CN1189212A - Multi-type air-conditioner - Google Patents
Multi-type air-conditioner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1189212A CN1189212A CN97190381A CN97190381A CN1189212A CN 1189212 A CN1189212 A CN 1189212A CN 97190381 A CN97190381 A CN 97190381A CN 97190381 A CN97190381 A CN 97190381A CN 1189212 A CN1189212 A CN 1189212A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- indoor units
- unusual
- temperature
- water level
- draining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
- F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/30—Condensation of water from cooled air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/06—Damage
Abstract
When the drainage fails, for example, a blower of a faulty side indoor unit is stopped to fully close an electronic expansion valve , and the temperature of a faulty side heat exchanger is detected by a thermistor . When this temperature has increased, the operation of an indoor unit in which a drainage failure does not occur is contained, and when the temperature has not increased, the operations of all the indoor units are stopped. When a compressor which stopped when the drainage failure occurred is restarted, the faulty side heat exchanger is judged as to whether the temperature thereof has decreased or not. When this temperature has not decreased, the operation of the other indoor unit is continued, and, when the temperature has decreased, the operations of all the indoor units are stopped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize refrigerant pipeline an outdoor unit to be connected the compound type air-conditioner of many indoor units.
Background technology
Fig. 4 is the pie graph of existing compound type air-conditioner.
By refrigerant pipeline 4a, 4b many (for example, 2) indoor units 2,3 are connected on 1 outdoor unit 1.
Wherein, compressor 5 is arranged in the outdoor unit 1, four-way switching valve 7 is connected on the refrigerant gas output of compressor 5 by oil eliminator 6.Oil eliminator 6 is separated into refrigerant gas and oil to refrigerant gas, and refrigerant gas is delivered to four-way switching valve 7, oil is delivered to the suction line 8 on the suction side that is connected to compressor 5.
2 outdoor heat converters 9,10 are parallel-connected to an end of four-way switching valve 7, and then, respectively distributor 11,12, check- valves 13,14 or electric expansion valve 15,16 are connected to these outdoor heat converters 9,10 and get on.
And, check- valves 13,14 or electric expansion valve 15,16 are connected to recipient 17 jointly, 2 indoor units 2,3 are connected to recipient 17 by refrigerant pipeline 4a.
Also have, by suction line 8, the other end of four-way switching valve 7 is connected to compressor 5 from gas container 18.
On the other hand, constituting of 2 indoor units 2,3: respectively filter 20a, 20b are connected to refrigerant pipeline 4a and get on, respectively electric expansion valve 21a, 21b, distributor 22a, 22b, indoor heat converter 23a, 23b are connected to filter 20a, 20b; Indoor heat converter 23a, 23b are connected to refrigerant pipeline 4b.
Also have, in indoor units 2,3, hair-dryer (blower fan) 24a, 24b are set respectively, and, in the bottom of indoor units 2,3, the drain pan 25a, the 25b that are used for accumulating by means of the water that the air cooling is separated are set.The water that stays in drain pan 25a, 25b is discharged by means of draining pump 26a, 26b respectively, it is discharged naturally.
Moreover, on drain pan 25a, 25b, dispose float switch 27a, 27b respectively, when the draining of accumulating in any dish among drain pan 25a, the 25b or this two dishes is overflowed, just detect this situation, whole units are quit work.
In such formation, for example, under the situation of carrying out the air-cooling system operation, the refrigerant gas of discharging from compressor 5 is separated into refrigerant gas and oil by means of oil eliminator 6, make oil wherein turn back to suction line 8.
On the other hand, make refrigerant gas pass through four-way switching valve 7 and import each outdoor heat converter 9,10, here condense.Make refrigerant liquid pass through distributor 11,12, check- valves 13,14 respectively and then pass through recipient 17 to import 2 indoor units 2,3 from refrigerant pipeline 4a by means of outdoor heat converter 9,10 cohesions.
Moreover at this moment, electric expansion valve 15,16 is closed, and therefore, refrigerant liquid is by check- valves 13,14.
