CN118859451B - A compact long focal length dual-spectral common aperture two-step zoom optical system - Google Patents
A compact long focal length dual-spectral common aperture two-step zoom optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118859451B CN118859451B CN202411353847.8A CN202411353847A CN118859451B CN 118859451 B CN118859451 B CN 118859451B CN 202411353847 A CN202411353847 A CN 202411353847A CN 118859451 B CN118859451 B CN 118859451B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005331 crown glasses (windows) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005308 flint glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
- G02B7/10—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification by relative axial movement of several lenses, e.g. of varifocal objective lens
- G02B7/105—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification by relative axial movement of several lenses, e.g. of varifocal objective lens with movable lens means specially adapted for focusing at close distances
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0663—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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Abstract
A compact long-focus dual-spectrum-section common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system belongs to the technical field of optical engineering and solves the problems of lower detection and search capability and larger volume of an optical system of the existing system. The system of the invention comprises: the off-axis three-reflector afocal optical configuration is adopted, light rays of a target scene are split after passing through the off-axis three-reflector system and respectively pass through the intermediate wave infrared lens group and the visible light lens to form images to form an intermediate wave infrared channel and a visible light channel, the two channels of wide and narrow view fields share the off-axis three-reflector system, the switching of the narrow and wide view fields of the intermediate wave infrared channel is realized through the axial movement of the intermediate wave infrared lens group, the switching of the wide and narrow view fields of the visible light channel is realized through the radial switching of the visible light lens group, the common light path design of different channels of wide and narrow view fields is realized without introducing an additional reflector switching component, the volume of the optical system is greatly compressed, and the stray light influence outside the view fields in the wide view field mode is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical engineering, in particular to a compact long-focus dual-spectrum-band common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system.
Background
The photoelectric tracking system is used as one type of photoelectric system, the target is identified and tracked by detecting and judging the target, the photoelectric system with large caliber, multiple wave bands and compact structure is important in the advanced multifunctional photoelectric aiming nacelle, and meanwhile, in order to enlarge the sighting range, a wide field of view is generally required to be increased on the basis of narrow field of view sighting so as to meet the searching function.
The two-gear zooming optical system can adapt to the application environment of transient variation, the switching speed is high, the target loss can not occur in the optical path conversion process, and when the two-gear zooming optical system and the afocal optical system are combined to form the afocal optical system, the remote detection can be realized, and the switching to the wide view field can be used for searching.
In the prior art, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN112305739a, publication No. 2021, 02 discloses an infrared dual-band imaging optical system with common optical path and wide and narrow view field combination, the wave band is middle wave infrared and long wave infrared, the switching of wide and narrow view field is realized by three spectroscopes cut into and out of the optical path, and an additional spectroscope switching component is required, and the volume is too large, so that the engineering application is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low detection and search capability and large volume of an optical system of the existing system, and provides a compact long-focus dual-band common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the invention provides a compact long-focus dual-spectrum-section common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system, which comprises: the device comprises a main reflector, a secondary reflector, a first quick reflector, a three-reflector, a second quick reflector, a spectroscope, a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel;
the main reflector, the secondary reflector, the first fast reflector, the third reflector, the second fast reflector, the spectroscope and the medium wave infrared channel form a medium wave infrared optical system;
the main reflector, the secondary reflector, the first quick reflector, the third reflector, the second quick reflector, the spectroscope and the visible light channel form a visible light optical system;
