for pumping water at a pressure of between 50 and 65 Bar to a generally cylindrical filter element (30) which includes a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes defining salt passages. Immediately upstream of the filter element (30) there is a disc (40) with a plurality of holes (44) in it. The disc (40) forms an obstruction which causes a pressure drop between the upstream side thereof and the downstream side. It also divides the water flow into a series of separate streams which impinge on the end of the filter element and flow into the salt passages. The water downstream of the obstruction is not only at a lower pressure than the water upstream of the obstruction but also is flowing turbulently. The disc (40) and filter element (30) are in a cylindrical casing (12). The brine which emerges from the filter element, and which is still at a substantial pressure, can be fed through a device such as a Pelton wheel to recover some of the residual energy therefrom.

Description

Water desalination

Invention scope

The present invention relates to water desalination, promptly from seawater and salt concentration water, remove soluble solids.

Background of invention

We often discuss the shortage of tap water and irrigation water.The bed rearrangement city must be abandoned because of arid all the year round in some area in the world.

It is inexhaustible to have seawater only in the world; But make water desalination in a large number and when being used to supply important population center or large-scale irrigation project, its cost is very high.The running of a variety of demineralization plants is based on reverse osmosis.In such equipment, need desalination the seawater pressurized and by semi permeable barrier film; Like this, soluble solids is promptly removed by barrier film.The work of other types equipment is to be evaporated to the basis.

The subject matter of above-mentioned two kinds of methods is resulting water, is pure distilled water during with distillating method, and when using reverse osmosis, resulting water and distilled water have the purity of same degree.In fact, all former dissolved mineral substance remove from seawater fully.The water of calcic or magnesium is not understood the metal object that etch metal pipe-wall and other are contacted fully.Therefore, these mineral substance must add in the gained water again.And distilled water is tasteless, and lacks necessary mineral substance; Be unsuitable for human long-term drinking.Therefore, with regard to drinking purpose, must add the mineral substance of certain limit, make it become acceptable tap water by light distilled water.In aforementioned two kinds of methods, the necessary mineral substance that seawater has is byproduct in this process.All need huge cost with aforementioned any device fabrication water, this is to need very expensive owing to adding the necessary mineral substance in the water again to and reaching this purpose required equipment.

In evaporation equipment, evaporation seawater required electric power, its cost are quite big when calculating with per 1,000,000 liters of distilled water.

The reverse osmosis barrier film is the widely used a kind of form of unitized construction, comprises the salt passage that is made of two-layer composite polymeric resin film.In passage, has the element of inducing turbulent flow.This element is the screen cloth that fuses of strands of plastic material normally.A considerable amount of this barrier films are packed in the mode of complexity in the central canal member.Seawater by this film enters between the two adjacent barrier films, flow to subsequently in the central canal member.Porose on this tube wall, allow reuse water to enter in the pipe.Salt solution is that throw out and a large amount of dissolved solids of seawater flows to outside the salt passage, topples over or delivers to salt recovery plant.

Technician in this technology thinks each salt passage both sides and be close to each film place and have the concentration polarization layer.These polarization layers with polymolecular thickness have than salt passage between film midway the part the body flow in higher soluble solids concentration.Turbulent flow induces element can reduce the thickness of concentration polarization layer, and strengthens the ability that barrier film passes through penetration of sea water, and the reverse osmosis barrier film of typical modern crafts can reach 99.3% dissolved solids and leach rate.Contain a large amount of salts by membranous dissolved solids, this is less than most of other mineral substance molecules because of molecules of salt.The dissolved solids that per-cent 0.7% is illustrated in the reuse water, its amount are 1,000,000/400-500; This should decide on the initial seawater saltness, and this per-cent is lower than dissolved solids and makes water contain flavoursome threshold value.

It is a subject matter that the membranous pollution of reverse osmosis is blocked, and must take to increase the measure of aquatic product cost, blocks to prevent from and to remove to pollute.Polluting the formation of blocking is because mineral substance is deposited on the barrier film or because organism growth.For example, before seawater arrives at barrier film, handle through inhibitor earlier as Sodium hexametaphosphate 99 (being commonly called as shrimp).This measure can limit calcium and magnesium precipitate on barrier film and form calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, but can increase other production cost factor.

Barrier film manufacturers suggestion uses quite low flux rate (with every square metre of litre/per hour as the water of Units of Account by membranous flow velocity) can avoid quick pollution.The back flushing barrier film promptly, makes water in the other direction by the salt passage, is to remove the standard method of polluting.If the barrier film severe contamination, it must be removed from reclaim equiment and with various processing modes removing pollutions.When pollution clean-up does not fall, promptly should abandon barrier film.

The water that aforementioned factor is produced reverse osmosis equipment consumes higher cost than reservoir or river purification of water gained water.Therefore, no matter world's lack of water what state, with the water that reverse osmosis equipment is produced water desalination, its proportion is very low.Goal of the invention

Main purpose of the present invention is to improve the efficient of reverse osmosis process, with the cost of remarkable reduction reverse osmosis process production water, prevents that the reverse osmosis barrier film from polluting, and need the process of adding can not produce the water with desired mineral substance.

