CN1201511C - Locating device and method - Google Patents
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- CN1201511C CN1201511C CN 01137565 CN01137565A CN1201511C CN 1201511 C CN1201511 C CN 1201511C CN 01137565 CN01137565 CN 01137565 CN 01137565 A CN01137565 A CN 01137565A CN 1201511 C CN1201511 C CN 1201511C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a positioning device and a method using the existing space diversity antenna, which can be used for positioning a mobile station in a wireless communication system. Firstly, a possible arrival angle to a base station of a wireless signal emitted by the mobile station is determined by an arrival angle estimation device composed of a switching cross correlation unit, an accumulation unit and a phase detection unit; afterwards, the distance from the mobile station to the base station is estimated according to the time information of the base station, such as time lead parameters in a global mobile communication system; finally, the position of the mobile station is determined by combining the distance from the estimated arrival angle and the mobile station to the base station. The method can obviously improve the efficiency of a traditional positioning system without largely modifying the hardware structure of the existing base station, and the positioning purpose with a single base station can also be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of positioner and method, so that mobile radio station is positioned, and be particularly related to a kind of mixing and use positioner and the method that arrives angle (Angle of Arrival) and base station temporal information (Timinginformation).
Background technology
Along with the progress of science and technology, the development of wireless communication system also is with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements.Wireless communication system is used by office, company and individual widely, is modern's tool of communications very easily.Many countries as the U.S., have begun to amend the law to require wireless communication system that the function of location must be able to be provided, to find out the position of sending out number person, for example when emergency took place, navigation system can be found out the position of sending out number person apace, and unit provides instant support for rescue.The employed method of navigation system (Network-based location systems) based on the networking is with known base station (Base station, BS) mobile radio station (Mobilestation that sends signal is found out in the position, MS) coordinate, mobile radio station for example are mobile phone or other mobile communications devices.Traditional navigation system can with the arrival angle of the signal that the base station received (Angle-of-Arrival, AOA) or time lead (Timing-advance) parameter to carry out the mobile radio station location.
Please refer to Fig. 1, it shows to use and arrives the system diagram that angle is carried out the mobile radio station location.Mobile radio station MS can (Lines of bearing, LOB) intersection point of L1 and second orientation axis L2 be determined its position by the first orientation axis.With regard to this practice, be respectively arranged with a plurality of antennas in first base station BS 1 and second base station BS 2, be referred to as array antenna (Antenna array), in the time of need positioning, mobile radio station MS just sends wireless signal 110, because wireless signal 110 is omnibearing wireless signal, therefore after wireless signal 110 sent, two base stations all can be received; Then, only separately the wireless signal that antenna received 110 in two base stations need be carried out Array Signal Processing (Arrray signal processing) computing after, can learn that wireless signal 110 is incident to the incident angle θ of first base station BS 1
1, and wireless signal 110 is incident to the incident angle θ of second base station BS 2
2By suitable computing, can be by incident angle θ
1With θ
2Try to achieve azimuth axis L1 and azimuth axis L2, and the position that utilizes the intersection point of two axial lines to learn mobile radio station MS.By above narrating as can be known, this method needs at least two base stations to carry out the location of mobile radio station, and in practical application, each base station more needs numerous reception antenna, can make the detection of incident angle more accurate, and then estimation correctly obtain the position of mobile radio station.Thus, though can estimate the position of mobile radio station, increase the complexity of base station construction.In existing wireless communication system, the base station of usage space diversity (Space diversity) technology only has two or three antennas usually, such structure ratio is easier to build, and can alleviate the fading effect (Fading effect) of wireless signal 110 again, is therefore widely used; Reach angle to locate actual be infeasible to use if will revise existing base station, because this cost that need cost a lot of money does not meet economic benefit.
