CN1189945A - Appts. and method of frame alligning information in a wireless telecommunications system - Google Patents
Appts. and method of frame alligning information in a wireless telecommunications system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1189945A CN1189945A CN96195265A CN96195265A CN1189945A CN 1189945 A CN1189945 A CN 1189945A CN 96195265 A CN96195265 A CN 96195265A CN 96195265 A CN96195265 A CN 96195265A CN 1189945 A CN1189945 A CN 1189945A
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Abstract
A wireless telecommunications systems (1) includes a central terminal (10) for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals to and from a subscriber terminal (20). A downlink communication path is established from a transmitter (200) of the central terminal (10) to a receiver of the subscriber terminal (20). A downlink signal (212), which carrys signal divided into a plurality of frames, is transmitter from the transmitter (200) to the receiver (202) during setup and operation of the wireless telecommunications system (1). The downlink signal (212) includes an overhead channel (224) having a frame alignment signal (232) for each frame. The receiver (202) monitors the downlink signal (212) to identify the frame alignment signal (232) and establishes the downlink communication path when two successive frame alignment signals (232) are identified by the receiver (202).
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of telecommunication system, particularly a kind of in radio telecommunications system the equipment and the method for frame alligning information.
Background of invention
In radio telecommunications system, need set up communication path from starting resource to the source, destination with from source, destination to starting resource.In order to set up these communication paths, information should be able to be read intelligently from starting resource in the source, destination, and starting resource also can read information intelligently from the source, destination.The transmitter in starting resource or source, destination may in phase be launched information, and the receiver of source, destination or starting resource may receive information anti-phasely.In this case, receiver will not know that receiving course which from data flow partly begins.Information is divided framing, and should discern the starting point of each frame for process information suitably.Conventional method for frame alligning information is pretty troublesome, and frame identification is very slow, and may lose several frame informations.Therefore, need to discern the starting point of each information frame rapidly and easily to realize suitable processing.
Brief summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of in radio telecommunications system the equipment and/or the method for frame alligning information, shortcoming and the problem relevant with traditional frame alignment technology can be eliminated or reduce to this equipment and/or method basically.
According to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of in telecommunication system the method for frame alligning information, this method comprises following step:
Transmitter transmitting downstream line signal from central terminal;
Receiver place at user terminal receives down link signal;
The starting point of the frame position in the data flow of identification down link signal;
The continuous starting point of frame position in the data flow of identification down link signal;
Set up a Down-Link Communications path from transmitter to the receiver of user terminal of central terminal, be used in response to the telephone traffic on two starting points reception down link signals in succession of identification frame position.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of system of frame alignment in radio telecommunications system is provided, this system comprises:
Transmitter in the central terminal is used for the transmitting downstream line signal, and down link signal comprises a Frame Aligning Word for each information frame that is carried by down link signal;
Receiver in the user terminal, be used to receive down link signal, two Frame Aligning Words in succession in this receiver identification down link signal, with according to the identification of two Frame Aligning Words in succession, set up a Down-Link Communications path from the transmitter of central terminal to the receiver of user terminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of user terminal of radio telecommunications system is provided, this user terminal comprises:
Receiver, be used to receive down link signal, the down link signal of the information of carrying is divided into a plurality of frames, for each frame in a plurality of frames, down link signal comprises a Frame Aligning Word, Frame Aligning Word is decoded into an additional channel (overhead channel) of down link signal, additional signal is decoded into one of per ten bit positions of down link signal, in order to set up a Down-Link Communications path, by two in succession the Frame Aligning Words of receiver identification from the overhead channel of down link signal.
According to one embodiment of the present of invention, a kind of receiver place that the method for frame alligning information is included in user terminal in radio telecommunications system receives the down link signal by the information of carrying of the transmitter emission of central terminal.From down link signal, identify the starting point of the frame position of an information frame.For guaranteeing frame alignment accurately, the starting point in succession of the frame position of identification information frame in succession.According to one after the other discerning two frame position starting points in succession, set up Down-Link Communications path from the transmitter of central terminal to the receiver of user terminal.
Compare with traditional frame alignment technology, the invention provides many technological merits.For example, a technological merit is the frame position of a starting point accurately discern a to(for) information frame.Another technological merit is the bit position by down link signal progressively, with the starting point of identification frame position.Another technological merit is the additional channel that the Frame Aligning Word of expression frame position starting point is decoded into down link signal.Also has the starting point that technological merit is the frame position of the follow-up information frame of continuous monitoring.Those skilled in the art can understand some other technological merit from following accompanying drawing, specification and claims.
Summary of drawings
Below with reference to accompanying drawings,, in the accompanying drawings, adopt identical mark for identical feature by only describing one embodiment of the present of invention as an example, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the simplified schematic diagram of one of radio telecommunications system example, has comprised an example of the present invention in this system;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of one of user terminal example of the telecommunication system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of one of central terminal example of the telecommunication system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram of modulator-demodulator frame of central terminal of the telecommunication system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the figure of one of frequency scheme example of the telecommunication system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 A and 5B describe the schematic diagram that the sub-district of the telecommunication system of Fig. 1 may structure;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of some aspects of code division multiplex system of describing the telecommunication system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is that the signal of describing the telecommunication system of Fig. 1 is launched the schematic diagram of handling level;
Fig. 8 is that the signal of describing the telecommunication system of Fig. 1 receives the schematic diagram of handling level;
Fig. 9 describes the downgoing line of wireless communication system and the schematic diagram of uplink communication path;
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of describing the structure of the down link signal of being launched by central terminal;
Figure 11 describes the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of user terminal is made phase-adjusted curve chart;
Figure 12 is the curve chart of being estimated by the signal quality that the receiver of user terminal is done;
Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of describing the content of the frame information signal in the down link signal;
Figure 14 is the tabulation figure that describes the additional insertion that the data flow of down link signal is done;
Figure 15 is the tabulation figure of the power control signal in the additional channel of down link signal;
Figure 16 is the tabulation figure of sign indicating number synchronizing signal of the additional channel of down link signal;
Figure 17 is the transmitting power of every kind of operator scheme of radio telecommunications system and the curve chart of emission rate;
Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of operation of describing the Receiver And Transmitter of user terminal.
