CN1194597A - Method of grinding flour from cereal product - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing flour from cereal produce in which the component parts of the grain have substantially differing physical and mechanical strength characteristics. The invention can be used in grinding graded flour or waste flour for pasting wall from wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn and other cereal produce. The invention can reduce the metal and energy consumption for an industrial production line for the production of graded flour from cereal produce. This is achieved by a four to five-fold reduction in the quantity of equipment needed for grinding and grading. According to the invention, flour is obtained from the cereal produce by breaking up the component parts of the grain preferably with compression loads and by contact between the produce and a plurality of rotating grinder elements as the produce passes through the grinding zone. The grains undergo deformation in stages and the deformation is little, and the destructive contact load of the grinder elements on the produce is gradually reduced along the direction of travel of the produce from the inlet to the outlet. Use of preferably compression loads which are limited in terms of the deformation of the ground produce and maintenance of the ratio between the destructive contact load of the grinder elements and the dimensions of the ground produce and degree of disintegration of the produce ensures a high degree of selectivity in the disintegration of the component parts of the grain. This result in a three to four-fold increase in the yield of graded flour over the yield obtained from a roller mill for one pass of the cereal produce.

Description

Method of grinding flour from cereal product

Technical field

The present invention relates to method of grinding flour from the very big bread basket of the intensity of the various constituents of cereal body and other physics-mechanical property difference.The present invention goes for, for example, and from the powder of the acquisition sound flours such as wheat, rye, barley, oat, corn and the usefulness of papering a wall.

Method of grinding flour from cereal product, different with known material grinding method, it has own some intrinsic characteristics.One of main feature of this breaking method is the selectivity that the cereal body destroys.(for example, the shell of wheat and endosperm).Like this, the grade that wheat is made product is decided by the selectivity degree that shell and endosperm destroy, and available parameter " content of ashes " is represented.When the selectivity degree of cereal destruction was hanged down, shell and endosperm all were ground to the almost as broad as long groups of grains of size.Therefore, after sorting, these groups of grains can not be distinguished fully, and the fine particle group that promptly grinds shell is still stayed in the flour.Like this, the content of ashes index of flour sharply increases, and its grade reduces greatly.On the contrary, when the selectivity degree of destroying when cereal was high, the destructiveness of shell and endosperm was different during pulverizing.As a result, difference is very big each other for the ruined particle size of shell and endosperm.This product that grinds is easy to by Composition Region branch (for wheat bran and flour).Therefore, the selectivity of cereal body destruction is only the basis that the sound flour abrasive dust is produced just.

The level of prior art

With in abrasive dust is produced, using that the present invention is similar to,, utilize the method that obtains flour with respect to the operating mechanism of motionless liner plate rotation in order to improve sound flour output.This rotary work mechanism is long whip shape or disk rotor, and this motionless liner plate then is provided with rib or makes the screen cloth form.This method is used in refiner and the wheat flour detacher, can keep separating (1) with shell with the endosperm residual particles that shell grows together.The operation principle of said apparatus mainly is based on utilizes impact-shear load, destroys primary products selectively.

This method can not be used when obtaining the high-quality powder by bread basket, because the effect of known impact shear load can cause the grain hulls transition to grind, thereby, can improve powder " content of ashes " (promptly reducing the powder grade).According to this method endosperm particle being separated with grain hulls is the technique process-correct grinding of assisting, it be included in abrasive dust produce in whole operations of pulverizing of sound flour, like this, for high-quality grind flour, can not use this to obtain the method for flour independently.

Utilizing calender is prior art of the present invention (2) by the method that bread basket obtains powder.Obtaining high-quality powder according to this method is to utilize in the contact zone of rotary work mechanism (roll form pulverize body), destroys the composition of cereal selectively and according to granule size and composition, the crushing product sorting is realized.At this moment, with the roll of cereal contact with different peripheral speed revolutions, the working surface of roll then makes ripply or has small roughness.When grinding different products on calender, the gap between the roll is in the scope (fluctuation in 0.05～1mm) of broad.The destruction of cereal is by shearing and the compression load realization in calender.Obtaining by bread basket in the production line of powder, in order to obtain the high-quality powder of high yield, use a large amount of (can reach tens) calender, this is because aborning, in a device, adopted pulverize mechanism's (roll) only with the cause that is once contacted by abrasive product.

