CN1190606A - High-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invented curvity sorter is a kind of fluid machine for sorting, mud removing, concentrating and dust collecting in the field of metallurgy, mine, petroleum, chemical, building material, electric power and food stuff. It is composed of two portions of curvity sorting tube and flow divider. It can device the mixed fluid into two or more than two grades in accordance with different particle size and densities. The advantages are small size, light weight, high efficient, energy saving, capable of improving the sorting quality and productivity, decreasing wearing strength and prolonging the service life.

Description

High-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device

The present invention be used for classification, desliming in fields such as metallurgy, mine, oil, chemical industry, electric power, building materials, food, concentrate, the fluid machinery in the operation such as dedusting.

One, to having the research of cyclone now

The domestic and international at present hydrocyclone (Fig. 1) that generally uses.It is made up of feeding pipe (1), overflow pipe (2), spin chamber (3), cone (4), sand sediment pipe (5).Feeding pipe (1) be located at spin chamber (3) the barrel edge and and barrel tangent.Overflow pipe (2) is located at the top of spin chamber (3).Cone (4) is located at the bottom of spin chamber (3).The bottom of cone (4) connects sand sediment pipe (5).Except that feeding pipe (1), whole cyclone is to be the revolving body of central shaft with Z-Z.Fluid from feeding pipe (1) with speed V ₁After entering spin chamber (3) along the barrel tangential direction of spin chamber (3), because centrifugal inertial force and gravity reactive fluid will be for the helical movement downwards along barrel.When moving to cone (4), because the effect of awl wall, fluid also will entad move, and moving radius is more and more littler.After moving to sand sediment pipe (5), a part of fluid is drained from sand sediment pipe (5), and remainder can be done the spiral ascending motion from bottom to up under the effect of fluid internal pressure, drains from overflow pipe (2) at last.Therefore during the cyclone steady operation, there are " sinking ", " upwelling " two fluid streams in its inside.The movement velocity V that a bit locates fluid in the cyclone arbitrarily can resolve into tangential velocity V _t, radial velocity V _rWith vertical velocity V _z(Fig. 1), and: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2=V_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r^{}+V_z^2---\left(1\right)$

1, tangential velocity

If the fluid in the cyclone is continuous, incompressible fluid.When the cyclone steady operation, act on all external force on the fluid to the moment of central shaft be zero, otherwise fluid will do to quicken or the deceleration swirling motion, the fact of this and stationary flow is not attached.In cyclone, radius is that the r place appoints and to get positive six micro units (Fig. 2).The radial section of micro unit is long-pending to be ds, and thickness is dr, and the normal pressure on the medial surface is p, and shearing stress is τ, and the normal pressure on the lateral surface is that p+dp, shearing stress are τ+d τ.The application moment of momentum theorem gets:

(τ+dτ)·ds·(r+dr)-τ·ds·r＝0 (2)

Omit high-order trace drd τ, following formula be organized into: $\frac{\mathrm{dr}}{r}+\frac{\mathrm{d\&tau;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}=0---\left(3\right)$

The integration following formula gets: lnr+ln τ=C ₁, that is:

rτ＝C ₂ (4)

Wherein: C ₁---integral constant; C ₂---constant.

Boundary condition with the feeding mouth place: r=r ₁τ=τ ₁(r ₁-spin chamber inside radius; τ ₁Shearing stress between the inwall place ,-spin chamber fluid layer) substitution formula (4) gets: C ₂=r ₁τ ₁So:

R τ=r ₁τ ₁(5) with newton's frictional force formula $\mathrm{\&tau;}=\mathrm{\&mu;}\frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_t}{\mathrm{dr}}$ (viscosity of μ---fluid) substitution following formula gets: $r\&CenterDot;(-\mathrm{\&mu;}\frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_t}{\mathrm{dr}})=r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1$ That is: ${\mathrm{dV}}_t=-\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\&CenterDot;\frac{\mathrm{dr}}{r}---\left(6\right)$ Integration gets: $V_t=-\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}1\mathrm{nr}+C_3---\left(7\right)$

C ₃--integral constant.With the boundary condition at feeding mouth place, r=r ₁, V _t=V _T1=V ₁(V _T1The tangential velocity of-feeding mouth place fluid), the substitution following formula gets: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="C"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_3=V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}1{\mathrm{nr}}_1$ So: $V_t=V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-----\left(8\right)$

By following formula as can be known: in the cyclone, the tangential velocity V of fluid _tReduce and increase with radius r.The radius of sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe is all smaller (to compare r ₁Much smaller), so fluid motion is behind sand sediment pipe, overflow pipe, the tangential velocity of swirling motion is very big.But the radius of fluid swirling motion can not be zero, because when r=0, and V _tBe infinity.This is an impossibility, because external force is limited, limited external force can not be brought up to infinity with the speed of fluid.Therefore must there be one " air column " to exist near the central shaft in the cyclone.This fact is confirmed by experiment.The shape of " air column " is roughly shown in Fig. 1 double dot dash line.