In indoor units 2,3, make refrigerant liquid import indoor heat converter 23a, 23b by filter 20a, 20b, electric expansion valve 21a, 21b, distributor 22a, 22b respectively, after the evaporation, become gaseous state here.
And, make refrigerant gas pass through unit 1 outside the refrigerant pipeline 4b return chamber, by four-way switching valve 7, gas container 18, suction line 8, suck compressor 5 once more.
In service in such cooling, indoor heat converter 23a, the 23b of each indoor units 2,3 cool off air, make airborne moisture content and air separation, accumulate among drain pan 25a, the 25b as draining.
The draining of accumulating in drain pan 25a, 25b is discharged by means of draining pump 26a, 26b, it is discharged naturally.
, draining is accumulated in drain pan 25a, 25b, when draining from drain pan 25a, when 25b overflows, it is unusual to detect this draining by means of float switch 27a, 27b.
Abnormal control flow journey figure according to shown in Figure 5 controls unusually to such draining.
When promptly the drain pan 25a internal drainage in any in indoor units 2 or 3 (for example indoor units 2) overflowed, float switch 27a one action just made whole indoor units 2,3 quit work, and, on remote panel, show abnormality.
But in above-mentioned compound type air-conditioner, a plurality of indoor units (promptly, 2 indoor units 2,3) be in service, at this moment, for example float switch 27a one of an indoor units 2 action, although another indoor units 3 can continue operation, also the operation of whole indoor units 2,3 has been stopped.
Disclosure of an invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of compound type air-conditioner, in a plurality of indoor units,, can continue operation for the unusual indoor units that does not have draining to overflow.
A first aspect of the present invention is the compound type air-conditioner that many indoor units with heat exchanger, blower fan and electric expansion valve is connected up and comprise drain pan (draining that produces in the heat exchanger is accepted and discharged to this drain pan in these indoor units) and water level detection switch to 1 outdoor unit, when the water level in the drain pan arrives given water level, water level detection switch output abnormality signal;
This compound type air-conditioner comprises and abends device and could move definite device;
Temperature sensor is set on heat exchanger, and simultaneously, this device that abends judges whether water level detection switch has exported abnormal signal, when generation is unusual, the blower fan that unusual FS indoor units takes place is quit work, and closes its electric expansion valve fully;
This could move determines that device is judged when generation is unusual, whether the detected temperatures of the unusual FS indoor units temperature sensor of generation has risen, if this temperature (for example than design temperature or design temperature scope) has risen, just make other indoor units continue operation, if this temperature (for example, than design temperature or design temperature scope) do not rise, just stop the operation of whole indoor units.
If in such compound type air-conditioner, when the water level in the drain pan arrives given water level, if water level detection switch detects this situation and output abnormality signal, during then this unusual generation, with regard to the blower fan that unusual FS indoor units takes place is quit work, close its electric expansion valve fully; And, whether the detected temperatures this when unusual, that the temperature sensor of unusual beyond indoor units takes place judge takes place risen, if this temperature has risen, just make other indoor units continue operation, if this temperature does not rise, just stop the operation of whole indoor units.
Like this, the relevant unusual indoor units that does not have draining to overflow can continue operation.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in the described compound type air-conditioner of first aspect present invention, in could moving definite device, set up and restarted definite device, when generation is unusual, when the compressor that has stopped being restarted, whether this detected temperatures of restarting the temperature sensor of determining the above-mentioned unusual FS indoor units of device judgement generation has descended, if this temperature (for example than design temperature or design temperature scope) does not descend, just make other indoor units continue operation, if this temperature (for example than design temperature or design temperature scope) has descended, just stop the operation of whole indoor units.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the pie graph that an embodiment of the compound type air-conditioner relevant with the present invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is the pie graph of this control system for air conditioner;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of unusual control in this air conditioner;
Fig. 4 is the pie graph of existing compound type air-conditioner;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of existing unusual control.