The invention summary

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of reverse osmosis desalination equipment, this equipment comprises filtering element; This filtering element has the reverse osmosis barrier film that constitutes the salt passage; A pumping needs the pump of the water of desalination to this filtering element; And hindering member, this obstructions member is arranged in the current between this pump and this filtering element, induces mobile water to become turbulent and makes water step-down by the obstruction member; Like this, the downstream water of obstruction member enters the pressure of filtering element promptly less than the upstream hydraulic pressure that hinders member, and current are than the more disturbance of water that hinders member upstream.

The configuration that hinders member preferably is writing board shape, and has a plurality of holes thereon; Like this, flowing water promptly can be obstructed and be split into and have the conical turbulent current of deviating in a large number; The pressure of each strand current is less than the hydraulic pressure of this plate upstream.Hole in this plate, its size can be inequality, also can be same size.This plate optimum configuration is in the form of annular discs, and arrange at its drum center, hole shape mode in the shape of a spiral.Another kind is configured as the hole and is circular arrangement, and another is configured as the hole and is the radiation-like arrangement from disk center.

If necessary, a series of throttling valve can be set to change the circulation area of plate hole; This hole is used for setting up independent current.

According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of water desalination method here, this method comprises pumping needs the water of desalination to be the filter element part; This filtering element comprises the reverse osmosis barrier film that constitutes the salt passage; Make the water step-down that flow to filtering element and induce current to become turbulent flow simultaneously; And transmitting turbulent water with low pressure has been in the salt passage of filter element part.

In a preferred embodiment, water is divided into a plurality of disturbances, coniform, dispersive current by above-mentioned obstruction member; This obstruction member can reduce hydraulic pressure and induce it to become turbulent flow, and each turbulent flow strikes on the filtering element.

Find, intake pressure be 50 to 65 the crust and pressure reduce to 1.5 to 2.0 the crust between the time, can obtain optimum.The method according to this invention and equipment contain the dissolved solids of tolerance interval, i.e. mineral substance in the reuse water.Because having enough dissolved solidss makes reuse water contain acceptable taste.So this reuse water does not need to add mineral substance again.Can the etch metal tube and the calcium and the magnesium of joint because reuse water contains not, so need not add this quasi-mineral more yet.

When be sure oing to induce water to enter membranous salt passage in turbulent mode, the concentration polarization layer reduces its thickness.Flow rate is increased, but do not increase the pollution that should not have.Further effect is to remove ordinary salt especially, still makes mineral substance pass through barrier film, but can not increase the saltiness in the reuse water, makes it reach unacceptable degree.Experimental results show that change pressure falls and turbulent flow, for example, change the size in the hole that hinders member, when it formed obstruction, the amount of different dissolved solidss was passed through barrier film under the may command situation.Test and experimental results show that and can borrow change pressure fall with turbulent, can regenerate has the water of predetermined dissolved solids.

The further advantage that experimental results show that is polluted and can be reduced significantly for when turbulent water supplies to barrier film.

The salt solution that conventional reverse osmosis equipment is discharged is heavier than seawater, can sink when the ocean is gone back in dispatch.But the salt solution of discharging according to demineralization plant of the present invention is when the ocean is gone back in dispatch, initially as floating like the feather but not sink.Salt solution can give aeration, and the aeration agent is an oxygen.And, in reuse water, can retain oxygen bubble.

Evidence regeneration and salt solution oxygen level are more than the amount that is dissolved in the seawater based on oxygen.Even the reason that the water oxygen bubble is very little is still have sizable pressure at the water that hinders the member downstream, for example, the pressure of 45 to 50 crust.Small bubbles in disturbance water are considered to play certain effect in reducing the concentration polarization layer thickness.As if bubble work also to prevent that barrier film from polluting.

Brief description of drawings

For understanding the present invention better, use embodiment specially and, illustrate how it carries out with reference to accompanying drawing; Accompanying drawing is:

Figure 1A and Figure 1B are for constituting the unitary axial, cross-sectional view of desalination of a demineralization plant part;

Fig. 2 is the amplification sectional view of this one end, unit in the same equipment shown in explanation Figure 1A and Figure 1B;

Fig. 3 is the top view of dish member;

Fig. 4 is this unitary modification amplification sectional view shown in explanation Figure 1A of same equipment shown in Figure 2 and Figure 1B;

Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are the top views of another kind of type disc member;

Fig. 6 is the sectional view of demineralization plant hand-manipulated;

Fig. 7 drives the synoptic diagram of demineralization plant for motor;

Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the demineralization plant of another kind of type;

Fig. 9 is the demineralization plant synoptic diagram that can be immersed in the seawater;

Figure 10 is the water desalination layout of equipment;

Figure 11 is the demineralization plant explanatory view that can be immersed in the seawater;

Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B are the demineralization plant explanatory views in single shell;

Figure 13 is the demineralization plant explanatory view that floats; And

Figure 14 is water tank and piping system explanatory view thereof.

