CN1188427A

CN1188427A - Enhanced adsorbent and room temperature catalyst particle and method of making and using therefor

Info

Publication number: CN1188427A
Application number: CN96194898A
Authority: CN
Inventors: M·L·莫斯科维茨; B·E·克内尔
Original assignee: Project Earth Industries Inc
Current assignee: Project Earth Industries Inc
Priority date: 1995-04-21
Filing date: 1996-04-17
Publication date: 1998-07-22

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an adsorbent and/or catalyst and binder system comprising I) mixing components comprising (a) a binder comprising a colloidal metal oxide or colloidal metalloid oxide, (b) an oxide adsorbent and/or catalyst particle, and (c) an acid, (ii) removing a sufficient amount of water from the mixture to cross-link components a and b to form an adsorbent and/or catalyst and binder system. The invention also relates to particles made by the process, binders, and methods for remediating contaminants in a stream.

Description

The adsorbent that strengthens and room temperature catalyst particle and production and preparation method thereof

The background of invention invention field

The present invention relates generally to absorbent particles, described particle has the catalytic performance of improved absorption property and/or improved or new existence, comprises the room temperature catalytic capability.Background technology

It is known that metal and some nonmetallic oxide utilize the adsorbent principle to be used for removing some compositions from a kind of gas or liquid stream.For example, use activated alumina to be considered to handle the method for water with a kind of economy of removing all contaminations, gas and some liquid.Its highly porous structure can have the good adsorption ability to moisture and the pollutant that is contained in gas and some liquid.It is as the gas in the petroleum industry and the drier of steam, and be used as the sky G﹠W in purifying catalyst or the carrier of catalyst.Remove pollutant such as phosphate is known technology with activated alumina.For example referring to Yee, W., " Selective Removal of Mixed Phosphates by Activated Alumina " the J.Amer.Waterworks Assoc. that " optionally removes mixed phosphate " with activated alumina, the 58th volume 239-247 page or leaf (1966).

The U.S. patent No.5242879 that authorizes people such as Abe discloses through carbonization and activation processing, acid treatment and the heat treated active carbon material in the atmosphere that is made of inert gas or reducing gas to be had high catalytic activity and is suitable as the decomposition catalyst of hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine or other water pollutant such as organic acid, quaternary ammonium salt and sulfur-containing compound.Acid can be used for removing foreign body, but does not strengthen absorption property.

Ion transplanting technology has been used in the integrated circuit production.The U.S. patent No.4843034 that authorizes people such as Herndon discloses and has been used for injecting institute's favored area of layer of normally insulation with the composition of the insulating materials that changes institute's favored area and/or the method and system of the interlayer conductive path that structure is made integrated circuit by falling ion.It points out that the insulating materials of wide region can be given optionally electric conductivity, comprises insulating materials and inorganic insulating material such as metal or conductor oxidate, nitride or the carbide of polymerization.Can comprise the oxide of silica, silicon nitride, carborundum, aluminium etc. by the insulating materials that this patent is handled.Find that the ion of transplanting can comprise silicon, germanium, carbon, boron, arsenic, phosphorus, titanium, molybdenum, aluminium and gold ion.Transplanting energy typically changes in the about 500KeV scope of about 10-.It discloses the ion implantation step and has changed the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of insulating barrier and it is believed that replacing oxygen, nitrogen or carbon in addition enters the effect of transplanting zone from conductive layer to promote migration and permission metal in sintering step.It is believed that transplanting destroys the physical action of lattice in addition, it can also promote the fusing of metal.This causes obtaining a kind of composite of mainly being made up of the ion of insulating materials that is destroyed and transplanting in graft area.In operation embodiment, silicon ion is injected the specific region of silicon dioxide layer with the directly transplanting machine.

Authorize people's such as Matossian U.S.No, disclose the plasma source that is used for providing the ion of being transplanted to object in 5218179 patents and arranged.The large scale object that is injected into ion is enclosed in the container.Produce plasma in this chamber, the container of described chamber and the plasma source ion that is used for the graft procedure amount separates and feeds this container.Plasma enters this container to compare improved greatly density with routine techniques around object from this chamber.Apply in the negative arteries and veins of high volt to this object, make ion by plasma quicken towards and be implanted in the object.

Like this, need in the art improved from gas or liquid stream absorption specific material, particularly pollutant, with the adsorbent of the ability that purifies this logistics.Also need in this area to have the catalysis pollutant become uncontamination thing byproduct reaction ability or the catalyst of improved ability is arranged.

In addition, need in this area absorbent particles suitably agglomeration together to be formed for carrying out simultaneously the composite particles of multiple application and purification.In the prior art, particle is worn into powder and their one-tenth agglomeration or bonding states that make pinched together.The shortcoming of doing like this is the pressing steps that needs cost high, wherein is with special equipment of particle needs pinched together and processing time.