2, radial velocity

Appoint in cyclone that to get a radius be r, height is the imaginary cylindrical shell of the garden cylindricality of h (r is greater than the radius of overflow pipe and sand sediment pipe).The side surface area S=2 π rh of imagination cylindrical shell.Make interior all fluids of cyclone all need enter imaginary cylindrical shell through area S.Drain from overflow pipe and sand sediment pipe respectively through the end face and the bottom surface of imaginary cylindrical shell then.If the volume flow by cyclone is Q, then the radially average speed of fluid is: $V_r=\frac{Q}{S}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;rh}}---\left(9\right)$

V _rBe inversely proportional to radius r, direction is pointed to central shaft.Though average speed is not equal to the true velocity of certain point on the imaginary cylindrical shell side surface that radius is r, it has reflected radial velocity V on the whole _rReduce and the trend that increases with radius r.

3, vertical velocity

During the cyclone steady operation, be " sinking " near barrel edge skin, internal layer is " upwelling ".Because the continuity of fluid must have a vertical velocity V between two fluid streams _z=0 interface is if establish downward V _zFor on the occasion of, V then _zReducing and reduce the V of boundary layer place with r _z=0, V in the boundary layer _zBe negative value (direction upwards).Boundary layer is single-revolution curved surface (returning the resulting curved surface that turns around around the Z-Z axle as the A.B curve among Fig. 1).In cyclone, r is identical, but the vertical velocity of the different position fluid of Z is different, near sand sediment pipe and overflow mouth of pipe place, the vertical velocity maximum of fluid.Vertical velocity is complicated, is difficult to a functional expression it be showed.

4, solid material moves and force analysis in cyclone

If it is d that a diameter is arranged in the cyclone, density is ρ _sThe spherical solid material, the distance of the centre of sphere and central shaft is r, the density of establishing medium fluid is ρ, ρ _s＞ρ.Right when the cyclone steady operation, solid material is subjected to the power of dragging (tractive force) effect of medium fluid to follow medium fluid with the speed that is lower than medium fluid and makes swirling motion.If the tangential velocity of solid material is V _t'. $V_t^{\&prime;}=V_t-V_{\mathrm{tc}}=V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}}---\left(10\right)$ V _Tc---the tangential relative velocity of medium fluid and solid material.The centrifugal inertial force that self produces when solid material is made swirling motion is (Fig. 3): $F=m\frac{V_t^{\&prime;2}}{r}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6r}{(V_l-\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^2---\left(11\right)$ M---the quality of spherical solid material.

Centrifugal inertial force will make solid material make centrifugal motion and be affixed to wall, and the entad motion of medium fluid will impose centripetal thrust force (being active drag) effect to solid material.According to the general resistance formula of hydrodynamics, the suffered centripetal force of material is: $R_r={\mathrm{\&psi;\&rho;d}}^2{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}^2---\left(12\right)$

ψ---medium fluid is to the resistance coefficient of solid material.V _Rc---the radially relative velocity of medium fluid and solid material.

Work as R _rDuring＜F, solid material will be done the centrifugal cyclone motion, be affixed to the wall of cyclone gradually.Material will be in " sinking " layer, discharge from sand sediment pipe at last.Work as R _rDuring＞F, solid material will be made entad swirling motion, and moving radius is more and more littler, and " upwelling " layer is right when entering, and just drains from overflow pipe with upwelling.Work as R _rDuring=F, material radial force balance will be on the specific radius and make swirling motion.This moment material radial velocity V _r'=0, the radially relative velocity of material and medium fluid equals the entad movement velocity of this place, material position medium fluid.That is: $V_{\mathrm{rc}}=V_r=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;rh}}---\left(13\right)$

For Reynolds number R _e＜1, the small particles material of particle diameter d＜0.5 millimeter, the radially resistance formula (12) that medium fluid imposes on the solid material becomes Stokes resistance formula, that is:

R _r＝3πμd?V _rc (14)

The viscosity of μ---fluid.