The detailed description of accompanying drawing

At first with reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, the unitary label of the desalination that illustrates among the figure is 10, and it comprises cylindrical outside shell 12; This shell has and covers 14 and 16 and be fixed in two ends.Water inlet pipe 18 is by end cap 14 and transmit seawater to the working spaces 20 for the seawater that contains soluble solids.Water inlet pipe 18 is connected to the pressure end (not shown among Figure 1A) of pump, and this end can be carried seawater by 50 to 65 pressure that cling to.Salt water delivery pipe 22 from the working spaces 24 by end cap 16. Lip seal member 26 and 28 is around end cap 14 and 16 and make end cap 14 and 16 and shell 12 sealing.

Label 30 is the osmosis filtration element, and it is installed in the shell 12.Element 30 comprises filter structure 32, and this filter structure 32 has central canal 34; This central canal constitutes the reuse water water shoot of filtering element 30.Pipe 34 has many holes 36, and at one end by end cap 16.The other end of pipe 34 then is supported on (see figure 2) in the dark pod 38, and this dark pod 38 is positioned among the disk shaped support plate 40.Dish 40 and end cap 14 constitute the locular wall of working spacess 20.Lip seal member 42 is configured between dish 40 and the shell 12.Between dish 40 and filtering element 30, the space (see figure 2) is arranged.

Filtering element 30 comprises: except that filter structure 32, still have semi-permeable membrane; This barrier film is wound on the filter structure 32.Twine appropriate barrier film and fill up space between filter structure 32 and shell 12 internal surfaces, and, be filled in the space of 24 of dish 40 and chambers away from the space of 40 on itself and dish.

Be applicable to the Filmtec Subsidiary Company manufacturing and sale of commercial filtering element of the present invention by Dow chemical company.This product be numbered FT30.United States Patent (USP) 4277344 describes the barrier film with principle of reverse osmosis work in detail.The winding of filtering element 30 septations is quite complicated.Begin to twine into a series of flat bag, twine these bags again to filter structure 32 in overlapped mode then.

Coil 40 (see figure 3)s and have eight groups of holes 44.1,44.2 ...Hole not of uniform size; In the embodiment of explanation, eight groups of holes are of a size of 8.805mm, 9.185mm, 8.077mm, 7.772mm, 7.675mm, 7.351mm, 7.094mm and 7.881mm.The diameter of dish 40 is approximately 20cm, and its diameter also is the internal diameter of shell 12 and the external diameter of filtering element 30.

Reaching at it and twine between appropriate barrier film at the rear of dish 40 is star wheel 46 (its profile as shown in Figure 3); This star wheel comprises the center shell, outer shroud, and some width of cloth bars are between shell and ring.Star wheel 46 is parts of filtering element and can obtains from Filmtec company, and constitutes a series of open wedge.Each hole 44.1,44.2 is positioned at the certain position of these openings; Like this, each strand current can impinge upon on the filtering element.

When the seawater pressurized flow through throttle orifice, seawater coning sprayed from the hole, split into the globule after leaving hole one segment distance.In the hole be cleaved into the conical portion oneself disturbance of the current between the globule place and form eddy current with vortex.The configuration of filtering element 30 can make that effusive current such as 44.1 places such as grade impinge upon on the filtering element from the hole, and flows into the salt passage before splitting into droplet.In illustrated unit, stoped the current division, this is because after water began to flow, the space that dish 40 and filtering element are 30 can be full of seawater immediately under pressure.

The applicant for a patent finds, is input to seawater in the filtering element 30 with specified pressure and do not remove 99.3% dissolved solids, only removes the dissolved solids of few percent.The system that has aforesaid dish 40 and intake with 50 bar pressures can make water desalination and obtain tap water, and gained water reaches the ordered standard of the standard 241-1984 of South African Bureau of Standard.

When the pressure in the working spaces 20 was about 50 crust, the downstream of hole 44.1,44.2 grades can obtain the pressure of 48.5 to 49.5 crust.The applicant for a patent also records water and had slight temperature at 40 o'clock and rise passing dish, and supposes that this is owing to induce the result of turbulent flow in current.

Structure shown in Figure 4 is different from Figure 1A, Figure 1B, Fig. 2, and situation shown in Figure 3; Wherein, the different pressures that coils 40 downstreams is by the throttling valve 48 of annular array and obtain.Valve 48 comprises living and opens the door or diaphragm, changing valid circulation area, and combine with the obstruction member of inducing turbulent flow and causes pressure decline.Each valve 48 all has a umbilical cable 50, and every pipe all has a valve 48 in 52, and each is managed 52 and has identical diameter and by dish 40, valve 48 is an electrically operated, and the folding degree can be controlled by program controller.52 pressure that export are respectively managed in the decision that is provided with of each valve 48.Changing pressure by controller can make the dissolved solids in the reuse water change as requested.Valve shown in the figure is coiling 40 rears, but uses in the structure, the also outlet of adjacent discs 40 mesopores among the Ying Zaipan.

Dish 40 shown in Figure 3, circular permutation is done in the hole above it.Hole shown in Fig. 5 A is made form concentric spirals and is arranged; The direction of spiral is identical with winding direction in the filtering element 30.Hole shown in Fig. 5 B is made radiation-like and is arranged.Hole shown in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B is all less than hole shown in Figure 3, and quantity increases.