Above-cited document does not have one piece to disclose description and claimed those compounds, composition or method here.

Summary of the invention

According to purpose of the present invention, as what describe broadly and particularly here, one aspect of the present invention relates to the catalysed particulate of making the adsorbent that strengthens and/or enhancing and/or the method for making catalysed particulate, and this method comprises the following steps:

(a) remove the air of effective dose from the chamber of the sealing that contains adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate, wherein resulting constant pressure is less than 1 atmospheric pressure;

(b) with inert gas constant pressure is raised at least 1 atmospheric pressure;

(c) make particle contact one section time enough with energy beam, by this catalytic performance that strengthens the absorption and/or the catalytic performance of particle and/or produce particle with enough energy.

Particle obtained by this method can have the room temperature catalytic capability concerning specific pollutant.

The present invention further provides the catalysed particulate of a kind of adsorbent of making enhancing and/or enhancing and/or make the method for catalysed particulate, this method comprises oxygen is implanted in adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to the particle made by method of the present invention.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of adsorbent of enhancing and/or the catalysed particulate and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing, described particle comprises a kind of absorbent particles, this particle is processed so that excessive oxygen to be provided, this oxygen to small part is implanted on the surface of particle, forms the adsorbent of enhancing and/or the catalysed particulate and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing by this.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of bonding adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate contain the agglomerated particle of colloidal alumina and acid with manufacturing adhesive that is used for.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to the method for a kind of bonding adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate, this method comprises the following steps:

(a) colloidal alumina is mixed with particle and a kind of acid;

(b) this mixture is stirred; With

(c) this mixture is heated time enough so that the aluminium oxide in the mixture is crosslinked.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of method that reduces or eliminates the amount of the pollutant in liquid or the gas stream, this method comprises makes particle of the present invention contact time enough to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant in the logistics with pollutant in this logistics.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to the pollutant in liquid or the gas stream is adsorbed onto method on the absorbent particles, this method comprises makes particle of the present invention contact one section time enough with the absorption pollutant with pollutant in the logistics.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of method of catalytic hydrocarbon degraded, this method comprises makes hydrocarbon contact the degraded of time enough with catalytic hydrocarbon with particle of the present invention.

In addition on the one hand, the present invention relates to from gaseous stream, reduce or eliminate the method for the amount of pollutant by catalysis, this method comprises makes particle of the present invention contact with the gaseous stream that contains pollutant, this pollutant comprises nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, or their mixture, the amount that the contact time enough reduces or remove pollutant.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing and/or equipment of manufacturing catalysed particulate that is used to make enhancing, this equipment comprises:

(a) be used for holding the chamber device of the particle of closed system, air inlet, gas outlet and target plate are arranged, described chamber device can keep vacuum and malleation;

(b) be used for providing inert gas to arrive the device of described chamber device through air inlet;

(c) be used for discharging the surrounding air of effective dose with vacuum device in chamber device from described chamber device; With

(d) be used to provide the device of energy beam to described chamber device, target plate is aimed in described energy beam device outlet.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to increase the surface area of adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate, this method comprises the following steps:

(a) raise the chamber gauge pressure of a sealing chamber to 100psi at least with inert gas, described sealing chamber be equipped with adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate and

(b) constant pressure is reduced fast to increase the surface area of particle.

On the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing and/or method of manufacturing catalysed particulate of making enhancing, this method comprises the following steps:

(a) make adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate contact absorption and/or the catalytic performance of particle and/or the catalytic performance of generation particle of time enough with energy beam to strengthen particle with enough energy.

To propose other advantage in this specification, these advantages can obviously be found out or can be known by implementing the present invention from this description.To realize or obtain advantage of the present invention by means of specifically noted composition and mixture in the claim.Be to be understood that the generality description of front and the detailed description of back all are to give an example with indicative, do not limit the present invention as claim.

Accompanying drawing as this specification part has shown several embodiments of the present invention, is used from specification one and explains principle of the present invention.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1 represents to be used to make the catalysed particulate of the adsorbent of enhancing and/or enhancing and/or makes the equipment of one embodiment of the invention of catalysed particulate.

Fig. 2 is the figure of expression with particle reductive NO of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the figure of expression with particle reduction CO of the present invention.

Preferred embodiment is described

Can more easily understand the present invention by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and example wherein and chart and their front and back are described.

Disclosure and description material of the present invention form and method before, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to specific synthetic method or specific prescription, yes can change for they.Should also be understood that terminology used here just do not want to be used to limit the present invention in order to describe specific embodiment.

Should be noted that as specification and claims usedly, unless expressly stated otherwise,, " one ", " a kind of " or " this " of singulative comprise a plurality of objects.