By R _r=F gets: $3\mathrm{\&pi;\&mu;d}{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s{d}^9}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{to}})}^2$ Put in order with formula (13) substitution following formula: $d=\frac{3}{V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}}}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{\&mu;Q}}{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_{s}h}}---\left(15\right)$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s=\frac{9\mathrm{\&pi;Q}}{{\mathrm{\&pi;hd}}^2(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}---\left(16\right)$

In the formula (15), radius r is considered as variable, d is the function of r.Here it is, and solid particle material is pressed the functional expression that particle diameter distributes in cyclone.Its explanation: the place that the cyclone inside radius is big more, the particle diameter of the solid particle material of distribution is big more.Have only the very little fine of those particle diameters just can enter the less center of radius.

Formula (16) is considered as variable with r, ρ _sIt is the function of r.This is material functional expression by Density Distribution in cyclone, and its explanation: in the cyclone, the density of material is big more, and the radius that it distributed is also big more, the place that r is little, and the density of material is also little.

In vertical, establishing G is the gravity of garden spherical solid material in medium fluid.Then: $G=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-\mathrm{\&rho;})g---\left(17\right)$

G---acceleration of gravity.

G will force solid material to quicken sedimentation in medium.The subsiding movement of material will be subjected to the drag effect of medium fluid.If the resistance that medium fluid makes progress to the solid material vertical is R _z, then: $R_z={\mathrm{\&psi;\&rho;d}}^2{V}_{\mathrm{zc}}^2---\left(18\right)$

V _Zc---medium fluid is to the relative velocity of solid material in vertical.

Follow medium fluid when feeding mouth has just entered the spin chamber when solid material, the decrease speed of material and medium fluid equates.This moment V _Zc=0, R _z=0.Because ρ _s＞ρ, the material gravity G in medium fluid will force material to quicken sedimentation, afterwards, because solid material quickens the result of sedimentation, make V _ZcIncrease R gradually _zAlso increase gradually.Work as R _zDuring=G, material is at the vertical stress balance, this moment material the sinking speed maximum.Maximum settlement speed is:

V _zmax′＝V _z+V _o (19)

V _o---solid material is the final speed during free settling in quiescent atmosphere.

Has only the solid material that those particle diameters are less and density is less, as its suffered radial load R _rEntad swirling motion is behind " upwelling " district for＞F, solid material, and medium fluid is executed thereon, the resistance R that makes progress _zDuring＞G, solid material just becomes the rising swirling motion by the deceleration sedimentation gradually, drains from overflow pipe at last.As seen the overflow product is the motion that overcomes centrifugal inertial force and gravity double action.

5. the wearing and tearing of cyclone

The solid material bigger for particle diameter, that density is bigger is because F＞R _r, so solid material will be close to the wall motion.If it is N that solid material is threaded onto the horizontal force of wall.Then:

N＝F-R _r (20)

With formula (11). (12) substitution following formula gets: $N=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^2-{\mathrm{\&psi;\&rho;d}}^2{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}^2---\left(21\right)$ Because the V of wall place _RcVery little, can omit and disregard, therefore: $N=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{d}^9}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^2---\left(22\right)$

When movement of solid material arrived cone (4), power N can resolve into the normal pressure N perpendicular to the conical surface ₁With the component N that is parallel to the conical surface ₂(Fig. 4).

N ₁＝NCosα $=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="s\; d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}{d}^{}{}^3}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^2\mathrm{Cos\&alpha;}---\left(23\right)$ N ₂＝NSinα $=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="s\; d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">s</figure-callout>}}{d}^{}{}^3}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^2\mathrm{Sin\&alpha;}---\left(24\right)$

The semi-cone angle of α-cone (4).

N ₂Direction make progress along the conical surface.This sedimentation to coarse grain, heavier feeds has certain inhibition α angle big more, and inhibition is strong more.N ₂To the classification of cyclone and the raising of disposal ability all is disadvantageous.

Facts have proved: the normal pressure N that the rate of wear W of cyclone wall position is main and the solid particle material produces this position ₁With the speed of related movement V of solid particle material to this position _c' product be directly proportional.Be inversely proportional to the abrasion resistance e of the object that is worn.Also relevant in addition with factors such as the physics of solid particle material, mechanical performances.Can be represented by the formula the rate of wear. $W=\frac{{\mathrm{KN}}_1{V}_C^{\&prime;}}{e}$ K---the coefficient of waste.It has considered the physics such as size, shape, hardness, mechanical performance of external substance (abrasive material) influence to the rate of wear.The abrasion resistance of e---the object that is worn (mill resistance).

The molecular moiety of formula (25) is a kind of tolerance of external substance (abrasive material) to the abrasiveness power of the object generation that is worn, and is called tear strength.Represent with tee.Then: T=KN ₁V _c' (26)

The material property factor of the tear strength and the object that is worn is irrelevant, and it is the individual physical quantity that characterizes the abrasion power that external substance produced.