Consult Fig. 6, manual water desalination equipment 54 comprises cylindrical outside shell 56, wherein has commercial filtering element 58, and it is the filtering element of label 30 shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B as described above.Containment member 60 is looped around on the filtering element 58, can prevent sealing seepage between shell 56 and filtering element 58.Contiguous filtering element 58 1 end places are dishes 62.Has containment member 64 at dish 62 and 56 on shell.Retaining ring 66 prevents to coil 62 and is moved to the left.

Hole in the dish 62 is not shown.Dish 62 and 58 of filtering elements have the space.Contiguous filtering element 58 the other ends have an end cap 68, and this covers has water outlet center bor 70 and pass through, and has inferior vestibule 72 in addition in vestibule 70 1 sides.

Illustrated filtering element 58 has central canal 74, and this pipe stretches to two ends from twining barrier film.One of central canal 74 is sat up straight in the dark pod 76 that drops on dish 62, and its other end is inserted in the center bor 70 of end cap 68.Vestibule 72 communicates with working spaces 78, and this chamber is between the adjacent ends of end cap 68 and filtering element 58.

Filtering element 58, dish 62 reaches the explanation of end cap 68 as Figure 1A and Figure 1B, and therefore, these elements constitute desalination unit 10.

The shell 56 that coils 62 left sides forms the cylinder that supplies piston 80 usefulness.Piston 80 comprises piston rod 82, and this bar passes sealed structure 84 from shell 56, and star wheel 86 makes sealed structure 84 keep the location.

Two lip seal members 88 and 90 and O shape corral on piston rod 80.

Operation handle arm 94 is connected on the piston rod 82 by slip coupled modes (not shown).One connecting rod 96 connects handle 94 to end plate 98 with the pivot flowing mode, and this end plate is fixed on the flange 100 of shell 56.When shaking handle 94, piston 80 is promptly reciprocating in cylinder.

Vestibule 72 is connected to working spaces 104 by pipe 102, and this chamber is around piston rod 82 and sealed structure 84.

Check valve 106 allows seawater inlet chamber 108, and this chamber is between dish 62 and piston 80.Valve 106 is installed in shell 56 shell wall upper sheds place, and pressure release orifice 110 also is configured on shell 56 shell walls.

Delivery pipe (not shown) spiral is connected in the chamber 70, and reuse water promptly flows into this delivery pipe by pipe 74.

When using water desalination equipment shown in Figure 6, shell 56 and be dipped in the salt solution of need desalination or the valve 106 in the brackish water is connected.Push away or handle 94 upper ends to shown position, make piston 80 reciprocating.When piston to left movement, valve 106 is opened and is made saline taste water or brackish water suction chamber 108.When pushing handle 94 left, piston 80 its working strokes of beginning and to dish 62 motions.Chamber 108 internal pressures raise, and valve 106 is closed immediately.Seawater in the chamber 108 is a pressurized and by the hole of dish in 62, pass through filtering element 58 again, discharges through managing 74 by filtering element 58 gained drinkable water; Gained salt solution is then from the chamber 72 and manage 102 and discharge.Piston 80 continues to move right until lip seal member 90 by till the valve 106.

After handle 94 came and went for several times, pressure was promptly set up in pipe 102, then set up in chamber 104.Piston 80 forward strokes, obviously managed 102 and chamber 104 in the help of pressure.When the forward stroke of piston 80 arrived the summit, lip seal member 88 reduced the pressure of chamber 104 promptly by pressure release orifice 110.Like this, the backward stroke of piston 80 can not be subjected to stopping of chamber 104 internal pressures.

Forcing seawater to pass through filtering element 58, and it is divided into drink current and the required pressure of salt solution current, is 15 to 20 crust for brackish water, is 50 to 65 crust for seawater.Required pressure becomes with the amount of dissolved solids in the water.The pressure of loss is quite little in filtering element 58, when the salt water pressure of pipe in 102 is about seawater and enters filtering element 58 75% to 85% of pressure.The pressure of many drinks can lose because of the operation of aforementioned assistance pump.

With reference to Fig. 7, the equipment of water desalination shown in the figure comprises shell 112, and this shell is vertically arranged.The shell two ends are by end cap 114 and 116 closures, and seal with the wear ring (not shown) with 112 on shell at end cap 114 and 116.Be working spaces 118 and coil 120 under the end cap 114.Coiling 120 belows is filtering element 122.Dish 120 and 122 of filtering elements have space 124.

Filtering element 122 has a central canal 126.Manage 126 upper ends by dish 120 location, manage 126 lower ends then by end cap 116 location.Water inlet pipe 128 is connected to chamber 118.Salt solution water shoot 130 is connected to end cap 116, and tap water water shoot 132 is connected to pipe 126 upper ends by end cap 114.For example, coil 120 as Fig. 3, the configuration shown in Fig. 5 A or Fig. 5 B.Aforesaid member is formed desalination unit 10.

Vertically the Grunfos type pump of arranging 134 removes sea brine pond or other desire desalination water source by strainer 138 its suction water inlet pipe 136 of connection to need.Pipe 128 is received the pressure export of pump 134, and in pipe 128 control valve 140 is arranged.

