CN1199320C - An antenna and feed network for an antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

An area-efficient network is configured such that a section of the feed network (1804, 1808) is disposed on a radiator portion of an antenna (1304, 1308) and the remainder of the feed network is disposed on a feed portion. Because part of the feed network is disposed on the radiator portion, the remainder of the feed network requires less area on the feed portion. As a result, the feed portion of the antenna can be smaller as compared to antennas having conventional feed networks. Preferably, the traces of the feed network that are disposed on the radiator portion are disposed opposite the ground portion of the radiators. As such, the ground portion of the radiators serves as a ground plane for this part of the feed network. The area-efficient feed network can be implemented with numerous different types of antennas of varying configurations, including single-band and multi-band helical antennas. As a result of this configuration, the overall size of the antenna and the amount of loss in the feed are reduced as compared to antennas having conventional feed networks.

Description

Antenna and be used for feeding network of array antennas

Technical field

The present invention and antenna and to be used for feeding network of array antennas relevant.More particularly, the present invention is relevant with a kind of helical aerials that has a feeding network, and wherein the part of feeding network is to provide in a zone consistent with the radiator of this antenna.

Background technology

The personal communication devices in the present age uses just increasingly extensively and is moving and portable occasion.In traditional mobile application, make communication equipment, for example the minimized hope of mobile phone in size has caused moderate the diminishing of size.Yet because portable, the increase of the application popularization degree of hand-hold type aspect has increased greatly to the requirement of more and more littler equipment.In development nearest aspect processor technology, battery technology and the communication technology size of portable set and weight are reduced in the past few years significantly.

The place that size reduces is the antenna of equipment.The size of antenna and weight play an important role aspect the communication equipment size reducing.The overall size of antenna can produce influence greatly to the communication equipment fuselage.Diameter is less, and the short antenna of length can make the overall size of equipment and fuselage diminish.

The size of equipment is not the unique factor that will consider when the antenna that the mobile occasion of design is used.Another factor that will consider when designing antenna is when operate as normal because close decay and/or the stopping effect that causes of user's head and antenna.Also having a factor is the picture radiation diagram, the communication characteristic of operating frequency etc.

A kind of in satellite communication system widely used antenna be helical antenna.Helical antenna popular in Satellite Communication System is that it can produce and accept to use circular polarization radiation in this system.In addition, because helical antenna can produce a kind of approaching hemispheric radiation diagram, helical antenna is specially adapted to the application in Moving Satellite Communication System and satellite navigation system.

Conventional helical antenna is made by antenna radiator is twisted into helical structure.A common helical antenna is a quadrifilar helix antenna, its use four spaced and be in the radiator that quadrature in phase excites (being that radiator is differed four lines on the phase place one-period or 90 signals of spending excite) around stamen.The typical length of radiator is the integral multiple of one of four lines of communication device works frequency wavelength.Radiation diagram is the integral multiple by one of the gradient that changes radiator, length l four lines of radiator wavelength usually) and the diameter of stamen.

Conventional helical antenna can use the line or belt technology to make.When using the band technology, antenna radiator is etched or is deposited on the thin and pliable and tough substrate.Radiator is placed into and is parallel to each other, but becomes the obtuse angle with the edge of substrate.Then, substrate is rolled into cylinder, circular cone or other can make the band radiator form the suitable shape of helical antenna.

And it is the characteristic of the integral multiple of one of resonance frequency four lines of wishing wavelength that the helical antenna of this routine also has radiator length, and this causes the total length of antenna, and the desirable length of portable or mobile application is long than some.

In addition, when different frequency is launched and received information, use double frequency band aerial.Yet the shape of spendable double frequency band aerial is often unsatisfactory.For example, a kind of method of manufacturing dual-band antenna is to be stacked to form a single cylindrical body terminally two single quadrifilar helix antenna ends.Yet the shortcoming of this way is, the length of such antenna is than portable or the desirable length of handheld applications is long.

Another kind provides the technology of dual-band performance to be to use two single-band antenna of separating.Yet for portable equipment, these two antennas must be placed with very close to each other.But, can cause two couplings between antenna in two very approaching single-band antenna of placing on portable or the handheld device, performance is reduced and the appearance interference.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of helical antenna, comprising:

Substrate,

Radiators, described radiators is formed by being arranged on described on-chip a plurality of radiators, and wherein, described substrate is made described radiator become helicoidal structure by setting,

Feeder line part, described feeder line partly are arranged on the described substrate and are adjacent with described radiators,

Feeding network is made up of described on-chip first group of one or more track that described feeder line part is set and described on-chip second group of one or more track that described radiators is set.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of dual-band helical antenna, comprising:

First antenna part that on a substrate, forms and second antenna part,

Described first antenna part comprises:

Be formed at the described on-chip first feed part, this first current feed department branch comprises first feeding network and second that is arranged on described substrate last and first ground plane relative with this first feeding network on first that is arranged on described substrate, and

The first group of one or more radiator that is arranged on the described substrate and extends from first feeding network,

Described second antenna part comprises:

Be formed at the described on-chip second feed part, this second current feed department branch comprises second feeding network and first that is arranged on described substrate last and second ground plane relative with this second feeding network on second that is arranged on described substrate, and

The second group of one or more radiator that is arranged on the described substrate and extends from second feeding network,

Wherein, described first feeding network comprises and is arranged on first group of one or more track on described first feed part and is arranged on second group of one or more track on first group of one or more radiator, and described second feeding network comprises and is arranged on the 3rd group of one or more tracks on described second feed part and is arranged on the 4th group of one or more tracks on second group of one or more radiator;

Described substrate is made described radiator become helicoidal structure by setting.

Embodiments of the invention are new and improved antenna feeding networks, and it comprises a radiators and a feed part.A part of feeding network is placed on the radiators of antenna in this feeding network, and all the other feeding networks place on the feed part.Because feeding network partly places on the radiant section, shared place is still less on the feed part for all the other feeding networks.Consequently the feed of antenna part can be littler than the antenna with conventional feeding network.Because in this structure, current feed department divides required area to reduce, this feeding network can be described as " economizing local ".

In preferred embodiment, be placed on the track of feeding network of radiators and the grounded part on the radiator and oppositely place.So, the grounded part of radiator just serves as the ground plane of this part feeding network.

This feeding network can be implemented by the multiple antenna that has the difformity structure, comprises single band and multi-band helical antenna on multilayer substrate.

The antenna that the number of dropouts of electric energy had a conventional feeding network when one of advantage of the present invention was the overall dimensions of antenna and feed reduces.

In one embodiment, feeding network is implemented by a dual-band helical antenna with two groups of one or more spiral curling radiators.Radiator is curled or twines, and obtains desirable emission figure or makes it optimization thereby antenna is cylinder, cone or other suitable shapes.Provide two groups of radiators according to this embodiment, one group is used to be operated in first frequency, and second group is used to be operated in the best second frequency different with first frequency.Every group of radiator has an associated feeding network, is used to provide the signal that drives radiator.Thereby double frequency band aerial also can be described as by two single-band antenna to be formed, and each single-band antenna has a radiators and feed part.

Terminals can be arranged to first single-band antenna signal of feeding.These terminals extend the feed part from first single-band antenna.When antenna is cylinder or other suitable shape, axis being aligneds of terminals and antenna of getting.More particularly, terminals are radial in preferred embodiment extends internally, thereby provides one to be positioned at middle feed structure.Thereby terminals and feeder line do not disturb mutually with the signal graph of second single-band antenna.