In this specification and claims, will be referred to some terms, these terms have been defined as following connotation:

" selective " or " alternatively " is meant that incident or the situation described later may take place or may not take place, and specification comprises example that described incident or situation take place and the example that does not take place.

The less particle combination that terminology used here " particle " can use the particle that refers to single meaning everywhere interchangeably or be gathered into larger particles is as the particle agglomeration body.

Term " ppm " is meant a few millionths part, and term " ppb " is meant parts per billion part.GPM is the gallonage of per minute.

According to purpose of the present invention, as here concrete and generalized description, one aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing and/or method of manufacturing catalysed particulate of making enhancing, this method comprises the following steps:

(b) with inert gas constant pressure is raised at least 1 atmospheric pressure;

(a) colloidal alumina is mixed with particle and a kind of acid;

(b) this mixture is stirred; With

(b) constant pressure is reduced fast to increase the surface area of particle.

By the adsorbent of enhancing and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing, can estimate that the absorption of the relative prior art of particle of the present invention and/or catalysed particulate have improved absorption and/or catalytic performance.In addition, by making catalysed particulate, can estimate that some particle of the present invention has the specific pollutant of catalysis to change into the catalytic performance of other form, and the identical particle of handling without method of the present invention do not have catalytic performance for those specific pollutants at least.

The absorption property that strengthens estimates to comprise that ion captures and ion-exchange mechanism.Ion captures and is meant the ability of particle in conjunction with other atom, and this returns to the homeland in the ionic nature of particle.Ion-exchange is as known in the art, and is meant by a kind of mass exchange to alternative ion.Absorption is term as known in the art, and itself and absorption should be differentiated.

In particle of the present invention, generally can use any particle that some absorption and/or catalytic performance are arranged at first.For example, active carbon and oxide particle can carry out the oxygen transplanting by method of the present invention.

For oxide particle, the oxide of the oxide of preferable alloy or nonmetallic oxide such as silicon or germanium.More preferably the III-th family metal of the oxide of transition metal, periodic table (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) and the oxide of IA family metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) and the oxide of silicon.Particularly preferred oxide comprises aluminium oxide (Al ₂O ₃), silica (SiO ₂), manganese dioxide (MnO ₂), cupric oxide (CuO), iron oxide black (Fe ₃O ₄), iron oxide red (iron oxide or Fe ₂O ₃) zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconia (ZrO ₂), vanadic anhydride (V ₂O ₅) and titanium dioxide (TiO ₂).

In one embodiment, particle comprises by the pretreated aluminium oxide of complete calcination method.The alumina particle of calcining is as known in the art.They are to be heated to specific temperature to form the particle of specific crystalline texture.The method of making the alumina particle of calcining is as known in the art, described in " physics of adsorbent and catalyst and chemical condition " (the Physical andChemical Aspects of Adsorbents and Catalysts) that prints (AcademicPress) (1970) in the Higher Education Publishing House that writes as people such as Linsen, this piece document is incorporated herein by reference.In one embodiment, can use Bayer process to make alumina precursor.In addition, precalcined aluminium oxide is alumina precursor (Al (OH) ₃) and the calcining aluminium oxide can buy easily.The aluminium oxide of calcining can also with its drying, activity form uses, perhaps use with part or near whole forms of inactivations by water is adsorbed on the surface of particle.Yet, preferably make the inactivation minimum so that the adsorption capacity maximum.

In preferred embodiments, make aluminium oxide by particle temperature calcining at 400 ℃-700 ℃.These preferred alumina particles preferably r.chi-rho or the aperture η type and that 3.5nm-35nm is arranged and BET surface area are 120-350m ²/ g.

About active carbon, can use any active carbon used in the adsorbent field.Preferred coal-based carbon or the coconut palm base carbon of using.In general, coal-based carbon can be used to remove water pollutant, and coconut palm base carbon can be used to carry or gaseous contaminant except that degassing.The active carbon preferred size is less than 20 microns, and this is to mix and extrude in order to be easy to.

Particle of the present invention can use separately, mixes use and/or mix use with other absorption as known in the art or catalysed particulate with same or dissimilar particles of forming by the inventive method preparation.Described particle can utilize technology as known in the art or disclosed herein to carry out physical mixed to become agglomeration.In a preferred embodiment, mix the particle of different component types to form multi-functional composite particles by aggegation.In this embodiment, it is multi-functional to use particle to obtain simultaneously, for example removes multiple pollutant, and it is an independent effect of utilizing every type of particle.Preferred totally one particle (co-particles) that uses comprises previously described all particles and zeolite among the present invention.