The light reflected or radiated by the target scene is incident to the main reflector, a secondary reflector is arranged on a reflecting light path of the main reflector, a first quick reflector is arranged on a reflecting light path of the secondary reflector, a three-reflecting mirror is arranged on a reflecting light path of the first quick reflector, a second quick reflector is arranged on a reflecting light path of the three-reflecting mirror, a spectroscope is arranged on a reflecting light path of the second quick reflector, and the spectroscope is used for dividing the light into a medium wave infrared spectrum section and a visible spectrum section and respectively enters a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel;
The medium wave infrared channel comprises a medium wave first lens, a medium wave second lens, a medium wave first folding mirror, a medium wave second folding mirror, a medium wave third lens, a medium wave fourth lens, a medium wave fifth lens and a medium wave detector which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path, and the medium wave infrared spectrum is sequentially refracted by the medium wave first lens, refracted by the medium wave second lens, reflected by the medium wave first folding mirror, reflected by the medium wave second folding mirror, refracted by the medium wave third lens, refracted by the medium wave fourth lens, refracted by the medium wave fifth lens and finally incident to the medium wave detector to carry out medium wave infrared channel imaging;
The visible light channel comprises a visible light first lens, a visible light second lens, a visible light third lens, a visible light fourth lens, a visible light first folding axis lens, a visible light fifth lens, a visible light sixth lens, a visible light seventh lens, a visible light eighth lens, a visible light ninth lens and a visible light detector which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the light path, and a visible light spectrum section sequentially passes through the visible light first lens refraction, the visible light second lens refraction, the visible light third lens refraction, the visible light fourth lens refraction, the visible light first folding axis lens reflection, the visible light fifth lens refraction, the visible light sixth lens refraction, the visible light seventh lens refraction, the visible light eighth lens refraction, the visible light ninth lens refraction and finally enters the visible light detector to carry out visible light channel imaging.
Further, in the medium wave infrared channel, two-stage zooming is realized by axially moving the medium wave first lens, the medium wave second lens, the medium wave third lens, the medium wave fourth lens and the medium wave fifth lens along the optical axis direction.
Further, in the visible light channel, two-stage zooming is realized by radially switching the visible light sixth lens, the visible light seventh lens and the visible light eighth lens in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
Further, the main reflector, the secondary reflector, the first fast reflector and the three reflectors are designed as an off-axis three-reflector afocal system for receiving light and compressing the caliber of the light beam.
Further, the first quick reflection mirror is inclined 45 degrees to the optical axis, and the two channels share the first quick reflection mirror and are used for compensating visual axis shake caused by external disturbance.
Further, the second quick reflection mirror is inclined 45 degrees to the optical axis, and the two channels share the second quick reflection mirror for compensating the image shift of the load roll and the flight direction.
Further, the spectroscope is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis, and the spectroscope transmits the mid-wave infrared spectrum and reflects the visible spectrum.
Furthermore, the medium wave infrared channel adopts a secondary imaging structure, an entrance pupil is arranged at the position of an exit pupil of the off-axis three-reflector afocal system, and the position of the exit pupil is matched with the cold diaphragm of the medium wave detector to realize 100% cold diaphragm efficiency.
Further, the visible light channel adopts a primary imaging structure.
Further, the primary mirror surface is parabolic, the secondary mirror surface is off-axis hyperboloid, and the tertiary mirror surface is off-axis parabolic.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention discloses a compact long-focus double-spectrum-section common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system, which adopts an off-axis three-reflector afocal optical configuration, light rays of a target scene are split into an image by a medium-wave infrared lens group and a visible light lens group respectively after passing through the off-axis three-reflector system to form a medium-wave infrared channel and a visible light channel, the two wide-narrow view fields of the two channels share the off-axis three-reflector system, the switching of the narrow-wide view field of the medium-wave infrared channel is realized through the axial movement of the medium-wave infrared lens group, the switching of the wide-narrow view field of the visible light channel is realized through the radial switching of the visible light lens group, the common-path design of different wide-narrow view fields of the channels is realized without introducing an additional reflector switching component, the volume of the optical system is greatly compressed, and the influence of stray light outside the view field in the wide-view field mode is effectively avoided.