Description of drawings

From below in conjunction with the detailed description of accompanying drawing to embodiment, it is more clear that characteristic of the present invention, target and advantage become.In the accompanying drawing, identical reference number is represented identical part.In addition, the most left first digit of reference number is used for discerning the accompanying drawing that reference number occurs first therein.

Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of a conventional wire quadrifilar helix antenna.

Figure 1B is the schematic diagram of a conventional banded quadrifilar helix antenna.

Fig. 2 A is the floor map of the quadrifilar helix antenna of open circuit or open circuit termination.

Fig. 2 B is the floor map of short circuit quadrifilar helix antenna.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on the short circuit quadrifilar helix antenna radiator.

Fig. 4 is the second surface face schematic diagram of the substrate that is etched of ribbon spiral antenna.

Fig. 5 is the first surface face schematic diagram of the substrate that is etched of ribbon spiral antenna.

Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the substrate that is etched of ribbon spiral antenna.

Fig. 7 A is the schematic diagram according to the open circuit coupling multistage radiator that has five coupled section in one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 B is a pair of schematic diagram according to the coupling of the short circuit in one embodiment of the invention multistage radiator.

Fig. 8 A is the schematic diagram according to a short circuit coupling multistage quadrifilar helix antenna in one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 B is the schematic diagram according to one in one embodiment of the invention cylindrical coupling multistage quadrifilar helix antenna.

Fig. 9 A is the schematic diagram according to the lap  of each transmitter section in one embodiment of the invention and interval s.

Fig. 9 B is the schematic diagram of CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on the radiator segments of coupling multistage helical antenna as an example.

Figure 10 A is that the transmitter, phase difference is the schematic diagram of two point sources of 90 signals of spending.

Figure 10 B is the schematic diagram of the field pattern shape of the point source shown in Figure 10 A.

Figure 10 C be conventional helical antenna the circular polarization field figure and schematic diagram with the figure of the circular polarization field of the helical antenna of the feed terminal of antenna axis being aligned is arranged.

Figure 11 is each section and the equidistant embodiment schematic diagram of placing of the section on both sides.

Figure 12 is the enforcement schematic diagram according to one of embodiment of the invention coupling multistage antenna as an example.

Figure 13 is a floor map of piling up the dual-band helical antenna surface according to the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that piles up the dual-band helical antenna surface that the embodiment of certain distance is arranged according to the distributing point of radiator of the present invention and feeding network.

Figure 15 is the floor map that is used to stack an antenna terminal of dual-band helical antenna according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 16 is as an example according to the schematic diagram that piles up the dual-band helical antenna size of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 17 one exemplifies the schematic diagram of conventional four phase feeding networks.

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram that extends to the feeding network of antenna radiator part according to having of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 19 is the schematic diagram along the signal tracks slash feeding network that comprises the feed path according to the antenna of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram according to the ground plane profile of the antenna of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 21 is according to the ground plane of the double frequency band aerial of the stack of one embodiment of the invention and the schematic diagram of signal trajectory.

Figure 22 A keeps the structural representation of an antenna according to one embodiment of the invention with cylinder or other suitable shapes.

Figure 22 B-22E is the schematic diagram that forms antenna according to the present invention such as Figure 22 A illustrated embodiment with cylinder or other suitable shapes.

Figure 23 A is a kind of schematic diagram that is suitable for supporting cylinder or other suitable shape antenna forms according to the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 23 B and 23C are the schematic diagrames that forms cylinder or other suitable shape sky line process according to the embodiment of schematic diagram 23A.

Embodiment

I. argumentation is always addressed in invention

The present invention relates to the antenna feeding network in a province place.The part of feeding network is placed in the radiating portion of antenna.This reduces the required area of antenna feed part.

II. example environment

In broad terms, the present invention is applicable to the system of any use helical antenna technology.A kind of example person of being to use of this kind environment with fixing, move and/or the communication system of portable phone communication line and other people communication via satellite.In this example environment, phone must have the antenna of being transferred to the satellite communication circuit.

The present invention is described according to this environment of giving an example.Declarative description just for convenience's sake.Do not want to limit the invention to this example embodiment.In fact, after the description below reading, for the people who is familiar with relevant technologies, how the present invention being implemented in other environment will be apparent.

III. conventional helical antenna

Before specifically describing the embodiment of the invention, illustrate that earlier the radiators in conventional helical antenna will be very helpful.The particularly description of herein radiators of some conventional quadrifilar helix antennas being carried out in full.Figure 1A and 1B are respectively radiators 100 wire and the banded schematic diagrames of conventional quadrifilar helix antenna.Belong to quadruple screw formula antenna at the radiators 100 shown in Figure 1A and the 1B, meaning it has the 104 quadrature in phase work of four radiators.Shown in Figure 1A and 1B, the radiator 104 generation circular polarization that is curled.

Fig. 2 A and 2B are the floor map of conventional quadrifilar helix antenna radiators.Rephrase the statement, Fig. 2 A and 2B show is the radiator of antenna cylinder when launching in the plane.Fig. 2 A is that far-end is the schematic diagram of the quadrifilar helix antenna of open circuit or open circuit termination.In this structure, the resonance length 1 of radiator 208 is strange integral multiples of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength.

Fig. 2 B is the schematic diagram of the quadrifilar helix antenna of far-end short circuit or electrical connection.In the case, the resonance length l of radiator 208 is even integral multiples of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength.Notice that in both cases, said resonance length is an approximation because the terminal that remedies unfavorable weak point or open, need do little adjustment usually.

Fig. 3 is the floor map of quadrifilar helix antenna 300 radiators, and it comprises the radiator 208 of wavelength l=λ/2, and λ is the wavelength of the desired resonance frequency of antenna.Curve 304 is represented the associated electrical flow of resonance signal on radiator 208 on the f=v/ λ frequency, and v is the speed of signal in medium.

Use the exemplary embodiment of printed-board technology (stripline antenna) quadrifilar helix antenna to do more specifically to describe by Fig. 4-6.This band shape quadrifilar helix antenna is made of a banded reflector 104A-104D who is etched on the insulating substrate 406.Substrate is a thin and pliable and tough material, is rolled into cylinder, cone or other suitable shapes, thereby radiator 104A-104D curls around cylinder central axial line helical form.

Fig. 4 to 6 illustrates each parts that constitutes a quadrifilar helix antenna 100.Figure 4 and 5 are respectively far away surperficial 400 and nearly surperficial 500 schematic diagrames of substrate 406.Antenna 100 comprises a radiators 404 and feed part 408.

In following description and illustrated embodiment, described antenna forms by substrate is made cylindrical shape, and nearly surface is at these cylindrical superficies.In other alternative embodiment, substrate becomes cylindrical shape, and surface far away is at these cylindrical superficies.

In one embodiment, insulating substrate 100 is the thin and pliable and tough PTFE materials of one deck, a PTFE/ glass synthetic, or other insulating material.In one embodiment, substrate 406 belongs to the thickness of 0.005 inch or 0.13 millimeter, can certainly select other thickness.Signal trajectory and ground trace use copper.In other alternative embodiment, can select other conductive material instead of copper, can be according to cost, aspects such as environmental protection factor go out to select most.