Be used to implement most preferred embodiment of the present invention
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, relevant one embodiment of the present of invention are described.Moreover the part identical with Fig. 4 is marked with identical symbol, omits its detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the pie graph of compound type air-conditioner.
Thermistor 30a, 30b as temperature sensor are set to each indoor heat converter 23a, 23b of 2 indoor units 2,3 respectively.
Thermistor 30a, 30b detect the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b respectively, and output is corresponding to the signal of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b temperature.
On the other hand, Fig. 2 is the pie graph of control system.
In this control system, comprise the device 31 that abends, be used to accept respectively from each abnormal signal as each float switch 27a, 27b output of water level detection switch.
This device 31 that abends has following function: judge whether to detect abnormal signal from each float switch 27a, 27b; When take place that draining overflows unusual the time, hair- dryer 24a, 24b that unusual FS indoor units 2,3 takes place are quit work, and, close its electric expansion valve 21a, 21b fully.
Also have, could move and determine that device 32 has following function: when having accepted to take place draining overflows the unusual meaning from the device 31 that abends, judge the running status of the compressor 5 of outdoor unit 1 by output device 33; If this compressor 5 is in running status, judge then whether the detected temperatures (being the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b) of thermistor 30a, 30b that unusual FS indoor units 2,3 takes place has risen; If this temperature has risen, just make other indoor units 3,2 continue operation, and, if the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b does not rise, just stop the operation of whole indoor units 2,3.
Also have, could move at this and determine in the device 32, set up to restart and determined device 34.This is restarted and determines that device 34 has following function: take place that draining overflows unusual the time compressor 5 that stopped when restarting, judge whether the temperature of the indoor heat converter 23a, the 23b that detect by means of thermistor 30a, 30b has descended; If the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b does not descend, just make other indoor units 3,2 continue operation, and, if the temperature of heat exchanger 23a, 23b has descended, just stop the operation of whole indoor units 2,3.
Secondly, according to abnormal control flow journey figure shown in Figure 3, the work of the relevant air conditioner that constitutes as described above is described.
For example, under the situation of carrying out the air-cooling system operation,, the refrigerant gas of discharging from compressor 5 is separated by means of oil eliminator 6 with similarly above-mentioned, make refrigerant gas wherein import each outdoor interchanger 9,10, here condense by four-way switching valve 7.
Make the refrigerant liquid that condensed import 2 indoor units 2,3 by distributor 11,12, check- valves 13,14 and then by recipient 17, refrigerant pipeline 4 respectively.
In indoor units 2,3, make refrigerant liquid import indoor heat converter 23a, 23b by filter 20a, 20b, electric expansion valve 21a, 21b, distributor 22a, 22b respectively, after the evaporation, become gaseous state here.
Make refrigerant gas pass through unit 1 outside the refrigerant pipeline 4b return chamber, suck compressor 5 once more by four-way switching valve 7, gas container 18, suction line 8.
In service in such cooling, indoor heat converter 23a, the 23b of each indoor units 2,3 cool off air, make airborne moisture content and air separation, accumulate among drain pan 25a, the 25b as draining.
Make the draining of in drain pan 25a, 25b, accumulating by means of draining pump 26a, 26b draining, it is discharged naturally, still, draining is accumulated in drain pan 25a, 25b, when it overflows, float switch 27a, 27b action, the abnormal signal that the output draining is overflowed.
Here, in step #1, the device 31 that abends judges whether to have exported abnormal signal from each float switch 27a, 27b.
Draining is unusual if this judged result is generation, the device 31 that abends just makes the hair-dryer that the unusual FS indoor units 2,3 that draining overflows takes place (for example stop action in step # 2, if from float switch 27a output abnormality signal, the hair-dryer 24a of indoor units 2 is quit work), in next procedure # 3, close its electric expansion valve 21a (below, relevant take place in indoor units 2 that draining overflows unusual is described) fully.
