CN1188895C - Environment-protecting long-life fluorescent lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an environment protection and long service life fluorescent lamp tube. The cathode is composed of a directly-heated cathode and a sideward heated cathode to replace the filament. The direct-heated cathode heats the self body and the thermal launch electron of the sideward heated cathode. The sideward heated cathode captures various kinds of damaging impact energy which can be transformed into the beneficial energy of the cold emission electron to emit the electron, reduces and captures the cathode substance spattered and escaped from the direct-heated cathode to reuse, and greatly lightens various kinds of harm and burden of the direct-heated cathode. When the direct-heated cathode gets old or fractures, the capacity for emitting the electron can be compensated and completely replaced to greatly prolong the self service time of the direct-heated cathode, greatly prolong the service life of the cathode and greatly prolong the service life of the lamp tube. The invention purpose of the environment protective long service life fluorescent lamp tube can be realized. The environment protection and long service life fluorescent lamp tube can be used with an electronic amperite or the iron core amperite circuit of the present invention, and the environmental protection and the economic benefit are very outstanding. The environment protection and long service life fluorescent lamp tube can be used for service life prolonging and environmental protection of high price products of other vacuum tube products, such as television sets, display kinescopes, etc.

Description

Environment-protecting long-life fluorescent lamp

Technical field: the invention belongs to field of illumination lamp technology.

Background technology: fluorescent lamp is soft because of light, brightness is again with more than 4 times of power incandescent lamp, the fluorescent tube that particularly adopts high light efficiency fluorescent material to make, brightness is taller many, it is the human ordinary luminaire that widely uses, be widely used in urban and suburban roads, station, airport, harbour, market, school, factory, office and domestic lighting, consumption is very big; The mercury that fills in the fluorescent tube (mercury) is to the very big heavy metal of human toxicity and is difficult to remove from human body or natural environment, because it is very stable, can not die away and cause severe contamination and harm to human body and natural environment forever; The fluorescent tube volume is also very big, is again easy broken glass goods, and is mishandling also very dangerous.Just because of this, it is more and more serious to scrap the environmental pollution that is produced by fluorescent tube, harm becomes increasingly conspicuous, big public hazards have been become, having piled up some storehouses as the stronger unit of many environmental consciousnesses can't handle, also can force them must not abandon environmental protection then if things go on like this, this will be the another very grave disaster of environmental protection; As want by " recycle, " it is also unrealistic to the pollution of environment to alleviate or improve a large amount of waste fluorescent lamps for regenerated resource development and utilization, because the time of scrapping of fluorescent tube is extremely to disperse, workload, difficulty and the cost of receiving, transport and handle them are all very big, and itself is uncostly again, may not keep cost, more difficult prospect and make money, " businessman do not sustain losses in business dealing ".In addition, short use and repair and replacement cost and the workload that also increases the consumer of lamp tube service life, also bring troubles such as many use inconvenience and loss, especially luxurious, the place that comprises lighting (closed often finishing) of finishing such as market, guest's pipe will be for the repair and replacement fluorescent tube will be difficult to avoid ground, destroy its luxurious finishing to some extent.Obviously, effectively solve above-mentioned environmental protection and use cost and a serial difficult problem such as easy to use, have only invention and use long-life lamp tube.

The present directly-heated type fluorescent tube that uses, it is the filament surface that the cathode substance of emitting electrons is coated in heated cathode, so in conjunction with more open, very easily be subjected to start repeatedly and each superhigh pressure that starts the moment generation, the impact of heavy current and high-intensity magnetic field and the filament surface of escaping out of splashing, reduce significantly thereby the cathode substance that makes emitting electrons is very fast, electron emission ability is also just more and more littler, electrons emitted is also just fewer and feweri, the internal resistance that fluorescent tube is started is also increasing, cause the startup of fluorescent tube more and more difficult, this significantly increases the number of times that starts repeatedly conversely again, causes vicious circle, and the life-span of fluorescent tube is significantly shortened.

For above-mentioned reasons, present fluorescent tube is before startup, the temperature of negative electrode should reach between 850-900 ℃, could launch abundant electronics to start and to light fluorescent tube, once fail to light fluorescent tube if start, then the starter contact is closed once more, and said process carries out again repeatedly, till lamp tube starting.Disconnection that the starter contact is each and closure, circuit is produced impact and involve the heavy current vibration, make negative electrode impaired, particularly " focus " that exists on negative electrode or the filament-the thinnest is that resistance maximum, heating (temperature) are the highest and make the easiest local aging rapidly or fracture of splashing and escaping of material, electronics powder and filament material splash to come off and make the fluorescent tube blackout, and the life-span subtracts greatly.In addition, filament is very thin, and shock resistance is not strong, is subject to mechanical shock etc. and ruptures; Negative electrode is very thin, the material of emitting electrons also just seldom.In whole numbers of starts, the relative percentage value that negative electrode is not heated to the instantaneous starting that promptly starts more than 850 ℃ is bigger, and then the life-span of negative electrode and filament is shorter.When instantaneous starting percentage 40%, the lost of life 1/5; When all being instantaneous starting, its life-span will shorten 2/3.The general one-shot of fluorescent lamp is lighted seldom, and the situation that 2-4 time even more times startup are lighted occupies the majority.These factors add together, and lamp tube service life is subtracted greatly, so these short main causes of fluorescent tube life just.