Embodiment as shown in Figure 5, feeding network 508 are etched in feed part 408 and are used for providing four phase of line signals (as, 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 are spent signals) to radiator 104A-104D.Surperficial 400 feed parts 408 far away provide ground plane 412 for the circuit 508 of feeding.The signal trajectory of circuit 508 of feeding is etched in the nearly surface of feed part 408.

For the purpose of discussing, radiators 404 has first end 432 to adjoin feed part 408 and second end 434 (at the other end of radiators 404).Comply with the antenna embodiment that is implemented and decide, radiator 104A-104D can be etched in far away surperficial 400 of radiators 404.Radiator 104A-104D is about the integral multiple of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength to second terminal 434 length of extending from first end points 432.

In this kind embodiment, radiator 104A-104D is the integral multiple of λ/2, and radiator 104A-104D is electrically connected (as short circuit) mutually at second end 434.This connection can be passed through a conductor cross-over connection second terminal 434 is formed, and the circumference formation around antenna encircles 604 when substrate forms cylinder.Fig. 6 is the perspective view that the substrate that the ribbon spiral antenna of a short-circuited conducting sleeve 604 is etched is arranged at second end 434.

A conventional quadrifilar helix antenna is described in United States Patent (USP) 5198831 (abbreviating as ' 831 patents) patentee's cloth Shandongs etc., as a reference.Patent 831 described antennas are PCB antenna, the radiator etching of antenna or be deposited on the insulating substrate.Substrate is made into cylinder, causes the screw type profile of radiator.

United States Patent (USP) 5255005 (abbreviating as ' 005 patent) patentee spy is sunk etc. and to be described a conventional quadrifilar helix antenna, as a reference.The quadrifilar helix antenna of patent 005 described antenna for forming by the bifilar helix line that two quadratures are placed and quadrature in phase excites.The antenna of this announcement also has one second quadruple screw line, and coaxial and electromagnetic coupled is used to provide the passband of antenna with first helix for it.

Another United States Patent (USP) 5349365 (abbreviating 365 patents as), the quadrifilar helix antenna that patentee Irving etc. disclose, as a reference.Patent 365 described antennas are the quadrifilar helix antennas that are designed to as Figure 1A description.

IV. the multistage helical antenna is coupled

In order to shorten the length of antenna radiator part 100, one type helical antenna utilization coupling multistage radiator has the helical antenna of isometric resonance to compare with need, and its allows to occur the resonance of weak point of length in institute on to frequency.

Fig. 7 A and 7B exemplify embodiment, the floor map of coupled section helical antenna.Fig. 7 A is depicted as according among the single line embodiment, the coupling multistage radiator 706 of an open circuit termination.Antenna end is connected on open circuit, for example can be used for the embodiment of single line, two-wire, four lines or other X lines.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A is made of a single radiator 706.Radiator 706 is made of one group of radiator segments.This group is by two end segment 708,710 and p interlude 712 formations, p=0 wherein, 1,2,3... (p=3 shown in this example).Interlude is to select (that is, p can equal zero) arbitrarily.708,710 actual separating of end segment, but mutual electromagnetic coupling.Interlude 712 is positioned between the end segment 708,710 and terminal electromagnetic coupled of holding between 708,710 is provided.

In the embodiment of open circuit termination, the length l of section 708 _S1It is the strange integral multiple of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength.The length l of section 710 _S2It is the integral multiple of desired resonance frequency 1/2nd wavelength.The length l of each p interlude 712 _SpIt is the integral multiple of desired resonance frequency 1/2nd wavelength.In an illustrated embodiment, three interludes 712 are arranged (that is, p=3).

Fig. 7 B is depicted as the radiator 706 of the helical antenna that terminates at a short circuit 722.This short circuit embodiment is not suitable for single-wire antenna, but can be used for two-wire, four lines or other X lines.In open circuit embodiment, radiator 706 is to be made of one group of radiator segments.This group radiator segments is by two end segment 708,710 and p interlude 712 formations, p=0 wherein, 1,2,3... (p=3 shown in this example).Interlude is optional (that is, p can equal zero).708,710 actual separating of end segment, but mutual electromagnetic coupling.Interlude 712 is positioned between the end segment 708,710 and terminal electromagnetic coupled of holding between 708,710 is provided.

In short circuit embodiment, the length l of section 708 _S1It is the strange integral multiple of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength.The length l of section 710 _S2It is the odd integer multiple of one of desired resonance frequency four lines wavelength.The length l of each p interlude 712 _SpIt is the integral multiple of desired resonance frequency 1/2nd wavelength.In an illustrated embodiment, three interludes 712 are arranged (that is, p=3).

Fig. 8 A and 8B represent the schematic diagram according to the coupling multistage quadrifilar helix antenna radiators 800 of the embodiment of the invention.Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrate the embodiment that exemplifies of shown in a Fig. 7 B antenna, and wherein p equals zero (that is no interlude 712) and the length of section 708,710 is one of four lines of wavelength.

Radiators 800 shown in Fig. 8 A is floor map that the quadrifilar helix antenna of four coupled radiator 804 is arranged.In fact each coupled radiator 804 in coupled antenna comprises two radiator segments of leaning on very closely mutually 708,710, thus the electric energy of radiator segments 708 and 710 couplings of another radiator segments.

More particularly, according to an embodiment, radiators 800 can be described from having 820,824 two branches.Branch 820 is made of a plurality of radiator segments 708 that extend to radiators 800 second ends 834 from radiators 800 first ends 832.Branch 824 is made of second group of a plurality of radiator segments 710 that extend to radiators 800 first ends 832 from radiators 800 second ends 834.Towards the middle section of radiators 800, thereby the part of each section 708 is leaned on to such an extent that very near electric energy is coupled with the contiguous segments the zone of leaning on very closely with it from a section with the section 710 of adjoining.Be referred to herein as crossover.

In a preferred embodiment, the length of section 708,710 is about l ₁=l ₂=λ/4.The total length of the single radiator of being made up of two sections 708,710 is decided to be l _TotSection 708 is decided to be δ=l with the amount of another section 710 crossovers ₁+ l ₂-l _Tot

As the frequency f=v/ λ of resonance, the total length ltot of radiator is less than 1/2nd wavelength of λ/2.In other words, as the result of coupling, even section 708, the 710 radiator resonance of forming by a pair of coupling are in the total length of frequency f=this radiator of the v/ λ length less than λ/2.Thereby under given frequency f, the radiators 800 of 1/2nd wavelength coupling multistage quadrifilar helix antenna is shorter than the radiator of conventional 1/2nd wavelength quadrifilar helix antennas 800.

How size to be reduced in order more clearly to illustrate, with radiators shown in Figure 8 800 and shown in Figure 3 comparing by the use coupled structure.Under given frequency f=v/ λ, the length l of conventional antenna radiator part 300 is λ/2, and the length l tot of the radiators 800 of coupled section antenna is less than λ/2.

As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the length of section 708,710 is l ₁=l ₂=λ/4.The length of each section can be different from l ₁Not necessarily to equal l ₂, and they also are not equal to λ/4 equally.The actual resonance frequency of each radiator depends on the length of radiator segments 708,710, separate between the radiator segments 708,710 apart from s, and the section 708,710 mutual crossovers amount.

Notice that the length of section 710 change sections 708 can be used for adjusting the bandwidth of antenna relatively.For example, prolong l ₁Make it be slightly larger than λ/4 and shortening l ₂Make it slightly be shorter than the bandwidth that λ/4 can increase antenna.