At the wall place of cyclone, because the radial velocity V of solid particle material _r', vertical velocity V _z' than tangential velocity V _t' much smaller, therefore if omit V _r', V _z' disregard V then _c' ≈ V _t'.So solid particle material can be expressed as the tear strength that cyclone produces:

T＝KN ₁V _t′ (27)

Get with formula (23), (10) substitution following formula: $T=K\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6r}{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r}-V_{\mathrm{tc}})}^3\mathrm{COS\&alpha;}---\left(28\right)$

As can be seen from the above equation: identical solid particle material different tear strength that the position produced in cyclone is different.Tear strength T becomes the position function of cyclone radius r.In cyclone, the place that radius r is more little, the tear strength that solid particle material produces is big more.The bottom of overflow pipe, cone and the radius of sand sediment pipe are all smaller, so solid particle material is very big to the tear strength that they produce.Formula (28) has been explained overflow pipe, cone bottom, the particularly very fast reason of the sand sediment pipe rate of wear of existing cyclone theoretically.Practice confirm the rate of wear of cyclone sand sediment pipe be the spin chamber tens in addition several one hundred times.For a long time, people directly seek the high-strength abrasion-proof material in research and manufacture the bottom cone of cyclone and the sand sediment pipe parts prolong them with expectation service life.But this does not tackle the problem at its root.Tear strength does not reduce.Wearing and tearing remain very distinct issues to cyclone.Though people's effort has prolonged the service life of a little cyclones, really increased cost and usage charges, this is not the desirable approach of bar.

6, the energy consumption of cyclone

The bernoulli equation that the incompressible real fluid particle of hydrodynamics is done stablize absolute movement be applied in the cyclone must cyclone energy equation be: $H=\frac{P_1}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}+Z_1=\frac{P}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2}{2g}+Z+h_w---\left(29\right)$ H-Unit Weight fluid particle is in cyclone feeding mouth M ₁The total head (gross energy that the Unit Weight fluid particle is consumed when entering cyclone) that point is had.

Z ₁Representation unit weight fluid particle is in M respectively ₁The static energy head that is had during point, dynamic pressure can head and potential energy heads. Z ₁The static energy head that is had when representation unit weight fluid particle moves to M point in optional position in the cyclone respectively, dynamic pressure can and the potential energy head.h _w-fluid particle is from M ₁Point loses to the energy head in the M point process.P ₁, P represents M respectively ₁, M point fluid static pressure.The severe of γ---fluid.

Get with formula (1) substitution (29): $H=\frac{P}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{1}{2g}({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; t"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_t^{}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r^{}+V_z^2)+Z+h_W---\left(30\right)$ Get with formula (8), (9) substitution following formula: $H=\frac{P}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{1}{2g}\&lsqb;{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r})}^2+{\left(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;rh}}\right)}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; z"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_z^{}\&rsqb;+Z+h_w---\left(31\right)$

Cyclone when work, sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe usually all directly and atmosphere communicate.Therefore the static pressure in air column boundary layer, cyclone center approximates atmospheric pressure.If the pressure of atmosphere is Pa, the radius of Z section center air column is r in the cyclone ₃, then use the boundary condition P=Pa of Z kernel of section air column, r=r ₃The substitution following formula gets: $H=\frac{\mathrm{Pa}}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{1}{2g}\&lsqb;{(V_1+\frac{r_1{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_1}{\mathrm{\&mu;}}\ln \frac{r_1}{r_3})}^2+{\left(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}{2\mathrm{\&pi;}{r}_{3}h}\right)}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V\; z"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_z^{}\&rsqb;+Z+h_w---\left(32\right)$

With r in the formula (32) ₃Be considered as variable, H is r ₃Function.Formula (32) illustrates: the Unit Weight fluid particle has the total head H of (or consume) with fluid swirling motion radius r in cyclone ₃Reduce and increase.Therefore, the radius of cyclone sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe is more little, and the radius of center air column is also more little, and the energy that cyclone consumed is also just high more.