According to the invention, the lens group is simultaneously axially moved along the optical axis direction and radially switched in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis to realize the switching of the dual-spectrum section common-aperture two-gear zooming, the common-path design of different channel wide and narrow view fields can be realized without an additional reflector switching component, the structure is simple, and the influence of stray light outside the view field after the view field switching is effectively avoided;
according to the invention, the two channels share the stable visual axis of the first quick reflection mirror 3, and the sensor visual axis shake caused by external disturbance is corrected through swaying, so that the stability of the visual axis is maintained;
The two channels share the second quick reflection mirror 5 to stabilize the image, and the image is kept clear and stable by correcting the image shift generated by load roll and the flying direction through swaying;
The medium wave infrared channel adopts a secondary imaging structure, the visible light channel adopts a primary imaging structure, the light path is greatly simplified, the number of lenses of each channel is small, and the system transmittance is high.
The invention is suitable for photoelectric tracking systems of different platforms such as airborne and spaceborne, and particularly relates to the field of aviation airborne photoelectric pods, a long-focus multi-spectrum optical system is used for remote searching detection and all-weather monitoring and reconnaissance, and a common-aperture two-gear zooming optical configuration is used for realizing the light miniaturization of a photoelectric pod integrating searching and tracking.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the optical path of a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a narrow field focal length 1200mm optical path of a mid-wave infrared optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wide field focal length 600mm optical path of a mid-wave infrared optical system in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a light path with a narrow field of view and a focal length of 1800mm for a visible light optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wide field focal length 900mm optical path of a visible light optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure, a 1-main mirror, a 2-secondary mirror, a 3-first quick reflection mirror, a 4-triple mirror, a 5-second quick reflection mirror, a 6-spectroscope, a 7-medium wave first lens, an 8-medium wave second lens, a 9-medium wave first folding mirror, a 10-medium wave second folding mirror, an 11-medium wave third lens, a 12-medium wave fourth lens, a 13-medium wave fifth lens, a 14-medium wave detector, a 15-visible light first lens, a 16-visible light second lens, a 17-visible light third lens, a 18-visible light fourth lens, a 19-visible light first folding mirror, a 20-visible light fifth lens, a 21-visible light sixth lens, a 22-visible light seventh lens, a 23-visible light eighth lens, a 24-visible light ninth lens and a 25-visible light detector are illustrated.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In one embodiment, a compact long-focus dual-band common-aperture two-speed zoom optical system, the system comprises: the device comprises a main reflector 1, a secondary reflector 2, a first quick reflector 3, a three-reflector 4, a second quick reflector 5, a spectroscope 6, a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel;
the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3, the three reflectors 4, the second quick reflector 5, the spectroscope 6 and the medium wave infrared channel form a medium wave infrared optical system;
The main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3, the three reflectors 4, the second quick reflector 5, the spectroscope 6 and the visible light channel form a visible light optical system;
The light reflected or radiated by the target scene is incident to the main reflector 1, a secondary reflector 2 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the main reflector 1, a first quick reflector 3 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the secondary reflector 2, a three-reflecting mirror 4 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the first quick reflector 3, a second quick reflector 5 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the three-reflecting mirror 4, a spectroscope 6 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the second quick reflector 5, and the spectroscope 6 is used for dividing the light into a medium wave infrared spectrum segment and a visible spectrum segment, and respectively enters a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel;
The medium wave infrared channel comprises a medium wave first lens 7, a medium wave second lens 8, a medium wave first folding mirror 9, a medium wave second folding mirror 10, a medium wave third lens 11, a medium wave fourth lens 12, a medium wave fifth lens 13 and a medium wave detector 14 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path, and the medium wave infrared spectrum is sequentially refracted through the medium wave first lens 7, refracted through the medium wave second lens 8, reflected by the medium wave first folding mirror 9, reflected by the medium wave second folding mirror 10, refracted through the medium wave third lens 11, refracted through the medium wave fourth lens 12, refracted through the medium wave fifth lens 13 and finally incident on the medium wave detector 14 for imaging of the medium wave infrared channel;
The visible light channel includes a visible light first lens 15, a visible light second lens 16, a visible light third lens 17, a visible light fourth lens 18, a visible light first folding axis lens 19, a visible light fifth lens 20, a visible light sixth lens 21, a visible light seventh lens 22, a visible light eighth lens 23, a visible light ninth lens 24 and a visible light detector 25, which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the light path, and the visible light spectrum segment is sequentially refracted by the visible light first lens 15, refracted by the visible light second lens 16, refracted by the visible light third lens 17, refracted by the visible light fourth lens 18, reflected by the visible light first folding axis lens 19, refracted by the visible light fifth lens 20, refracted by the visible light sixth lens 21, refracted by the visible light seventh lens 22, refracted by the visible light eighth lens 23, refracted by the visible light ninth lens 24, and finally incident on the visible light detector 25 for imaging the visible light channel.