Fig. 8 B is depicted as the actual spiral structure of a coupling multistage quadrifilar helix antenna according to an embodiment of the invention.It shows in one embodiment, and each radiator is how to be made up of two sections 708,710.Section 708 is from radiators first terminal 832 spiral second ends 834 that extend to radiators.Section 710 is from radiators second terminal 834 spiral first ends 832 that extend to radiators.Fig. 8 B is the section of illustrating 708 also, thus their mutual electromagnetic coupling of a part of crossover of 710.

Fig. 9 A is distance s between the radiator segments 708,710 and the schematic diagram of crossover δ.The selection of distance s is coupled the electric energy of q.s between radiator segments 708,710, move as single radiator that an effective electric wave length is about λ/2 and its integral multiple to allow them.

The spacing of radiator segments 708,710 is dwindled, less than only spacing, can the section of causing 708,710 between the reinforcement of coupling.Consequently, the length at given frequency f hypomere 708,710 must increase so that it can be with identical frequency f generation resonance.Can be by (that is, s=0) this extreme example illustrates with section 708,710 actual connections.In this extreme example, the total length of section 708,710 must equal λ/2 so that antenna resonance.Attention is in this extreme example, and antenna no longer really is coupled according to the specified requirements of this use, and the structure that forms and conventional helical antenna shown in Figure 3 match.

Equally, the amount δ of crossover strengthens coupling between the increase section 708,710.Thereby crossover δ increase, the length of section 708,710 also increases.

Be the section of understanding 708,710 only crossover and spacings well, please refer to Fig. 9 B.Fig. 9 B represents the magnitude of current on each section 708,710.Current strength indicating device 911,928 illustrates each section ideally with λ/4 resonance, and externally terminal tool peak signal dynamics and interior extremity is the most weak.

In order to improve the antenna configuration of coupled transmitters section antenna as much as possible, inventor's performance model software is determined correct segment distance l ₁, l ₂, crossover δ and distance s and other parameters.A kind of this type of software kit is " antenna optimization person " (AO) software.AO is based on a kind of moment electromagnetic antenna model algorithm.AO " antenna optimization person " 6.35 versions, copyright in 1994 is to be provided by author's Baeyer Bei Zili of this software in the California Diego California.

Should be mentioned that especially, use the coupling shown in above-mentioned accompanying drawing 8A and 8B to be configured with some advantage.Use conventional antenna and coupled transmitters section antenna simultaneously, electric current is concentrated on the end of reflector.According to array coefficient theory, so with use of coupled radiator section antenna certain advantage is arranged in some applications.

As explanation, Figure 10 A is the schematic diagram of two point source A, B, and wherein source A is in radiation and source B signal equivalent but the signal (e of phase lag 90 degree ^{J ω t}Conventional supposition).With λ/4 distances place that is separated by, signal adds at the direction different phase from B to A at the moving direction same-phase adduction from A to B at source A and B.Consequently, be launched from the considerably less radiation of the direction of B to A.On behalf of field pattern shape, the typical case among Figure 10 B shown this point.

Thereby when source A and B are directed, from being directed upwardly of A to B, away from ground, and from the direction of B to A during towards ground, the most suitable great majority of antenna are used.This is because the user can not wish that day bundle of lines semaphore is towards ground.This is configured in wishes most of semaphores up, particularly useful in the satellite communication away from ground.

The point source antenna of Figure 10 A demonstration is impossible reach by using conventional 1/2nd wavelength helical antennas.Consider antenna radiator part as shown in Figure 3.Concentrate on radiator 208 terminal approximate point sources of the magnitude of current of going up.When radiator is coiled into spiral-shapedly, end of 90 degree radiators and 0 is spent another end of radiator on a line.Like this, these two approximate point sources are on a line.Yet these approximate point sources are by spaced apart with λ/2 of the λ that wishes shown in Figure 10 A/4 inverted configuration.

Notice that implementing coupled radiator section antenna of the present invention in any case provides an approximate point source with the distance embodiment at interval near λ/4.Therefore, coupled radiator section antenna allows the user to utilize the directional properties of antenna shown in Figure 10 A.

Radiator segments 708,710 as shown in Figure 8 shows that radiator segments 708 is very near with relevant section 710, yet every pair of section 708,710 is relatively far away with a pair of section that adjoins.In a selective embodiment, one side each section 710 is all equidistantly placed from section 708 is any.This embodiment is illustrated among Figure 11.

With reference to Figure 11, in fact each section equate with the distance of every pair of contiguous segments.For example, section 708B equates with the distance of section 710A, 710B.That is s, ₁=s ₂Similar, section 710A equates with the distance of 708A, 708B.

This embodiment is counter, and it seems the coupling that the meeting appearance is not expected.In other words, a section of a promptly corresponding phase place can be not only and synchronous suitable section coupling, and with the contiguous segments coupling of phase shift.For example, section 708B, this 90 degree Duan Huiyu section 710A (0 degree section) and section 710B (90 degree section) coupling.Such coupling does not form problem, because can be counted as two different modes from the radiation of top section 710.Mode results from the contiguous segments coupling with the left side, and another way results from the contiguous segments coupling with the right side.Yet this dual mode provides equidirectional radiation.Thereby this operation that repeats to be coupled for coupling multistage antenna is harmless.

Figure 12 is the enforcement schematic diagram of coupled radiator section antenna as an example.Referring now to Figure 12, antenna is made of a radiators 1202 and feed part 1206.The radiators section of comprising 708,710.Figure 12 provides the crossover amount δ of section of being of a size of 708,710 and radiators 1202 total lengths.

Be depicted as the length with cylinder axis parallel direction epimere, l ₁The sin α section of being 708, l ₂The sin α section of being 710, the wherein interior angle of the α section of being 708,710.

As above shown in Fig. 8 A and the 9A the section crossover, δ represents with reference number.With the amount of crossover on the antenna axis parallel direction, be δ sin α as shown in figure 12.

Section 708,710 quilts transformable distance s as mentioned above are separated by.Distance is defined as the gap between section 708,710 ends and radiators 1202 ends, indicates reference number r respectively ₁And r ₂Gap r ₁, r ₂Can but must not equate.Have again, as mentioned above, relative section 710, the length of section 708 can change.

Section 710 from an end to next terminal side-play amount with reference number ω ₀Expression.Interval between the contiguous segments 710 is with reference number ω _sRepresent, and depend on the diameter of spiral.

Feed part 1206 comprises that a suitable feeding network is used for providing four phase of line signals to radiator segments 708.Feeding network is an ordinary skill of extensively knowing, and no longer does specific descriptions at this.

As shown in figure 12 in the example, by feed, distributing point is chosen so that impedance matching the best along the distance of each section 708 location and feeding network at a distributing point for section 708.In the embodiment of Figure 12, this is apart from using reference number δ _Feed

Note that continuous lines 1224 illustrates the border of the grounded part on the substrate surperficial face far away.Grounded part on surperficial face epimere far away 708 opposites extends to distributing point.The part that section 708 approaches is on nearly surperficial face.At the distributing point place, the thickness of the section 708 on the nearly surperficial face increases.

Provide a size of coupled radiator section quadrifilar helix antenna of L-band that is suitable for being operated in about 1.6GHz as an example now.Note that this only is an example, other size also is possible for being operated in L-band.In addition, other size also is possible for being operated in its all band.

