CN1202170C - Compounded polymer electrolyte material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Compounded polymer electrolyte material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1202170C CN1202170C CN 03137257 CN03137257A CN1202170C CN 1202170 C CN1202170 C CN 1202170C CN 03137257 CN03137257 CN 03137257 CN 03137257 A CN03137257 A CN 03137257A CN 1202170 C CN1202170 C CN 1202170C
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- inorganic oxide
- oxide powder
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a composite polymer electrolyte material and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of preparing electrolyte materials. The method comprises the following steps: mesoporous inorganic oxide powder with a high specific surface area is adopted as a raw material; the powder is soaked in a plasticizing agent for pretreatment so that the plasticizing agent enters the pore canal of an inorganic nanometer substance; then, the inorganic nanometer substance is heated for removing the plasticizing agent on the surface of the inorganic oxide powder only leaving the plasticizing agent in the pore canal. In the present invention, a simple solution casting method is used for compounding the composite powder and polymer lithium salt into a composite polymer electrolyte; Compared with a composite electrolyte prepared from simple equivalent inorganic powder or a simple equivalent plasticizing agent, an electrolyte film prepared from an inorganic filler which is treated by the method has obviously improved electric conductivity and the characteristics of favorable mechanical property, good thermal stability, high interface stability and electrochemical stability. The present invention can be applied to the preparation of secondary lithium ion batteries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof, especially relate to the compound polymer electrolyte material in fields such as a kind of energy that can be applicable to the novel high-performance solid state battery is stored, the energy transformation of fuel cell, chemical sensor, electrochemical capacitor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Polymer dielectric because have light weight, visco-elasticity is good and advantage such as good film-forming property, especially is suitable as the electrolyte for Lithium Battery material.Polyoxyethylene (PEO) is owing to the constitutional features with the ionic conduction of being easy to receives much concern, yet the polymer dielectric that is formed by PEO and an alkali metal salt has higher crystallization phases when room temperature, formed ionogen also can only at high temperature could use, thereby its practical application is restricted.The method that is commonly used to reduce PEO degree of crystallinity is to add the organic liquid softening agent, though the adding of liquid plasticizer has improved the ionic conductivity of polymer dielectric, but also destroyed electrolytical mechanical property and increased it and the reactive behavior of cathode of lithium material simultaneously, reduced battery life.Important trend is the development full solid state polymer electrolyte, replacing the present polymer dielectric that contains liquid, but uses the pure compound polymer electrolyte that adds the inorganic powder preparation to have specific conductivity limitation on the low side equally.
Summary of the invention
The NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE polymer electrolyte that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of specific conductivity height, mechanical property and Heat stability is good, simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of technology simple, is suitable for the preparation method of the polymer electrolyte of suitability for industrialized production.
The compound polymer electrolyte material that the present invention proposes, it contains polymeric matrix, an alkali metal salt and inorganic oxide powder, it is characterized in that: described inorganic oxide powder is the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder.
In above-mentioned polymer electrolyte, described mesoporous inorganic oxide powder is an arbitrary shape, arbitrary dimension, and its powder perforation is 0.1 nanometer～50 nanometers.Described polymeric matrix is a polyethers system, polyacrylonitrile based, polymethacrylate system, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) system, any one in the poly-phosphine piperazine series.Described an alkali metal salt is LiClO
4, LiBF
4, LiPF
4And LiAsF
6In any one.
The compound polymer electrolyte material preparation method that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that: described method is carried out successively as follows:
(1) choosing of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder: choose any composition, arbitrary shape and big or small arbitrarily, its perforation is the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder of 0.1 nanometer～50 nanometers;
(2) softening agent of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder soaks: the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder that step (1) is chosen is soaked in the softening agent and soaks, soaking temperature is 20～200 ℃, behind the vacuum filtration, the dry softening agent that removes powder particle surface absorption in loft drier;
(3) preparation polymer electrolyte film: 2%～30% the mesoporous powder of above-mentioned soaked inorganic oxide that takes by weighing polymkeric substance and lithium salts total amount weight percent, ultra-sonic dispersion in solvent, add corresponding polymer and lithium salts then, be stirred to evenly, then this solution is watered on the polyfluortetraethylene plate, evaporating solvent, the vacuum-drying film forming.