Pipe 130 is connected to Pelton wheel 146 through T shape pipe 142 and control valve 144.T shape is managed 142 the other ends and is connected to wastewater drainage pipe 150 through control valve 148, and salt solution promptly is discharged to wastewater disposal basin by this pipe.The waste water of Pelton wheel 146 also is discharged to wastewater disposal basin.

The label that is used for the motor of pump 134 is 152; The supply of electric power of motor comprises the transom 154 that is directly connected to 220 volts of primary sources or receives solar panels, storage battery 156, and current transformer 158.Control member 160 is configured in the supply circuit, drives speed so that motor 152 changes it.

The axis of Pelton wheel links to each other with the drive shaft of motor 152.The explanation of Fig. 6 as described above produces pressure in the filtering element 122 and fall, but the salt solution that inherent filtration element 122 is discharged still has sizable pressure.Translator unit or the salt solution that all has pressure can make motor 152 reduce electricity needs because of the pressure energy that utilizes part promptly to lose during by Pelton wheel.

Fig. 8 provides a kind of equipment, and this unit affinity is in equipment shown in Figure 7, and wherein similar member is all indicated with identical label.In this structure, need to remove sea brine and enter the bottom of shell 112, but not enter its top.Pump and motor (respectively with 162 and 164 identifications) are not the integral unit members.Pump and motor are installed side by side by substrate 166 and 168.Pressure water inlet pipe to shell 112 is pipe 128.The water of desalination is discharged by pipe 132, and salt solution is then through managing 130 dischargings.

But Pelton wheel 146 process auxiliary drive pumps 162 work.

Demineralization plant shown in Figure 9 comprises vertical main shell 170, and this shell places the bottom with saline taste water, or places the bottom, pond that fills seawater.Pump is in part shown in 172, and the motor of driving pump is in part shown in 174.The pressure stage of pump is connected to working spaces 176, and 176 upper ends, chamber are made of dish 178.Above dish 178 is filtering element 180.

Above the filtering element 180 is end cap 182; This end cap makes and form a working spaces between itself and filtering element 180.The salt solution that inherent filtration element 180 is discharged promptly enters this working spaces, and the tap water that inherent filtration element 180 is discharged then flows to pipe 184.

Pelton wheel 186 is installed in above shell 170 end caps 182.

The working spaces that end cap 182 and filtering element are 180 is connected to Pelton wheel through managing 188.Should understand at this and indoorly have sizable pressure.The salt solution that under pressure, enters this chamber from filtering element 180 through manage 188 and Pelton wheel 186 deliver to water shoot 190.Pelton wheel 186 drives a pump (not shown).This pump is with axial alignment Pelton wheel 186, and pipe 184 is connected on this pump.The purpose that drives these pumps with Pelton wheel 186 is to promote reuse waters to ground level (as shell 170 in well) or promote reuse water to pond face (being immersed in the seawater pond as shell 170) through open tubular column 192.

Motor 174 is by row's solar panels 194 (it gives storage battery 196 chargings) supply electric power, and 220 volts of power supplys are part shown in 198.This power supply is connected to step-down transformer and rectifier 200; It also is connected to control unit 202, and electric power is transported to motor 174 through this element.Solar panels 194 and rectifier 200 are storage battery 196 chargings.The outward current of storage battery 196 is through current transformer 204; Make 12 volts of direct current outputs of storage battery be converted to 220 volts of alternating-current.Change-over switch 206 is decided on storage battery electric power, uses power supply and connect to connect with power supply or from power supply unit 198 from current transformer 204.Controller 202 makes 220 volts of input voltages rise to 380 volts of voltages, and is transported to motor 174.

The advantage of equipment shown in Figure 9 is only to make reuse water rise to the surface.

Equipment shown in Figure 10 comprises shell 208, and a filtering element 210 is installed in this shell.The seawater water-in that needs desalination is in part shown in 212, and the salt solution water port is in part shown in 214.The water port of reuse water is in part shown in 216.Cause the decline of filtering element 210 upstream pressures and create the device that clashes into filtering element 210 current the same with structure shown in Figure 4.

The supply reservoir that needs to remove sea brine is in part shown in 218, and it can be the seawater pond or the saline taste pond is arranged.Transfer pump is in part shown in 220, and this pump is from supply reservoir 218 extracting seawater and be delivered to husky strainer 222 and dish strainer 224.High-pressure pump is in part shown in 226, and its suction section is connected to strainer 224, and its pressure stage is connected to water-in 212.

Water port 216 is connected to container 228, and reuse water is promptly accepted ultraviolet ray (UV) irradiation therein.It is the standard program of pureization of water that water is exposed in the ultraviolet ray.Guide to retention basin 230 from the water that container 228 is discharged.

For example, when having enough reuse waters to store, this equipment can shut down for some time, but this situation has the danger that makes breed bacteria and algae in the element 210.This can only make water continue to cycle through element 210 and be avoided.For this purpose, retention basin 230 is through pump 232 and valve 234 and be connected to water-in 212.Open when valve 234, valve 236 promptly cuts out.Utilize this flow process can make reuse water pass through filtering element 210 and continue circulation, to prevent bacterial growth.When the pressure of pump 232 foundation hangs down relatively, have " flushing " effect, but this insufficient pressure arrives retention basin 230 to force seawater to pass through barrier film.Wash water is discharged into wastewater disposal basin.