The prior art shortcoming is, no matter tearing up type or grinding in the calender of type, and in a stroke, the high-quality powder after bread basket grinds yield poorly (for example, the one-level powder is no more than 10～15%).Owing to act on the sizable failure by shear load that is produced by the different circumgyration speed of roll is arranged on the cereal, therefore, the selectivity that the cereal body destroys reduces greatly.Therefore, in order in abrasive dust is produced, to obtain the high yield of high-quality powder, on production line, can adopt by tens and tear up type, grind the grinding unit that the machine of type and correct grinding type is formed.Like this, on production line, to install as a rule and be no less than 4～5 calender of tearing up type.This is owing to require cereal can obtain enough big pulverizing at first to determine, i.e. requirement obtains that red dog essential when obtaining high-grade powder and rough rice thing determined.At this moment, each calender all should be equipped the device of an independent sorting crushed product, and the strictly determined product of grinding particle size level.This just makes the metal wastage and the energy consumption of obtaining the production line of high-quality powder by bread basket increase greatly.

Brief summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to improve bread basket in output, and reduced the metal wastage of the apparatus for production line that obtains the high-quality powder and the energy consumption of production line work by high-quality powder in the stroke of lapping device.

The objective of the invention is to reach like this: (this method comprises with the rotating body that pulverizes and destroys grain component the known method of obtaining powder from bread basket, then the product of pulverizing is carried out sorting according to granule size and composition), by utilizing the rotating body that pulverizes; On cereal, carry out the rolling that contacts with area supported, destroy bread basket selectively, the product that grinds with cereal each several part (being endosperm and shell) separates simultaneously, and the pulverizing of bread basket mainly is to utilize bread basket stream from entering the mouth when outlet is moved, act on that the compression contact load that pulverizes body on the cereal realizes, and pulverizing the compression contact load that body acts on the cereal is the same direction of moving along cereal, stepped reducing.In addition, in the method, can pulverize body and move as curve, produce and pulverize the compression contact load of body cereal by making along the shaped form area supported; And the weight of pulverizing body by change, or pulverize the linear speed that body moves along area supported, or pulverize the ratio of radius with the supporting working surface radius of body area supported, can regulate and pulverize the size of body the compression contact load of cereal.And turn round when pulverizing the body placement, bread basket on the outlet travel direction, has the gap that reduces gradually from inlet with respect to area supported.

Compared with the prior art, method of grinding flour from cereal product of the present invention can reduce the number that grain hulls is broken greatly, thereby also can reduce the number that these shells form the granule group.The present invention mainly is by utilizing compression load to make principle work that cereal destroys, and in prototype method, except compression load, when destroying, acts on and also has quite a large amount of shear loads and cutting load on the cereal.Shown in practice and the research carried out, with shear and the cutting duty ratio, compression load can improve the selectivity that the composition (being shell and endosperm) of cereal destroys greatly.This is because physical-mechanical properties (intensity, fragility, viscosity, the elasticity etc.) difference of grain component causes.Aspect the selectivity that guarantees the cereal grinding, compression load can be fact proved by following than the advantage of shearing and cutting is loaded, that is: mainly utilize device that shear load and cutting load destroy cereal (for example, mill) may not produce the powder of high-quality, that is when pulverizing, can not selectively destroy cereal.In the present invention, the load based on compression load that acts on the cereal is produced by centrifugal force.In rolling with pulverize body along area supported (for example, along circumference) when moving as curve, this centrifugal action is pulverizing on the body, and its direction is vertical with this area supported.In the present invention, manyly pulverize body rolling on cereal owing to have, Gu in crushing process, polished product will stand repeatedly the effect of compression load.Under the condition of the selectivity factor that the various compositions by abrasive product destroy, this to by the repeatedly effect of abrasive product, owing to can more fully cereal endosperm and shell be separated, therefore can improve the output of high-quality powder greatly.In the present invention, along with in milling zone, product, pulverizes body the selectivity that the contact load of cereal reduces also to impel cereal to destroy is gradually improved greatly to the moving of outlet from inlet.Pulverize the weight of body or reduce the linear velocity that pulverizing property moves as curve along curvilinear surface by minimizing, perhaps pulverize the ratio of radius with the supporting working surface radius of body area supported, just can accomplish above-mentioned by adjusting.In this case, acting on the centrifugal force that pulverizes on the body reduces.At this moment, along with cereal-granules moving in milling zone, in order to destroy cereal-granules, necessary contact force also reduces.Otherwise, when the contact load on acting on cereal-granules surpasses optimal value, in the cereal-granules not only endosperm ground effectively, and shell is also ground effectively.According to the data of studying at testing stand, like this,, also can cause the output of high-quality powder to reduce greatly because that bread basket selectively grinds standard is destroyed.