7. to the structural analysis of cyclone

As the cone angle of existing hydrocyclone cone (4) all smaller (about about 20 °), so the axial dimension of cyclone is very long, and volume is bigger.Fluid often must rotate tens even tens circles and just can spill out in cyclone.This has not only increased energy consumption, and has aggravated the wearing and tearing of material to cyclone.Existing cyclone exists the basic reason of many problems to be because its structure causes.Its feeding mouth radius r ₁Bigger, and discharging opening---the radius of sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe is all less (to compare r ₁Much smaller), after fluid enters in the cyclone, external force p (hydrostatic pressure) must overcome the centrifugal inertial force work done that fluid self produces and make fluid from the bigger position swirling motion of radius to the less discharging opening of radius, the result of external force work done has increased the kinetic energy of fluid, that is to say the movement velocity that has increased fluid (medium fluid and solid material), V _t, V _r, V _zThree component velocities all have big increment (this fact is confirmed by experiment).This not only makes the mechanical energy of cyclone consumption increase, and V _tIncrease centrifugal inertial force that fluid self is produced become quadratic relationship to increase (seeing formula (11)), make tear strength become cubic relationship to increase (seeing formula (28)).This is quite harmful.In fact the grading of cyclone is mainly finished in the spin chamber.It is outer that sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe are only separated the different products after the classification displacer.The author thinks that the sand sediment pipe of existing cyclone and the central axis that overflow pipe is arranged at cyclone are mistakes.This is the basic reason that there are many problems in existing cyclone.

8, conclusion

By above analysis as can be seen: the unreasonable structure of existing hydrocyclone, the time that fluid moves in cyclone is long, and movement velocity and route are very complicated.It exists the energy consumption height, efficient is low, solid particle material produces in cyclone tear strength is very big, and it is very fast to wear and tear, defectives such as life-span weak point, cost height.

Two, energy-efficient weak wearing and tearing curvature polarity splitter

The present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " provide plant simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight, energy-efficient and can improve the classification quality, reduce tear strength, the novel fluid machinery that increases the service life.

1, structure and operation principle

The present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " is (Fig. 5) that realizes like this.It is dimerous by curvature classification pipe (2) and current divider (9), is body through flange (4), (14) by bolt (5) connection between them.0 is the center of curvature of curvature classification pipe (2).Camber line AB is the axis of curvature classification pipe (2).Cut-off angle coordinate system XOY, X-axis level, Y-axis vertical.After fluid enters curvature classification pipe by the feeding mouth (A) of curvature split pole pipe (2), fluid will move along a curved path along pipeline AB.If density is that the tangential velocity that the medium fluid of ρ is moved along pipeline is V _t, there is particle directly to be d in the medium fluid, density is ρ _s(ρ _s＞ρ) spherical solid material.The tangential velocity of spherical solid material is V _t'.The centrifugal inertial force that self produces when the spherical solid material moves along a curved path is: $F=m\frac{V_t^{\&prime;2}}{r}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6r}{V}_t^{\&prime;2}---\left(33\right)$

M---the quality of spherical solid material.R---the centre of sphere is to the distance (being radius of curvature) of the center of curvature.

If the angle between spherical solid material and the horizontal plane is β.The gravity of spherical solid material in medium is G, then G radially, tangential component is (Fig. 5): $G_1=\mathrm{GSin\&beta;}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-\mathrm{\&rho;})\mathrm{gSin\&beta;}---\left(34\right)$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="G"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">G</figure-callout>}}_2=\mathrm{GCos\&beta;}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-\mathrm{\&rho;})\mathrm{gCos\&beta;}---\left(35\right)$ Radially, the centrifugal force that solid material is subjected to make a concerted effort be: $F^{\&prime;}=F+G_1=\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;\&rho;}}_s{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6r}{V}_t^{\&prime;2}+\frac{{\mathrm{\&pi;<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="d"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^3}{6}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-\mathrm{\&rho;})\mathrm{gSin\&beta;}---\left(36\right)$

The centrifugal F ' that makes a concerted effort will force solid particle material to make centrifugal motion (away from the center of curvature), be affixed to the bigger outside tube wall (15) of radius of curvature gradually.When medium fluid is incompressible fluid, when solid material is made centrifugal motion, will evokes the medium fluid of outer Side Volume equivalent and do entad motion.If solid material radially centrifugal motion speed is V _r'.The entad movement velocity of place, solid material position medium fluid is V _rThen the radially speed of related movement of medium fluid and solid material is: V _Rc=V _r-V _r'.Medium fluid can produce a kind of drag effect to the radial motion of solid material.The resistance size is: $R_r={\mathrm{\&psi;\&rho;d}}^2{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}^2---\left(37\right)$

ψ---medium fluid is to the resistance coefficient of solid material.