Salt solution water port 214 is connected to Pelton wheel 238: like this, its advantage is to utilize the surplus pressure in filtering element 210 downstreams.Can utilize Pelton wheel 238 pumping reuse waters or generating to assist the rotor of driving pump 220 or 226.

Install the flow in flow valve 240 detector tubes additional: install under meter 242 additional, to measure the flow velocity of flow.PH value and specific conductivity in the reuse water also can be measured (at 244 and 246 places).The gained full detail feeds back to principal controller 248, and this controller can be controlled total system.The valve that can cut out pipeline is installed in 250,252,254,256,258,260,262, and places such as 264.

When backwashing dish strainer 224, valve 234 and 250 closures, and valve 236 and 262 is opened.Like this, promptly available pump 232 extracts the water in ponds 230, and carries the valve 236 by opening, and force water along in the other direction by strainer 224, the valve through opening 262 waste water of draining then.

Whether water level detector 266 is used for measuring pond 230 full, and the signal that it sends can stop 218 extracting seawater from supply department, and start the recirculation by pump 232 and valve 234 runnings, to prevent bacterial growth.

The moment of torsion of Pelton wheel 268 can be by installing torque detector 270 controls additional.When increasing above preset value as moment of torsion, valve 256 is opened, and makes part salt solution walk around Pi Dunshi water wheels 268 and directly flow to wastewater disposal basin through valve 256.

The control seawater has been the valve of filter element part 210 flows, and its setting can be by keyboard 272 controls of PC (PC) usefulness.

Equipment shown in Figure 11 comprises desalination unit 10 as shown in Figure 1, and this unit stands upright in the pond 274.Identical components is with identical labelled notation.The seawater water-in that needs desalination is in part shown in 18; The water port of the water of desalination is connected to pipe 34, and the salt solution water port is in part shown in 22.

Pump is in 276 parts shown in Figure 11.Pump 276 is the ram pump of vertically operating, and water-in is on its top, and water port is then in its bottom.Water shoot be numbered 278, and export 278 places at it service pump 280 arranged.The motor of pump 280 usefulness is connected to solar panels 282.The function of pump 280 is that starting water flows to ram pump 276.Promptly draw water and discharge through water shoot 284 through ram pump 276.

Pump 276 comprises throttling valve 286 and 288, one valves on the top of pump, and another valve is then in the bottom of pump.After pump 276 startings, make valve 286 open and force valve 288 closures by pump 276 downward current.During valve 288 closures, Sasser is promptly propagated by pump 276.Sasser forces seawater under high pressure to enter the water-in 18 of shell 12 by check valve 290.Also has another check valve 292 at water-in 18 places.

Diaphragm 294 is connected on the valve 290.When valve 290 is opened, can push diaphragm to the dead-centre position.When pressure oscillations disappeared, diaphragm 294 can make valve 290 closed again.

Valve 286 and 288 is connected by bar 296, and it is kept strokes.After the current starting by ram pump, pump 280 promptly cuts out and keeps opening-wide state, and current can be passed through from this.Pond (surrounding with the sidewall 298 and the end 300) median water level height guarantees that pump 276 continues circulation.

The salt solution overbottom pressure can be used for aforementioned any purpose in the water shoot 22.

Need wall 298 that pond 274 and seawater are separated.When spring tide, seawater can cover wall 298 tops and fill with pond 274.Like this, can provide operating pumps 276 required water level.When ebb back and when not having seawater and injecting in the pond, pond water sea level fluctuations can descend because of discharging stably through ram pump 276 and water shoot 284.

The immerseable demineralization plant comprises cylindrical outside shell 302 shown in Figure 12 A and the 12B.An end is the motor 304 of driving pump 306 in the enclosure.Pump 304 can be as piston pump, the pump of any kinds such as swash plate pump.The seawater water-in of pump 306 is not shown, but its water port is with 308 marks.Water port 308 is divided into two arms 310 and 312, on two arms 301 and 312 valve 314 and 316 is arranged respectively.Arm 310 is connected to the filtering element (cartridge) of dish strainer 318, and dish strainer 318 is in chamber 320.Dish 322 forms an end in chamber 320, is filtering element 324 at the opposite side that coils 322.Dish 322 is Figure 1A as described above, Figure 1B, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, Fig. 5 A or the illustrated pattern of Fig. 5 B.Hole in the dish 322 is not shown.

Arm 312 directly inserts chamber 320, and the filtering element (cartridge) of water shoot 326 inherent filtration devices 318 passes dish 322.Has just often closed valve (not shown) in the water shoot 326.

The cleaning of dish strainer 318 is finished with the valve in the water shoot 326 by closed valve 314 and open valve 316.Like this, current can enter chamber 320, are discharged by water shoot 326 along any dirt particles that can will be absorbed in the dish strainer 318 by dish strainer 318 in the other direction by chamber 320.

In shell 302, reuse water is subjected to uviolizing in unit 328.