According to the present invention, on the initial highway section of the mobile distance of outlet, the cereal endosperm in the size range of red dog and rough rice thing, is ground into bigger particle to the primary products in milling zone from inlet.Promptly in the starting stage that bread basket is pulverized, on the direction of motion at bread basket from inlet to outlet, pulverize body with respect to area supported, ever-reduced gap, rolling on cereal.As testing stand research institute points out, utilize in the process of ground cereal product of the present invention in the starting stage, obtain the abrasive product of red dog and kibbled grain form, can also improve the grade of powder in addition greatly.This be because, the content of ashes of finished product can be reduced greatly (decreased average 20%～30% or more) like this and reaches.In addition, in the present invention, make the gap length between the working surface that pulverizes body and the static area supported, change towards the direction that reduces, can be in the starting stage that cereal is pulverized, the distortion by stage by stage destroys cereal.When being out of shape stage by stage, the deflection of cereal is little this, and promptly correspondingly, it is lower to pulverize the contact load that body acts on the cereal.Simultaneously, when utilizing ground cereal product of the present invention, pulverize the contact force deflection low and cereal that body acts on the cereal and the destruction of grain hulls is reduced greatly than I.Reducing of this grain hulls destructiveness, what and deflection of cereal distortion number is different when pulverizing according to cereal, can also improve the grade of utilizing the powder that the present invention obtains greatly.

The present invention since taked above-mentioned the whole series in crushing process, destroy the measure of bread basket selectively, therefore can improve the output of high-quality powder greatly.For example, when pulverizing wheat with the present invention, the testing stand that is carried out studies show that, with at product once by under the situation of a calender, pulverize same wheat relatively with calender, can make the output of high-quality powder increase by 3～4 times.Simultaneously, the output of utilizing the present invention to improve the high-quality powder also can make the metal wastage of production line and the energy consumption of obtaining the high-quality powder by bread basket reduce several times, because the grinder at this moment in the production line and the quantity of separator can significantly reduce (reducing several times).

Brief description of drawings

Below, the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, represented to be used to realize grinder of the present invention and various piece thereof among the figure.

Fig. 1 represents along the vertical section of the grinder of B-B line;

Fig. 2 represents along the cross section of the grinder of A-A line among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 represents that grinder tears up the partial view of the milling zone in the part, and wherein, primary products is done fixing distortion stage by stage.

Grinder comprises a cylindrical housings 1. The inner face of housing 1 is added with liner, Placing coaxially one with the vertical cylindrical of separator on the axle 2 in the housing 1 Rotor 3. Be equipped with on the rotor 3 many make revolving body (for example, cylinder, annulus, Ball, mandrel, hollow pipe, disk etc.) form pulverize body 4. The separation of rotor 3 The body that pulverizes in the device is mounted to and makes its axis of rotation parallel with the axis of axle 2. Grinder Charging passage 5 and discharge channel 6 are arranged. Pulverize body 4 and be placed on the obstructed of separator In the radial slot 7, this radial slot 7 is the annular groove form, and work is cylindrical rotor 3 On the surface, be divided into phase by the flat board 8 of radially placing on the body that is fixed on rotor 3 Deng section. The separator of rotor 3 comprises several part I, II, III, their phases Should be and tear up part, means of abrasion and correct grinding part. At the I of rotor, II, III part In, weight is installed, body is pulverized in size or variform revolution. This can guarantee During the rotor revolution, pulverize body 4 and act on the different contact force that is polished on the product, That is: according to form and the grade of bread basket, its intensity and other physical-mechanical properties Difference in each part successively of grinder, is pulverized body 4 and is acted on the cereal Contact load, from entrance to exporting stepped reducing. Be used for cereal in advance broken Go bad into the tearing up in the part 1 of rotor of bigger particle, revolution is pulverized body 4 and is placed on paddy On the direction of motion of produce product from entrance to outlet, with respect to the inside lining of housing 1 Area supported has the gap (Fig. 3) that reduces gradually with the working surface 9 that pulverizes body 4. In addition, pulverize between the static area supported of the working surface 9 of body 4 and housing 1 The gap a that changes, b, the size of c is in the milling zone that tears up part 1, along with original Product moves from entrance towards outlet and reduces successively. In the mobile distance of milling product (namely at means of abrasion II and correct grinding part III) pulverizes body 4 at cereal on all the other sections Upper rolling, it is very close to each other with respect to the lining of housing 1. II and III partly are equipped with tangible Shape, weight and size all not identical revolution are pulverized body 4, and these pulverize body can guarantee institute The granularity of necessity of the high-quality powder that obtains and endosperm and grain hulls separated fully. In addition Outward, means of abrasion II is mainly used in guaranteeing the desired granularity of powder, and correct grinding part III Then be used for more fully endosperm and grain hulls being separated. According to characteristics of the present invention, phase Should ground select the shape pulverize body, size and weight can guarantee using when of the present invention, The effect of means of abrasion II and correct grinding part III.