As solid material radial force F '＞R _rThe time, material will be made centrifugal motion, be affixed to outside tube wall (15) gradually.As F '＜R _rThe time, solid material will be done entad motion, by outside migration to the inside gradually.As F '=R _rThe time, solid material radial force balance, material will be on a certain specific radius and make garden Zhou Yundong this moment.Make F '=R _r, solve with formula (36), (37) substitution: $d=\frac{6\mathrm{\&psi;\&rho;<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r\; V\; rc"\; filenames="A9611128000231.png,A9611128000251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}^{}{}_2^{}}{\mathrm{\&pi;}\&lsqb;{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s{V}_t^{\&prime;2}-\mathrm{rg}({\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s-\mathrm{\&rho;})\mathrm{Sin\&beta;}\&rsqb;}$ $\left(38\right)$ ${\mathrm{\&rho;}}_s=\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;r}(6\mathrm{\&psi;}{V}_{\mathrm{rc}}^2-\mathrm{\&pi;dSin\&beta;})}{\mathrm{\&pi;d}(V_t^{\&prime;2}+\mathrm{Sin\&beta;})}\text{---}\left(39\right)$

In the formula (38), r is considered as variable, d is the function of r.Formula (38) is exactly the functional expression that the solid particle material distributes along the radius of curvature direction in curvature classification pipe by particle size.Its explanation: in curvature classification pipe, the solid material granularity that the place that radius of curvature is big more distributes is thick more, otherwise then thin more.

Formula (39) is material carries out classification by the density size in curvature classification pipe a functional expression.Its explanation: in curvature classification pipe, the material density that the place that radius of curvature is big more distributes is big more.Otherwise it is then more little.

When the feeding mouth (A) of fluid, with speed V from curvature classification pipe (2) ₁After entering curvature classification pipe, bulky grain and high density material tube wall migration laterally soon also are affixed to outside tube wall (15) gradually, medium fluid is then circuitous in the opposite direction moves, be subjected to the entad drive of moving medium fluid (drag effect), part lightweight, small particles material also can be to the migrations of the inboard of curvature classification pipe.Therefore the first half (the A side of Fig. 5 double dot dash line CD) at curvature classification pipe is the classification stage of material.The radial motion of interior material of this segment limit and medium fluid is relatively fiercer, and the motion of fluid belongs to turbulent condition.At the latter half (the B side of double dot dash line CD) of curvature classification pipe, the classification process of material finishes substantially, and the motion of fluid belongs to laminar condition, and good more the closer to the laminarity of discharging opening fluid, (B) locates at discharging opening, coarse grain, heavy (ρ _sBigger) material is affixed to the outside tube wall (15) of curvature classification pipe fully and has formed has certain thickness (δ ₁) material bed.Near curvature classification pipe inboard, be mostly medium fluid and particulate, light material fluid.

The tangential component G of the gravity G of solid material in medium fluid ₂The velocity attitude of (seeing formula 35) direction and fluid is consistent.It can accelerate the movement velocity of material, helps discharge, can improve the production capacity of equipment.

Current divider (9) is fixed on the discharging opening (B) of curvature classification pipe (2) by bolt (5) through flange (4), (14).Current divider is made up of two stream pipes.Stream pipe near curvature classification pipe inboard is called interior pipe (13), is called outer tube (10) near the stream pipe outside the curvature classification pipe.There is dividing plate (12) separately between interior pipe and the outer tube with two pipes.Coarse grain, heavy high concentration material fluid layer (δ that the feeding mouth of outer tube (10) and curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) outside tube wall (15) are located ₁) link to each other.The feeding mouth of interior pipe (13) and the medium fluid that the inboard tube wall of curvature classification pipe discharging opening (B) (3) is located and particulate, lightweight low concentration material fluid layer (δ ₂) communicate.The laminar flow fluid of dividing plate (12) after with curvature classification pipe (2) classification has been divided into two ranks that granularity, density and concentration are different.Coarse grain after the classification, heavy high concentration material fluid by outer tube (10) through discharging opening J ₁Drain, medium fluid and particulate, lightweight low concentration material fluid through interior pipe (13) from discharging opening J ₂Drain.Therefore the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " can satisfy the requirement of operation aspects such as fields such as metallurgy, mine, oil, chemical industry, building materials, electric power, food are used for classification, desliming, concentrate, dedusting.

2. wear problem

The present invention's's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " curvature classification pipe (2) is compared with existing cyclone, the one section garden arc bend pipe that has been equivalent in the spin chamber longshore current body direction of motion intercepting (or producing).If make the overflow section of curvature classification pipe equal the overflow section of cyclone feeding mouth, the radius of curvature r of curvature classification pipe outside tube wall (15) ₁Equal the radius r of cyclone spin chamber ₁, when then the fluid flow that passes through when them equated, the fluid velocity that curvature classification pipe outside tube wall (15) is located and the fluid velocity at wall place, cyclone spin chamber should equate.If do not consider the influence of gravity, tear strength that same fluid produces curvature classification pipe and the tear strength that the cyclone spin chamber is produced also should equate, but the cone of comparison cyclone, it is much weak that the tear strength that sand sediment pipe and overflow pipe produce is wanted.If with the interior pipe (13) of the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " current divider, outer tube (10) to discharging opening J ₂, J ₁Radius of curvature be designed to greater than r ₁, make tear strength that the material fluid produces current divider less than to curvature classification pipe, the whole wear problem that just fundamentally solved of then the present invention " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device ".This is not to alleviate wearing and tearing from the angle that the material property that improves equipment improves abrasion resistance, improves service life, improves service life but weaken wearing and tearing from the angle that reduces the tear strength that the material fluid produces.This is the present invention's's a " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " key character.