Detailed description of the present invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of radio telecommunications system.Radio telecommunications system comprises one or more coverages 12,14 and 16, wherein by each central terminal (CT) 10 (it is in relevant zone and set up radio link between the user terminal (ST) 20) each zone is served.The zone that is covered by central terminal 10 can change.For example, in the lower rural areas of user density, coverage 12 can covering radius reaches the zone of 15-20Km.Coverage 14 a possibility covering radius in the urban environment with high density user terminal 20 reach the zone of the 100m order of magnitude.In having the zone, suburbs of intermediate density user terminal, coverage 16 can covering radius reaches the zone of the 1Km order of magnitude.Be interpreted as, can select to meet desired this locality and require or actual user's density, local orographic condition etc., and be not limited to embodiment shown in Figure 1 by the zone that special central terminal 10 covers.In addition, owing to (they are launched influence the distribution of signal) such as Antenna Design consideration, orographic factor, buildings, it needn't and generally not be circular making the overlay area.
Method by link 13,15 and 17 (for example, they engage with public switched telephone network (PSTN) 18) can be connected to each other the central terminal of each coverage 12,14 and 16.Link can comprise the conventional telecommunications technology, its utilization copper cash, optical cable, satellite, microwave etc.
The radio telecommunications system of Fig. 1 is to be provided at the user terminal 20 on the fixed position in the coverage (for example, 12,14,16) and to be used for fixed microwave link between the central terminal 10 of that coverage for the basis.In preferred embodiment, each user terminal 20 is provided with the permanent fixation access link of leading to its central terminal 10.Yet, in another embodiment, can provide visit, thereby the number of users that can serve exceeds the current effectively quantity of telecommunication link based on request.
Fig. 2 illustrates the embodiment of the structure of the user terminal 20 that is used for Fig. 1 telecommunication system.Fig. 2 comprises schematically illustrating of user house 22.User radio electric unit (CRU) 24 is installed on the user house.User radio electric unit 24 comprises plate aerial etc. 23.Be installed in the user radio electric unit on the user house or the position on montant, and with this direction, thereby the plate aerial in user radio electric unit 24 23 is in the face of wherein being provided with the direction 26 of the coverage central terminal 10 of user radio electric unit 24.
By drop wire 28, user radio electric unit 24 is linked to each other with power subsystem (PSU) in the user house.With power subsystem 30 be used for providing the local power supply of power supply to link to each other with network temination unit (NTU) 32 to user radio electric unit 24.By power subsystem 30, user radio electric unit 24 is linked to each other with network temination unit 32, and it links to each other with telecommunication apparatus (for example, one or more telephone sets 34, facsimile machine 36 and computer 38) in the user house.Shown in telecommunication apparatus be positioned at the unique user house.Yet, situation not necessarily like this because user terminal 20 preferably supports single or the double joint line, thereby unique user terminal 20 can be supported two subscriber lines.Can also arrange user terminal 20 to support analog-and digital-telecommunications, for example, 16,32 or the analog communication of 64Kbits/sec or according to the digital communication of ISDN BRA standard.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of embodiment of the central terminal of Fig. 1 telecommunication system.Common equipment frame 40 comprises a plurality of equipment frames 42,44,46, and they are RF synthesizer and power amplifier frame (RFC) 42, power bay (PS) 44 and a plurality of (having four in this embodiment) modulator-demodulator frame (MS) 46.RF synthesizer frame 42 makes four modulator-demodulator frame 46 parallel work-flows.It is synthetic and amplify four power that transmit (each signal is from each modulator-demodulator frame in four modulator-demodulator framves), and amplifies and four paths of signal that shunting receives, thereby the signal that separates can pass through each modulator-demodulator frame.Power bay 44 links to each other with local power supply and provides fuse for each parts in the common equipment frame 40.Expansion between the two-way RF of being connected synthesizer frame 42 and the main central terminal antenna 52 (generally being mounted in the omnidirectional antenna on the central terminal bar 50).
By the point-to-point microwave link, the central terminal 10 of this embodiment is linked the position that forms public switched telephone network 18 interfaces (as shown in Figure 1).As mentioned above, can use the connection (for example, copper cash or optical cable) of other type that central terminal 10 and public switched telephone network 18 are linked.In this embodiment, by line 47, the modulator-demodulator frame is linked to each other with microwave terminal (MT) 48.Microwave link 49 extends to the point-to-point microwave antenna 54 that is installed on the bar 50 from microwave terminal 48, to be connected with public switched telephone network 18 main frames.
PC, work station etc. can be used as site controller (SC) 56 in order to support central terminal 10.Site controller 56 can be linked to each other with each modulator-demodulator frame of central terminal 10 (for example, connecting 55) by RS232.Then, site controller 56 can provide support function (such as, the location of fault, warning and state, and the formation of central terminal 10).Though available a plurality of sites controller 56 forms network to support a plurality of central terminals 10, the single central terminal 10 of site controller 56 general supports.
Connect 55 another kind of form as the RS232 that extends to site controller 56, availablely connect (such as, link 57 (in Fig. 3, representing) X.25) from extender 228 to the data that the switching node 60 of unit manager (EM) 58 provides and replace with dash line.Unit manager 58 can be supported a plurality of distributed central terminals 10, is linked to each other with switching node 60 by distributed central terminal 10 shown in each connection handle.Unit manager 58 can be incorporated supervising the network to possible a large amount of central terminals 10 (for example, greatly to more than 1000 or 1000) into.Unit manager 58 be based upon powerful work station 62 around, and can comprise that a plurality of terminals 64 use for network engineers and control personnel.