In one embodiment, composite particles comprise aluminium oxide and a kind of second particulate titanium dioxide, cupric oxide, vanadic anhydride, silica, manganese dioxide,, iron oxide, zinc oxide, active carbon or zeolite.In another embodiment, composite particles comprises aluminium oxide and active carbon.In another embodiment, particle comprises active carbon (coal-based), active carbon (coconut palm base), silica and aluminium oxide.In preferred embodiments, use this particle to remove water pollutant.In one embodiment, use active carbon from coal, coconut palm matrix activated carbon, silica and the such particle of aluminium oxide to come from contaminated water source, to remove water pollutant as 1,2-two bromo-3-chloropropanes (DBCP), radon and heavy metal.

Particle of the present invention can carry out other surface treatment before or after handling with method of the present invention.Available method as known in the art is carried out preliminary treatment to improve their adsorption capacity to particle of the present invention, for example calcines.The calcining be meant with solid be heated to be lower than its fusing point temperature so that crystal structure is changed into specific forms.The particle of calcining can be dried or remain on dry state, produces active particle, and water is attracted on the particle else if, and particle can part or almost whole inactivation.In one embodiment, particle of the present invention can be do, pulpous state or colloidal state.Particle size can change according to final use, and excursion is as known in the art, for example colloid, microcosmic or macroscopic view.In order to be easy to mix and extruding, particle before agglomeration preferred size less than 20 microns.

Being used for bonding individual particle is as known in the art or as described herein with the adhesive of the particle that forms agglomeration.In a preferred embodiment, adhesive can also be used as adsorbent and/or catalyst.A kind of preferred adhesive that is used for the particle of agglomeration is colloidal alumina or colloidal silica.At about 450 ℃, colloidal alumina is through phase transformation stage and self-crosslinking.If colloidal silica is by fully dry except that anhydrating, it is with regard to self-crosslinking.Preferred all about 20wt%-about 99% of mixtures are colloidal alumina or colloidal silica, and this is to provide essential crosslinked in order in heating process the particle of agglomeration to be bonded into water-fast particle.Then, particle can withstand to be exposed to for a long time in the various water and not degrade.

In one embodiment, make the particle of agglomeration by colloid mixture aluminium oxide and absorbent particles.Typically, about 20%-of the weight of mixture about 99% is a colloidal alumina.Solution of granulate mixture and acid solution such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, boric acid, acetate, formic acid, phosphoric acid and composition thereof mixes then.In one embodiment, acid is 5% salpeter solution.Colloidal alumina, absorbent particles and acid solution fully mix to produce the homogeneous mixture of all the components.Add other acid solution and further mix, reach the suitable denseness that is suitable for agglomeration up to mixture.After agglomeration was finished, the particle of agglomeration was heated at least 450 ℃ so that colloidal alumina takes place crosslinked.

Source and/or the method for making the raw material that is used as various absorbent particles of the present invention are easy to get, and are known to those skilled in the art.

In order to be interpreted as making the used method of particle of one embodiment of the invention, carry out with reference to Fig. 1.The equipment of this embodiment is commonly referred to as 10.Want processed granule materials or destination media 20 to be placed on the earth-free target plate 22 in the chamber 11.In one embodiment, can transport target plate and particle be carried out more effective processing so that energy beam to be provided.Chamber 11 is preferably made by insulating materials.Chamber 11 is by 12 sealings of compressive plate lock door, and this has the ability of the high compression ratio of anti-malleation and negative pressure.With Pressure gauge 18 monitoring pressures.With vavuum pump 19 at indoor generation vacuum state to extract the air that is included in this indoor effective dose at first out.Air can be transplanted step to oxygen and be harmful to, and this is because it has reduced the functioning efficiency of energy beam to particle.The air of extracting effective dose out is meant removes enough air, makes energy beam have the ability to strengthen the catalytic performance of absorption and/or catalytic performance and/or generation particle.Typically use vavuum pump 19 11 to extract air as much as possible out so that the efficient of energy beam is maximum and allow to use the lower energy beam of energy from the chamber.Use inert gas through high pressure injector 17 chamber to be boosted to atmospheric pressure at least from cylindrical shell 13.In one embodiment, gauge pressure (superatmospheric pressure) is 1-5000psi.Typical gauge pressure can be at least about 20psi to prevent arcing (avcing).

Inert gas be typically any for the chemical reaction of absorbent particles and the degraded of absorbent particles be inert gasses, and this gas does not hinder the efficient of energy beam when transplanting oxygen.Typical inert gas comprises rare gas such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.