3. energy consumption and efficient

If fluid is V by the speed of the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " feeding mouth (A) ₁, discharging opening J ₁.J ₂Speed also be V ₁(speed there is not increment).Discharging opening J ₁.J ₂Communicate with atmosphere, then the static pressure of fluid inside, discharging opening place equals atmospheric pressure Pa.Fluid by the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " into and out of the bernoulli equation of head piece is: $H^{\&prime;}=\frac{P_1}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}+Z_1=\frac{\mathrm{Pa}}{\mathrm{\&gamma;}}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}\text{+Z+}{h}_w---\left(40\right)$ The speed of passing through the cyclone feeding mouth when fluid also is V ₁The time, comparison expression (40), (32) as can be known: the total head H ' that the Unit Weight fluid particle is consumed by the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " is widely less than the total head H by cyclone consumed.Therefore the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " is more energy-conservation than cyclone, the mechanical efficiency height.Its energy-conservation main performance characteristic is that the static pressure of feeding mouth will be less than the static pressure of cyclone feeding mouth.

Because the present invention's's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " curvature classification pipe (2) is equivalent to that the longshore current body direction of motion has intercepted one section garden arc bend pipe in the spin chamber of cyclone, so it is simple in structure, volume is little, and is in light weight.Moving line and the time of fluid in the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " is all a lot of than weak point in cyclone, so the present invention's's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " energy loss h _wAlso little than cyclone, so it is energy-efficient.

4. conclusion

In sum: the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " compares with existing cyclone to have: simple in structure, volume is little, and is in light weight, energy-efficient and can improve classification quality and production capacity, reduces tear strength, improves advantages such as service life.

Other

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of three products current divider, and it is located radius of curvature direction (Y-axis) with current divider (9) along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) and current divider is divided into (3) three stream pipes of interior pipe (1), middle pipe (2), outer tube and obtains.J ₁, J ₂, J ₃Be three discharging openings of three products current divider.If current divider shown in Figure 6 and the combination of the curvature classification pipe (2) among Fig. 5 have just been obtained three products " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device ".Coarse grain, heavy high concentration material fluid are shunted by discharging opening J through outer tube (3) ₁Drain.Medium fluid and part particulate, light material fluid are shunted by discharging opening J through interior pipe (1) ₃Drain.In pipe (2) shunting will be intermediate products between outer tube and interior pipe.If being located the radius of curvature direction along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B), current divider (9) is divided into " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " that stream pipe more than three just can make product more than three kinds.

The present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " curvature classification pipe (2) is characterized in that: 1. arc angle θ in garden can be an arbitrary value, get 90 °～180 ° preferable; 2. radius of curvature can be a constant, also can change with the θ angle; 3. the overflow section shape can be arbitrarily, is good with the square-section; 4. feeding mouth (A) plane can be arbitrarily in the installation site in space, but with level or vertical the layout better.The feature of current divider (9) is: 1. the shape of feeding mouth must adapt with the discharging opening (B) of curvature classification pipe (2), so that the fluid after its classification can successfully separately be drained; 2. discharging opening J ₁, J ₂Direction can be arranged arbitrarily.

Three, description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the domestic and international at present existing hydrocyclone structural representation of generally using and the speed decomposing schematic representation of cyclone inner fluid.

Accompanying drawing 2 is arbitrary cross section z in the cyclone, the force analysis figure of positive six micro units that radius is got for the r place.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the force analysis figure of solid particle material in cyclone.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the decomposing schematic representation of solid particle material to cyclone barrel active force.

Accompanying drawing 5 is the present invention's's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " structural representation and fundamental diagram.

Accompanying drawing 6 is the structural representation of three products " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " current divider.

In the accompanying drawing 1: the 1-feeding pipe; The 2-overflow pipe; The 3-spin chamber; The 4-cone; The 5-sand sediment pipe; The 6-air column; V _TrBe V _tWith V _rSum velocity.

In the accompanying drawing 5: the 1-flange; 2-curvature classification pipe (parts); The inboard tube wall of 3-; The 4-flanged pipe; The 11-flange; The 12-dividing plate; Pipe in the 13-; The 14-flange; 15-outside tube wall.J ₁Discharging opening for coarse grain, heavy high concentration material fluid; J ₂Discharging opening for medium fluid and part particulate, lightweight low concentration material fluid.