Please refer to Fig. 2, it shows use single sub-district (Single cell) time lead (Timing-advance) parameter, and (Cell global identity, CGI) positioning mode is carried out the system diagram of mobile radio station location in conjunction with the cell global identification code.The residing sub-district of each base station BS (Cell) is to have specific cell global identification code to determine the residing subdistrict position of mobile radio station MS.Time lead is that the wireless signal that sends of mobile radio station MS 110 arrives the required times of base station BS, and the propagation velocity that time lead be multiply by wireless signal 110 can be learnt the distance D of mobile radio station MS and base station BS.According to time lead parameter and cell global identification code, it is the center of circle that the possible position of mobile radio station MS just only drops on the base station BS, is on the formed circle of radius with the distance D.The error of this method depends mainly on the accuracy of time lead parameter estimation, and its error is 1/2nd positions (bit) in gsm system, and it will cause about 550 meters position estimation error.In other words, in gsm system, utilize the time lead parameter in conjunction with cell global identification code positioning mode, the mobile station location of estimating will drop on the base station for center of circle width be between 550 meters ring (Ring) R.If a plurality of base stations are carried out the mobile radio station location simultaneously, then can improve the usefulness of location.
In sum, traditional localization method has following shortcoming at least:
Array antenna all need be set up in two base stations when one, positioning with the arrival angle, does not meet economic benefit, and needs accurately location, two base stations, complex structure at least.
Two, with the time lead parameter in conjunction with cell global identification code positioning mode, single base station is the position of locating mobile stations exactly, and need utilize numerous base stations to locate the position that can make mobile radio station accurately simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of localization method, under the equipment that does not need to change significantly existing base station, use single base station can finish the location, and can improve the usefulness of location significantly.
In wireless communication system, space diversity (Space diversity) technology is used in widely and alleviates because the passage fade-out (Fadingeffect) that multipath disturbs (Multipath) to be caused.Therefore, another object of the present invention is providing a kind of arrival angle estimating apparatus and method, and this device and method is the angle of coming detected wireless signals incident according to the array antenna of existing space diversity, to lower the construction cost of base station.
According to purpose of the present invention, a kind of localization method that is used for wireless communication system is proposed.Its wireless signal that sends according to a mobile radio station detects the angle that this mobile radio station arrives the base station, and the temporal information that is provided in conjunction with existing base station is to know the position of mobile radio station by inference again.The base station comprises one first antenna and one second antenna, and first antenna receives wireless signal and exports first signal of communication according to this, and second antenna receives wireless signal and exports the second communication signal according to this.Localization method may further comprise the steps: at first, mobile radio station is launched a wireless signal.Then, be incident to the arrival angle of base station according to first signal of communication and second communication input wireless signal.Then, the temporal information of utilizing existing base station to be provided is tried to achieve the distance of mobile radio station and base station.At last, according to this distance and arrival angle mobile radio station is positioned.
According to another object of the present invention, a kind of arrival angle estimating apparatus is proposed, be used for the base station of wireless communication system, be incident to the arrival angle of base station in order to the detection wireless signal that mobile radio station sent.The base station comprises first antenna and second antenna, and first antenna is in order to receive wireless signal and to export first signal of communication according to this, and second antenna is in order to receive wireless signal and to export the second communication signal according to this.Arrival angle estimating apparatus comprises switching intercorrelation unit, unit and phase detection unit add up.Switch the intercorrelation unit in order to receiving first signal of communication and second communication signal, and after first signal of communication and second communication signal carried out the intercorrelation computing, export the intercorrelation coefficient.The unit that adds up couples with switching the intercorrelation unit, in order to receive this intercorrelation coefficient and to export an average intercorrelation coefficient according to this.Phase detection unit couples with the unit that adds up, in order to receive average intercorrelation coefficient and the angle of estimation arrival according to this.
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, a preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows to use and arrives the system diagram that angle positions.
Fig. 2 show use single sub-district (Single cell) and time lead (Timing-advance) parameter in conjunction with cell global identification code positioning mode to carry out the system diagram that mobile radio station is located.