It is raw material that the present invention adopts high specific surface area and mesoporous inorganic oxide powder, carries out pre-treatment by soaking in softening agent, and softening agent is entered in the nano-inorganic substance duct, adds the softening agent on heat extraction inorganic oxide powder surface then.Adopt simple solution casting method this composite powder and the compound compound polymer electrolyte that is prepared into of polymkeric substance lithium salts.The composite electrolyte of the specific conductivity of the electrolytic thin-membrane of the inorganic filler preparation handled of method and simple equivalent inorganic oxide powder or simple equivalent softening agent preparation is compared thus, specific conductivity obviously improves, and have good mechanical property, Heat stability is good, have higher interface stability and electrochemical stability feature.Specific conductivity height and all solid state electrolyte good mechanical property that this material combines gel polymer electrolyte reach the stable advantage of lithium electrode.
Description of drawings
The mesoporous SiO of Fig. 1
2(MCM-41) stereoscan photograph.
The mesoporous SiO of Fig. 2
2(MCM-41) high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens photo.
The mesoporous SiO of Fig. 3
2(MCM-41) little angle XRD figure.
The mesoporous SiO of Fig. 4
2(MCM-41) and EC/PC soak mesoporous SiO
2(EC/PC/MCM-41) thermal weight loss correlation curve.
Fig. 5 (PEO)
16LiClO
4Blank sample (Plain) with (PEO)
16LiClO
4/ 10wt%MCM-41 reaches (PEO)
16LiClO
4The thermal weight loss correlation curve of/10wt%EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material.
Fig. 6 (PEO)
16LiClO
4Little angle XRD figure with different content MCM-41 and EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material.
Fig. 7 (PEO)
16LiClO
4XRD figure with different content MCM-41 and EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material.
Fig. 8 (PEO)
16LiClO
4Specific conductivity thetagram with different content MCM-41 matrix material.
Fig. 9 (PEO)
16LiClO
4Specific conductivity thetagram with different content EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material.
Figure 10 (PEO)
16LiClO
4With different content MCM-41 and different content EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material 25 ℃ the time with respect to blank sample (PEO)
16LiClO
4Specific conductivity improves comparison diagram.
Figure 11 (PEO)
16LiClO
4With different content MCM-41 and different content EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material 50 ℃ the time with respect to blank sample (PEO)
16LiClO
4Specific conductivity improves comparison diagram.
Figure 12 (PEO)
16LiClO
4With different content MCM-41 and different content EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material 75 ℃ the time with respect to blank sample (PEO)
16LiClO
4Specific conductivity improves comparison diagram.
Figure 13 (PEO)
16LiClO
4With different content MCM-41 and different content EC/PC/MCM-41 composite material tensile strength comparison diagram.
Figure 14 (PEO)
16LiClO
4Blank sample (Plain) with (PEO)
16LiClO
4/ 5wt%MCM-41 reaches (PEO)
16LiClO
4The electrochemical stability windows comparison diagram of/15wt%EC/PC/MCM-41 matrix material.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
(1) selected characteristic of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder
Mesoporous inorganic oxide powder composition is any, can be ball particle, and clavate, size are arbitrarily.Its principal character is the perforation with 0.1 nanometer～50 nanometers;
(2) softening agent of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder soaks
The mesoporous inorganic oxide powder is soaked in the softening agent, and softening agent can arbitrarily be chosen according to normally used kind.Soak time is 1 to 7 day, vacuum state, and temperature range is 20～200 ℃.Took out before softening agent also has residue then and carry out vacuum filtration, continuation 50 ℃ of dryings in loft drier are removed the softening agent that powder particle surface adsorbs;
(3) preparation of polymer electrolyte film
Use soaked inorganic oxide powder and polymkeric substance lithium salts to adopt solution casting method to carry out compound preparation compound polymer electrolyte.At first, take by weighing PEO and LiClO
42%～30% soaked inorganic mesoporous powder of total amount weight percent, ultra-sonic dispersion is 10 minutes in acetonitrile solvent, is 8～16 to add corresponding PEO and LiClO according to the mol ratio of O/Li then
4, be stirred to evenly, then this solution is watered on the polyfluortetraethylene plate evaporating solvent, drying and forming-film in vacuum drying oven afterwards.