Salt solution can be transmitted back to motor or pump as described above: like this, its surplus pressure can give utilization, reduces the electricity needs of motor 304.

The power supply of supply motor 304 can be with reference to the above stated specification as Fig. 7 and Fig. 9.

Floating type demineralization plant shown in Figure 13 comprises guard shield 330, is fixed in sea bed or only is still on the sea bed with anchor pier 332, and anchor chain 334 connects guard shields 330 to anchor pier 332.

Horizontal baffle 336 makes in the buoyancy space above the horizontal baffle 336 338 isolated with the seawater intake chamber 340 below horizontal baffle 336.Hole 342 in the guard shield 330 allows seawater to enter seawater intake chamber 340.

Electro-motor 344 major parts are installed in the chamber 340, by the cooled with seawater that enters seawater intake chamber 340.A pump 346 is installed in motor 344 tops, and this pump is driven by motor 344.340 process filters 348 extract seawater from the chamber by pump 346.

The pressure port of pump 346 is connected to three unit 10 as Figure 1A and Figure 1B shown type by pipeline 350.Be shown in three unit 10 in the guard shield 330, number of unit all is suitable for more than one.

Salt solution in the unit 10 is discharged to wastewater disposal basin by managing 352 from water port 354.Reuse water is through managing 356, and by UV unit 358 and the water port 360 that arrives.In the present embodiment, be connected to the pipeline on bank and all not shown to the cable of motor 344 from water port 360 from bank supply power supply.

Guard shield 330 tops have solar panels 362, this Plate supplying lighting and transmitting set 364 required power supplys.Its purpose is at the warning passing ships, in order to avoid hit this float equipment.

Between guard shield 330 and anchor pier 332, establish piston-type pump, can need not provide electrical power to this equipment, and then save motor 344 and pump 346.More specifically, there is a bar (not shown) to stretch downwards, and has piston at the end of bar from guard shield 330.One cylinder barrel is installed on the anchor pier 332, and piston is promptly in this cylinder barrel.Piston and cylinder barrel constitute the pump of two-way or movement in one direction.

Certainly, depend on the wave size, guard shield 330 can rise and fall because of springing up of seawater: upwards carry piston rod and piston when shell 330 rises, cylinder barrel is then because of being fixed in anchor pier, so do not increase.The following chamber of cylinder barrel, thereby seawater can be injected through check valve in the increase space.When guard shield 330 decorporated because of wave, piston promptly moved downward and this time chamber volume is dwindled.Another check valve is opened under this time room pressure increases, and then forces seawater to enter in the piping system 350.

Only open to seawater the chamber on the cylinder barrel.But it preferably also has a water inlet check valve and a check valve of water drainage: like this, when piston is done the to-and-fro movement of decline and rising to cylinder barrel, all can the pumping seawater.

Consulting Figure 14 at last, is upright microscler water tank 366 shown in the figure, and this water tank has seawater water-in 368, and seawater pumps into water tank by this water-in.The water tank top is opening-like, so that a ventpipe 370 to be provided.Water port 372 is connected to the suction water-in of pump, to supply with seawater to the unit shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B.Unitary reuse water water port shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B is connected to water tank 366 water-ins 372: like this, the water that includes the low density dissolved solids can be back in the water tank 366.Another water port is in part shown in 374, with the usefulness of supply tank discharging; So the solid in water tank is discharging thereupon also.The vertical long gage glass is in part shown in 376.

The starting member is the some of water tank 366, wherein fills the reuse water of suitable volume, is approximately and should adorns 1/3rd of water.Seawater is through water-in 368 pumpings, and reuse water is then through water-in 372 inputs.Then, seawater is extracted out continuously through water port 372.Watered down before leaving water tank through the seawater that water-in 368 enters through water port 372.Though partly reuse water recirculation but not all reuse water shift out from water tank at once, total water production rate of reuse water increases, and it is also low to guarantee that unwanted dissolved solids removes required pressure in seawater.

Experiment showed, when the low reuse water of dissolved solids content during, can use traditional type desalination unit through water-in 372 inputs; This unit provides and the water that distills equal quality, and the water source that is connected to water-in 372 is used.

Find that also the glassware for drinking water of method and apparatus production of the present invention has a spot of salt solution, but does not make the increase of salt reach unacceptable degree, for example, this step can be used for making a kind of mineral substance to retain in situation (this condition is difficult to realize) in the water in a large number.Adding salt solution also is to reach essential minerals equilibrated feasible method to replenish mineral deficiency.

Claims (20)

1. reverse osmosis desalination equipment, this equipment comprises a filtering element, this filtering element has the reverse osmosis barrier film that constitutes the salt passage; One pump, this pump are used for pumping needs the water of desalination to this filtering element; And one hinder member, and this obstructions member is configured in the seawater current between this pump and this filtering element, with the pressure reduction of inducing the mobile seawater to become turbulent and causing crossing this obstruction member; Like this can be with than the salt passage that enters this filtering element at the low pressure of the water of this obstruction member upstream at the water in this obstruction member downstream, and current are than more disturbance when this hinders member upstream.

2. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 1, it is characterized in that this obstruction member is tabular, have many holes in this plate, so that flowing water is obstructed and is divided into a considerable amount of disturbance current, the pressure of each current is lower than the pressure of these plate upstream current.

3. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 2, it is characterized in that providing a series of throttling valve, to change the circulation area in hole on this plate, to set up independent current.

4. according to claim 2 or 3 described demineralization plants, it is characterized in that comprising a cylindrical outside shell, described filtering element is in described shell, and to the inlet of this salt passage end at this filtering element; A dish constitutes described plate, and this coil between this shell one end and this filtering element, and and an end of described filtering element between have the space, and the water water-in of need desalination is at this shell one end; Institute's water enters this shell through this water-in, the hole on this dish of flowing through, and be split into many different current and strike the described end of this filtering element.

5. according to claim 2 or 3 described demineralization plants, it is characterized in that comprising a cylindrical outside shell, described filtering element is in this shell, and the inlet of the described salt passage that arrives is at an end of described filtering element; One dish constitutes described plate, and this coils between described shell one end and described filtering element, and with an end of described filtering element separately; The motor that one pump and driving pump are arranged in described cylindrical outside shell, this pump is between described dish and described shell one end, and the water of serving as pumping need desalination makes it to be split into many different current, to strike against the described end of described filtering element by the described hole on this dish.

6. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 5, it is characterized in that comprising a strainer, this strainer is for the usefulness that removes solid matter from the water of need desalination, and this filter bits is between described pump and described dish.

7. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 6, it is characterized in that described pump has a water shoot that is divided into two arms, first arm is by described strainer and the working spaces that arrives, and one of this chamber side is made of described dish; Seawater is usually by this first arm, described strainer and the described chamber that arrive is then passed through the hole in the described dish again; Another arm is walked around described strainer and is directly connected to described chamber; The water shoot that wherein has frequent closure communicates with the filtering element (cartridge) of this strainer, and when described water shoot was opened, the water that allows to backwash was discharged by described strainer and from described water shoot from this chamber along opposite direction.

8. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 2,3 or 4, it is characterized in that comprising a guard shield, this guard shield has a buoyancy space at least, so that this guard shield floats; Described cylindrical outside shell is placed in this guard shield together with the described strainer and the described dish of portion within it, and described pump with pressure pumping seawater to described shell.

9. according to the described demineralization plant of claim 8, it is characterized in that described guard shield is uprightly microscler and has horizontal baffle, to separate in seawater intake chamber below this horizontal baffle and the buoyancy space above this horizontal baffle; Described guard shield has the hole, flows into described seawater intake chamber to allow seawater; Described pump is from described seawater intake chamber extracting seawater and be pumped to described shell, and this shell is in described buoyancy space.

10. according to arbitrary described demineralization plant in the claim 4 to 9, it is characterized in that comprising a device, make reuse water accept uviolizing.

11., it is characterized in that described pump is a ram pump according to arbitrary described demineralization plant in the claim 1 to 4.

12., it is characterized in that described pump is that manually-operated piston-type pump is used for pressure pumping seawater to this filtering element according to arbitrary described demineralization plant in the claim 1 to 4.

13. according to the described demineralization plant of aforementioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that comprising a device, this device is used by described salt passage and is discharged the salt solution with pressure energy, to replenish the propulsion source of described pump.

14. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described demineralization plants is characterized in that comprising a water shoot, reuse water flows out from described filtering element through this water shoot; One service pump, this service pump have suction tube and are connected with described reuse water water shoot; One hollow posts, this hollow posts stretch upwards the pressure drainage mouth that is connected to this service pump from described service pump; One from described filtering element discharge brinish water shoot; And a CD-ROM drive motor, this CD-ROM drive motor is connected to described salt solution water shoot; During operation, salt solution under pressure by and drive described motor, described motor is connected to described service pump, to drive this service pump.

15., it is characterized in that described CD-ROM drive motor is a Pelton wheel according to the described demineralization plant of claim 14.

16. water desalination method, this method comprises that pumping need remove sea brine to filtering element, this filtering element comprises the reverse osmosis barrier film that constitutes the salt passage, the water pressure that flow to this filtering element is reduced also induce current to become turbulent flow simultaneously, and carry the disturbance current to enter the described salt passage of this filtering element with lower pressure.

17. according to the described water desalination method of claim 16, it is characterized in that seawater is divided into the conical dispersion current of multiply disorder by described obstruction member, this obstruction member reduces water flow pressure and induces current to become turbulent flow, and each burst disturbance current strike on this filtering element.

18., it is characterized in that comprising that the supply seawater almost lacks the additional feed water of dissolved solids by the production of reverse osmosis barrier film according to claim 16 or 17 described water desalination methods; This additional feed water and sea water mixing, and carry the seawater that waters down to described filtering element.

19., it is characterized in that comprising and add an amount of salt solution in the reuse water of desalination, to change the mineral equilibrium of reuse water according to the described water desalination method of claim 16,17 or 18.

20. according to each described water desalination method in the claim 16 to 19, the original pressure that it is characterized in that seawater is 50 to 65 crust, its pressure falls between 1.5 to 2.0 crust.

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