Fig. 3 A illustrates the various piece of modulator-demodulator frame 46.Emission/reception RF unit (RFU-for example realizes on the plug-in unit in the modulator-demodulator frame) 66 is created on the modulated transmitting RF signal of middle power level, and recovers and amplify the base band RF signal that user terminal is used.RF unit 66 68 links to each other with simulation plug-in unit (AN), and described simulation plug-in unit carries out A-D/D-A conversion, baseband filtering and vector for transmitting from 15 of modulator-demodulator frame plug-in unit (MC) 70 and sues for peace.Analogue unit 68 links to each other with a plurality of (generally being 1-8) modulator-demodulator plug-in unit 70.The modulator-demodulator plug-in unit carries out base band signal process for the signal that is transmitted into or accepts from user terminal 20.This comprises and carries out 1/2 speed convolutional encoding for transmitting and with CDMA sign indicating number x16 expansion, and recovers, goes expansion and error correction synchronously for received signal.Each modulator-demodulator plug-in unit 70 in the present embodiment has two modulator-demodulators, and a user link (or two links) of user terminal 20 is led in each modulator-demodulator plug-in unit support.Then, each plug-in unit has two modulator-demodulators, and each modulator-demodulator frame has 8 modulator-demodulators, and each modulator-demodulator frame can be supported 16 possible user link.Yet, in order to contain redundancy, thereby when breaking down, in user's link, can substitute the modulator-demodulator frame, a modulator-demodulator frame 46 is preferably supported 15 user link.So, with the 16th modulator-demodulator plug-in unit as spare unit, can be when breaking down for one in other 15 modulator-demodulator framves with its place in circuit.Modulator-demodulator plug-in unit 70 links to each other with branch units (TU) 74, described branch units (for example terminates at line on the main frame of public switched telephone network 18, by the single line in the line 47), and the signaling of the phone information of 15 user terminals (by 15 modulator-demodulators separately in 16 modulator-demodulators) is led in processing at the most.
Aerogram between central terminal 10 and user terminal 20 can be operated under each frequency.Fig. 4 illustrates an example of available frequencies.In the present embodiment, radio telecommunications system trends towards operating in the 1.5-2.5GHz bandwidth.Particularly, present embodiment trends towards by F.701 (2025-2110MHz, the 2200-2290MHz) operation in the predetermined bandwidth of ITU-R (CCIR) standard.Fig. 4 illustrates the frequency that is used for from user terminal 20 to central terminal 10 uplink and is used for from central terminal 10 to user terminal 20 downgoing line.It should be noted that 12 uplink and 12 downgoing line radio channels (frequency of each channel is 3.5MHz) are the center with 2155MHz.Interval between receive channel and send channel surpasses required minimum interval 70MHz.
In the present embodiment, as mentioned above, each modulator-demodulator frame is supported a frequency channels (that is, a uplink frequency adds the corresponding downstream line frequency).As to be described later, can support 15 user link at most on a frequency channels, like this, in the present embodiment, each central terminal 10 can be supported 60 links, or 120 lines.
Generally speaking, the radio traffic extends in the zone that is covered by near central terminal 10 from specific central terminal 10.For fear of the interference problem that (perhaps reducing at least) caused by neighboring region, 10 utilizations of any central terminal that provides limit the usable frequency of quantity.
Fig. 5 A illustrates a kind of cellular layout of frequency, to slow down the interference problem between adjacent central terminal 10.In the layout shown in Fig. 5 A, the hacures of sub-district 76 are represented the frequency configuration of sub-district (FS).By selecting three frequency configurations (for example, wherein: FS1=F1, F4, F7, F10; FS2=F2, F5, F8, F11; FS3=F3, F6, F9, F12), and do following arrangement, that is, the frequency configuration that abutting subdistrict need not be identical (for example, referring to the layout shown in Fig. 5 A) can provide the array of the omni cell of fixedly appointment, and it can avoid the interference between the adjacent cell.Set the transmitter power of each central terminal 10, thereby emission is no more than the nearest sub-district of utilization same frequency.Then, central terminal 10 can be used in four frequencies in its sub-district to (being respectively applied for uplink and downgoing line), links to each other at each modulator-demodulator frame and each RF channel of central terminal 10 (channel frequency to).
Because each modulator-demodulator frame is supported a channel frequency (and each channel frequency is connected with 15 root user links) and four modulator-demodulator framves, so each central terminal 10 is supported 60 root user links (that is 120 lines).Thereby 10 cell layout supports of Fig. 5 A reach 600 isdn links or 1200 artificial lines.Fig. 5 B illustrates cellular layout, and it adopts sectored cell to slow down the problem between the adjacent central terminal 10.Compare with Fig. 5 A, dissimilar hacures are represented different frequency configurations among Fig. 5 B.Shown in Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B represents that three frequency configurations (for example, wherein: FS1=F1, F4, F7, F10; FS2=F2, F5, F8, F11; FS3=F3, F6, F9, F12).Yet, in Fig. 5 B, by utilization subregion central terminal (SCT) 13 (it comprises three central terminals 10, and each sector S1, S2 and S3 have a central terminal, and suitably sector is all directly pointed in S1, S2 and S3 in the emission of each in three central terminals 10) to branch sector, sub-district.This makes the number of users of each sub-district increase by three times, still provides permanent fixedly visit each user terminal 20 simultaneously.
Use seven sub-district repeat patterns, thereby for the sub-district of under given frequency, operating, all available unique PN sign indicating number of all six adjacent cells of operation under same frequency.This prevents that adjacent cell from deciphering data once in a while.
As mentioned above, each channel frequency can be supported 15 user link.In the present embodiment, the signal by multiple connection utilization code division multiple access (CDMA) technology can obtain above-mentioned effect.Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram of CDMA coding and decoding.
For CDMA signal, baseband signal are encoded, for example, the subscriber signal on every root user link is encoded into 160k code element/second baseband signal at the 80-80N place, wherein each code element is represented 2 data bit (referring to, the signal shown in 81).Then, expand these signals, the signal that has effective subcode rate of 2.56M code element/second under the 3.5MHz frequency with generation by each Walsh pseudo noise (PN) sign indicating number expanded function of utilization 82-82N with factor 16.Then, the signal on synthetic each user link and convert it to radio frequency (RF) to produce in order to a plurality of subscriber channel signals (for example, 85) from transmitting antenna 86 emissions.