In L-band embodiment as an example, the total length of radiators 1202 is 2.30 inches (58.4mm).In this embodiment, inclination alpha is 73 degree.The value that this angle [alpha] has been arranged, the length l 1sin α of section 708 is 1.73 inches (43.9mm) for this embodiment.In embodiment as shown in the figure, the length of the length section of equaling 708 of section 710.

In an example, section 710 position in fact with adjoining of it right section 708 be equidistant.At this section 710 and its section 708 of adjoining is in a kind of embodiment of equidistant embodiment, distance s 1=s2=0.086 inch.Other spacing also is possible, and for example the section of comprising 710 is 0.070 inch l with the spacing of contiguous segments 708 ₁.8mm).

The width of radiator segments 708,710 is 0.11 inch l in this embodiment ₂.8mm).Other width also is possible.

The characteristics of this example L-band embodiment are gap l of symmetry ₁=l ₂=0.57 inch l ₁4.5mm).Is that symmetry (is r at slit r for two ends of radiators 1202 ₁=r ₂) the place, radiator 708,710 has the crossover of 1.16 inches (29.5mm) (1.73 inches-0.57 inch) sin α.

Field offset ω ₀Be 0.53 inch and spacer segment ω _sBe 0.393 inch l ₁0.0mm).The diameter of antenna is 4 ω _s/ π.

In one embodiment, this be selected make from the distributing point to the feeding network apart from δ _FeedBe δ _Feed=1.57 inches (39.9mm).Other distributing point can be selected so that impedance matching the best.

Note that above-mentioned embodiment as an example is that plan is that 0.032 inch helical antenna and the many carbonic esters radome that contacts radiators use with thickness.The wavelength how radome or other structures influence desired frequency can become very clear for an one skilled in the art.

Note that in the embodiment as an example that just describes L-band antenna radiator partly total length is shorter than conventional half-wavelength L-band antenna.For the half-wavelength L-band antenna of routine, the length of radiators is approximately 3.2 inches (that is, λ/2 (sin α), the α section of being 708,710 is with respect to horizontal interior angle) here, or (81.3mm).For above-mentioned embodiment as an example, the total length of radiators 1202 is 2.3 inches (58.42mm).This has represented and has reduced than the actual of conventional antenna dimensionally.

V. pile up dual-band helical antenna

After having described several single band helical antenna embodiment, describe one now and implement dual-band helical antenna of the present invention.The present invention be directed to can be on two different operating frequencies the dual-band helical antenna of resonance.Two helical antenna ends are stacked to end, antenna resonance at first frequency and another antenna resonance at second frequency.Each antenna is by a radiators of being made up of around the radiator that gets up more than one spirality.Each antenna also has one by a feeding network and the feed part that ground plane is formed.Two antennas pile up the short-circuited conducting sleeve of the far-end of the radiator that makes the ground plane of an antenna be used for another antenna of cross-over connection.

Figure 13 shows the far away surperficial face 400 of bright dual-band helical antenna according to one embodiment of the present of invention and the floor map of nearly surperficial face 500.This dual-band helical antenna is made up of two single band helical antennas: the helical antenna 1304 and the helical antenna 1308 that is operated in second resonance frequency that are operated in first resonance frequency.

In being shown in the embodiment of Figure 13, feeding network 508, the radiator 104A-104D and first antenna 1304 are arranged on the near surperficial face 500 of first antenna 1304.The ground plane 412 of second antenna, 1308 feeding networks 508 also is placed on the nearly surperficial face 500.The radiator 104A-104D of the feeding network 508 and second antenna 1308 is placed on surperficial face 400 far away with the ground plane 412 that is used for first antenna, 1304 feeds part.

Discuss with reference to Fig. 2 A and 2B as the front, the resonance length l of radiator 104A-104D is the even integral multiple of one of four lines of desirable resonance frequency wavelength, and the far-end of radiator 104A-104D is by short circuit.As shown in figure 13, this short circuit is to finish with the ground plane 412 of first antenna 1304.This structure has been exempted the requirement that adds additional short-circuited conducting sleeve at the end of radiator 104A-104D.

Note that in the embodiment shown in fig. 13 first antenna 1304 is expressed as the strange integral multiple of resonance at one of desirable resonance frequency four lines wavelength, this is because the end of radiator 104A-104D is opened a way.In an alternative embodiment, the short-circuited conducting sleeve (not shown) can be added in the far-end of first antenna, 1304 radiator 104A-104D, and the length that changes these radiators 104A-104D makes that they are even integral multiples on one of the desirable resonance frequency four lines ripple.

The radiator 104A-104D of the double frequency band aerial of describing with reference to Figure 13 is expressed as the first terminal feed of going up near feeding network 508.As everyone knows, the distributing point of the radiator 104A-104D of helical antenna can be positioned at along on the length of radiator 104A-104D more arbitrarily, this position is based at first that impedance matching is considered and fixed.Figure 14 shows an embodiment who understands a dual-band helical antenna.In this embodiment, the distributing point of radiator 104A-104D is positioned at the place that a pre-determined distance is arranged from feeding network 508.Especially in being shown in the embodiment of Figure 14, the distance that the distributing point A of first antenna 1304 is positioned at from feeding network 508 is l _Feed1 place, the distance that the distributing point B of second antenna 1308 is positioned at from feeding network 508 is l _Feed2 place.

This implements the bright radiator 104A-104D of illustration by a ground trace 1436 on the first surface of substrate 406, forms at feed track 1438 on the second surface of substrate 406 and relative with described ground trace and the radiator track on the second surface of substrate 406 1440.

Embodiment as shown in Figure 13, in this embodiment, the ground plane 412 of first antenna 1304 is as the short-circuited conducting sleeve of the radiator 104A-104D and second antenna 1308, and this reflector resonance that makes second antenna 1308 is in the even integral multiple of one of four lines of desired resonance frequency wavelength.

In order to reduce to pile up the total length of antenna, adopted edge discussed above coupling technique.The radiator 104A-104D of first antenna 1304 and/or second antenna, the 1308 use-cases edge coupled radiator as shown in figure 12 that is shown in Figure 13 and 14 replace in such embodiments.

Providing as a kind of strategy that is shown in the double frequency band aerial in Figure 13 and 14 is to first antenna, 1304 feeds.So far, first antenna 1304 is to bring in feed by a wiring of extending from the feed low district partly of first antenna 1304.

Figure 15 shows the bright figure that is used for the terminals of first antenna, 1304 feeds.Referring now to Figure 15, terminals 1504 extend out from the there of the feed part of first antenna 1304 on substrate 406.In the embodiment shown in fig. 15, terminals 1504 are near " L " shape.This makes it given apart from horizontal-extending with one from the feed of first antenna part, axially changes an angle by the direction center in the feed part of second antenna 1308 then.Though 1504 are painted as square, other angle also can be used, and can use as the curve of different radii.

When substrate 406 is rolled into cylinder or other suitable shapes when forming helical antenna, the axial member 1524 of terminals 1504 is actually extends along the axis of dual-band helical antenna.This is a kind of ideal situation.The axial member 1524 of terminals 1504 causes these parts that the influence of antenna radiation pattern is minimized with the axle one of helical antenna.As shown in Figure 15, in a preferred embodiment, terminals 1504 partly extend out from first antenna, 1304 feeds away from the upright position of first antenna 1304 as far as possible at one.Do like this is to reduce to minimum for the influence with the emission figure of 1504 pairs first antennas 1304 of terminals.Because second antenna 1308 is coupled section half-wavelength antennas, and the end of the radiator 104A-104D of second antenna 1308 is by ground plane 412 short circuits of first antenna 1304, the emission figure of 1504 pairs second antennas of terminals influence minimum.