The embodiment provides a compact long-focus double-spectrum-section common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system, which can realize common-path design of different channel wide and narrow view fields without an additional reflector switching assembly, effectively improves the detection searching capability of the system, reduces the volume of the optical system, and effectively avoids stray light influence outside the view field in a wide view field mode.
In this embodiment, the light reflected or radiated by the target scene sequentially passes through the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first fast reflector 3, the three reflectors 4 and the second fast reflector 5, and then enters the spectroscope 6, the spectroscope 6 divides the light into a middle-wave infrared spectrum segment and a visible spectrum segment, and the middle-wave infrared channel and the visible spectrum segment enter the middle-wave infrared channel and the visible spectrum channel respectively, and share the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first fast reflector 3, the three reflectors 4, the second fast reflector 5 and the spectroscope 6, and the two channels do not share the transmission lens group, so that chromatic aberration and aberration can be corrected for each wave band conveniently, and meanwhile, the transmittance is effectively improved.
In a second embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, where the medium-wave infrared channel is further defined, and specifically includes:
in the intermediate wave infrared channel, two-stage zooming is realized by axially moving the intermediate wave first lens 7, the intermediate wave second lens 8, the intermediate wave third lens 11, the intermediate wave fourth lens 12 and the intermediate wave fifth lens 13 along the optical axis direction.
According to the embodiment, the common light path design of different channel wide and narrow view fields can be realized without an additional reflector switching component.
In a third embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, where the visible light channel is further defined, and specifically includes:
In the visible light channel, two-stage zooming is realized by radially switching the visible light sixth lens 21, the visible light seventh lens 22 and the visible light eighth lens 23 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
According to the embodiment, the common light path design of different channel wide and narrow view fields can be realized without an additional reflector switching component.
In the fourth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, and in the present embodiment, the main mirror 1, the sub-mirror 2, the first quick mirror 3, and the three mirrors 4 are further defined, and specifically includes:
The main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3 and the three reflectors 4 are designed into an off-axis three-reflector afocal system for receiving light and compressing the caliber of the light beam.
In the embodiment, the central view field is perfect in imaging, and can be independently adjusted, so that the adjustment difficulty is reduced.
In a fifth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, and in the present embodiment, the first quick reflection mirror 3 further defines the system specifically includes:
The first quick reflection mirror 3 is inclined 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the two channels share the first quick reflection mirror 3 and are used for compensating visual axis shake caused by external disturbance.
The embodiment can keep the visual axis stable.
In a sixth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, and in the present embodiment, the second quick reflection mirror 5 further defines the system specifically including:
the second quick reflection mirror 5 is inclined 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the two channels share the second quick reflection mirror 5 for compensating the load roll and the image shift in the flight direction.
The embodiment can keep the image clear and stable.
In a seventh embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, and in the present embodiment, the splitter 6 further defines the optical splitter, specifically including:
the spectroscope 6 is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the spectroscope 6 transmits the middle wave infrared spectrum and reflects the visible spectrum.
The two spectral bands can respectively enter the medium-wave infrared channel and the visible light channel by the implementation mode.