Fig. 3 shows the system diagram according to a kind of localization method of a preferred embodiment of purpose of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the angular relationship figure that signal of communication that mobile radio station sends is incident to base station BS.
Fig. 5 shows according to a kind of arrival angle of the present invention estimating apparatus calcspar.
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram that switches the intercorrelation unit.
Fig. 7 shows the signal waveforms that switches in the intercorrelation unit.
Fig. 8 shows the circuit diagram of the unit that adds up.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 3, it shows the system diagram according to a kind of localization method of a preferred embodiment of purpose of the present invention.Localization method of the present invention is to mix to use to arrive angle (Angle ofarrival, AOA) combine cell global identification code positioning mode with time lead parameter (Timing-advance), it can realize carrying out with single base station the purpose of mobile radio station location not needing to revise significantly under the situation of existing base station.Localization method of the present invention is to use in a base station BS, detects the position of mobile radio station MS with the wireless signal 110 that sends according to a mobile radio station MS.Base station BS comprises antenna A and antenna B, and antenna A receives wireless signal 110 and output communication signal r according to this
A, antenna B receives wireless signal 110 and output communication signal r according to this
BLocalization method may further comprise the steps: at first, receive the wireless signal 110 of this mobile radio station emission.Then, according to the temporal information that base station BS provided,, try to achieve the distance D of mobile radio station and base station as time lead (Timing Advance).Then, according to signal of communication r
AWith signal of communication r
BDetected wireless signals 110 is incident to the arrival angle θ of base station BS.Can obtain azimuth axis L (Line of bearing) according to arriving angle θ, can obtain circle C according to distance D, the intersection point of azimuth axis L and circle C is the position of mobile radio station MS.And the method and apparatus that arrives angle θ detection is an another object of the present invention, will be in hereinafter describing in detail.
In general wireless communication system, the base station of usage space diversity technique only has two or three antennas usually, not only can relax effectively because of multipath interference (Multipath) wireless signal that causes 110 fade-outs (Fading effect), and construction is simple, is therefore widely used.Output behind each antenna receiving communication signal of the base station of usage space diversity technique is called branch's output (Branch output), in order to improve communication quality, the relative position of these antenna is greater than half wavelength, so that the amplitude of these branch's outputs does not have correlation (Uncorrelated) on statistics, that is the desired value of the amplitude of these branches output is zero, and this is that those skilled in the art is in common knowledge.Though the amplitude of these branches output does not have correlation, has the phase difference that is caused because of wireless signal 110 incident angles and antenna position difference between the signal of these branches' outputs.Because of can correctly learning the position at antenna place in the base station,, can calculate the incident angle θ of wireless signal 110 therefore according to the phase difference between each branch's output.Please refer to Fig. 4, it shows the angle θ graph of a relation that wireless signal that mobile radio station MS sends is incident to base station BS.The value of phase difference ψ is:
Δ＝β·Δd＝β(Δx·cosθ+Δy·sinθ) (1)
Wherein, β=2 π/λ represents wave number, and λ is a wavelength, and Δ d represents that signal is incident to the transmission range gap of antenna A and B, and θ is an incidence angle, also is angle of arrival degree, and Δ x and Δ y are respectively the antenna A of base station BS and the B relative distance at x axle and y axle.By equation (1) as can be known, the phase difference ψ of the signal that antenna A and B are received and an arrival angle
And antenna A is relevant with the relative position of B.Because the relative position of antenna A and B is known, phase difference ψ can calculate via the Array Signal Processing computing, therefore arrives angle
Also just can calculate, this is that those skilled in the art is in common knowledge.Signal of communication r that antenna A and B are received and the relation of phase difference ψ are as follows:
Wherein, S
dBe the signal that is sent from mobile radio station MS, n is noise (Noise).With signal of communication r
AWith r
BIt is as follows to carry out the intercorrelation operation result:
Wherein, σ
2 dBe the power of signal of communication, σ
2 nBe the power of noise, E is the operand of desired value.By equation (3) as can be known, phase difference ψ can be via signal of communication r