During launching, transmit through interference source 88, it comprises external disturbance 89 and from the interference 90 of other channel.Correspondingly, when reception antenna 91 received the CDMA signal, a plurality of subscriber channel distorted signals were as shown in 93.
For the signal that is used for given user link from a plurality of subscriber channels that receive is deciphered, identical pseudo noise (PN) sign indicating number (it is used for each user link signal is encoded) of Walsh correlator 94-94N utilization is used for the signal (for example, 95 shown in) of each baseband signal 96-96N that receives with extraction.It should be noted that the signal that receives comprises some residual noises.Yet utilization low pass filter and signal processing can filter undesired noise.
The key of CDMA is the application of orthogonal code, and its makes at one time launches under same frequency and receive a plurality of subscriber signals.In case utilization Walsh sign indicating number quadrature is isolated bit stream, the signal on each user link just can not interfere with each other.
The Walsh sign indicating number is one group of mathematical sequence with " orthogonalization " function.In other words, if multiply by any Walsh sign indicating number by other any Walsh sign indicating number, the result will be zero so.
Fig. 7 be explanation as the user terminal of the communication system of Fig. 1 in the schematic diagram handled grade of the signal emission of constructing.Also making structure at central terminal handles to carry out signal emission of equal value.In Fig. 7, make from one of a pair of telephone set analog signal deliver to morbid sound treatment circuit 104 through two-wire interface 102, and then encoded decoder 106 generations one digital signal, at 108 places the additional channel that comprises control information is inserted this digital signal.By before the expander 116, handle the signal that obtains by convolution coder 110, by RW code generator 112 and PN code generator 114 Rademacher-Walsh sign indicating number and PN sign indicating number are added to expander 116 respectively.The signal that makes acquisition is by D-A converter 118.D-A converter 118 makes numeral sample be configured as analog waveform, and the base band power controlled stage is provided.Make signal modulated in modulator 122 then by low pass filter 120 backs.Modulated signal and the signal mixing that is produced by voltage controlled oscillator 126 from modulator 122,126 pairs of synthesizers 160 of this voltage controlled oscillator are reacted.The output of frequency mixer 128 was amplified in low noise amplifier 130 before passing through band pass filter 132.The output of band pass filter 132 was further amplified in another low noise amplifier 134 before leading to power control circuit.The output that makes power control circuit is launched from transmitting antenna 142 then by further amplifying in another low noise amplifier 138 before another band pass filter 140.
Fig. 8 be explanation as the user terminal of the communication system of Fig. 1 in the signal of constructing receive the schematic diagram of handling grade.Also make structure and receive processing to carry out signal of equal value at central terminal.In Fig. 8, make the signal that receives at reception antenna 150 places in low noise amplifier 154, be exaggerated before by band pass filter 152.The output that makes amplifier 154 then can 156 by another band pass filter before being amplified by another low noise amplifier 158.Make the output of amplifier 158 lead to frequency mixer 164 then, this output and the signal mixing that is produced by voltage controlled oscillator 162,162 pairs of synthesizers 160 of this voltage controlled oscillator are reacted there.Make the output of frequency mixer before leading to analog-digital converter 170, pass through demodulator 166 and low pass filter 168 then.Make the numeral output of A/D converter 170 lead to correlator 178 then, be applied to this correlator 187 by RW code generator 172 (corresponding to RW code generator 112) and PN code generator 174 (corresponding to PN code generator 114) the identical Rademacher-Walsh sign indicating number and the PN sign indicating number of use with emission the time respectively.The output of correlator is applied to Viterbi decoder 180.Then additional extractor 182 is delivered in the output of Viterbi decoder 180, be used to extract additional channel information.To two-wire interface 190, the analog signal that obtains is led to telephone set 192 through selecting at this interface by coder-decoder 184 and hybrid circuit 188 in the output that makes additional extractor 182 then.
At user terminal 20 places, the place comprises the automatic gain controlled stage in the IF level.Draw control signal from the numerical portion of cdma receiver with the output of signal quality estimator (below will describe).
Fig. 9 is the downgoing line between central terminal 10 and the user terminal 20 and the block diagram of uplink communication path.Set up a Down-Link Communications path from the transmitter 200 of central terminal 10 to the receiver 202 of user terminal 20.Set up a uplink communication path from the transmitter 204 of user terminal 20 to the receiver 206 of central terminal 10.In case in radio telecommunications system 1, set up downgoing line and uplink communication path, just can between a user of down link signal 212 and uplink signal 214 services, carry out telephone communication first user 208 of user terminal 20 or second user 210 and by central terminal 10.Down link signal 212 is received by the receiver 202 of user terminal 20 by transmitter 200 emissions of central terminal 10.Uplink signal 214 is received by the receiver 206 of central terminal 10 by transmitter 204 emissions of user terminal 20.Down link signal 212 and uplink signal 214 are launched as the CDMA spread spectrum signal.
By each receiver 202 operation of each user terminal 20 of single central terminal 10 services as the identical of central terminal 10 but the Pseudo-Random Noise Code that departs from.Each modulator-demodulator frame 46 in the central terminal 10 is supported a radio-frequency channel and 15 user terminals 20, and each user terminal has first user 208 and second user 210.Each modulator-demodulator frame 46 is selected one of 16 Rademacher-Walsh coded signals 222, and each Rademacher-Walsh coded signal 222 is corresponding to a unique user terminal 20.So specific user terminal 20 will have the identical coded sequence signal 218 of the down link signal 212 that a conduct propagates by central terminal 10 emissions and to specific user terminal 20.