The length l gp of first antenna, 1304 feed parts 1206 is preferably by considering that two factors on suitable operating frequency decide.The firstth, wish to flow to the magnitude of current minimum of second antenna 1308 from the radiator of first antenna 1304, vice versa.In other words, wish to reach two isolation between the antenna.This can be by guaranteeing that the length long enough makes electric current expand to another group radiator from one group of radiator on interested frequency and finishes.

Another kind of strategy is not allow to arrive terminal 1504 from the electric current of first antenna, 1304 radiator 104A-104D.When flowing, terminals 1504 can decay at the feed that passes through first antenna 1304 from the electric current of first antenna 1304.Terminals 1504 form asymmetric discontinuity in these electric currents.Therefore, make the amount of the electric current that arrives terminals 1504 reduce to minimum with wishing greatest practical extent.

After having read these descriptions, how according to used material, it is just very clear for an one skilled in the art person that interested frequency, the expectation performance number of antenna and other known factors are carried out the feed part 1206 with appropriate length lgp.This decision may also need be in the compromise of size and aspect of performance.

Note that the effect of terminals 1504 is not exist in this embodiment.Since the radiator of terminals 1504 and second antenna 1308 very close to, be coupled to terminals 1504 from the electric current of second antenna 1308, and be along the axis of antenna.This current affects causes increase to the antenna edge emission to the emission of second antenna 1308.For antenna is vertically arranged application, and this can cause increase that is transmitted in horizontal direction and the minimizing that is transmitted in vertical direction.As a result, this application is highly suitable for the satellite communication system that the Low Earth Orbit satellite is used to communication apparatus is interrupted communication.

This effect is shown among Figure 10 C, and there, circular polarization emission figure 1010 is expressions of a kind of conventional helical antenna typical emission figure, and emission figure 1020 is expressions of the emission figure of second antenna 1308.Shown in Figure 10 C, figure 1020 is than conventional figure 1010 " flat " more " wide " more.

In order to make a signal be coupled to first antenna 1304, terminals 1504 comprised one as crimp connector or solder connector connector or other be suitable for the connector that between signal trajectory on the terminals 1504 and feeder cable, is connected.Dissimilar cable or wires can be used at terminals 1504 places transceiver RF circuit being connected to antenna.Preferably adopt low consumption flexibility or semi-rigid cable.Certainly, as well-known in antenna technology, it is desirable the impedance of feed input and the feedback of interface electricity being complementary making the power maximum of passing to antenna.Yet if the input transition is very poor, the emission figure still can be symmetrical, and its gain is the corresponding reflection loss amount that descends.Except low insertion loss, it also is very important that connector provides a solid mechanical connection at cable and 1504 of terminals.

The profile of a substrate has as an example also provided in Figure 15.After having read these descriptions, the substrate of other shapes of what use is made of is realized with the antenna of terminals 1504 just very clear to one skilled in the art.

Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that has an embodiment who piles up antenna of size as an example, and in this embodiment, first antenna 1304 is L-band antennas and second antenna 1308 is S-band antennas.S-band antenna 1308 is edge coupled antennas in this embodiment, and each radiator 104 wherein is made up of two sections.Note that this embodiment only provides as an example.Other frequency ranges also can select work for use.Also note or first antenna 1304 or second antenna 1308 or the two all can be utilized the edge coupling technique.

The L-band among present description Figure 16 and the size of S-band antenna.L-band antenna transmitting aperture is 1.253 inches to height overall, and S-band antenna aperature height overall is 1.400 inches.The height of the feed part 412 of first antenna 1304 is 0.400 inch in this embodiment.The inclination angle of radiator 104A-104D is 65 degree.

Top size only provides as an example.As the discussion that the conventional helical antenna of top reference is done, the total length of radiator 104A-104D has determined the accurate resonance frequency of antenna.Because the highest average gain and symmetric figure occur on the resonance frequency, so resonance frequency is very important.If antenna is done longlyer, resonance frequency just moves down.Otherwise antenna is done shortly more, along moving on the vibration frequency.The percentage of frequency shifts is proportional to the percentage that radiator 104A-104D increases or shortens approx.In the operating frequency of L-band, be equivalent to 1MHz in the length of antenna axis direction 1mm.

In an illustrated embodiment, both have four wire arms that excite first antenna 1304 and second antenna 1308, or radiator 104A-104D.Among the radiator 104A-104D each is with the mode feed of 90 degree phase differences.90 exciting with feeding network of degree phase difference mode for 1304,1308, four radiator 104A-104D of each antenna are realized.The conventional feeding network that can provide 90 degree phase difference modes to excite can use a preferable feeding network discussed in more detail below.

Another important size is a distributing point axial length.For the embodiment that distributing point is placed along radiator 104A-104D as shown in Figure 13, distributing point axial length has been stipulated the distance from the feeding network to the distributing point.Distributing point axial length size has indicated little band and has opened to continue the position of radiator, in fact also is the feed position of whole radiator 104.In example shown in Figure 16, the distributing point length of first antenna 1304 is 1.133 inches.The distributing point length of second antenna 1308 is 0.638 inch.These sizes respectively 1618 and 2492MHz produce 50 ohm impedance.Hang down a bit if feed position is moved, impedance is just low.On the contrary, high if feed position is moved, impedance is just high.Notice that when the radiator total length is adjusted with tuned frequency feed position should be important to keep correct impedance matching this point along a certain proportion of amount of moving axially of antenna.

It is on 0.500 inch the cylinder that antenna with size as shown in figure 16 preferably twists in diameter.

VI. feeding network

The helical antenna of Miao Shuing can use single line in this document, four lines, and the structure of eight lines or other free-throw lines realizes.Feeding network is used for providing signal to line with the phase angle of necessity.Feeding network separates signal and the mobile phase place that offers each line.The structure of feeding network depends on the number of line, and for example: for quadrifilar helix antenna, feeding network provides the signal that 90 degree phase differences (promptly 0 spends, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree) arranged of four constant powers.

In order to preserve the space that online current feed department divides, can use unique feeding network wiring.The track of feeding network extends to the more than one radiator 104A-104D of antenna.Feeding network provides the network of the signal that 90 degree phase differences are arranged of four constant powers to describe by a design for convenience.After having read these and describing, it is very clear that feeding network how to realize other x lines just becomes for a people who is proficient in correlation technique.

Figure 17 represents the electrical equivalent diagram of the conventional feeding network that 90 degree phase differences are arranged.For routine the feeding network of 90 degree phase differences is arranged, network provides the signal of four constant powers, each signal on phase place by 90 degree separately.Signal is added to feeding network by first signal path 1704.At the first signaling point A (being called as secondary distributing point), the signal of 0 degree phase place is added to first radiator 104, and at signaling point B, the signal of 90 degree phase places is added to second radiator 104.At signaling point C and D, the signal of 180 degree and 270 degree phase places is added to third and fourth radiator 104.