The energy injector 15 of the energy through being positioned at the energy 14 ends aimed at and is contained in indoor particle.The described energy can have any high energy, and this energy can force oxygen to enter particle and/or add excessive electric charge and give particle.A kind of typically ion machine of the energy.This machine concentrated ion or electron beam such as wide beam ion gun or wide beam photoionization device.In a specific embodiment, the energy can be the wide beam ion gun.This energy is by Commonwealth, Alexandria, and Virginia, U.S.A. makes, and the maximum output of 25eV is arranged.The energy 14 utilizes power supply 21.In a specific example approach, power supply can be a Commonwealth IBS-250 high voltage source, and this power supply rated voltage has the straighforward operation ability up to 1500V.In addition, energy beam makes the inert gas ionization that becomes.Introduce the catalytic performance that the indoor quantity of electric charge is enough to strengthen the absorption and/or the catalytic performance of particle and/or produces particle.In one embodiment, use the electron beam of 15-20eV, but can use littler or more substantial energy.In case obtain suitable electric charge through time enough, the energy is switched off.Described time enough can be very short, approximately less than 1 second to about 10 seconds, but the longer time be harmless.Then, reduce constant pressure by relief valve 16.

Although do not wish to be subjected to the restriction of any theory, can set up such theory, energy beam makes the antozone that is present on the particle surface be pulled under the particle surface, it combines with the compact internal structure of particle then.For crystal grain, oxygen is combined closely in lattice.Antozone derives from oxygen, and described oxygen or derives from air in the lip-deep residual water of particle on the outer surface of the lattice of particle.This increases the absorption and/or the catalysis characteristics of particle and can produce catalytic performance, comprises the room temperature catalytic capability of particle.In addition, theory shows the advantageous property of particle of the present invention from energy beam, and this energy beam adds electric charge or increases electric charge to particle.

In another embodiment, in above-mentioned energy beam method, after air is removed from the chamber, add inert gas and make constant pressure become high pressure.Typical gauge pressure can be 100psi approximately at least, more preferably 1000psi at least, further preferred 5000psi at least.If chamber 15 has sufficiently high pressure nominal value, can use higher pressure.High pressure or compression keep one section time enough to increase the density of particle.Residual air is extracted out from container, removes any residual air by this from the particle that expands, until keeping constant compression force.Typically, it is enough continuing about 10 minutes high pressure., by after the energy is disconnected at the energy, through relief valve 16 constant pressure is descended then by time enough in the above-mentioned introducing chamber.What is called preferably is meant about 3 seconds apace.This increases the surface area of particle.

Although do not wish bound by theory, can set up such theory, along with the quick release of chamber pressure, the content of chamber expands simultaneously, but the speed of expansion difference.The inert gas of charged (charged) expands with the speed more faster than granular material, and this is owing to the density contrast between two kinds of materials.Because the difference of speed of expansion, the inert gas rapid movement of being packed into also penetrates or exposes and enter and pass through particle.This quantity that penetrates the pore structure that has changed particle apace and increased the hole.Increase the surface area of particle greatly by this, increase total adsorption capacity of particle.According to used particle, the BET surface area can increase at least 1%, and more preferably at least 5%, further preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, further preferably at least 30%.More low-density particle such as active carbon can be realized the bigger increase of surface area.

Constant pressure and energy fluence be can change and specific physics and chemical requirement for specific particle final use satisfied to produce different effects.Change the ability that pressure and energy fluence parameter can change the specific pollutant of particle absorption.

In another embodiment of the invention, can only implement the surface area increase aspect of this method and noenergy bundle aspect.In this embodiment, inert gas only need to particle be inertia and the influence of energy beam is needed not to be inertia.Like this, can also using gases such as air and CO in this embodiment ₂

In another embodiment, can only implement the energy beam aspect and not have surface area increase aspect.In this embodiment, energy beam is directly aimed at particle to transplant intragranular oxygen.This can carry out with above-described batch process or Semi-batch Process or continuity method.In Semi-batch Process, particle moves to indoor automatically, and indoor they are processed and remove from indoor automatically at this.In continuity method, according to an embodiment, particle is provided on the belt system.Inert gas replaces the air of particle peripheral region, so that come for energy beam provides suitable path, described energy beam is provided with along the side or the top of belt system.Energy beam continuously emission or when particle when belt system reaches a certain location, energy beam begins to launch.In the change scheme of these embodiments of the present invention, air intermittently or in the Semi-batch Process remove and with the inert gas replacement step and in continuation method the step with the inert gas replacement air can avoid by the energy that uses high level, the described energy makes air not hinder oxygen to pass the surface of particle.In another embodiment of continuation method, particle filters through mesh screen, it basically ionization so that the oxygen on the particle passes particle.

The feature of particle of the present invention is the oxygen that recruitment is arranged on the surface of particle at least.The oxygen amount of this increase is higher than the stoichiometric oxygen estimated in the particle and the total amount of the oxygen found as the residual oxygen on the particle surface.The particle that oxygen is transplanted is compared the ratio that at least 1.1 times oxygen atom percentage and non-oxygen atom percentage are arranged in its surface with the particle that initial non-oxygen is transplanted, wherein surface characteristic is measured by a kind of x-ray photoelectron power spectrum (XPS or ESCA) spectrometer, and it is a kind of device that well known to a person skilled in the art.More preferably, the oxygen of this particle rises in value 1.5 times than at least, and more preferably the oxygen of particle rises in value 2 times than at least, and more preferably the oxygen of particle rises in value 4 times than at least, and more preferably the oxygen of particle is than rising in value 6 times at least.