Receiver 202 places at user terminal 20 receive down link signal 212.Receiver 202 is made comparisons its phase place and coded sequence and phase place and coded sequence in the coded sequence signal 216 of down link signal 212.Think that central terminal has the primary key sequence, and think that user terminal has subordinate sign indicating number sequence.Receiver is progressively regulated the phase place of its subordinate sign indicating number sequence with the coupling of identification with the primary key sequence, and makes the receiver 202 of user terminal 20 and transmitter 200 homophases of central terminal 10.Because the path delay between central terminal 10 and the user terminal 20, the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of receiver 202 and the primary key sequence of transmitter 200 and central terminal 10 are not initial synchronously.Caused by the geographical separation between user terminal 20 and the central terminal 10 and other environment and technical factors that influence wireless radio transmission this path delay.
The receiver 202 that Figure 11 describes user terminal 20 how adjuster subordinate sign indicating number sequence is complementary with the primary key sequence with the transmitter 200 of central terminal 10.Receiver 202 increases progressively the phase place of subordinate sign indicating number sequence in the whole length of the primary key sequence of down link signal 212, and determines the signal quality estimated value by the measurement of each increment variation of subordinate sign indicating number sequence phase being carried out the combined power of subordinate sign indicating number sequence and primary key sequence.According to the subcode cycle of 2.56 megahertzes, the length of primary key sequence is about 100 microseconds.During acquisition phase,, regulate the phase place of subordinate sign indicating number sequence with half subcode cycle for each incremental spacing.When receiver 202 identified a correlation peak (reaching a maximum in this place's combined power), receiver 202 had been finished first and has been caught transmission.Receiver 202 carries out second and catches transmission to confirm at the correlation peak place the peaked identification of combined power in whole sign indicating number sequence length.When identification correlation peak location in acquisition mode, determine that the approximate path between user terminal 20 and the central terminal 10 postpones.
In case 202 places finish catching of down link signal at receiver, just carry out from the fine setting of sign indicating number sequence phase, in tracing mode, to keep the phase matched of subordinate sign indicating number sequence and primary key sequence.Fine setting is to change by the increment of the phase place of subordinate sign indicating number sequence being done ten a sixths subcode cycle to carry out.Measure in response to the combined power that receiver 202 is done, fine setting can be carried out along forward direction (just) or reverse (bearing).Receiver 202 monitors the primary key sequence continuously, and is synchronous to guarantee for Down-Link Communications path user terminal 20 and central terminal 10.
The combined power curve chart that Figure 12 is recorded by receiver 202 during acquisition mode and tracing mode.The maximum that occurs combined power at correlation peak 219 places of combined power curve.Be noted that not image pattern 12 such sharp outlines of peak value 219, and that its top may become is smooth, more as a flat-top.This is subordinate sign indicating number sequence and the primary key sequence homophase of transmitter 200 and the point of coupling of receiver 202.Cause the measurement requirement of combined power value (it is departing from the appearance of peak value 219 places, pass) that subordinate sign indicating number sequence is made incremental adjustments.Set up a fine setting window between correlator point 221 and the slow correlator point 223 in morning.Morning correlator point 221 and late correlator put 223 places and make average power and measure.Since early correlator point 221 and late correlator point 223 be separated by a subcode cycle, the difference of the average power of correlator point 221 and slow correlator point 223 produces an error signal according to calculating early, controls fine setting to the subordinate code phase with this error signal.
For setting up the Down-Link Communications path, behind central terminal 10 primary key sequence capturings and initial tracking to the coded sequence signal in the down link signal 212 216, receiver 202 enters the frame alignment pattern.Frame information in the frame information signal 218 of receiver 202 analysis down link signals 212 is with the starting point for down link signal 212 identification frame position.
Because receiver 202 does not know that its that place in the data flow of down link signal 212 receives information, therefore in order to handle the information that receives from the transmitter 200 of central terminal 10, the starting points of receiver 202 necessary searching frame position.In case receiver 202 identifies the starting point of another frame position, just set up Down-Link Communications path from the transmitter 200 of central terminal 10 to the receiver 202 of user terminal 20.
Figure 13 illustrates the general content of frame information signal 218.For each information frame that transmits through down link signal 212, frame information signal 218 comprises additional channel 224, first subscriber channel 226, second subscriber channel 228 and signaling channel 230.Additional channel 224 carries the control signal that is used to set up and keep downgoing line and uplink communication path.First subscriber channel 226 is used to transmit traffic information to the first user 208.Second subscriber channel 228 is used to transmit traffic information to the second user 210.Signaling channel 230 provides the running of signaling information with supervisory user terminal 20 call functions.In an information frame, additional channel 224 occupies 16 kilobits per seconds, and first subscriber channel 226 occupies 64 kilobits per seconds, and second subscriber channel 228 occupies 64 kilobits per seconds, and signaling channel 230 occupies 16 kilobits per seconds.
Figure 14 illustrates the data flow of how additional channel 224 being inserted down link signals 212.The data flow of down link signal 212 is divided into 20 bit subframes.Each 20 bit subframe has two ten bit section.First ten bit section comprises an added bit, a signaling bit and eight user's bits.Second ten bit section comprises an added bit, a signaling bit and eight second user's bits.In whole four milliseconds of information frames, repeat this 20 bit sub-frame formats.Like this, in the data flow of down link signal 212, frame information is just occupied by an added bit every ten bit positions.
In order to discern the starting point of two frame position in succession, the receiver 202 of user terminal 20 is searched for ten possible bit positions of additional channel 224 and Frame Aligning Word 232 in the data flow of down link signal 212.Originally receiver 202 extracts first bit position to each ten bit section of frame information, to determine whether capturing additional channel 224.If begin not identify Frame Aligning Word 232 yet at interval through one section preset time from extracting first bit position, receiver 202 will repeat this process to second bit position and the bit position thereafter of each ten bit section, until identifying Frame Aligning Word 232.The example of the Frame Aligning Word 232 that receiver 202 is sought is Binary Zeros 0010111.In case correct bit position produces Frame Aligning Word 232, receiver 202 just wants to discern the starting point of two frame position in succession.In case in response in the data flow of down link signal 212 in succession Frame Aligning Word 232 identification and after successfully identifying the starting point of two frame position in succession, just set up a Down-Link Communications path.