AWith r
BCarry out learning after the intercorrelation computing, and then can learn the arrival angle according to equation (1)
According to top spirit, the present invention further proposes a kind of arrival angle estimating apparatus, in order to detect the arrival angle that wireless signal 110 that mobile radio station MS sent is incident to base station BS
Please refer to Fig. 5, it shows according to a kind of arrival angle estimating apparatus calcspar of the present invention.This arrives angle estimating apparatus (Angle-of-arrival estimator) and comprises switching intercorrelation unit (Switched cross-correlator) 510, the unit that adds up (Accumulator) 520 and phase detection unit (Phase detector) 530.Switching intercorrelation unit 510 is in order to receiving communication signal r
AWith signal of communication r
B, and with signal of communication r
AWith signal of communication r
BCarry out the intercorrelation computing, the intercorrelation coefficient that output is estimated
Add up unit 520 couples with switching intercorrelation unit 510, in order to receive a plurality of intercorrelation coefficients in the observation cycle
After its addition, export average intercorrelation coefficient ρ, use the channel characteristic that becomes (Time varying) when level and smooth.Phase detection unit 530 couples with the unit that adds up, and receives average intercorrelation coefficient ρ, carry out phase-detection after, output arrives angle
Wherein, arrive the estimation of angle estimating apparatus and arrive angle
Method may further comprise the steps: when initial, a count value is set at m (m is a positive integer), and is zero the setting value of a parameter p.At first, switch intercorrelation unit 510 at time section T (2k) receiving communication signal r
AIn time section T (2k+1) receiving communication signal r
B, k is a positive integer.Then, switch intercorrelation unit 510 with the signal of communication r that is received in the time section T (2k)
AWith the signal of communication r that is received in the time section T (2k+1)
BCarry out the intercorrelation computing, and try to achieve the intercorrelation coefficient
Then, numerical value and the intercorrelation coefficient of unit 520 that add up with parameter p
Mutually got a summarized information A, and be summarized information A the setting value of parameter p.Then, whether check k less than m, if, then make the k value add 1, and method iterates; If not, then try to achieve average intercorrelation coefficient ρ according to the numerical value of parameter p.At last, the relative position according to average intercorrelation coefficient ρ and antenna A and B defines the arrival angle
Please refer to Fig. 6, it shows the circuit diagram that switches intercorrelation unit 510.Switch intercorrelation unit 510 and comprise multiplexed element 610 and multiplication element 620.Multiplexed element 610 is in order to timesharing (Time division) receiving communication signal r
AWith signal of communication r
B, and export multiplex signal S1 according to this.Multiplication element 620 couples with multiplexed element 610, in order to reception multiplex signal S1, and exports these intercorrelation coefficients according to this
Multiplication element 620 comprises multiplexer Ma, Mb, trigger F1, F2, F3 and multiplier MUL.Signal of communication r in 0 reception of time section T
ABe defined as signal of communication r
A0, at the signal of communication r of time section T 1 reception
ABe defined as signal of communication r
A1, at the signal of communication r of time section T 2 receptions
ABe defined as signal of communication r
A2...; Signal of communication r
BAlso together.Clock pulse signal CLK is a high level in time section T 0, is low level in time section T 1, is high level in time section T 2 ..., the rest may be inferred.Multiplexer Ma and multiplexed element 610 couple, in order to reception multiplex signal S1 and data Da, and output multiplex signal Sa.Multiplexer Mb and multiplexer Ma couple, in order to reception multiplex signal S1 and data Db, and output multiplex signal Sb.The data input pin D1 of trigger F1 receives multiplex signal Sa, its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK 2, and its data output end Q1 dateout Da, data Da also feedbacks to multiplexer Ma.The data input pin D2 of trigger F2 receives multiplex signal Sb, its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK 2, and its data output end Q2 dateout Db, data Db also feedbacks to multiplexer Mb.Multiplier MUL receives data Da and Db, dateout Dm after both are multiplied each other.The data input pin D3 of trigger F3 receives data Dm, its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK, its data output end Q3 output intercorrelation coefficient ρ.Wherein, multiplexed element 610, multiplexer Ma and Mb distinctly export multiplex signal S1, Sa and Sb according to clock pulse signal CLK.Trigger F1 and F2 are that marginal edge triggers, and trigger F3 is positive edge-triggered.The frequency of clock pulse signal CLK 2 is the twice of clock pulse signal CLK.