Signal A and B make up to produce 25 ohmages at the P2 point.Similarly, signal C and D make up to produce 25 ohmages at the P3 point.These signals in P1 point combination to produce 1.25 ohm impedance.Therefore, one 25 ohm, 90 degree transformers are placed on input so that this impedance conversion is become 50 ohm, note that in network shown in Figure 17, and transformer portion just was provided with before the P1 branch is opened to shorten feeder line and to reduce loss.But owing to be before separately, the impedance after it must double separately.

Conventional feeding network is modified so that the track of feeding network is arranged on the part into the substrate of radiator 104A-104D defined.Especially in preferred embodiment, these tracks are positioned in a zone of substrate, and this zone is on the opposite more than the ground trace of one radiator 104A-104B.

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment as an example of feeding network in the quadrifilar helix antenna environment.Especially in the example of Figure 18, show two feeding networks: first feeding network 1804 and second feeding network 1808 that is used for second antenna 1308 that are used for first antenna 1304; Feeding network 1804,1808 is useful on to radiator 104A-104D 0 degree is provided, 90 degree, some A, B, C and the D of 180 degree and 270 degree signals.Dotted line in Figure 18 represents to settle the profile of ground plane of lip-deep radiator 104A-104D of substrate on the surperficial opposite of feeding network 1804,1808 approx thereon.So Figure 18 has represented to settle or extend on it at radiator 104A-104D those parts of the feeding network 1804,1808 of its inside.

Note that the knowledge by a little routines, feeding network is to be used for feeding network and to provide with zone that radiator separates in appointment.On the contrary, make feeding network partly be placed in the antenna radiator part to the feeding network arrangement of describing here.Just because of this, just the feeder line part than conventional feeding network is dimensionally little for the feeder part.

Figure 19 is the schematic diagram with the feeding network 1804,1808 of the antenna 1304,1308 of the signal trajectory that comprises the feed path.Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of antenna 1304,1308 ground plane profiles.Figure 21 be ground plane and the two stack of signal trajectory schematic diagram.

The feed that an advantage of these feeding networks is antennas realizes that partly the required area of feeding network is littler than conventional feeding technique.This is because be placed in the radiators that the feeding network part of feeder part is placed in antenna now originally.Such result is that the total length of antenna can reduce.

An additional advantage of such feeding network is because secondary distributing point is shifted near the distributing point of antenna, and transmission line loss is reduced.In addition, for can be integrated advancing in the wiring of feeding network, goes by impedance matching transformer.

Like this, the net structure that can save area must make feeding network partly be positioned in the radiators of antenna and the remaining part of feeding network is placed in the feeder line part.Because feeding network partly is placed in radiators, the remaining part of feeding network need be than small size in the feeder line part.As a result, the feeder line of antenna part is compared little with the antenna that conventional feeding network is arranged.The opposite that the track of the feeding network that is placed in radiators is placed in the radiator ground plane is preferable.Because like this, the grounded part of radiator is as this part ground plane of feeding network.The feeding network of this saving area can be realized with the antenna of many dissimilar different structures, comprise single band and multi-band helical antenna on multilayer substrate.The antenna of this structure and conventional feeding network specific energy mutually makes the overall size of antenna, and the waste of feeder line reduces.

VII. antenna mount

As mentioned above, a kind of technology of making helical antenna is radiator, and feeding network and ground trace are placed on the substrate also the suitable shape of substrate coiled.Though antenna structure described above can use the conventional technology the suitable shape of substrate coiled to realize, describe now a kind of improved substrate around structure of getting up and technology.

Figure 22 A is that the schematic diagram, especially Figure 22 A that are used for making substrate keep an embodiment of a suitable shape (for example cylindrical) have represented a structure that the antenna that is added to the feeding network that can save area as an example gets on.After having read this description, how to realize that with the helical antenna of other structures the present invention is just very clear for the personnel that are proficient in relevant technologies.

Figure 22 B depicts the profile of structure as an example to 22F, and this structure is used for making antenna to remain on cylindrical and other suitable shapes.Referring now to Figure 22 A to 22F, this example comprised on ground plane 412 or as a metal tape 2118 of its extension, scolder 2216 and more than one path 2210 on metal tape 2118 opposites.

Metal tape 2118 can be made up of the part of ground plane 412 or the metal tape that is added on the ground plane 412.In one embodiment, metal tape 2218 is preferably by only providing predetermined amount of the width broadening of ground plane 412.In the embodiment of Figure 22 A, this width is designated as ω _Strip

Metal zone at ground plane 412 provides a series of paths 2210.For fixedly connected, path 2210 preferably is added to the radiators of first antenna 1304 and second antenna 1308.Be based on the known machinery and the electrical characteristic of materials used for the style of path 2210 selections.Though the present invention can be used on each ground plane 412 one or two paths 2210 when realizing, contacts with electric in order to obtain desirable mechanical strength, can use some paths 2210.When unnecessary, each used ground plane 412 can be laterally or to around extend through antenna radiator.

As appreciable in Figure 22 B, path 2210 extends through the material and the supporting substrate 406 (100) of ground plane 412 fully to another surface from a surface.Path uses well-known popular technique to be made by the path of metallization or plating.A relatively little part or the regional scolder 2216 that plates at the edge 2214 on ground plane 412 opposites.

Be shown in embodiment among Figure 22 B and the 22D and comprised a little metal tape 2218 adjacent that on substrate 406, forms with first edge 2212 on ground plane 412 opposites.In this embodiment, path extends to metal tape 2218 by substrate.When metal 2218 was unnecessary in all application, it was very clearly for the personnel that are proficient in technology that metal tape 2218 helps scolding tin stream and improved mechanical bond.The proprietary material of making metal tape 2218 is according to based on used ground plane material, and known principle such as the scolder of selecting for use are chosen.

General cylindrical when forming desirable helical antenna structure when being rolled in the line supporting substrate, shown in Figure 22 D, edge 2212 and 2214 just is in close proximity to each other.The position of path 2210 and metal tape 2218 (if providing) just with the ground plane edge 2214 on opposite on scolder 2216 overlap mutually.When being with 2218 maintenances to contact, use well-known solder technology and equipment to heat with scolder 2216.

Because scolder 2216 has been melted, it flows to path 2210 and flows on the metal tape 2218.Heating weakens or stops heating then, and scolding tin just forms permanent between two outer rims of ground plane 412 or outer end, still contact that can remove or durable or combination.In this way, antenna supporting substrate 406 mechanically keeps desirable cylindrical shape now and does not need to resemble insulating tape, materials such as adhesive with the antenna element that is placed on it.This has just reduced required time of the such helical antenna of former assembling, cost and labour.This also can allow this operation automation and more antenna sizes of easily producing again are provided.In addition, an edge of ground plane 412 is electrically connected to another edge now, and this provides one just as desired by the continuous conducting ring of ground plane.This electrically contacts and need not just finish by complicated welding or lead.

This technology can be provided by support or the combination that provides along other parts of antenna.For example, a stringly belong to contact pin or can at intervals settle along the length of one group or two groups antenna radiator with 2220 more than one connect.As what in Figure 22 E, can see, connect and belong to contact pin or be placed with adjacent but on the opposite of supporting substrate 406 (100) more than radiator 104A-D with 2220.These connect and belong to contact pin or band and settle to such an extent that the antenna substrate is rolled or curve when producing desirable antenna, metal dots or be positioned on the part of the radiator 104A-D on the opposite side edge of supporting substrate with 2220.Especially in one embodiment, connect and belong to contact pin or be positioned on the ground trace 1436 of radiator 104A-D with 220.Metalized vias can form in connecing genus contact pin 2220, and this is for using or improving thermal conductance and wish with fusing scolding tin.