For follow-up information frame is discerned follow-up Frame Aligning Word 232, the bit position that receiver 202 continuous monitorings are suitable.If receiver 202 can't identify Frame Aligning Word 232 to three frames in succession, then receiver will be back to search procedure, and through each bit position of ten bit section circulation, until by identifying two Frame Aligning Words 232 in succession, identify two of frame position in succession starting point and rebulid frame alignment.The variation in the path delay between central terminal 10 and the user terminal 20 may cause can't discern three Frame Aligning Words 232 in succession.Interrupting transmitter 200 from central terminal 10 to the Down-Link Communications path of the receiver 202 of user terminal 20, receiver 202 will be back to search procedure.
By suitable sign indicating number sequence phase synchronously and after frame alignment sets up from central terminal 10 to user terminal 20 Down-Link Communications path, radio telecommunications system 1 is finished from the transmitter 204 in the user terminal 20 to central terminal the step of the uplink communication path of 10 interior receivers 206.At first, transmitter 204 outage is up to setting up the Down-Link Communications path, disturbs communicating by letter of central terminal and other user terminal to prevent transmitter.After setting up the Down-Link Communications path,, be the transmission power setting of transmitter 204 minimum value according to via the order of the power control channel 236 of additional channel 224 from central terminal CT.Power control signal 236 controls transmitter the amount of 204 transmitting powers that produce, thereby central terminal 10 receives the transmitting power with approximate identical value of each user terminal 20 of being served from central terminal 10.
On down link signal 212, by transmitter 200 transmitting power control signal 236 in the additional channel 224 of frame information signal 218 of central terminal 10.The receiver 202 of user terminal 20 receives down link signal 212, and therefrom extracts power control signal 236.Power control signal 236 is provided for the transmitter 204 of user terminal 20, and the transmitting power of transmitter 204 is carried out incremental adjustments.Central terminal 10 continues the transmitting power of transmitter 204 is carried out incremental adjustments, in transmitting power drops on receiver 206 determined required threshold ranges.At first, transmitting power is regulated, in transmitting power drops on required threshold range with coarse mode with one decibel of increment.When connecting transmitter 204, by incremental adjustments, make the intensity of transmitting power progressively tilt to raise, to prevent to disturb communicating by letter of central terminal and other user terminal.
Figure 15 illustrates an example decoding scheme of power control signal 236.After the transmitting power of transmitter 204 reaches required threshold range in user terminal 20, the variation in path delay etc. between any variation that obtains for power fluctuation and central terminal 10 and the user terminal 20, the receivers 206 in the central terminal 10 continue the amount of monitoring from the transmitting power of transmitter 204.If transmitting power is fallen and is lower than or exceeds required threshold range, then central terminal 10 will be launched appropriate control signals 236, to increase or to reduce the transmitting power of transmitter 204 as required.At this point, the fine tuning pattern that can have 0.1 decibel of increment is regulated, so that transmitting power is returned required threshold range.When downgoing line or the interruption of uplink communication path, central terminal 10 can come command transmitter 204 to return previous transmission power level, so that rebulid suitable communication path by recovering to be stored in the parameter in user terminal 20 built-in storagies.
In order intactly to set up from user terminal 20 to central terminal 10 uplink communication path, the transmitters 204 in the user terminal 20 should be synchronous with the receiver 206 in the central terminal 10.Sign indicating number synchronizing signals 234 in the additional channel 224 of central terminal 10 by frame information signal 218 control transmitter 204 synchronous.The phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of sign indicating number synchronizing signal 234 pairs of transmitters 204 is carried out incremental adjustments, makes it to be complementary with the phase place of the primary key sequence of receiver 206.To carry out the synchronous of transmitter 204 with the synchronous substantially the same mode of receiver 202.
On down link signal 212, the transmitter 200 of central terminal 10 is transmitter code synchronizing signal 234 on the additional channel 224 of frame information signal 218.The receiver 202 of user terminal 20 receives down link signal 212, and therefrom extracts sign indicating number synchronizing signal 234.Sign indicating number synchronizing signal 234 is provided for transmitter 204, carries out incremental adjustments with the phase place to the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204.Central terminal 10 continues the phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 is continued incremental adjustments, up to receiver 206 confirmation code and phase matched between the primary key sequence of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 and central terminal 10.
When definite phase place and sign indicating number coupling, the synchronous execution of 206 pairs of transmitters 204 of receiver and the locking phase of receiver 202 power measurement technology together.At first, the phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 is regulated, confirm the maximum power position of combined power of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of primary key sequences and transmitter 204 up to receiver 206 with coarse mode with subcode rate increment 1/2nd.
Figure 16 illustrates an example decoding scheme of yard synchronizing signal 234.After the phase place and sign indicating number coupling of identification and checking subordinate sign indicating number sequence and primary key sequence, the phase change of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of the transmitter 204 that obtains for the path delay between central terminal 10 and the user terminal 20 changes, receiver 206 continues monitoring uplink signal 214.Further regulate the phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 if desired, then central terminal 10 will be launched suitably sign indicating number synchronizing signal 234, to increase or to reduce the phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 as required.At this point, can have the fine tuning pattern of subcode rate increment ten sixths, the phase place of the subordinate sign indicating number sequence of transmitter 204 is regulated.Have no progeny in downgoing line or uplink, central terminal 10 can come command transmitter 204 to return previous subordinate sign indicating number sequence phase value, so that rebulid suitable communication path by recovering to be stored in the parameter in user terminal 20 built-in storagies.
Can be the transmission power setting that is used for down link signal 212 and uplink signal 214 0 decibel of specified high power value or reduce-12 decibels low-power value.The emission rate of down link signal 212 and uplink signal 214 can be set at the low rate of 10 kilobits per seconds or the two-forty of 160 kilobits per seconds.When switching to the two-forty of 160 kilobits per seconds, the user expands call volume and additional information, thereby an information code element can cause launching 16 subcodes.16 subcodes are correlated with, thereby produce 12 decibels processing gain.When switching to the low rate of 10 kilobits per seconds, only expand additional information, thereby an additional code element causes launching 256 subcodes.256 subcodes are correlated with, thereby produce 24 decibels processing gain.
