CN1192221C - Vibration phasor monitoring system for rotating members - Google Patents
Vibration phasor monitoring system for rotating members Download PDFInfo
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- CN1192221C CN1192221C CNB008017956A CN00801795A CN1192221C CN 1192221 C CN1192221 C CN 1192221C CN B008017956 A CNB008017956 A CN B008017956A CN 00801795 A CN00801795 A CN 00801795A CN 1192221 C CN1192221 C CN 1192221C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
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Abstract
A vibration phasor monitoring system for real time determination of a vibration phasor magnitude and angle including a quadrature detector, implemented in software or hardware, whose reference phasors are locked in phase, via hardware, to a physical reference point on a rotating shaft. A vibration transducer and a transducer that senses a complete revolution of the shaft are disposed around the shaft. The transducers may be axially separated along the shaft. A clocking arrangement is implemented to determine the shaft angle at the time an output of the vibration transducer is read. Thereafter, the sine and cosine of the determined shaft angle are obtained and are used to multiply the vibration transducer output reading thereby resulting in respective projections of the vibration phasor on the sine and cosine reference phasors. These porjections are then manupulated to obtain the vibration phasor angle and magnitude.Harmonic analysis is easily implemented by multiplying the generated shaft angle.
Description
Present invention generally relates to the surveillance technology of rotary part.The present invention is specifically related to be used for the apparatus and method of fundamental frequency vibration phasor of a turning axle of real time monitoring, so that determine whether this vibration is within the predetermined limited field.
Usually the generating set that all comprises rotary part tends to be out of order when relying on the wheel box maximal work, causes expense to increase or possible destruction, and this is comprising mechanical breaking even personal injury.Thereby just need to monitor that this equipment is to avoid this type of fault.Specifically for instance, for the thermal effect on the reduction equipment, often make upper and lower its operating rate that departs from of turbine by stepped intervals.Yet rotary machine has intrinsic resonant frequency, and these frequencies sometimes can be coincide with the frequency that produces in acceleration or the moderating process.In order to reduce infringement, the scope that in acceleration and moderating process, needs to avoid entering these resonance points to machine.
The rotary machine amplitude that particularly supervision of generating set can be by monitors vibration phasor or vector and angle (for example being with respect to a monumented point on the axle) changed realize.When exceeding the variation that to accept to limit, can close or suspend machine to avoid damage or to avoid taking place further damage.Or change as indicated by a kind of steering logic and to exceed the data that can accept to limit and carry out different actions, allow vibration return within the acceptable restriction.When machine recurring structure fault, significantly sharply changing will appear in amplitude and/or angle.When rapid vibration just may occurring during by resonant frequency, the gyro frequency of turbine changes.Because expection or unexpected parts depreciation also may occur vibrating phasor lentamente and change.Because exist possibility jumpy, just need effective salvo, need to determine in real time continuously the amplitude and the angle of vibration phasor.
According to the vibrations of rotating components phasor method for monitoring of General Electric (General Electric) prior art, be to adopt post-processed to carry out Fourier to analyze to determine vibration phasor amplitude and angle by the reading matrix that displacement transducer is obtained.Yet; accumulation reading and transmit data so that the delay that subsequent treatment caused can cause amplitude and angle to upgrade too slow to people's computer type man-machine interface one by one from I/O (I/O) card; be difficult to protect or control rapid vibration change, this method only is fit to be used for monitoring parts depreciation.For example in the Speedtronic of GeneralElectric Mark V turbine controller, just used system based on Fourier analysis.
Disclose another kind of vibration monitoring technology in the U.S. Pat 3,220,247 of Goodman, it is the vibration that is used for detecting shipping propelling equipment.The technology of Goodman has adopted sinusoidal and the cosine operator produces reference signal, and its reference cycle is identical with the cycle of a unbalanced signal.Unbalanced signal and reference signal are offered multiplier, and the result of gained obtains mean value by filtering circuit.According to the technology of Goodman, a tech-generator need be physically connected on the turning axle.Yet, this connection not only complexity but also costliness.In addition, tech-generator can be subjected to mechanical wear, and under the situation that it breaks down, may need will be monitored the machine shutdown, although machine itself does not have fault.This unnecessary shutdown is very expensive cost to generating plant operating personnel and other people.And then sinusoidal and cosine all is very important with reference to 90 degree orthogonality relations with tech-generator to any accurate calculating.Manufacturing tolerance when unfortunately, this 90 degree relations depend on each winding that differs 90 degree ground installation tech-generators each other.In addition, the device of Goodman can not provide vibration phase angulation by the form that is applicable to automatic protection or control.Data can only show by an oscillograph.Data presented can only provide from visually determining the original means of angle.In addition, according to the technology of Goodman, the reference point that on turning axle, is used for measuring the phase angulation be axially rotation a bit, the sine output of tech-generator on this aspect equals 0, and cosine is exported and equaled 1.If sliding appears in being connected of tech-generator and axle, the reference point on the axle will be slided or be moved.At last, check that in the device of Goodman harmonic vibration needs a gear case or many windings tech-generator, this has just further increased complicacy and expense.