Particle of the present invention can be used to well known to a person skilled in the art that any absorption and/or catalytic field are better than the result of the particle of prior art with acquisition.In addition, particle of the present invention can be used to former various absorption and/or the catalytic field that had not related to.In one embodiment, particle is used to the enhancement of environment field.In this embodiment, particle can be used to remove pollutant such as heavy metal, organic matter comprises such as but not limited to chlorination organic matter and volatile organic matter, inorganic matter or its mixture.The instantiation of pollutant includes but not limited to acetone, microorganism, ammonia, benzene, carbon monoxide, chlorine, diox, ethanol, ethene.Formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl alcohol, MEK, carrene, nitrogen oxide, propylene, styrene, sulfur dioxide, toluene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, lead, iron, phosphate, selenium, cadmium, uranium, plutonium, radon, 1,2-two bromo-3-chloropropanes (DBCP), chromium, tobacco smoke (tobacco smoke) and kitchen smoke (cookingfumes).Particle of the present invention can be removed single pollutant or the multiple pollutant of planting from single source.

For the enhancement of environment field, particle of the present invention is typically and is put in the container, and described container for example is a filter.Contaminant stream enters with an end of container, the particle in the contacting container, and the logistics after purifying is discharged from the other end of container.The amount of the flow of contaminant stream and required granular materials can be determined by measuring required productivity by normal experiment by those skilled in the art.Pollutant and combination in the particle contact logistics and remove pollutant in the logistics.Particle can also remove some pollutant by the conversion reaction that the catalysis pollutant becomes other composition.In adsorbing domain, particle generally after after a while contaminated thing institute saturated, and must remove this particle from container and replace with fresh granules.Contaminant stream can be gas such as air or liquid such as water.

In adsorbing domain, particle of the present invention and pollutant bonding make particle and pollutant combine closely.This bonding makes it be difficult to remove pollutant from particle, makes waste product place public garbage bury place or as the raw material of building block (building block) process industry.Be adsorbed on dirt thing on the particle of the present invention with Toxic Chemical Leachate Permit well known in the art (TCLP) experimental measurement, this measurement shows to be had between particle of the present invention and pollutant at least and the same strong key of covalent bond.

Particle of the present invention has the ability of excellent absorption pollutant, and this is owing to the enhanced physical and the chemical property of particle.The comparable particle that does not strengthen of particle of the present invention adsorbs more substantial absorbate, and this is with the absorbent particles of per unit volume or weight.Particle of the present invention is unexpectedly removed the pollutant in the contaminants stream of various height and low concentration.The concentration that particle of the present invention also can reduce the pollutant in the logistics or be adsorbed material is to the lower absolute value that may reach than the particle that does not strengthen.In specific embodiment, but particle of the present invention can reduce in the logistics pollutant levels to being lower than detection level, and this is that the particle of prior art never reached in the past.

Particle of the present invention can also have the catalytic performance that newly adds.Particularly, the oxygen amount that increases in the particle matrix makes particle can be used as a kind of catalyst.For example, this particle have the catalytic alkylation compound decomposition ability and have catalysis CO, SOx or NOx to change into the ability of other composition, but even also catalysis under low-heat or room temperature.

The concrete whole purposes that the present invention estimates includes but not limited to reduce or remove the pollutant of specific field, for example is sewage treatment equipment.Sewage apparatus, urban water cleaning equipment, household water purifying system, stack effluents, vehicle exhaust, motor or motor emission, agricultural or house air cleaning system, Indoor Niton are removed system, rubbish leachate, manufacturing equipment chemical waste etc.

When adsorbent that sprays prior art with antiseptic such as active carbon, described adsorbent is easy to lose its absorption property.On the contrary, the absorption property of increase allows particle of the present invention to spray with antiseptic, still keeps the absorption property of particle simultaneously.In addition, do not resemble the particle of prior art, contact the adsorption capacity passivation that does not make particle of the present invention with water.Experiment

Proposing the following example and be to offering those of ordinary skills is full disclosure and the description of how making and estimating about claimed compounds here, and only plans explanation the present invention and not limiting the scope of the invention.Although make great efforts to make quantity to guarantee accurately (as amount, temperature etc.), should be taken into account some mistake and deviation.Except as otherwise noted, umber is a weight portion, temperature with in ℃ expression or approximate room temperature, and pressure is or is similar to atmospheric pressure.Embodiment 1