Preferred embodiment

Utilize the present invention, obtain powder by bread basket and can carry out as follows.

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, when the axle 2 that rotates grinder, body 4 is pulverized in a plurality of revolutions in the separator of rotor 3, under centrifugal action, moves towards the circumference of the housing 1 that is added with liner.At this moment, pulverize body 4 and contact, firmly be pressed on the lining, and begin to move, and do not exceed the scope of the obstructed radial slot 7 of revolving rotor 3 along the curvilinear surface of this lining with the lining of housing 1.After grinder started, bread basket (for example, wheat, rye, barley, oat, corn etc.) along feeding-passage 5, was sent into the inside of housing 1 continuously.When in the space of limiting by the lined surface of the side surface of rotor 3 and grinder housing 1, from feeding-passage 5 when discharge channel 6 motion, carry out the rolling that contacts with the static liner area supported of housing 1 because body 4 is pulverized in a plurality of revolutions on cereal, primary products is ground.The process of utilizing the present invention to destroy primary products is mainly realized by compression load.This compression load is to produce when moving as curve along static area supported (be adding of housing 1 cylindrical surface of liner) when pulverizing body.Utilizing the present invention to grind bread basket is along with bread basket moves, by rotor portion I, and II, realize stage by stage the workspace of III.In the workspace of tearing up part I of rotor, bread basket is because fixing distortion stage by stage under the condition that the grain hulls destructiveness strengthens, is broken to size at red dog and the bigger particle below the rough rice thing.Then, the pulverizing product of cereal move in the workspace of means of abrasion II of rotor, carry out grinding accordingly with the grade of resultant powder the basic process of endosperm there.In the final stage of pulverizing, when polished product enters in the workspace of correct grinding part III, endosperm separates fully with grain hulls.The product that is ground along discharging arm 6, is sent from the housing 1 of grinder, then, according to granularity thickness and composition the product of pulverizing is carried out sorting.

Under the compression load standard, the pulverizing of bread basket can guarantee the selective power (being selectivity) that the cereal various piece is destroyed.Promptly when the compression force of pulverizing body is on grain hulls, have in the enclosure under the situation of endosperm of enough fragility, the degree that the shell of the more flexible and viscosity of cereal destroys is more much smaller than doing the time spent at shear load.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, when a plurality of bodies (for example, being shaped as cylinder) that pulverize on bread basket during rolling, in pulverizing the zone that the liner of body 4 with housing 1 contact, this product is compressed into a thin layer.As a result, crisp endosperm is destroyed, and more resilient grain hulls mainly is by flatly " expansion " along above-mentioned layer.This two-by-twice distortion of grain hulls (being that shell in one plane " is spread out ") is keeping the compression load deficiency so that under the condition that shell destroys, can make when bread basket is pulverized the destruction minimum of shell.