Another kind of vibration monitoring technology is disclosed in the U.S. Pat 4,015,480 of Giers, it be used for measuring instantaneous unbalanced.This device comprises a plurality of readings of using sine and cosine component with reference to phasor to multiply by vibration amplitude.Yet still there is restriction in many aspects in the device of Giers.This device need connect clock generator or need to connect reference and clock generator under the situation of employing physics with reference to generator actual on the turning axle.This connection may be difficult to realization, thereby not ideal enough.And then the sample frequency of Giers depends on the quantity in the hole on the rotating disk excircle in the clock generator.Calculate required high sample frequency for the accurate and high resolving power of phasor amplitude and angle and need have the bigger rotating disk of porous, this also is difficult to realize.Moreover the device of Giers needs synchronous reference and clock generator, and compensates synchronous deficiency by increasing sample frequency.Yet as mentioned above, sample frequency can be subjected to the restriction of the quantity in hole.
In addition, in the device of Giers, coordinate and accurate sample frequency and cycle are depended on the exact position in the hole in the rotating disk of its clock generator.This just needs accurate manufacturing technology.Have again, the same with the device of Goodman, check that harmonic vibration needs a gear case.
Thereby needing a kind of simply, real-time method and apparatus comes to monitor accurately and effectively the vibration phasor of rotary part, could realize effective supervision like this and controls.
The objective of the invention is provides vibration phasor amplitude and angle with apparatus and method as herein described in real time with respect to a reference point on the turning axle, and this turning axle is an axle on the rotary machine, for example is prime mover of generator such as steam turbine.Accurately produce this vibration parameters useful protective effect can be provided for the machine that structure failure or parts depreciation may occur.For example can make machine " shutdown " or time-out in time, thereby avoid damaging or extra infringement.Control system also can be come the working point of mobile apparatus with these vibration parameters, and vibration is reduced to specified level.Most preferred embodiment can be by simple, economy, and durable and flexible way provides these parameters in real time.
Specifically, adopt one with software or hard-wired quadrature detector, by hardware with its with reference to the phase locking of phasor on the physics reference point of a turning axle, be used for determining in real time vibration phasor amplitude and angle.Arrange that round axle a displacement transducer that is used for detecting vibration and one are used for detecting the displacement transducer of the revolution of axle.Sensor can separate on axial and/or circumference along this axle.Realize a kind of time set, the shaft angle degree when determining to read vibration transducer output.
The sine and the cosine of the shaft angle degree of determining then, and be used for multiply by vibration transducer output reading, thus sinusoidal and cosine forms each projection of vibrating phasor on reference to phasor in the amplitude of unit.Handle these projections then to obtain vibration phase angulation and amplitude.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide the method for monitoring of the vibration phasor in a kind of rotary part, may further comprise the steps:
Obtain the amplitude of a kind of vibration in the above-mentioned rotary part;
Obtain the angle of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned angle obtains step and comprises:
Produce the signal of a turn over of an above-mentioned rotary part of representative;
With the increment of counter, till producing above-mentioned signal once more, store first counting of above-mentioned counter and with above-mentioned counter reset;
When obtaining step, above-mentioned amplitude reads and stores second counting of above-mentioned counter; And
Above-mentioned second counting is counted divided by above-mentioned first;
Obtain a quadrature to the reference phasor;
A described quadrature of determining the locking of each comfortable phase place of above-mentioned vibration phasor and above-mentioned rotary part is to the projection on the reference phasor;
With at least one low-pass filter to above-mentioned projection filtering;
Calculate a numerical value, it equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of above-mentioned projection divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude and the angle of above-mentioned vibration phasor respectively.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of equipment that is used for measuring a vibration phasor in the rotary part, having comprised:
Be used for obtaining the device of the transient measurement value of a vibration amplitude in the above-mentioned rotary part;
Be used to obtain the device of orthogonal reference phasor;
The moment of the transient measurement of the above-mentioned vibration amplitude in above-mentioned rotary part obtains the device of the angle of above-mentioned rotary part, the device of above-mentioned acquisition angle comprises: the device of signal that is used for producing a turn over of the above-mentioned rotary part of representative, be used for the increment of counter until above-mentioned rotary part subsequently turn over a turn over and till producing above-mentioned signal once more and the above-mentioned signal storage of response appear at the device of the counting of first in the above-mentioned counter, read and store the device of second counting of above-mentioned counter in the moment of the transient measurement value of finishing above-mentioned amplitude, and will be above-mentioned second counting divided by above-mentioned first device of counting;
A quadrature of above-mentioned angle locking that is used for determining each comfortable its phase place of above-mentioned vibration phasor and above-mentioned rotary part is to the device of the projection on the reference phasor;