Figure 17 illustrates transmitting power and the emission rate that is used for three kinds of system operation modes.In energized or when losing downgoing line or uplink communication path, radio telecommunications system 1 enters acquisition mode.In acquisition mode, the transmitting power of downgoing line and uplink transmitter and correlator processing gain are increased to maximum.Like this signal to noise ratio of correlator output place is increased to maximum, thereby increases the amplitude of correlation peak 219, to be more conducive to discern and reduce the danger of error capture.Owing in acquisition mode, only need additional information, so emission rate is in the low rate value of 10 kilobits per seconds.
When obtaining downgoing line and uplink communication path, radio telecommunications system 1 enters run-up mode.In run-up mode, the transmitting power of downgoing line and uplink transmitter is reduced 12 decibels.Transmitting power reduce to reduce interference to other user terminal, and still keep synchronously.Emission rate remain on the low rate value allow on the additional channel 224 between central terminal 10 and user terminal 20 exchange of control information.
Input or output when calling out when detecting, launch a message from initial terminal to the purpose terminal, this message represents need be used to launch the downgoing line and the uplink communication path of user's communication information.At this place, radio telecommunications system 1 enters call mode.In call mode, the transmitting power of downgoing line and uplink communication path all is increased to high power value, and its emission rate also is increased to the two-forty value of 160 kilobits per seconds, so that the information transmission between the initial sum purpose terminal.When detecting the calling termination, launch a message from terminating terminal to other terminal, this message no longer need to represent downgoing line and uplink communication path.At this place, radio telecommunications system 1 reenters run-up mode.All synchronous and frame alignment tracking of actuating code in run-up mode and call mode.
Figure 18 is the more detailed block diagram of user terminal 20 inner receivers 202 and transmitter 204.Receiver 202 receives down link signal 212 at RF receiving interface 250 places.RF receiving interface 250 is separated into I and Q signal component to spread spectrum signal.RF receiving interface 250 carries out bandpass filtering to each I and Q signal component, and this is to be undertaken by removing half part of the approximate bandwidth (3.5 megahertz) that exceeds receiver 202.250 couples of I of RF receiving interface and Q signal component carry out low-pass filtering, to stop image frequency and to prevent signal aliasing (aliasing).I and Q signal component simulated-and digital quantizer 252 places number format.The sample frequency of analogue-to-digital converters 252 is four times or 10.24 megahertzes in subcode cycle, and it has the resolution of eight bits.
Digital I and Q signal component are changed to the speed of 5.12 megahertzes by low-converter 254.Code generator and despreader 256 carry out above-mentioned synchronization acquistion and following function, so that the Phase synchronization of the phase place of the Rademacher-Walsh of receiver 202 and pseudo-random noise code sequences and down link signal 212.Digital signal processor 258 is controlled the phase place of subordinate sign indicating number sequence by code tracking device 260 and carrier track device 262.Automatic gain control unit 264 produces automatic gaining controling signal, with the gain of control RF receiving interface 250.Code generator and despreader 256 produce the I and the Q frame information of 160 kilobytes per seconds, with under the control of node synchronous logic unit 268, are undertaken further synchronously by node sync cap 266.Node sync cap 266 determines whether to exchange I and Q channel by node synchronous logic unit 268, because they can four kinds of different modes receive.
270 couples of I of Viterbi decoder and Q channel provide the forward error correction, and produce the data-signal through 160 kilobytes per seconds of mistake correction after 71 symbol delay.By the frame alignment device mistake corrected signal is handled, and extractor 272 is determined frame alignment and is extracted power control signal 236, sign indicating number synchronous 234 and operation and maintenance channel signal 238.Frame alignment device and extractor 272 also extract converse first subscriber channel 226 and second subscriber channel 228 of emission to first user 208 and second user 210, and the signaling channel of being handled by advanced data link controller 274 and microcontroller 276 230.Frame alignment device and extractor 272 also provide alarm and mistake indication when detecting the frame alignment failure.Under the situation of loss of link, for the ease of rebuliding link, nonvolatile RAM 278 storages are used for passing through subsequently the system parameter message that arbiter 180 inserts.Arbiter 280 also provides interface between digital signal processor 258 and microcontroller 276.
Along transmit direction, frame inserter 282 receives from first user 208 and second user's 210 the first user's communication amount and the second user's communication amount, from signaling channel 230 information of advanced data link controller 274 and from the operation of microcontroller 276 with keep channel 238 information.The frame inserter produces frame information signal 218 to convolution coder 284 handled uplink signals 214.Convolution coder 284 doubles the data rate of frame information signal 218, so that the forward error correction to be provided.Expander 286 is divided into the convolution coder signal of 320 kilobits per seconds the I and the Q signal of two 160 kilobits per seconds, and the system clock that is produced in response to the clock generator of being regulated by sign indicating number synchronizing signal 234 290, the sequence spreading that is produced by code generator 288 carries out xor operation to these I and Q signal.Code generator 288 produces a function in 16 Rademacher-Walsh functions, this function and sign indicating number type (pattern) length be 256 and subcode speed be that the pseudo random sequence of 2.56 megahertzes is carried out xor operation.Pseudo random sequence should be complementary with central terminal 10, but can regulate this sequence under the control of software, to stop the signal from other frequency band or other sub-district reliably.
Expander 286 offers simulating transmitting machine 290 to I and Q signal.290 pairs of RF emission interfaces of simulating transmitting machine 292 produce the I and the Q signal of pulsation.In response to the power control signal 236 that from additional channel 224, extracts, produce transmitting power by at first setting up control voltage by digital-analog convertor.This control voltage is added to the power control input end of simulating transmitting machine 290 and RF emission interface 292.In simulating transmitting machine 290 and RF emission interface 292, all can obtain 35 decibels power control.RF emission interface 292 comprises step attenuator, and this decay provides 30 decibels of 2 db-loss levels that scope is interior.This attenuator is used for switching between height and low-power value.In energized, select maximum attenuation, the transmitting power of transmitter 204 is reduced to minimum.