In an eighth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, where the medium-wave infrared channel is further defined, and specifically includes:
The intermediate wave infrared channel adopts a secondary imaging structure, an entrance pupil is arranged at the position of an exit pupil of the off-axis three-reflector afocal system, and the position of the exit pupil is matched with the cold diaphragm of the intermediate wave detector 14 to realize 100% cold diaphragm efficiency.
In the embodiment, the lens material can be made of silicon and germanium materials, so that the processing technology difficulty is reduced, and the production and manufacturing cost is saved.
In a ninth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, where the visible light channel is further defined, and specifically includes:
the visible light channel adopts a primary imaging structure, and the lens material can adopt a combination of flint glass and crown glass.
The number of lenses is small, and the transmittance of the system is high.
In a tenth embodiment, the present embodiment further defines a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, where the main mirror 1, the sub-mirror 2, and the three-mirror 4 are further defined, and specifically includes:
The primary reflector 1 is parabolic, the secondary reflector 2 is off-axis hyperboloid, and the tertiary reflector 4 is off-axis parabolic.
In this embodiment, the materials of the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2 and the tertiary mirror 4 may be microcrystalline glass.
An eleventh embodiment is a compact long-focal-length dual-band common-aperture two-shift zoom optical system, specifically including:
As shown in fig. 1, a compact long-focal-length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system includes: the device comprises a main reflector 1, a secondary reflector 2, a first quick reflector 3, a three-reflector 4, a second quick reflector 5, a spectroscope 6, a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel; the light reflected or radiated by the target scene is incident to the main reflector 1, a secondary reflector 2 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the main reflector 1, a first quick reflector 3 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the secondary reflector 2, a three-reflecting mirror 4 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the first quick reflector 3, a second quick reflector 5 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the three-reflecting mirror 4, a spectroscope 6 is arranged on the reflecting light path of the second quick reflector 5, and the spectroscope 6 is used for dividing the light into a medium wave infrared spectrum segment and a visible spectrum segment, and respectively enters a medium wave infrared channel and a visible light channel;
The medium wave infrared channel comprises a medium wave first lens 7, a medium wave second lens 8, a medium wave first folding mirror 9, a medium wave second folding mirror 10, a medium wave third lens 11, a medium wave fourth lens 12, a medium wave fifth lens 13 and a medium wave detector 14 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of an optical path, and the medium wave infrared spectrum is sequentially refracted through the medium wave first lens 7, refracted through the medium wave second lens 8, reflected by the medium wave first folding mirror 9, reflected by the medium wave second folding mirror 10, refracted through the medium wave third lens 11, refracted through the medium wave fourth lens 12, refracted through the medium wave fifth lens 13 and finally incident on the medium wave detector 14 for imaging of the medium wave infrared channel; the medium wave infrared channel realizes two-stage zooming by axially moving the medium wave first lens 7, the medium wave second lens 8, the medium wave third lens 11, the medium wave fourth lens 12 and the medium wave fifth lens 13 along the optical axis direction;
The visible light channel comprises a visible light first lens 15, a visible light second lens 16, a visible light third lens 17, a visible light fourth lens 18, a visible light first folding axis lens 19, a visible light fifth lens 20, a visible light sixth lens 21, a visible light seventh lens 22, a visible light eighth lens 23, a visible light ninth lens 24 and a visible light detector 25 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the light path, and the visible light spectrum section is sequentially refracted by the visible light first lens 15, refracted by the visible light second lens 16, refracted by the visible light third lens 17, refracted by the visible light fourth lens 18, reflected by the visible light first folding axis lens 19, refracted by the visible light fifth lens 20, refracted by the visible light sixth lens 21, refracted by the visible light seventh lens 22, refracted by the visible light eighth lens 23, refracted by the visible light ninth lens 24 and finally incident on the visible light detector 25 for imaging the visible light channel; the visible light channel realizes two-stage zooming by radially switching the visible light sixth lens 21, the visible light seventh lens 22 and the visible light eighth lens 23 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis;