Above-mentioned projection is carried out the device of low-pass filtering;
Be used for calculating the device of a numerical value, this numerical value equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of projection divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude of above-mentioned vibration phasor and the device of angle respectively.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide the equipment of a vibration phasor in a kind of rotary part that is used for measuring machine, having comprised:
Be located at a near vibration transducer of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned vibration transducer produces the transient measurement value of the vibration amplitude of above-mentioned rotary part when receiving a reading request;
Be located at a near key sensor of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned key sensor produces a key signals when detecting key relevant with above-mentioned rotary part;
A value-added counter between continuous key signals, and respond each key signals and reset;
Be connected to first register of above-mentioned counter, and storage just appears at first counting before resetting;
Be connected to second register of above-mentioned counter, and store it at above-mentioned reading request second counting constantly;
Connect a divider of the output of above-mentioned first and second registers, and producing above-mentioned second counting and above-mentioned first ratio of counting;
Be connected to first multiplier of above-mentioned divider, and aforementioned proportion be multiply by 360 degree obtain above-mentioned rotary part in above-mentioned reading request angle constantly, and the sine and the cosine generation circuit that are connected to above-mentioned first multiplier, a quadrature of above-mentioned sine and generation of cosine generation circuit and above-mentioned vibration phasor homophase is to phasor; And
Be connected respectively to the second and the 3rd multiplier of the output of the output of above-mentioned sine and cosine generation circuit and above-mentioned vibration transducer, the above-mentioned second and the 3rd multiplier export respectively above-mentioned vibration phasor at above-mentioned quadrature to the projection on the phasor;
Be connected respectively to first and second low-pass filters of the above-mentioned second and the 3rd multiplier output terminal;
Be connected to a device of above-mentioned low-pass filter, be used for calculating a numerical value, this numerical value equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Be connected at least one and be used for a device on the said apparatus of evaluation, be used for above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of the above-mentioned projection of one of them divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude of above-mentioned vibration phasor and at least one of angle respectively.
Like this, each reading of vibration transducer of the present invention can both provide new vibration phasor amplitude and new angle, thus the vibration of measuring a rotary part in real time.
Different with the described device of Giers with Goodman, the axle that does not need to be physically connected to machine upward just can provide completely orthogonal with reference to phasor, just can obtain accurate and useful vibration phasor amplitude and angle information at once, and is convenient to realize analysis of harmonic.
The synoptic diagram of the vibration phase amount detection systems of Fig. 1-3 expression most preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 A and 4B have used curve representation and have exported according to the sensor of a most preferred embodiment, are used for monitoring one as the rotary part key and compress the slit or compress bearing.
Fig. 5 with curve representation be used for detecting the output of a displacement transducer of the vibration relevant according to a most preferred embodiment with turning axle.
Fig. 6 represent to vibrate phasor and unit with reference to a quadrature of phasor between a kind of possible relation.
Followingly specify embodiments of the invention with reference to accompanying drawing.Fig. 1 has represented a rotary part 10, and it for example is an axle of turbine, when axle 10 rotations, and the oscillating component 12 with a turning axle fundamental frequency.Certainly, axle described herein can interrelate with the rotary machine of any kind.Two displacement transducers 16,18 be arranged on axle 10 around, with its near but do not contact.Sensor 16 monitors key or the slit that cuts 14 that is located on the axle 10, and its position makes it can respond displacement variable in distance just by key 14.Or can monitor facing to an above-mentioned bearing that cutting forms that compresses the slit with sensor 16.Fig. 4 A and 4B represent that sensor 16 is at the exemplary voltages signal of exporting when compressing the slit or compressing bearing 400,405.On the other hand, sensor 18 is displacement transducers that are used for measuring vibrations.Sensor 18 can be along the position that axially is contained in the definite vibration of any needs phasor 12 of axle 10.Fig. 5 represents to detect when vibrating displacement just a kind of exemplary voltages signal 500 from sensor 18 outputs when sensor 18.From Fig. 4 A, as can be seen, the output voltage that sensor 16,18 produces separately is directly proportional with distance between sensor cover and the turning axle 10 among the 4B and 5.The DC component of these voltages is directly proportional with distance between static axle 10 (supposing the negligible axial deviation) and the sensor.This distance is called as gap or the air gap between sensor 16 or 18 and spools 10 sometimes.As Fig. 4 A, shown in the 4B and 5, voltage signal 400,405 or 500 dynamically AC compounent respectively with the increase of the distance that causes by vibration or minimizing or under the situation of key sensor 16 number of times by key 14 be directly proportional.It should be noted that the angular relationship between the sensor 16,18 is unimportant, this relation can be set as required, can not influence and calculate the vibration phasor exactly.