The negative electrode of fluorescent tube can reach 850 ℃ later on again row start, this warm-up time with negative electrode is relevant, the latter is relevant with the length of starter time of closing contact again.Starter commonly used is a glow starter, closing time be designed to 2 move about, but owing to be subjected to the influence of voltage, temperature etc., this time is very inaccurate.When voltage was higher than 220 volts, the starter closing time was extremely short, causes instantaneous starting; When voltage was lower than 220 volts, starter once closure was difficult to light fluorescent tube, caused repeatedly instantaneous starting just can light fluorescent tube, thereby it is more serious just to light the damage of fluorescent tube target and filament than one-shot; When ambient temperature and brownout, starter is difficult to closed, even can not be closed, and lamp just can not be lighted.

In recent years, people have developed electric ballast, and it has the light a lamp function of pipe of instantaneous disposable start-up point, and having overcome inductance type iron core ballast and starter preferably needs repeatedly to start the shortcoming that just can light fluorescent tube.But the electric ballast operating frequency is very high, generally reach more than 20 kilo hertzs, and the operating frequency of inductance type iron core ballast is the same with the frequency of the alternating current of lighting circuit, it all only is the 50-60 hertz, and electric ballast is in tube filament and negative electrode to light operating state always, promptly constantly be subjected to high frequency voltage and rush of current, so it is in fact use the life-span of the fluorescent tube of electric ballast only only slightly to prolong, even long not as good as the lamp tube service life of using Inductive ballast than the lamp tube service life of using the Inductive ballast ballast.

From as can be known above-mentioned,, mainly all be to the negative electrode of fluorescent tube emitting electrons with for the extent of damage decision of the filament of negative electrode heating to the life-span extent of injury of pre-heated fluorescent tube no matter be Inductive ballast or electric ballast.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention designs a kind of environment-protecting long-life fluorescent lamp at the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, adopt heater-type and direct-heated cathode, slow and continuous emitting electrons " soft start " fluorescent tube simultaneously, avoid starting repeatedly and start at every turn the destructiveness harm that superhigh pressure, heavy current and high-intensity magnetic field that moment all produces bring to lamp tube service life, thereby several times prolonging lamp tube service life, the aforementioned serial purpose of realization the present invention

The following describes technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect.

As long as 1, to light according to fluorescent tube be that arc discharge burning can provide enough electronics just can reduce science and technology and the operation principle that starting resistance is lighted fluorescent tube in the present invention, research and design is straight, separately heated cathode preheating slow formula soft start fluorescent tube continuously, and wherein She Ji the directly-heated preheating cathode indirect heat preheating cathode of mainly bearing warm start electronics launch mission, design is mainly born cold start-up electronics launch mission.So, need not be nearly thousand degree high temperature just can launch enough electronics with the startup fluorescent tube, prevent that effectively " focus " emerges and fracture, electronics powder and filament material splash and come off, thus prolonging lamp tube service life significantly.

2, because the pop-up of electronics emission and heat emission dual mode all can be launched enough electronics to start fluorescent tube, obviously with two kinds of electronics radiation patterns in conjunction with application, will significantly reduce the pressure of single heat emission, that is significantly reduce the heat emission temperature, also can significantly reduce the pressure of single pop-up, that is significantly reduce pop-up high voltage and impact, thereby avoid or reduce significantly that moment starts and the number of starts repeatedly; Because of pop-up is the voltage emission, need not increases filament temperature so only need suitably to increase the starting resistor of lamp tube ends negative electrode and just can significantly strengthen negative electrode pop-up function; So the present invention adopts hot and cold electronics radiation pattern simultaneously, can receive " art is good for strength " undoubtedly and be bidirectional modulation and the beneficial effect that promotes hot and cold electronics emission that the result of these advantage integrated applications is the useful life of prolonging lamp tube significantly.