Industrial applicability

In the prior art, in the contact area that pulverizes body (roll), formed The abrasive product layer is constantly repeatedly broken. This breaking is because in the work of roll Doing on the surface has many grooves, and roll itself causes with different speed revolutions. This The time, except compression, polished product is also cut and is sheared. With the present invention Relatively, in the prior art, grain hulls since be subjected to the roll groove rupturing and Shear action, and by heavy damage. According to the present invention, a plurality of bodies that pulverize are at bread basket Upper roll extrusion can guarantee the high production rate of lapping device, and, utilize the present invention, reality On endosperm and grain hulls are separated fully. For example, can make a kind of grinding dress Put, the length of its mill working area equals 20～30 (or more) calender and grinds The total length of workspace. Original bread basket, when in grinder from input channel 5 When moving to output channel 6 (Fig. 1), be subjected to grinding stage by stage, simultaneously, pulverize Body acts on the contact load that is polished on the product and reduces successively, and its size is passable Regulate. In the present invention, when product passes through in milling zone, the contact load sublevel The variation of section can guarantee the size of these loads and abrasive product particle size and Grain " destructiveness " degree adapts. Because along with product passes through at milling zone, cereal Particle size reduces, and its " destructiveness " increases, and therefore, destroys the required power of particle not Disconnected reducing. This can eliminate in milling zone, acts on undesirable on the cereal-granules The contact load that raises, and can guarantee greatly to reduce the destruction of grain hulls, thereby, profit Use the present invention, can greatly improve the output of high-quality powder. Research institute shows such as testing stand Like that, and by calender, the high-quality powder output in a stroke relatively, The adjustable body that pulverizes of compression and size acts on destruction contact load standard on the cereal Lower, grind bread basket and can make 3～3.5 times of the output increaseds of high-quality powder or more.

In the workspace of tearing up part 1 of rotor, at the starting stage of grinding, cereal Product is to be damaged under the condition of special " tolerance ". This point reaches like this, Namely be out of shape stage by stage owing to cereal, and little at its deflection of every one-phase, because of This, in this zone, cereal is destroyed under lower contact load. This change Shape amount is by the tearing up in the part 1 of rotor, and first row pulverizes the liner of body and housing 1 Gap length " a " and in this part, along bread basket from entrance to outlet The direction of motion, a upper row and subsequent arranges the above-mentioned gap of pulverizing body poor (that is: According to the condition of Fig. 3, be gap a, poor " a-b " or " b-a " of b) determine. On the one hand, the deflection that is polished product can not make in milling zone, pulverizes body 4 effects Contact load on product is little, and this can prevent that grain hulls from excessively being ground, thereby Be converted to and be difficult to the groups of grains of separating with method for separating. On the other hand, because above-mentioned gap " a ", " b ", the impact of " c ", grinding have the fixing cereal of cereal deflection and produce Product can the incipient stage of grinding (that is: in the workspace of tearing up part I from rotor The exit) namely obtain endosperm bulky grain (red dog and kibbled grain form) and large scale The high abrasive product of grain hulls part content. In the starting stage of grinding, in the acquisition Stating the cereal-granules content by the degree of grinding classification, is high-quality powder production worker in practice One of most important operation of skill. As testing stand research institute represents, thisly grind in advance The mill bread basket (reduces by 1.2～1.3 owing to can greatly reduce the content of ashes of powder Doubly or more), therefore, can greatly improve the grade of finished product (that is: powder).

The present invention and known device are relatively, and be can manufacturing dimension little, and at a stroke In, the device that the output of high-quality powder is high. In milling plants, adopt the present invention can with The decreased number manyfold (4～5 times or more) that grinder and sorting arrange, and can Reduce institute's energy requirement, simplify production line and equipment thereof. Consider known prior art institute Intrinsic shortcoming, the present invention can have widely application in abrasive dust production, and can obtain Huge economic benefit.

Claims (4)

1. method of grinding flour from cereal product, it comprises and utilizes the rotating composition that body destroys cereal that pulverizes, and then the product of pulverizing is carried out sorting by granule size and composition, it is characterized in that, by utilizing the rotating body that pulverizes on cereal, to carry out the rolling that contacts with area supported, destroy bread basket selectively, the abrasive product of cereal each several part (being endosperm and shell) is separated, and the pulverizing of bread basket mainly is to utilize, when bread basket flows from inlet when outlet is moved, pulverize body and act on that compression contact load on the cereal realizes, at this moment, pulverize body and act on compression contact load on the cereal also on this direction, stepped reducing.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, pulverizing body, to act on compression contact load on the cereal be to move generation along the area supported of curve as curve by pulverizing body.

3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, pulverize the big I that body acts on the compression contact load on the cereal and pulverize weight or its linear velocity of moving of body, or the radius that pulverizes the body area supported is regulated with the ratio of the radius of supporting working surface along area supported by change.

4. as claim 1, the described method of any of 2,3 is characterized in that, this revolution is pulverized body and is placed on bread basket from entering the mouth on the outlet travel direction, has the gap that reduces gradually with respect to area supported.