Please refer to Fig. 7, it shows the signal waveforms that switches in the intercorrelation unit 510.In time during section T 0, clock pulse signal CLK is a high level, and the multiplex signal S1 that the multiple all elements 610 of multichannel are exported is signal of communication r
A0When clock pulse signal CLK 2 reduces to low level by high level, promptly trigger trigger F1, the value that makes data Da is signal of communication r
A0In time during section T 1, clock pulse signal CLK is a low level, and the multiplex signal S1 that multiplexed element 610 is exported is signal of communication r
B1When clock pulse signal CLK2 reduces to low level by high level, promptly trigger trigger F2, the value that makes data Db is signal of communication r
B1Multiplier MUL 1 exports r at this moment
A0* r
B1When time section T 2 had just begun, clock pulse signal CLK transferred high level to, triggered trigger F3, made that the value of data Dm is r
A0* r
B1, be r
A0With r
B1The intercorrelation coefficient
In time during section T 4, the value of data Dm is r
A2* r
B3, be r
A2With r
B3The intercorrelation coefficient
Please refer to Fig. 8, it shows the circuit diagram of the unit 520 that adds up.The unit 520 that adds up comprises trigger F4, F5, F6, and adder ADD.The data input pin D4 of trigger F4 receives the intercorrelation coefficient
Its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK, its data output end Q4 dateout Dc.Adder ADD and trigger F4 couple, and in order to receiving data Dc and Dd, and addition result are output as summarized information A.Trigger F5 and adder ADD couple, and its data input pin D5 receives summarized information A, its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK, its data output end Q5 dateout Dd.Trigger F6 and trigger F5 couple, and its data input pin D6 receives data Dd, its clock pulse input terminal receive clock pulse signal CLK 3, and its data output end Q6 exports average intercorrelation coefficient
The replacement of trigger F4 and F5 (Reset) termination time receiving clock signal CLK 3, wherein, the frequency of clock pulse signal CLK 3 is N/one of the frequency of clock pulse signal CLK, and N is a positive integer, and the cycle of clock pulse signal CLK3 is an observation cycle.When clock pulse signal CLK3 finished one-period, the unit 520 that adds up was with N intercorrelation coefficient
Addition, trigger F4 and F5 are reset, and according to data Dd output average correlation coefficient ρ.Because the signal that the antenna of base station BS received is the fading signal that changes along with time and environmental factor, so the present invention will observe the intercorrelation coefficient of gained in the cycle
Carry out addition, to promote the accuracy that detects.
The present invention can realize the purpose that positions with single base station.And arrival angle estimating apparatus proposed by the invention can use two antennas to arrive angle with estimation, does not therefore need to revise significantly existing base station, to reduce cost.
The method and apparatus of the disclosed detection and localization of the above embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
One, only need a base station accurately to locate.
Two, the base station only needs two antennas to be aided with simple plus and minus calculation, can detect the arrival angle, does not need change is significantly done in existing base station, meets economic benefit.
In sum; though the present invention discloses as above with a preferred embodiment; right its is not in order to limit the present invention; any those skilled in the art; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can be used for a variety of modifications and variations, so protection scope of the present invention is looked accompanying Claim and is defined.