3, because existing fluorescent tube only depends on thermal electron to start, so its filament just need reach nearly thousand in moment and spends high temperature and just can reach the startup purpose.This just must filament do very thin, could accumulate in order to self-heating and the baking enough electronics of cathode emission necessary heat in moment.And " negative electrode " material of heat that very thin filament can gather and carrying is all very limited, so electron emission ability is also just very limited; Because the anti-machinery concussion of very thin filament itself and anti-electric, the magnetic impact capacity is all very weak, it is highly softening to add the filament that is under the high hot state, not only itself anti-machine damping was swung and resist electricity, the magnetic impact capacity is more weak and material is required " escape merit " also to descend greatly this moment, easilier caused filament and cathode substance " to splash " producing with " focus " and ruptured.This serial factor all makes lamp tube service life have a greatly reduced quality and scrap in advance.The present invention adopts double filament and the negative electrode done of the material of emitting electrons, thereby the diameter that has significantly increased " filament " and negative electrode and thickness have also increased the amount of electron-emissive material and the tightness degree that combines improves work function with anti-" splashing " greatly, anti-" focus ", anti-" wearing out ", also strengthened the ability of anti-all impacts greatly, and (the filament metal is in low-temperature condition when starting in the thermal shock that produces in the time of also will starting, resistance is very little, electric current is very big and produce) and disadvantageous energy such as electromagnetic impact all significantly reduced, this is because the cathode substance of emitting electrons generally all is metal oxide such as thorium oxide etc., no matter high and low temperature state all has the event of certain resistance, and these harmfulness energy all are converted into the useful energy that is directly used in emitting electrons, avoided to greatest extent starting repeatedly and high startup temperature and harm thereof.Obviously, this serial advantage significantly prolonging lamp tube service life, significantly reduce the generation of waste fluorescent lamp and significantly alleviate environmental pollution and use cost.

4, fluorescent tube of the present invention both can be with electric ballast, also can be used with inductance type ballast, effect is the same, so can be suitable for all fluorescent lamp lighting environment and fields.When being used with electric ballast, the warm start energy source is in its heating to filament, and the cold start-up energy source is in the high frequency starting voltage and the high frequency starter electric current of the starting circuit generation of its high frequency starting capacitor device composition; When being used with Inductive ballast, the warm start energy source is in the heating of ballast to filament, the cold start-up energy source is in the capacitor and the ballast that are used to improve circuit power factor, and open automatically by means of the resonant circuit that starter is formed, the higher resonance potential and the electric current that produce during the pass, the voltage that can when starting, provide enough pop-up electron institutes to need, and after startup, significantly improve circuit power factor, and general ammeter does not calculate reactive power, many electrical equipment producers and consumers are for saving cost also with regard to the rare person that initiatively increases the capacitor, cause supplying, generating equipment and system capability are seriously accounted for by sky and decline to a great extent, and can Fa Gaore etc. and cause serious accident, direct economic loss and potential hazard are all very big, so public welfare economic benefit of the present invention is also very high.

5, to change the single warm start of existing fluorescent tube be that warm start adds cold start-up to the utility model, and negative electrode not only heating and emitting electrons, but also to accept and transform the destructive extremely strong various impact energys that produce in the start-up course be that emitting electrons helps the useful energy of " cold start-up " that start, also timely and effective " digestion " and dissolved the anticathode destruction of these energy.This is that its thermal capacity die temperature rise is slow because the present invention's's " cathode filament " cathode substance and all more existing tube cathode of negative electrode diameter are many greatly; The effective surface area of emitting electrons (kelvin effect-electric current and electronics mainly concentrate on the conductive materials surface) is big, electron emission amount energy also big, that take away is also many, so moment is difficult for accumulation and reaches producing very harmful " focus " and " splashing " required high temperature and high energy, and these to starting harmful Conversion of energy for to starting useful energy, not only avoided moment to start anticathode destruction, but also laid in the energy that follow-up continuous startup need be used, thereby realized that it was the soft start purpose that the present invention slowly starts continuously.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a lamp tube structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the operating circuit schematic diagram of fluorescent tube adapted electric ballast of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the operating circuit schematic diagram of fluorescent tube adapted of the present invention iron core ballast.

With reference to Fig. 1, fluorescent tube T of the present invention does not have the filament of special heating, but directly with making preheating The wire of formula fluorescent tube anchored filament is made electrode P and is used for fixed negative pole N, comprises directly-heated type the moon Utmost point N1 and equipotential cathode N2, negative electrode total surface area 4-6 square centimeter, lead-out wire W and electrode Electrical coupling also extends through out the tube glass closure part, the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of the metal material of use Consistent with tube glass sealing and with leading foot F electrical coupling, to guarantee the sealing airtightness of fluorescent tube Can, lead-out wire is four lines, to adapt to the requirement of traditional four line connections.

With reference to Fig. 2, electrode P imports fluorescent tube T with the voltage that electric ballast B produces, and is carried in Arbitrary end of the two ends of direct-heated cathode N1 and equipotential cathode N2, the height that utilizes ballast to produce Frequently pulse voltage cold start-up and electrical current heat start and start fluorescent tube, and the fluorescent tube arc discharge is lighted.