Embodiment 1
(a) the used mesoporous inorganic powder of present embodiment is mesoporous SiO
2, it is standby at first to slough organic formwork in 2 hours 500 ℃ of calcinings, is called for short MCM-41.The BET specific surface area of MCM-41 is 965m
2/ g, pore volume are 0.84cm
3/ g, mean pore size is 3nm (xrd method is determined).Fig. 1 is mesoporous SiO
2(MCM-41) stereoscan photograph, Fig. 2 are mesoporous SiO
2(MCM-41) high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens photo, Fig. 3 are mesoporous SiO
2(MCM-41) little angle XRD figure;
(b) be 1: 1 configuration softening agent EC and PC according to weight percent.MCM-41 is soaked among the softening agent EC/PC the mesoporous inorganic powder.Soak time is 5 days, vacuum state, and temperature is 150 ℃.Took out vacuum filtration then before softening agent also has residue, continuation 50 ℃ of dryings in loft drier are removed surperficial softening agent.Figure 4 shows that mesoporous SiO
2(MCM-41) and EC/PC soak mesoporous SiO
2(EC/PC/MCM-41) thermal weight loss correlation curve can infer have the powder that 63% liquid plasticizer stays from curve.Estimate that according to pore volume if the hole all is full of, have 57% EC/PC to enter in the hole, 43% EC/PC still retains between the particle;
(c) take by weighing PEO and LiClO respectively
42%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 27% soaked inorganic mesoporous powder and unsoaked former mesoporous inorganic powder of total amount weight percent.Ultra-sonic dispersion is 10 minutes in acetonitrile solvent, and the mol ratio according to O/Li is 16 corresponding PEO of adding and LiClO then
4, be stirred to evenly, then this solution is watered on the polyfluortetraethylene plate evaporating solvent, drying and forming-film in vacuum drying oven then.Contrast from the thermal weight loss of Fig. 5 that softening agent is basicly stable polymer electrolytic as can be seen.Though can illustrate that from the XRD contrast of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 the structure of MCM-41 has a little destruction, its long-range order still exists.The peak crystallization of PEO still exists, and illustrates that PEO still is in the hypocrystalline state.To the specific conductivity and the temperature relation comparative analysis of Fig. 8 (unsoaked MCM-41) and Fig. 9 (MCM-41 of immersion) composite electrolyte, curve basic configuration unanimity, but specific conductivity has significant improvement.Figure 10, the raising situation of 11,12 specific conductivity when having contrasted differing temps is in the time of 25 ℃, (PEO)
16LiClO
4The specific conductivity of/15wt%EC/PC/MCM-41 can reach 1.6 * 10
-4S/cm improves about 1300 times with respect to blank sample.Tensile strength experiment (Figure 13) illustrates (PEO)
16LiClO
4Do not descend with EC/PC/MCM-41 composite machine performance.Electrochemical stability test shows (Figure 14) (PEO)
16LiClO
4Can surpass 5V with the electrochemical stability windows of 15%EC/PC/MCM-41.
Claims (2)
1, compound polymer electrolyte material, it contains polymeric matrix, an alkali metal salt and inorganic oxide powder, it is characterized in that: described inorganic oxide powder is the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder, described mesoporous inorganic oxide powder is an arbitrary shape, arbitrary dimension, its powder perforation is 0.1 nanometer～50 nanometers; Described polymeric matrix is a polyethers system, polyacrylonitrile based, polymethacrylate system, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) system, any one in the poly-phosphine piperazine series; Described an alkali metal salt is LiClO
4, LiBF
4, LiPF
4And LiAsF
6In any one.
2, a kind of method for preparing compound polymer electrolyte material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described method is carried out successively as follows:
(1) choosing of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder: choose any composition, arbitrary shape and big or small arbitrarily, its perforation is the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder of 0.1 nanometer～50 nanometers;
(2) softening agent of mesoporous inorganic oxide powder soaks: the mesoporous inorganic oxide powder that step (1) is chosen is soaked in the softening agent and soaks, soaking temperature is 20～200 ℃, behind the vacuum filtration, the dry softening agent that removes powder particle surface absorption in loft drier;
(3) preparation polymer electrolyte film: 2%～30% the mesoporous powder of above-mentioned soaked inorganic oxide that takes by weighing polymkeric substance and lithium salts total amount weight percent, ultra-sonic dispersion in solvent, add corresponding polymer and lithium salts then, be stirred to evenly, then this solution is watered on the polyfluortetraethylene plate, evaporating solvent, the vacuum-drying film forming.
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| CN1202170C true CN1202170C (en) | 2005-05-18 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1320687C (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2007-06-06 | 李奇 | Notebook computer ultra high specific energy lithium battery using new type eletrolyte diaphram |
| CN101222055B (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-08-17 | 清华大学 | Co-polymer based polymer electrolyte material for lithium battery, compound electrolyte film and its preparation method |
| CN109546210B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | 山东大学 | High-voltage all-solid-state lithium battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
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