Claims (5)
1. localization method, a base station that is used for a wireless communication system, detect the position of this mobile radio station with a wireless signal that sends according to a mobile radio station, this base station comprises one first antenna and one second antenna, this first antenna receives this wireless signal and exports one first signal of communication according to this, this second antenna receives this wireless signal and exports a second communication signal according to this, and this localization method may further comprise the steps:
Mobile radio station is launched this wireless signal;
The temporal information that foundation should have the base station now to be provided is tried to achieve a distance of this mobile radio station and this base station;
Be incident to one of this base station according to this first signal of communication and this this wireless signal of second communication input and arrive angle; And
According to this distance and this arrival angle this mobile radio station is positioned,
Wherein, detecting the step that this wireless signal is incident to the arrival angle of this base station comprises:
A. a count value is set at m;
B. the setting value with a parameter is zero;
C. receive this first signal of communication at a time section 2k;
D. receive this second communication signal at a time section 2k+1;
E. this first signal of communication that is received in should time section 2k carries out the intercorrelation computing with interior this second communication signal that is received of this time section 2k+1, and tries to achieve an intercorrelation coefficient;
F. the numerical value with this parameter is got a summarized information mutually with this intercorrelation coefficient, and is this summarized information with the setting value of this parameter;
G. whether check k less than m, if then make the k value add 1, and get back to step b; And
H. try to achieve an average intercorrelation coefficient according to the numerical value of this parameter; And
I. the relative position according to this average intercorrelation coefficient and this first antenna and this second antenna defines this arrival angle;
Wherein, k and m are positive integers.
2. one kind arrives the angle estimating apparatus, be incident to one of a base station and arrive angle in order to detect a wireless signal that a mobile radio station sent, this base station comprises one first antenna and one second antenna, this first antenna is in order to receive this wireless signal and to export one first signal of communication according to this, this second antenna is in order to receive this wireless signal and to export a second communication signal according to this, and this arrival angle estimating apparatus comprises:
One switches the intercorrelation unit, receives this first signal of communication and this second communication signal in order to timesharing, and this first signal of communication and this second communication signal are carried out exporting a plurality of intercorrelation coefficients after the intercorrelation computing;
One unit that adds up couples with this switching intercorrelation unit, in order to receive these intercorrelation coefficients and to export an average intercorrelation coefficient according to this; And
One phase detection unit couples with this unit that adds up, and arrives angle in order to receive this average intercorrelation coefficient and to export one according to this.
3. arrival angle estimating apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this switching intercorrelation unit comprises:
One multiplexed element in order to receiving this first signal of communication and this second communication signal, and is exported a multiplex signal according to this; And
One multiplication element couples with this multiplexed element, in order to receiving this multiplex signal, and exports these intercorrelation coefficients according to this.
4. arrival angle estimating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein this multiplexed element according to a clock pulse signal staggered select this first signal of communication and this second communication signal the two one of, and export this multiplex signal according to this.
5. arrival angle estimating apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein, this multiplication element is according to this clock pulse signal this multiplex signal in the time interval k to be multiply by as this intercorrelation coefficient mutually with this multiplex signal in the time interval k+1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01137565 CN1201511C (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Locating device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01137565 CN1201511C (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Locating device and method |
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| CN1201511C true CN1201511C (en) | 2005-05-11 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100407870C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-07-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for locating mobile terminal using distributed antenna |
| KR100979623B1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-09-01 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Positioning system and method based on radio communication appratus comprising multiple antenna |
| CN101801085A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-08-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Locating method, locating device and base station |
| EP2984882A4 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2016-11-09 | Hewlett Packard Entpr Dev Lp | Location determination of a mobile device |
| CN105392195A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | Wireless access point device and terminal positioning method and system |
| EP3639547B1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2023-10-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus, system and method for improving position estimation |
| CN117062218A (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2023-11-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Positioning method and equipment |
| CN109932709A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-25 | 江苏霆升科技有限公司 | RFID location system and localization method |
| CN110646778B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2023-05-09 | 四川中电昆辰科技有限公司 | Flight time difference acquisition system and method |
| CN110703191A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-17 | 深圳市度彼电子有限公司 | Positioning method, system, device, positioning equipment and storage medium |
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