the medium wave infrared channel and the visible light channel share a main reflector 1, a secondary reflector 2, a first quick reflector 3, a three-reflector 4, a second quick reflector 5 and a spectroscope 6, and the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3, the three-reflector 4, the second quick reflector 5 and the spectroscope 6 and the medium wave infrared channel form a medium wave infrared optical system, as shown in fig. 2 and 3; the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3, the three reflectors 4, the second quick reflector 5, the spectroscope 6 and the visible light channel form a visible light optical system, as shown in fig. 4 and 5;
Further, the medium wave infrared channel and the visible light channel share the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3, the three reflectors 4, the second quick reflector 5 and the spectroscope 6, and the two channels do not share the transmission lens group, so that chromatic aberration and aberration can be corrected conveniently in each wave band, and the transmittance is effectively improved;
The main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3 and the three reflectors 4 are designed into an off-axis three-reflector afocal system, and are used for receiving light and compressing the caliber of light beams, the central view field is perfect for imaging, and the primary reflector, the secondary reflector and the first quick reflector can be independently adjusted, so that the adjustment difficulty is reduced;
Further, the substrate materials of the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2 and the three-reflector 4 can be microcrystalline glass or silicon carbide, the surface type of the main reflector 1 is an off-axis paraboloid, the surface type of the secondary reflector 2 is an off-axis hyperboloid, and the surface type of the three-reflector 4 is an off-axis paraboloid;
further, the first quick reflection mirror 3 is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis, the two channels share the first quick reflection mirror 3, and the visual axis of the sensor shakes caused by external disturbance through swaying correction, so that the stability of the visual axis is maintained;
The second quick reflection mirror 5 is obliquely arranged 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the two channels share the second quick reflection mirror 5 and are used for compensating the image shift of the load roll and the flight direction, so that the image is kept clear and stable;
The spectroscope 6 is placed at an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, and the middle wave infrared spectrum section and the reflection visible spectrum section enter the middle wave infrared channel and the visible light channel respectively;
Further, the substrate material of the spectroscope 6 is selected to be a transmission medium wave infrared material, and the front surface and the rear surface are respectively plated with a spectroscope film and an antireflection film;
The intermediate wave infrared channel adopts a secondary imaging structure, an entrance pupil is arranged at the position of an exit pupil of the off-axis three-reflector afocal system, and the position of the exit pupil is matched with the cold diaphragm of the intermediate wave detector 14 to realize 100% cold diaphragm efficiency;
The visible light channel adopts a primary imaging structure, and the chromatic aberration and the correction of a secondary spectrum of the long-focus optical system are solved by reasonably matching the high-refractive-index and low-dispersion optical element with the low-refractive-index and high-dispersion optical element, so that the number of lenses is small, and the transmittance of the system is high.
Embodiment twelve, this embodiment is an example 1 of a compact long-focal length dual-band common-aperture two-stage zoom optical system as described above, specifically including:
1-5 and tables 1-3, the preferred embodiment of the invention provides a compact long-focus double-spectrum common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system, wherein the narrow-view-field focal length of a medium-wave infrared optical system is 1200mm, the wide-view-field focal length of the medium-wave infrared optical system is 600mm, and the compact long-focus double-spectrum common-aperture two-gear zoom optical system is applicable to a refrigeration medium-wave infrared detector with the resolution ratio of 1280×1024, the pixel spacing of 12 μm×12 μm and the cold screen F number of F4; the narrow field focal length of the visible light optical system is 1800mm, the wide field focal length of the visible light optical system is 900mm, and the method is applicable to a visible light detector with resolution of 5120 multiplied by 4096 and pixel spacing of 4.5 mu m multiplied by 4.5 mu m;
In the embodiment, the positions of the medium wave first lens 7, the medium wave second lens 8, the medium wave third lens 11, the medium wave fourth lens 12 and the medium wave fifth lens 13 along the optical axis direction are adjustable, and the wide and narrow view field switching is realized by axially moving along the optical axis direction;