As shown in Figure 1, preferably come the voltage signal 400 or 405 of processes sensor 16 outputs with signal control circuit.Specifically, according to this most preferred embodiment, need pass through logical signal 26 TRUE of instantaneous generation of sensor 16 at key 14, otherwise just produce FALSE.This is to realize by voltage comparator 20 and combination with marginal detector 22 of delayed action, with the output of sensor 16 be used for limiting key and compare by a predetermined level 30 of the thresholding of incident.Predetermined comparative level 30 preferably is provided with by software (although also can use hardware circuit) via communication bus 28, and converts simulating signal to D/A converter 24.Preferably, under the TRUE state, produce the logical signal 26 of indication " key is in 0 degree " by the output of negative edge trigger comparator/marginal detector 20,22 combination of signal 400 or 405.
Fig. 2 represents to be used to provide a kind of field programmable gate array 40 of other main in present embodiment signal controlling functions.Those skilled in the art can understand, and can be finished with discrete parts by field programmable gate array (FPGA) 40 performed functions, also can finish with software or certain array mode fully, and this depends on the environment of concrete enforcement.In FPGA40, supply with a counter 44 with an oscillator 42.The bit width of the frequency sum counter 44 of oscillator 42 is to select according to the needs of accurate measuring vibrations phasor amplitude and angle.For example in most preferred embodiment, adopt 6.25 megahertz oscillator 42 to supply one 24 digit counter 44 and can be used for rotating speed up to 18, the 000rpm or the power generation turbine of 300Hz axle speed.Yet, also can select any clock or oscillator speed and counter size according to concrete purposes.Receiving two independently enabling signals 26 (" key be in 0 degree " logical signal) or one of 34 time, the content of counter 44 is being passed to one of two latchs 50,52 by transmitting frame 46,48.
Specifically the counting that starts counter 44 when signal 26 key phasor look-at-me just occurs for TRUE passes to latch 50.In addition, in case finished transmission to latch 50, just with counter 44 reset-to-zeros.Can avoid calculating the increment counting by resetting and/or to the compensation of counter rollover.Like this, in latch 50, just comprise the 6.25MHz number of pulses that oscillator 42 produces in the double time of being experienced between by sensor 16 at key 14.Therefore, on behalf of key, the counting of latch 50 just can pass through the measuring period of sensor 16 continuously with the 6.25MHz clock signal.
Respond the counting that a read request line 34 starts counter 44 and pass to latch 52, read request line 34 is also connected to the A/D converter 62 that links to each other with the output 32 of sensor 18.Control the action of read request line 34 by a microprocessor (not shown), with the optimum frequency 1322.75Hz of sensor 18 outputs reading is carried out initialization in periodic mode.In Fig. 2 and 3, represent the digital reading value with 64.Counter 44 is not resetting when transmitting latch 52.When therefore, comprising from last key phasor occurring and reset just " key is in 0 degree " logical signal 26 in the latch 52 directly only A/D converter 62 the 6.25MHz pulse that produced by oscillator 42 till the reading or the quantity of clock appear.Notice that frame 60 among Fig. 2 can be used to eliminate the DC component skew that just air gap caused in the vibration measurements.
The significance bit of latch 50,52 depends on the ratio of the content 58 of latch 52 divided by content 54 gained of latch 50.As shown in Figure 3, this ratio is determined by divider or ratio frame 70 when handling vibration readings 64.On behalf of a turn over of axle, the ratio value of frame 70 outputs the fractional part of the key phasor of moment takes place with respect to this instantaneous vibration reading.In a multiplier 72, this fractional part of changeing be multiply by 360 degree, the output that becomes read sensor 18 promptly among the figure with 64 readings of representing that constantly and sensor 16 (0 spends) shaft angle degree apart.Drawn out from the shaft angle degree of multiplier 72 acquisitions equally in Fig. 6 with element 113, as mentioned below, it also be the unit phasor of phase locking on key 14 quadrature to one of angle.
Fig. 3 has further represented the embodiment according to the phase-locked quadrature detector of present embodiment, and Fig. 6 with curve representation vibration phasor and unit with reference to the right a kind of possible relation of this quadrature of phasor.It is right to export a quadrature that is used to the unit's of foundation phasor from the angle of multiplier 72.The unit cosine that obtains by cosine frame 74 is with reference to a phasor of phasor 110 representatives and slit or key 14 homophases.Unit sinusoidal reference phasor 112 representatives that obtain by frame 76 are than a phasor of key phasor quadrature lagging.Quadrature lagging means that this phasor likens compressing the slit or compressing backward 90 degree of bearing for key 14 on the sense of rotation of axle.
Utilize thus obtained unit with reference to phasor, the reading of vibration phasor 114 is carried out quadrature detection, it is measured by A/D converter 62 at the instantaneous amplitude of sampling instant.According to present embodiment, signal 64 be multiply by each unit with reference to phasor.Obtain a composite signal by each product." interchange " part of synthesizing is the sine wave of the double frequency of axle." direct current " part of composite signal is that the vibration phasor is in the unit that multiplies each other with it half with reference to the projection on the phasor.Mathematical analysis to the phasor multiplying can vide infra.