Secondly, when having accepted to take place draining overflows the unusual meaning from the device 31 that abends, could move and determine the just running status of the compressor 5 by the outdoor unit 1 of output device 33 judgements in step #4 of device 32.
If it is in service that this judged result is that compressor 5 is in, could move and determine that device 32 just transfers to step # 5, accept to take place the detected temperatures of the thermistor 30a of unusual FS indoor units 2, judge whether the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a has risen.
And, if being the temperature that unusual FS indoor heat converter 23a takes place, this judged result risen, because the electric expansion valve 21a of unusual FS indoor units 2 takes place to close, so air-cooling system has just quit work, could move and determine that draining that device 32 is judged as this indoor heat converter 23a not have the danger of increase, and, transfer to step # 6, only make that unusual FS indoor units 2 takes place is out of service, make other indoor units 3 continue operation.
; if in above-mentioned steps # 5; be judged as the words that temperature that unusual beyond indoor heat converter 23a takes place does not rise; electric expansion valve 21a has just not exclusively closed, if according to operation so now, draining just increases; the danger of overflowing is arranged; therefore, could move and determine that device 32 transfers to step # 7, make whole indoor units 2,3 out of service.
On the other hand, if the judged result of compressor 5 running statuses of outdoor unit 1 is that compressor 5 has quit work, in step # 8, restart and determine that device 34 just waits for that compressor 5 then restarts, when this compressor 5 is restarted, in next procedure # 9, be taken into the detected temperatures of thermistor 30a, judge whether the temperature that unusual FS indoor heat converter 23a takes place has descended.
If being the temperature that unusual beyond indoor heat converter 23a takes place, this judged result do not descend, because the electric expansion valve 21a of unusual beyond indoor units 2 takes place to close, so, air-cooling system has just quit work, being judged as draining can further not increase, restart and determine that device 34 transfers to step # 10, make that unusual FS indoor units 2 takes place is out of service, make other indoor units 3 continue operation.
; if the temperature of unusual FS indoor heat converter 23a takes place to have descended; electric expansion valve 21a has just not exclusively closed; if be judged as according to operation so now; draining just increases; the danger of overflowing is arranged, could move and determine that device 32 transfers to step # 11, make whole indoor units 2,3 out of service.
Like this, in the above-described embodiments,, close its electric expansion valve 21a fully when the water level in the drain pan arrives given water level, when the generation draining is unusual, the hair-dryer 24a that unusual FS indoor units 2 takes place quit work; And, detected temperatures according to the thermistor 30a that unusual FS indoor units takes place judges whether the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a has risen, if this temperature has risen, just make other indoor units 3 continue operation, if this temperature does not rise, just stop the operation of whole indoor units 2,3; And, when the compressor 5 that has taken place to stop when unusual is restarted, judge whether the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a has descended, if this temperature does not descend, just make other indoor units 3 continue operation,, just stop the operation of whole indoor units 2,3 if this temperature has descended; Therefore, in a plurality of indoor units 2,3, make the draining that has taken place on the unusual indoor units 2 of draining not have the danger that increases, only make that the unusual indoor units 2 of draining takes place is out of service, make other indoor units 3 can continue operation.
Also have, be divided into compressor 5 and be in operation or be in halted state, can judge only to make that the unusual indoor units 2 of draining takes place is out of service, whole indoor units 2,3 are quit work.
Have again, can use the indoor units 3 that does not have the draining abnormal show.
The unusual situation of draining that takes place has been described above in indoor units 2, and still, the unusual and then indoor units of draining takes place in indoor units 3 has 3 when above, all is identical.
Also having, is many (more than 2) if the unusual indoor units of draining has taken place, and just makes that the unusual whole indoor units of draining have taken place is out of service, makes all the other indoor units continue operation, and following situation is identical.
Moreover the present invention is not limited to an above-mentioned embodiment, and following such variation also can be arranged.
For example, the temperature sensor that detects the temperature of indoor heat converter 23a, 23b is not limited to thermistor 30a, 30b, also can use other detector unit.