The first intermediate-wave lens 7 and the second intermediate-wave lens 8 move along the negative direction of the optical axis, move away from the spectroscope 6 and the third intermediate-wave lens 11 along the negative direction of the optical axis, move away from the second intermediate-wave axicon 10, the fourth intermediate-wave lens 12 and the fifth intermediate-wave lens 13 along the positive direction of the optical axis, and move away from the intermediate-wave detector 14 to form a narrow field of view of the intermediate-wave infrared optical system, and vice versa; the direction from the object plane to the image plane is positive and the direction from the image plane to the object plane is negative;
In the present embodiment, the visible sixth lens 21, the visible seventh lens 22, and the visible eighth lens 23 realize switching between wide and narrow fields of view by radial cutting in and cutting out in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis;
the visible light sixth lens 21, the visible light seventh lens 22 and the visible light eighth lens 23 have narrow fields of view of the visible light optical system when cut out in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and have wide fields of view of the visible light optical system when cut out in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis;
in the embodiment, the main reflector 1, the secondary reflector 2, the first quick reflector 3 and the three reflectors 4 are designed into an off-axis three-reflector afocal system, and are used for receiving light and compressing the caliber of the light beam, the central view field is perfect for imaging, and the independent adjustment can be realized, so that the adjustment difficulty is reduced;
in the embodiment, the surface type of the preferred main reflector 1 is an off-axis paraboloid, the material is microcrystalline glass, the surface type of the preferred secondary reflector 2 is an off-axis hyperboloid, the material is microcrystalline glass, the surface type of the preferred three reflectors 4 is an off-axis paraboloid, and the material is microcrystalline glass;
in the embodiment, the first quick reflection mirror 3 is preferably arranged at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis, the two channels share the first quick reflection mirror 3, and the stability of the visual axis is maintained by swaying the visual axis of the sensor caused by external disturbance through swaying correction;
in the embodiment, the second quick reflection mirror 5 is inclined 45 degrees to the optical axis, and the two channels share the second quick reflection mirror 5 for compensating the image shift of the load roll and the flight direction and keeping the image clear and stable;
The spectroscope 6 is preferably placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the optical axis, is made of monocrystalline silicon, has a thickness of 10mm, is respectively plated with a spectroscope film and an antireflection film on the front and rear surfaces, transmits 3.7-4.8 μm, and reflects 0.45-0.9 μm;
The preferred medium wave first folding mirror 8, the medium wave second folding mirror 9 and the visible light first folding mirror 17 in the embodiment are all inclined 45 degrees with the optical axis, the materials are all H-K9L, and a high reflection film is plated;
The preferred intermediate wave first lens 7, intermediate wave second lens 8, intermediate wave third lens 11, intermediate wave fourth lens 12 and intermediate wave fifth lens 13 in this embodiment are all made of silicon and germanium materials;
The visible light first lens 15, the visible light second lens 16, the visible light third lens 17, the visible light fourth lens 18, the visible light fifth lens 20, the visible light sixth lens 21, the visible light seventh lens 22, the visible light eighth lens 23, and the visible light ninth lens 24 which are preferable in this embodiment are made of flint glass and crown glass.
Table 1 shows specific parameter data of each lens in the optical system
Note that: the units of each size in the table are: millimeter;
Table 2 shows the variable intervals corresponding to focal lengths of 1200mm, 600mm, 1800mm, 900mm
Note that: the units of each size in the table are: millimeter;
Table 3 aspherical coefficients used in example 1
The aspherical surfaces mentioned in the above lenses are even aspherical surfaces, and the expression thereof is as follows:
wherein Z is the height of the aspheric surface at the position r along the optical axis direction, the distance from the vertex of the aspheric surface is sagittal, c is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, A, B, C is the aspheric coefficient;
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (8)
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| CN114895448A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A common aperture multi-field infrared optical system |
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| CN114895448A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A common aperture multi-field infrared optical system |
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