In order only to extract projection, each product that multiplier 78,80 is exported provides a low-pass filter 84 or 86.The cutoff frequency of wave filter and exponent number are chosen such that and are used to provide amplitude and the definite ideal response of angle, reduce the fluctuation of these outputs as far as possible.For example having adopted cutoff frequency in a most preferred embodiment is the six rank low-pass filters of 0.25Hz.This filtering result can resolve into its projection on two unit quadrature phasors 110,112 with the vibration phasor basically, one of them (phasor 110) with compress slit or key 14 homophases.The amplitude of projection is its original half (referring to mathematical analysis), and is as mentioned below.
In order to determine the amplitude and the angle of vibration phasor 114, also want other functions shown in the execution graph 3.Specifically, in square frame 88,90, get low-pass filter output square, and addition in summation frame 92.The square root of the addition results that obtains by square root function 94 is half of vibration phasor 114 amplitudes, and multiply by 2 in multiplier frame 96.Vibration phasor 114 and cosine with reference to the angle between the phasor with vibrate phasor 114 and compress the slit or key 14 between angle identical.In order to obtain this angle, determine in unit cosine half half arc cosine by frame 100 and 102 divided by vibration phasor 114 amplitudes with reference to the vibration phasor projection on the phasor 110.For example, can obtain at unit cosine half value from the output of low-pass filter 84 with reference to the vibration phasor projection on the phasor, from low-pass filter output square the root sum square output of square root function frame 94 just can obtain to vibrate half value of phasor amplitude.So just can obtain to vibrate phasor amplitude 98 in real time and vibrate measuring angle 104 mutually.The vibration amplitude of phasor and/or angle and threshold value can be compared,, just can be used for stopping or suspending rotary machine to avoid and damage or extra infringement if exceed.
In order to study the harmonic wave of shaft vibration, between the output of multiplier 72 and cosine and sinusoidal frame 74 and 76, provide a multiplier 120.In order to analyze the fundamental frequency of vibration, input that can multiplier 120 is set to 1.On the other hand, by being the harmonic component that multiplier 120 inputs 2 or higher value just can be analyzed and researched and be vibrated.Like this, can analyze harmonic wave by the multiplier input value of simple change multiplier 120.
And then will vibrate phasor amplitude 98 and vibration mutually one of measuring angle 104 input be used for the controller chassis 130 of amplitude monitored and angle, and think that one of these values or both have exceeded acceptable restriction or during above a ratings mode according to appointment response is provided.For example, respond this state, controller chassis 130 can starting outfit speed control and/or parking.Controller chassis 130 also comprises the display 132a that specifies phasor amplitude and angle, 132b.
Following analysis provides a kind of Fundamentals of Mathematics for circuit and method according to most preferred embodiment.
Mathematical analysis
Specify phasor and multiplying to carry out by following formula with reference to phasor.
[A
vibSIN(ω
vibt+
vib)][A
refSIN(ω
reft+
ref)]＝
[(A
vib?A
ref/2)COS((ω
vibt+
vib)-(ω
reft+
ref))]-
[(A
vib?A
ref/2)COS((ω
vibt+
vib)+(ω
reft+
ref))]
(formula 1)
If the frequency of two phasors is identical, i.e. ω=ω
Vib=ω
Ref, then formula 1 becomes:
[A
inSIN(ω
vibt+
vib)][A
ref?SIN(ω
reft+
ref)]＝
[(A
vib?A
ref/2)COS(
vib-
ref)]-[(A
vib?A
ref/2)COS(2ωt+
vib+
ref)]
(formula 2)
It is that first bracket exchanges i.e. second bracket of item with one that a DC terms is therefrom arranged as can be seen.DC terms only just appears when the frequency of two phasors is identical.If allow formula 2 when DC component is passed through, eliminate AC compounent, just formula 2 can be reduced to by a low-pass filter:
{ [the A of filtering
VibSIN (ω
VibT+
Vib)] [A
RefSIN (ω
RefT+
Ref)]=
[(A
vib?A
ref/2)COS(
vib-
ref)]
(formula 3)
If select for use a unit phasor as unit phasor, just A
Ref=1, formula 3 can further be reduced to:
{ [the A of filtering
VibSIN (ω
VibT+
Vib)] [A
RefSIN (ω
RefT+
Ref)]=
[(A
vib/2)COS(
vib-
ref)]
(formula 4)
It is necessary to referring to Fig. 6.
Therefrom can determine
COS(
vib-
ref)≡(adjacent/hypotenuse)＝
A
VibTo A
RefOn projection
(formula 5)
Solution formula 5 is asked A
VibTo A
RefOn projection (projection of A
VibOnto A
Ref) value
(A
VibTo A
RefOn projection)=A
VibCOS (
Vib-
Ref)
(formula 6)
Relatively formula 6 and formula 4 are as can be seen:
Filtering { [A
VibSIN (ω
VibT+
Vib)] [A
RefSIN (ω
RefT+
Ref)]=
(A
VibTo A
RefOn projection)/2
(formula 7)
In other words, wave filter output is half of the projection of vibration phasor on the reference phasor.