Industrial utilizability
First and second aspect of the present invention according to describing in detail above can provide such compound air conditioner Machine in a plurality of indoor units, can make the unusual indoor units that does not have draining to overflow continue fortune OK.
Claims (2)
1. compound type air-conditioner, many indoor units with heat exchanger, blower fan and electric expansion valve are connected on 1 outdoor unit, and comprise drain pan and water level detection switch, the draining that produces at heat exchanger described in these indoor units is accepted and discharged to this drain pan, when the water level in the drain pan arrives given water level, water level detection switch output abnormality signal; This compound type air-conditioner is characterised in that:
Comprise and abend device and could move definite device;
This device that abends is provided with temperature sensor on described heat exchanger, simultaneously, judge whether described water level detection switch has exported abnormal signal, when generation is unusual, the blower fan that unusual FS indoor units takes place is quit work, close its electric expansion valve fully;
This could move determines that device judges whether the detected temperatures of the described temperature sensor of, generation described unusual FS indoor units described when unusual when taking place has risen, if this temperature has risen, just make other indoor units continue operation, if this temperature does not rise, just stop the operation of whole indoor units.
2. compound type air-conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described could move to determine to have set up in the device restart definite device, when the compressor that has taken place to stop when unusual is restarted, whether this detected temperatures of restarting the temperature sensor of determining the described unusual FS indoor units of device judgement generation has descended, if this temperature does not descend, just make other indoor units continue operation,, just stop the operation of whole indoor units if this temperature has descended.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP100190/1996 | 1996-04-22 | ||
JP100190/96 | 1996-04-22 | ||
JP10019096A JP3776502B2 (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1996-04-22 | Multi-type air conditioner |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1189212A true CN1189212A (en) | 1998-07-29 |
CN1100240C CN1100240C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
Family
ID=14267389
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN97190381A Expired - Lifetime CN1100240C (en) | 1996-04-22 | 1997-04-21 | Multi-type air-conditioner |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0834708B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3776502B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1100240C (en) |
HK (1) | HK1009842A1 (en) |
ID (1) | ID16639A (en) |
TW (1) | TW323329B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997040326A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100398822C (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-07-02 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Compressor |
CN102362126A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-02-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN104033992A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow)air-conditioner fault handling method and air-conditioner |
CN113531773A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-22 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | Multi-connected air conditioner fault detection method and device and multi-connected air conditioner |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100465535C (en) * | 2004-11-13 | 2009-03-04 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fixed-frequency multiple air conditioner set |
JP5262398B2 (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2013-08-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Drain drainage method, air conditioning apparatus and air conditioning system, drain socket |
CN109708248B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-02-04 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Valve failure detection method of air conditioning system and air conditioning system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0726754B2 (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1995-03-29 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
JP3055163B2 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 2000-06-26 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JPH07229634A (en) * | 1994-02-16 | 1995-08-29 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | Drain water leakage preventing device for separate type air conditioner |
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 JP JP10019096A patent/JP3776502B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-21 EP EP97917445A patent/EP0834708B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-21 WO PCT/JP1997/001361 patent/WO1997040326A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-04-21 TW TW086105144A patent/TW323329B/zh active
- 1997-04-21 CN CN97190381A patent/CN1100240C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-22 ID IDP971332A patent/ID16639A/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 HK HK98110656A patent/HK1009842A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100398822C (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-07-02 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Compressor |
CN102362126A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-02-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN102362126B (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2014-10-22 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN104033992A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow)air-conditioner fault handling method and air-conditioner |
CN113531773A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-22 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | Multi-connected air conditioner fault detection method and device and multi-connected air conditioner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1009842A1 (en) | 1999-09-17 |
EP0834708B1 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
WO1997040326A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
EP0834708A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
JPH09287802A (en) | 1997-11-04 |
JP3776502B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
TW323329B (en) | 1997-12-21 |
ID16639A (en) | 1997-10-23 |
CN1100240C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
EP0834708A4 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
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