Make various particles according to step of the present invention as described below.The step that is exemplified is used for preparing the particle that table 1 below is designated as 1a, and this groups of grains becomes 60%Al ₂O ₃, 20% carbon, 15% manganese dioxide and 5% cupric oxide.Used aluminium oxide is the gama-alumina of the calcining (550 ℃) that obtained by high density, low porosity pseudo-boehmite alumina or oxidation aluminium glue.This aluminium oxide carries out preliminary treatment to obtain desirable γ crystalline structure by being fired to 550 ℃.Used carbon is coconut palm base carbon in this particle, is designated as the coconut palm base carbon of Polynesian, and this carbon is available from CalgonCarbon Corporation.Owing in the manufacturing of this carbon, use coconut husk, there be very big surface area and micropore, this is favourable for the pollutant of removing in the gas stream.Four kinds of particles are admixed together according to dry weight with its suitable percentage by weight.They are mixed into a kind of uniform dry mixture.80% salpeter solution of 20 weight portions is added in the water of 80 weight portions.Acid solution slowly adds in the dried granulate mixture, obtains a kind of wet creamlike consistency up to mixture.This denseness makes mixture can be squeezed into required shape.With LCI type BTG ^The laboratory extruder pushes this mixture.After this mixture was extruded, extrudate was cut into the particle of about 1/16-1/8 inch, then under at least 450 ℃ temperature drying so that aluminium oxide is crosslinked.Particle is put on the interior unearthed target plate of vacuum/pressurized vessel.The door of this chamber is fastened, and makes constant pressure reduce to the negative pressure of two millitorrs from indoor extraction air.After reaching this pressure, add argon gas in this chamber and reach the inside gauge pressure of about 20psi.After reaching this pressure, energy-beam source activates into 15-20eV and is imposed on the particle of target area.Use Commonwealth wide beam ion gun.Amount and the density of the processing time of particle according to the material on the target changes.For this embodiment, use the inventories of 50 grams and with processing time of 10 seconds.Processing time also changes according to the power output and the internal pressure in the chamber of energy-beam source.After 10 seconds, ion gun and the chamber is evacuated to atmospheric pressure breaks.From the chamber, remove sample then.

Make particle 1b to 1ac similarly according to above-mentioned embodiment about 1a, different is concrete composition is by shown in the table 1.The carbon that is used to be designated as the aqueous particulate of 1v and 1w is coal-based carbon.This coal-based carbon is bought from Calgon Carbon Corporation, and this carbon is WHP level carbon.The concrete aluminium oxide that is used for particle 1b to 1ac with on to regard to particle 1a described identical, be a kind of gama-alumina of calcining.Below in the table 1 other listed composition be known and be to obtain easily to those skilled in the art.

Below listed the composition of the various particles of making according to the step of the invention described above in the table 1 and with embodiment 2 and 3 pollutants of testing.In table 1-3, use identical particle Mk system.

Table 1
Table 1				The particle mark	Form ¹(heavy %)	Pollutant
Airborne	In the water					Pollutant
Airborne	In the water	????1a	?60％Al ₂O ₃, 20% carbon, 15%MnO ₂，5％CuO			Acetone
????1b	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1a	?60％Al ₂O ₃, 20% carbon, 15%MnO ₂，5％CuO	Ammonia		Acetone
????1b	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1c	?50％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 10%SiO ₂	Ammonia		Benzene
????1d	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％V ₂O ₅， ?20％MnO ₂，10％TiO ₂	????1c	?50％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 10%SiO ₂	Carbon monoxide		Benzene
????1d	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％V ₂O ₅， ?20％MnO ₂，10％TiO ₂	????1e	?100％Al ₂O ₃	Carbon monoxide		Chlorine
????1f	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1e	?100％Al ₂O ₃	1, the 4-diox		Chlorine
????1f	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1g	?100％Al ₂O ₃	1, the 4-diox		Ethanol
????1h	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1g	?100％Al ₂O ₃	Formaldehyde		Ethanol
????1h	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1i	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％MnO ₂， ?20％V ₂O ₅, 5% zeolite, 5%Fe ₂O ₃	Formaldehyde		Hydrogen cyanide
????1j	?30％Al ₂O ₃，50％MnO ₂, 5% carbon, 5%SiO ₂， ?10％ZnO	????1i	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％MnO ₂， ?20％V ₂O ₅, 5% zeolite, 5%Fe ₂O ₃	Hydrogen sulfide		Hydrogen cyanide
????1j	?30％Al ₂O ₃，50％MnO ₂, 5% carbon, 5%SiO ₂， ?10％ZnO	????1k	?90％Al ₂O ₃, 10% carbon,	Hydrogen sulfide		Methyl alcohol
????1l	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1k	?90％Al ₂O ₃, 10% carbon,	MEK		Methyl alcohol
????1l	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1m	?40％Al ₂O ₃，20％MnO ₂， ?10％CuO，30％V ₂O ₅	MEK		Carrene
????1n	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％V ₂O ₅， ?20％MnO ₂，10％TiO ₂	????1m	?40％Al ₂O ₃，20％MnO ₂， ?10％CuO，30％V ₂O ₅	Nitrogen oxide		Carrene
????1n	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％V ₂O ₅， ?20％MnO ₂，10％TiO ₂	????1o	?30％Al ₂O ₃, 70% carbon	Nitrogen oxide		Propylene
????1p	?30％Al ₂O ₃, 70% carbon	????1o	?30％Al ₂O ₃, 70% carbon	Styrene		Propylene
????1p	?30％Al ₂O ₃, 70% carbon	????1q	?100％Al ₂O ₃	Styrene		Sulfur dioxide
????1r	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％MnO ₂, 30% carbon	????1q	?100％Al ₂O ₃	Toluene		Sulfur dioxide
????1r	?40％Al ₂O ₃，30％MnO ₂, 30% carbon	????1s	?30％Al ₂O ₃, 70% carbon	Toluene		Vinyl chloride