Therefore, provide a kind of real-time vibration monitoring system according to this most preferred embodiment, it can be fast and measures the amplitude and the angle of vibrations of rotating components phasor exactly.
Although above comprised many concrete details, be understandable that these all are not really want to limit the scope of the invention for explanation.On the basis of scope of the present invention that claims limited and the equivalent on the legal sense thereof, those of ordinary skill in the art is easy to the foregoing description is made various modifications.
Claims (38)
1. the method for monitoring of the vibration phasor in the rotary part may further comprise the steps:
Obtain the amplitude of a kind of vibration in the above-mentioned rotary part;
Obtain the angle of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned angle obtains step and comprises:
Produce the signal of a turn over of an above-mentioned rotary part of representative;
With the increment of counter, till producing above-mentioned signal once more, store first counting of above-mentioned counter and with above-mentioned counter reset;
When obtaining step, above-mentioned amplitude reads and stores second counting of above-mentioned counter; And
Above-mentioned second counting is counted divided by above-mentioned first;
Obtain a quadrature to the reference phasor;
A described quadrature of determining the locking of each comfortable phase place of above-mentioned vibration phasor and above-mentioned rotary part is to the projection on the reference phasor;
With at least one low-pass filter to above-mentioned projection filtering;
Calculate a numerical value, it equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of above-mentioned projection divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude and the angle of above-mentioned vibration phasor respectively.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned amplitude obtains step and comprises that measurement is located near the output of a sensor of above-mentioned rotary part.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that with an oscillator be above-mentioned counter increment.
4. according to the method for claim 3, the frequency that it is characterized in that above-mentioned oscillator approximately is 6.25MHz.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising the DC component of the above-mentioned amplitude of blocking above-mentioned vibration.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising the above-mentioned amplitude of above-mentioned vibration is carried out the A/D conversion.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising more above-mentioned signal and a predetermined threshold value, and produce a logical signal TRUE during greater than above-mentioned predetermined threshold when the amplitude of above-mentioned signal.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that further comprising the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value of modification.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned projection determining step comprises:
Calculate the sine and the cosine value of above-mentioned angle, and respectively it be multiply by the above-mentioned amplitude of above-mentioned vibration.
10. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising the step that above-mentioned angle be multiply by a predetermined number, thereby obtain analysis result a harmonic component of above-mentioned vibration.
11. according to the method for claim 1, the vibration phasor of being measured is the vibration phasor of an axle of rotary part, said method comprising the steps of:
With above-mentioned second the counting divided by above-mentioned first the counting after with the gained result multiply by 360 the degree with obtain the correspondence the shaft angle degree of above-mentioned time;
With the amplitude of the vibration phasor of the above-mentioned axle of representative and the sine and the cosine component with above-mentioned shaft angle degree on duty of angle, thereby obtain a quadrature that above-mentioned vibration phasor locks at its phase place and above-mentioned turning axle respectively to the projection on the reference phasor.
12., it is characterized in that further comprising that with an oscillator be above-mentioned counter increment according to the method for claim 11.
13. according to the method for claim 12, the frequency that it is characterized in that above-mentioned oscillator approximately is 6.25MHz.
14., it is characterized in that further comprising the DC component of the above-mentioned value of the vibration amplitude that blocks the above-mentioned axle of representative according to the method for claim 11.
15., it is characterized in that also comprising the above-mentioned value of representing above-mentioned vibration amplitude carried out the A/D conversion according to the method for claim 11.
16. according to the method for claim 11, it is characterized in that further comprising more above-mentioned signal and a predetermined threshold value, and produce a logical signal TRUE during greater than above-mentioned predetermined threshold when the amplitude of above-mentioned signal.
17., it is characterized in that further comprising the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value of modification according to the method for claim 16.
18., it is characterized in that above-mentioned projection determining step comprises according to the method for claim 11:
Calculate the sine and the cosine value of above-mentioned angle, and respectively it be multiply by the value of amplitude of the vibration phasor of the described axle of above-mentioned expression.
19. according to the method for claim 11, it is characterized in that further comprising the step that above-mentioned shaft angle degree be multiply by a numerical value, thereby realize frequency analysis to above-mentioned vibration phasor.