In the accompanying drawing 6: pipe in the 1-; Manage among the 2-; The 3-outer tube; The 4-surge chamber; The 5-surge chamber.J ₁, J ₂, J ₃It is respectively the discharging opening that communicates with outer tube, middle pipe, interior pipe.

Four, most preferred embodiment of the present invention

Accompanying drawing 5 is the present invention's's a " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " most preferred embodiment.It is made up of curvature classification pipe (2), current divider (9) two parts.Between them through flange (4), (14), combine as a whole by bolt (5).Curvature classification pipe (2) is one section garden arc bend pipe, and radius of curvature is a constant, and garden arc angle θ=90 °, overflow section are rectangle.The shape of the discharging opening (B) of the feeding mouth shape of current divider (9) and curvature classification pipe (2) adapts, and also is rectangle.Current divider (9) is located radius of curvature direction (Y-axis) along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) and is divided into outer tube (10), (13) two stream pipes of interior pipe.Coarse grain, heavy high concentration material fluid layer that outer tube (10) and curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening outside tube wall (15) are located join, and medium fluid that the inboard tube wall of interior pipe (13) and curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (3) is located and particulate, lightweight low concentration material fluid join.Therefore the shunting of the outer tube (10) of the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " current divider will be that granularity is thicker, the high concentration material fluid that density is bigger, what interior pipe (13) was shunted will be that medium fluid and granularity are thinner, the low concentration material fluid that density is less.Surge chamber (8) is used to reduce the speed of outer tube (10) inner fluid, to alleviate the impact wear of material to pipeline.Bolt hole on flange (4), (14) is located radius of curvature direction (Y-axis) along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) and is made the long waist shaped hole, can unclamp attachment bolt (5) according to actual needs the whole length direction upper and lower translation along mounting hole of current divider (9) is adjusted, to change the aperture δ of outer tube (10), interior pipe (13) ₁, δ ₂Thereby obtain more gratifying grading effect.

Claims (3)

1. " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " is the fluid machinery in the operations such as fields such as metallurgy, mine, oil, chemical industry, building materials, electric power, food are used for classification, desliming, concentrate, dedusting.It is made up of curvature classification pipe (2) and current divider (9) two parts.Between them through flange (4), (14) by bolt (5) combine as a whole (also can be made into one).It is characterized in that: curvature classification pipe (2) is the pipe of one section bending.It is that the centrifugal inertial force that produces when utilizing particle diameter and the different material of density to move along a curved path reaches the radially different characteristics of resistance, fluid-mixing by curvature classification pipe is varied in size by particle diameter and density carry out classification (layering), make coarse grain, heavier feeds be affixed to the bigger outside tube wall (15) of radius of curvature and locate to form the material bed of certain thickness (δ 1) at discharging opening (B) along the radius of curvature direction; Medium fluid and part particulate, light material then are in the less inboard of radius of curvature.The discharging opening (B) of the feeding mouth of current divider (9) and curvature classification pipe (2) joins.Current divider (9) is located the radius of curvature direction along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) and is divided into two stream pipe-outer tubes (10) and interior pipe (13).Coarse grain, heavy high concentration material fluid layer (δ that outer tube (10) and curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening outside tube wall (15) are located ₁) join medium fluid that the inboard tube wall of interior pipe (13) and curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (3) is located and particulate, lightweight low concentration material fluid layer (δ ₂) join.Therefore the shunting of the outer tube (10) of the present invention's " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " current divider (9) will be the high concentration material fluid that granularity is thick, density is bigger, what interior pipe (13) was shunted will be that medium fluid and part granularity are thinner, the low concentration material fluid that density is less.Connecting flange (4), the bolt hole on (14) between curvature classification pipe (2) and the current divider (9) are located the radius of curvature direction along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) and are made the long waist shaped hole, unclamping attachment bolt (5) can adjust the whole length direction translation along mounting hole of current divider (9), to change the aperture δ of outer tube (10) and interior pipe (13) ₁, δ ₂Thereby, can obtain more gratifying grading effect, to satisfy manufacturing technique requirent.

2. " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the garden arc angle θ of curvature classification pipe (2) can be an arbitrary value; Radius of curvature can be a constant, also can change with the θ angle; The overflow section shape can be arbitrarily.

3. " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device " according to claim 1 is characterized in that: current divider (9) can be located the radius of curvature direction along curvature classification pipe (2) discharging opening (B) current divider is divided into plural stream pipe, thereby makes fecund product " high-effect energy-saving small-wearing curvity sorting device ".The discharging opening direction of current divider can be arranged arbitrarily.

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