If a small amount of scolding tin 2226 before had been added to ground trace 1436 lip-deep mating sections, this can be used to radiator received and is with.This provides additional tie point or binding site.These tie points or binding site can keep together the form of the structure of antenna with a hope effectively.In the place that hope is electrically connected, can belong to contact pin or be with and form metalized vias extending to connecing of opposite.It is that the metal tape that ground plane is discussed is connected or is not connected with it that these ferrule can be used for the front.Such structure is very useful in the place of expecting very long radiator or multiple pileup antenna radiator, and it causes high antenna structure.

Figure 23 A-23C is the row view of an embodiment as an example that is used for substrate 406 is rolled into the model 2310 of desirable shape.

Example among Figure 23 is a kind of cylindrical model that is used for rolling up antenna and continuous support and rigidity are provided for antenna structure.In one embodiment, model 2310 can provide a series of tip or teeth 2312 that extend from the outer surface radiation of model 2310.Be used in order to join with model 2310 and tooth 2312, in substrate 406, to provide and a series of " processing with " holes or " assembling guiding " hole or passageway 2230 of tooth 2312 pairings.

In Figure 22 A, processing represents to place ground plane 412 with hole 2330, and the metal material of ground plane 412 plays reinforced hole and prevents the shape damage and move when using relatively softer supporting substrate material, and this helps the adjustment precision of antenna structure.Yet, do not require hole 2230 is arranged in the metal level.

Refer again to Figure 23 A-23C and begin with the perspective view of Figure 23 A, substrate 406 is positioned with by tooth 2312 and hole 2230 mating engagement bolster models 2310 as seen from the figure.

As visible in Figure 23 B and the 23C end view because bolster model 2310 is to change around its axle, perhaps substrate 406 round model 2310 around, hole 2230 engagements help at the tooth 2312 facing to the local of bolster model 2310 or its first-class substrate 406 location.Finally, whole substrate 406 nestles up bolster model and is engaged.In Figure 23 C, substrate 406 is expressed as winding up to it from overlapping mutually so that be with 2218,2220 engagement scolding tin 2216,2226 round bolster model, and this just as previously described.Certainly, be with 2218,2220 and scolding tin 2216,2226 be not used for the place of combined base part, substrate 406 need not overlap on bolster model 2310.In addition, there is not bolster model 2310 to elongate antenna, the needs of radiator 104A-D or substrate total length yet.In some applications, the some or all of parts of antenna can not need necessity of model 2310 from supporting mutually.This characteristic may be favourable, for example helps reducing the influence of 2310 pairs of emissions of model figure on some frequency.

For clear and be easy to expression, in Figure 23 A-23C, only draw substrate 406 and the metal level of the ground plane that do not draw, radiator, feeder line, feeding network etc.It is quite clearly that the size of how determining hole 2230 is complementary for those personnel that are proficient in relevant technologies with the size with tooth 2312.

As shown in figure 23, model 2310 can be used in cylinder and other and constitutes desirable solid or hollow the having from the wedge angle that stretches out or the structure of tooth 2312 that forms in shape.In this embodiment, model 2310 can be envisioned as for example distortion that the tooth drum is arranged that can find in many music boxs.Other structure can make and be used for supplying a model 2310, and this comprises axle/spoke architecture, axle/sprocket structure and other suitable structures.

The interval that note that wedge angle 2312 or spoke is expected for support component is asymmetric.That is to say in order when rolling up, to give the relatively large pulling force that links up, at interval can be more greatly in some part, in order to control the position of substrate edge overlapping place substrate preferably, the interval can be littler in some part.Space width is selected as to make tooth 2312 apply a certain amount of pulling force to make in suitable place to keep substrate 406 that whole to be assembled into a harder structure be preferably.

The use of hole 2230 and tooth 2312 is by location and assembly automation, and the location on the model that can be installed in the radome provides improved manufacturing capacity with accurate placement or substrate.This allows the location of more accurate structure regulation and antenna mount, and causes radome is carried out more accurate control and compensation to the influence of emission figure.

More than lay metal tape 2218, the description of scolder 2216 and path 2210 is that the method by example provides, and after having read these and describing, it is just clear for the one skilled in the art how these elements are placed in different places according to desirable structure.For example, these elements can be located so that antenna can be rolled into makes it have the right hand or left hand circular polarization, and can make radiator 104A-D or in the inside of model or in the outside of model.

VIII. conclusion

When different embodiment of the present invention has been described, they only by way of example method express, but not should understand by the restriction of example.So range of the present invention and scope are not limited by the embodiment of any above-mentioned demonstration should, but should make definitions according to following claim and their equivalent.

Providing of the description of front preferred embodiment is for any one skilled in the art being made or using the present invention.When the present invention was shown and describes with reference to better embodiment, under the situation that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, wherein the various variations of form and details aspect can be done, and this point is to be understood by the one skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. helical antenna comprises:

Substrate,

Radiators, described radiators is formed by being arranged on described on-chip a plurality of radiators, and wherein, described substrate is made described radiator become helicoidal structure by setting,

Feeder line part, described feeder line partly are arranged on the described substrate and are adjacent with described radiators,

Feeding network is made up of described on-chip first group of one or more track that described feeder line part is set and described on-chip second group of one or more track that described radiators is set.

2. according to the helical antenna of claim 1, it is characterized in that, each of described radiator comprises the ground trace that is arranged on the described substrate surface, and wherein, second group of one or more track of described feeding network are arranged on the substrate surface relative with described ground trace.

3. according to the helical antenna of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described track is made up of copper.

4. according to the helical antenna of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described helical antenna is the antenna of single line, two wires, four lines or eight lines.

5. according to the helical antenna of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described radiator is formed by being arranged on described on-chip band section.

6. according to the helical antenna of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described substrate is shaped to cylinder or cone shape.

7. according to the helical antenna of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described radiators is formed by being arranged on described on-chip four radiators, described feeding network provides one 90 degree phase signal to described four radiators.

8. dual-band helical antenna comprises:

First antenna part that on a substrate, forms and second antenna part,

Described first antenna part comprises:

Be formed at the described on-chip first feed part, this first current feed department branch comprises first feeding network and second that is arranged on described substrate last and first ground plane relative with this first feeding network on first that is arranged on described substrate, and

The first group of one or more radiator that is arranged on the described substrate and extends from first feeding network,

Described second antenna part comprises:

Be formed at the described on-chip second feed part, this second current feed department branch comprises second feeding network and first that is arranged on described substrate last and second ground plane relative with this second feeding network on second that is arranged on described substrate, and

The second group of one or more radiator that is arranged on the described substrate and extends from second feeding network,

Wherein, described first feeding network comprises and is arranged on first group of one or more track on described first feed part and is arranged on second group of one or more track on first group of one or more radiator, and described second feeding network comprises and is arranged on the 3rd group of one or more tracks on described second feed part and is arranged on the 4th group of one or more tracks on second group of one or more radiator;

Described substrate is made described radiator become helicoidal structure by setting.

9. according to the dual-band helical antenna of claim 8, it is characterized in that, each of described radiator comprises the lip-deep ground trace that is arranged on described substrate, described one group of one or more track of described feeding network be arranged on the described substrate with described ground trace facing surfaces on.

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