20. an equipment that is used for measuring a vibration phasor in the rotary part comprises:
Be used for obtaining the device of the transient measurement value of a vibration amplitude in the above-mentioned rotary part;
Be used to obtain the device of orthogonal reference phasor;
The moment of the transient measurement of the above-mentioned vibration amplitude in above-mentioned rotary part obtains the device of the angle of above-mentioned rotary part, the device of above-mentioned acquisition angle comprises: the device of signal that is used for producing a turn over of the above-mentioned rotary part of representative, be used for the increment of counter until above-mentioned rotary part subsequently turn over a turn over and till producing above-mentioned signal once more and the above-mentioned signal storage of response appear at the device of the counting of first in the above-mentioned counter, read and store the device of second counting of above-mentioned counter in the moment of the transient measurement of finishing above-mentioned amplitude, and will be above-mentioned second counting divided by above-mentioned first device of counting;
A quadrature of above-mentioned angle locking that is used for determining each comfortable its phase place of above-mentioned vibration phasor and above-mentioned rotary part is to the device of the projection on the reference phasor;
Above-mentioned projection is carried out the device of low-pass filtering;
Be used for calculating the device of a numerical value, this numerical value equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of projection divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude of above-mentioned vibration phasor and the device of angle respectively.
21. according to the equipment of claim 20, the said apparatus that it is characterized in that being used for obtaining above-mentioned amplitude comprises a vibration transducer.
22., it is characterized in that further being included as the value-added oscillator of above-mentioned counter according to the equipment of claim 20.
23. according to the equipment of claim 22, the frequency that it is characterized in that above-mentioned oscillator approximately is 6.25MHz.
24., it is characterized in that also comprising the device of the DC component of blocking above-mentioned vibration amplitude according to the equipment of claim 20.
25., it is characterized in that also comprising the device that the above-mentioned amplitude of above-mentioned vibration is carried out the A/D conversion according to the equipment of claim 20.
26., it is characterized in that further comprising more above-mentioned signal and predetermined threshold value and produce the device of a logical signal TRUE during greater than above-mentioned predetermined threshold when the amplitude of above-mentioned signal according to the equipment of claim 22.
27., it is characterized in that also comprising the device that is used for revising above-mentioned predetermined threshold value according to the equipment of claim 26.
28. according to the equipment of claim 20, the said apparatus that it is characterized in that being used for determining above-mentioned projection comprises and is used for calculating the sine of above-mentioned angle and the device of cosine value, and is used for respectively above-mentioned sine and cosine value be multiply by the device of the above-mentioned amplitude of above-mentioned vibration.
29., it is characterized in that further comprising being used for device that above-mentioned vibration phasor is carried out frequency analysis according to the equipment of claim 20.
30. the equipment of a vibration phasor in the rotary part that is used for measuring machine comprises:
Be located at a near vibration transducer of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned vibration transducer produces the transient measurement value of the vibration amplitude of above-mentioned rotary part when receiving a reading request;
Be located at a near key sensor of above-mentioned rotary part, above-mentioned key sensor produces a key signals when detecting key relevant with above-mentioned rotary part;
A value-added counter between continuous key signals, and respond each key signals and reset;
Be connected to first register of above-mentioned counter, and storage just appears at first counting before resetting;
Be connected to second register of above-mentioned counter, and store it at above-mentioned reading request second counting constantly;
Connect a divider of the output of above-mentioned first and second registers, and producing above-mentioned second counting and above-mentioned first ratio of counting;
Be connected to first multiplier of above-mentioned divider, and aforementioned proportion be multiply by 360 degree obtain above-mentioned rotary part in above-mentioned reading request angle constantly, and the sine and the cosine generation circuit that are connected to above-mentioned first multiplier, a quadrature of above-mentioned sine and generation of cosine generation circuit and above-mentioned vibration phasor homophase is to phasor; And
Be connected respectively to the second and the 3rd multiplier of the output of the output of above-mentioned sine and cosine generation circuit and above-mentioned vibration transducer, the above-mentioned second and the 3rd multiplier export respectively above-mentioned vibration phasor at above-mentioned quadrature to the projection on the phasor;
Be connected respectively to first and second low-pass filters of the above-mentioned second and the 3rd multiplier output terminal;
Be connected to the device that is used for calculating a numerical value of above-mentioned low-pass filter, this numerical value equal above-mentioned projection square root sum square; And
Be connected to a device on the above-mentioned device that is used for calculating a numerical value, be used for above-mentioned numerical value be multiply by 2 and obtain to equal the arc cosine of the above-mentioned projection of one of them divided by a value of above-mentioned numerical value gained, therefrom determine the amplitude of above-mentioned vibration phasor and at least one of angle respectively.
31., it is characterized in that with an oscillator be above-mentioned counter increment according to the equipment of claim 30.
32. according to the equipment of claim 31, the frequency that it is characterized in that above-mentioned oscillator approximately is 6.25MHz.
33., it is characterized in that also comprising a direct current disable circuit that is connected to above-mentioned vibration transducer according to the equipment of claim 30.
34., it is characterized in that above-mentioned divider and multiplier all are digital according to the equipment of claim 30.
35. equipment according to claim 30, it is characterized in that further comprising with above-mentioned key signals and threshold value a comparer as input, if the amplitude of the above-mentioned output of above-mentioned key sensor is greater than above-mentioned threshold value, the output of above-mentioned comparer is exactly TRUE.
36., it is characterized in that also comprising the device that is used for revising above-mentioned threshold value according to the equipment of claim 35.