With reference to Fig. 3, electrode P is with the voltage of iron core ballast L, capacitor C and starter S generation Import fluorescent tube T, and be carried in the two ends of direct-heated cathode N1 and arbitrary end of equipotential cathode N2, The electrical current heat that utilizes iron core ballast, capacitor and starter to produce start and the pulse voltage cold start-up and Start fluorescent tube, the fluorescent tube arc discharge is lighted.

Embodiment:

The present invention is on the architecture basics of present pre-heated fluorescent tube, save the filament of the negative electrode that adds thermal electron, the electrode P of anchored filament is directly connected negative electrode N, negative electrode N had not only generated heat but also emitting electrons, thereby replaced the load cathode substance of filament and support the function of negative electrode and heating and heated cathode; Can negative electrode be made various suitable shapes such as helical form, zigzag, netted, strip, bulk, cylindric etc. and various combination form by the product of various different sizes and requirement, launch in order to electronics, concrete shape needs decision by production, but equipotential cathode N2 should be positioned at direct-heated cathode N1 periphery; For increasing negative electrode mechanical strength and surface area to improve its life-span and electron emission ability, can use for reference the employing construction of cable, increase high temperature resistant and " reinforcing bar " structure that ductility is all very strong (metallics not necessarily in cathode center, nonmetallic substance also can, because do not need its conduction), play the effect of strengthen supporting negative electrode and enlarging the surface area of emitting electrons, but and the inside and outside surface of the more cathode substances of load, especially equipotential cathode N2 all answer the load cathode substance with prolonging lamp tube service life.The comprehensive effect of these measures will significantly increase lamp tube service life.All the other manufacture crafts requirements and material specification etc. need not be changed, but the negative electrode N gross area that is exposed in the fluorescent tube should have the 4-8 square centimeter, guarantees that the discharge of the kelvin effect of hot and cold startup is normally carried out.

For ease of understanding and saving specification length, existing supplementary copy invention beneficial effect and scientific and technological principle are as follows: because the negative electrode that the present invention has adopted pop-up and heat emission simultaneously and had two emitting electrons, so the cathode substance quantity of carrying is more, can prolong material because of the emitting electrons decrement of " splashing " greatly causes the electronics emission to make the time of the aging of cathode inadequately, and equipotential cathode is positioned at the direct-heated cathode periphery, can directly tackle direct-heated cathode and splash the material of escaping for oneself all and used, and can be because of self being in the low temperature low-energy state, a large amount of high temperature that absorb direct-heated cathode heats and the various as the aforementioned damaging impact energy of energy and force high temperature that direct-heated cathode independently bears and energy at first to reduce direct-heated cathode to its transfer, this also alleviates its splashing amount with regard to effectively having lowered the splashing kinetic energy of direct-heated cathode material, and this moment, equipotential cathode played the important function of direct-heated cathode umbrella, be equal to part and return to direct-heated cathode material and life-span; The more important thing is, after direct-heated cathode uses too of a specified duration wearing out, originally, can replace direct-heated cathode immediately and the independent transmission electronics, only need this moment the lamp tube ends short circuit is connected because of playing the assistant starting function equipotential cathode that is mainly used in pop-up on the back burner.This is can transform mutually under certain condition with energy character because of multi-form, originally the electric energy that be used to generate heat this moment is converted to the high potential energy because of not leading off to accumulate, producing high potential difference and improving the voltage discharge is the ability and the energy of pop-up, can very easy and successfully start and light fluorescent tube equally, this has significantly prolonged lamp tube service life once more, thereby has realized the dirty invention of great significance purpose of the long-lived and low ring of the present invention.

The lamp works of innovative design of the present invention and structural principle and scientific and technological achievement also can supply other vacuum tube product such as high price products such as television set, display picture tube are lengthened the life, environmental protection is used for reference and used, so its potential application, market and scientific and technological economic benefit are huge.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of fluorescent tube is characterized in that negative electrode is made up of direct-heated cathode and equipotential cathode, and it is peripheral and be electrically connected with its one pole that equipotential cathode is positioned at direct-heated cathode.

2,, it is characterized in that negative electrode double as filament according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

3,, it is characterized in that and cathodic electricity direct with the electrode of filament electrical ties and anchored filament are linked and fixed negative pole according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

4,, it is characterized in that cathode shape is one of helical form, zigzag, netted, strip, bulk, cylindric or its various combination forms according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

5,, it is characterized in that the cathode area that is exposed in the fluorescent tube is the 4-8 square centimeter according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

6,, it is characterized in that cathode center has supporting construction according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

7,, it is characterized in that the equal load cathode substance in the inside and outside surface of negative electrode according to the described fluorescent tube of claim 1.

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