So clearly, foundation the invention provides synchronous equipment and the method for transmitter that makes in the radio telecommunications system user terminal, thereby satisfies above-mentioned advantage.Though preferred embodiment is described in detail, should be understood here and can make various changes, substitutions and modifications.For example, though described downgoing line and uplink signal, realize that other form provides similar emission state, control and information with speed with specific format and speed.So, though described specific embodiments here, should understand and the invention is not restricted to this, can do many modifications and additions and deletions to it within the scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. a method that is used for frame alligning information in communication system is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Transmitter transmitting downstream line signal from central terminal;
Receiver place at user terminal receives down link signal;
Be identified in the starting point of the frame position in the data flow of down link signal;
Be identified in the starting point of the frame position in succession in the data flow of down link signal;
The Down-Link Communications path of foundation from the transmitter of central terminal to the receiver of user terminal is used for being received in the traffic on the down link signal in response to two of identification frame position starting points in succession.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, each starting point of described frame position is corresponding to the Frame Aligning Word in described down link signal.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described Frame Aligning Word is arranged in the additional channel of described down link signal.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described additional channel is decoded as one of per ten bit positions of described down link signal.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the frame starting point identification step is included in and extracts one first bit position in per ten bits of described down link signal, to discern described Frame Aligning Word.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the frame starting point identification step is included in and extracts one second bit position in per ten bits of described down link signal, to discern Frame Aligning Word according to the indication of unidentified Frame Aligning Word during extracting described first bit position.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises the steps:
Monitor the starting point of described frame position for each frame in the described down link signal;
Receive three frames in succession in response to the starting point that does not detect frame position, discern two starting points in succession of described frame position again.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises the steps:
The Down-Link Communications path of supervision from central terminal to user terminal;
In response to interrupting the Down-Link Communications path, discern two starting points in succession of described frame position again.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described identification step again comprises the most preceding position that monitors described down link signal, to discern the starting point of described frame position.
10. a system that is used for frame alligning information in radio telecommunications system is characterized in that, described system comprises:
Transmitter in the central terminal is used for the transmitting downstream line signal, and described down link signal comprises the Frame Aligning Word by each entrained information frame of described down link signal;
Receiver in the user terminal, be used to receive described down link signal, described receiver is identified in two described Frame Aligning Words in succession in the described down link signal, described receiver is according to two described Frame Aligning Words in succession of identification, sets up the Down-Link Communications path from the described transmitter of described central terminal to the described receiver of described user terminal.
11. system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, each described Frame Aligning Word is decoded as the additional channel of described down link signal.
12. system as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, each described additional channel is decoded as a bit of per ten bit positions of described down link signal.
13. system as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described receiver monitors first bit position of per ten bits of described down link signal, is used to discern described Frame Aligning Word in succession.
14. system as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described receiver monitors second bit position of per ten bits of described down link signal, be used for indication, identification described Frame Aligning Word in succession according to unidentified described Frame Aligning Word in succession during monitoring described first bit position.
15. system as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that, described receiver monitors the Down-Link Communications path from central terminal to user terminal, described receiver is in response to interrupting described Down-Link Communications path, again discern two described Frame Aligning Words in succession, described receiver monitors the bit position that the most preceding is monitored of described Frame Aligning Word, so that rebulid the Down-Link Communications path.
16. system as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described receiver monitors the described down link signal that is used for described Frame Aligning Word continuously, and described receiver is discerned two described Frame Aligning Words in succession again in response to three described frames in succession of unidentified described Frame Aligning Word.
17. the user terminal in radio telecommunications system is characterized in that, described user terminal comprises:
Receiver, be used to receive down link signal, described down link signal carries the information that is divided into a plurality of frames, each frame for a plurality of frames, described down link signal comprises a Frame Aligning Word, described Frame Aligning Word is decoded as the additional channel of described down link signal, described additional signal is decoded as one of per ten bit positions of described down link signal, for setting up the Down-Link Communications path, described receiver identification is from two Frame Aligning Words in succession of the additional channel of described down link signal.
18. user terminal as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described receiver monitors first bit position of per ten bits of described down link signal, to discern described Frame Aligning Word.
19. user terminal as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that, described receiver monitors second bit position of per ten bits of described down link signal, to discern Frame Aligning Word according to the indication of unidentified two described Frame Aligning Words in succession during monitoring described first bit position.
20. user terminal as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, described receiver monitors the described down link signal that is used for described Frame Aligning Word continuously, described receiver after receiving three described information frames in succession, is discerned two described Frame Aligning Words in succession in response to the interruption in described Down-Link Communications path or not detecting described Frame Aligning Word again.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96195265A CN1189945A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1996-06-03 | Appts. and method of frame alligning information in a wireless telecommunications system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9510870.0 | 1995-06-02 | ||
| GB9511546.5 | 1995-06-07 | ||
| GB9513168.6 | 1995-06-28 | ||
| CN96195265A CN1189945A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1996-06-03 | Appts. and method of frame alligning information in a wireless telecommunications system |
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| CN1189945A true CN1189945A (en) | 1998-08-05 |
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| CN96195265A Pending CN1189945A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1996-06-03 | Appts. and method of frame alligning information in a wireless telecommunications system |
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| CN (1) | CN1189945A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103532695A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-22 | 特拉博斯股份有限公司 | A method and a device for controlling a clock signal generator |
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1996
- 1996-06-03 CN CN96195265A patent/CN1189945A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103532695A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-22 | 特拉博斯股份有限公司 | A method and a device for controlling a clock signal generator |
| CN103532695B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2018-11-09 | 特拉博斯股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for controlling clock-signal generator |
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