37., it is characterized in that further comprising another multiplier that is connected between above-mentioned first multiplier and above-mentioned sine and the cosine generation circuit according to the equipment of claim 30.
38., it is characterized in that further comprising a controller at least one the said apparatus that is connected to the amplitude that is used for determining above-mentioned vibration phasor and angle according to the equipment of claim 30.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/382,623 US6263738B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 1999-08-25 | Vibration phasor monitoring system for rotating members |
| US09/382623 | 1999-08-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1321241A CN1321241A (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| CN1192221C true CN1192221C (en) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=23509773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008017956A Expired - Fee Related CN1192221C (en) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-22 | Vibration phasor monitoring system for rotating members |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6263738B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1123490A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1192221C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6797400A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001014835A1 (en) |
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| US6505143B1 (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2003-01-07 | General Electric Company | Machine protection system for rotating equipment and method |
| US6853934B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2005-02-08 | General Electric Company | System and method for remote data acquisition, monitoring and control |
| WO2003062771A1 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-31 | Spm Instrument Ab | An analysis system |
| US7054761B2 (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2006-05-30 | Spm Instrument Ab | Analysis system for analyzing the condition of a machine |
| US6714880B2 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-03-30 | Entek Ird International Corporation | Multi-alarm monitoring and protection system |
| US6701258B2 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-03-02 | Entek Ird International Corporation | Modular monitoring and protection system with distributed voting logic |
| FR2840358B1 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2006-09-15 | Snecma Moteurs | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING ROTOR DAMAGE OF AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE |
| US6714858B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-03-30 | General Motors Corporation | On road corner dynamic balancing for vehicle wheels |
| US7043376B2 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2006-05-09 | Seagate Technology Llc | Vibration measurement apparatus and method |
| US20050171704A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-04 | Lewis Bradley M. | Method for the automated quantification of power production, resource utilization and wear of turbines |
| US7558686B1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2009-07-07 | Veritium Research LLC | Method and apparatus for displaying a representation of a signal |
| US8744682B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2014-06-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Reducing the effects of vibrations in an electric power steering (EPS) system |
| CN101750198B (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2011-10-05 | 上海宝钢工业检测公司 | Method for measuring corresponding phase positions of vibration signals of different measuring points of rotary machine |
| US9404791B2 (en) | 2009-06-06 | 2016-08-02 | Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. | Lateral, angular and torsional vibration monitoring of rotordynamic systems |
| US8831854B2 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2014-09-09 | Chrysler Group Llc | Active shimmy mitigation |
| US9440674B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2016-09-13 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods, systems and apparatus for steering wheel vibration reduction in electric power steering systems |
| US9266558B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2016-02-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods, systems and apparatus for steering wheel vibration reduction in electric power steering systems |
| US9327762B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2016-05-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electric power steering systems with improved road feel |
| US8736207B2 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2014-05-27 | General Electric Company | Method and system for power conversion |
| CZ2011588A3 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2013-06-12 | Doosan Skoda Power S.R.O. | Method of determining actual eccentricity of a rotating rotor and rotating rotor eccentricity diagnostics |
| CN103076174B (en) * | 2013-01-01 | 2015-10-28 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of bearing fault based on lock-in amplify algorithm and fault degree diagnostic method |
| US9087545B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2015-07-21 | Saegate Technology Llc | Request management for rotating data storage media |
| US9140718B2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-09-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Speed sensor identification |
| CN103674544B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-05-11 | 南通威明精工机械有限公司 | A kind of shaft vibration detector |
| US10677088B2 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2020-06-09 | Nuovo Pignone Technologie Srl | Wireless monitoring system for rotary machines |
| US10712235B2 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2020-07-14 | Energy Recovery, Inc. | System and method for monitoring operating condition in a hydraulic turbocharger |
| CN107462318A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-12 | 深圳市亚泰光电技术有限公司 | The analysis method of vibration measuring system and its vibration signal time domain waveform |
| CN113884286B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-08-16 | 江苏卫生健康职业学院 | Circuit for processing key phase signals in rotary mechanical vibration analysis |
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| US5201224A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-04-13 | Fmc Corporation | Apparatus and method for sensing unbalance force and location through frequency modulation |
| FR2692668B1 (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1995-11-24 | Equip Maintenance Indle Aer | METHOD FOR MONITORING THE OPERATION OF A ROTATING ASSEMBLY SUBJECT TO MANY TRANSIENT RPM. |
| US6098022A (en) | 1997-10-17 | 2000-08-01 | Test Devices, Inc. | Detecting anomalies in rotating components |
-
1999
- 1999-08-25 US US09/382,623 patent/US6263738B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-22 AU AU67974/00A patent/AU6797400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-22 CN CNB008017956A patent/CN1192221C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-22 EP EP00955834A patent/EP1123490A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-22 WO PCT/US2000/023042 patent/WO2001014835A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6797400A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
| EP1123490A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| CN1321241A (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| US6263738B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| WO2001014835A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
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