Table 1
Table 1				The particle mark	Form 1 (heavy %)	Pollutant
Airborne	In the water					Pollutant
Airborne	In the water	????1t	?100％Al ₂O ₃				Arsenic
????1u	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1t	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Cadmium		Arsenic
????1u	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1v	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂		Cadmium		Chlorine
????1w	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂	????1v	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂		????DBCP		Chlorine
????1w	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂	????1x	?100％Al ₂O ₃		????DBCP		Iron
????1y	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1x	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Plumbous		Iron
????1y	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1z	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Plumbous		Phosphate
????1aa	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂	????1z	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Radon		Phosphate
????1aa	?40％Al ₂O ₃, 40% carbon 20%SiO ₂	????1ab	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Radon		Selenium
????1ac	?100％Al ₂O ₃	????1ab	?100％Al ₂O ₃		Uranium		Selenium

¹Be used for the coconut palm based activated carbon of airborne pollutant and 1aa (radon) and be used for water pollutant

The coal-based activated carbon of 1v and 1w.Embodiment 2

The ability of removing airborne various compositions of the particle that makes in the test implementation example 1.Following carry out being summarized in the following table 2 pollutant in the air is tested.Used contamination sources is solvent vapo(u)r or bottled exhaust-gas mixture.Solvent vapour mixes by inject this system with syringe pump with humid air.The gas cylinder that use has needle-valve and flowmeter makes the gas cylinder effluent mix with humid air, described flowmeter or a kind of spinner flowmeter or a kind of mass flow controller.The humid air of 30% relative temperature and 25 ℃ with or solvent vapour or gas stream mix.Humid air is produced by flow-temperature-humidity Control Component, temperature, relative humidity and the flow of this assembly control humid air.Then with pollutant levels in the air in the infrared spectrum analyser measurement humid air.Behind the fluid infrared analysis, make sample enter shuttle.Shuttle is the test chamber of one three inch diameter, and this container holds 200 gram particulate samples in position with a glass plate.Behind the process particle, the pollutant in the effluent flows out shuttle.Pollutant levels with the outflow side of infrared spectrum analyser analysing particulates shuttle.Testing time is 10 minutes.Remove percentage with the calculating of (primary pollutant concentration-outflow pollutant levels)/primary pollutant concentration.

Below table 2 result is provided.

Table 2
Table 2					The particle mark	Pollutant in the air	Primary pollutant concentration (ppm)	Remove percentage	Flow ¹
????1a	Acetone	????750	????100	?40ft/min	The particle mark	Pollutant in the air	Primary pollutant concentration (ppm)	Remove percentage	Flow ¹
????1a	Acetone	????750	????100	?40ft/min	????1b	Ammonia	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1c	Benzene	????50	????100	?40ft/min	????1b	Ammonia	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1c	Benzene	????50	????100	?40ft/min	????1d	Carbon monoxide	????10000	????100	?40ft/min
????1e	Chlorine	????34	????100	?40ft/min	????1d	Carbon monoxide	????10000	????100	?40ft/min
????1e	Chlorine	????34	????100	?40ft/min	????1f	1, the 4-diox	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1g	Ethanol	????1000	????100	?40ft/min	????1f	1, the 4-diox	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1g	Ethanol	????1000	????100	?40ft/min	????1h	Formaldehyde	????10	????100	?40ft/min
????1i	Hydrogen cyanide	????20	????100	?40ft/min	????1h	Formaldehyde	????10	????100	?40ft/min
????1i	Hydrogen cyanide	????20	????100	?40ft/min	????1j	Hydrogen sulfide	????20	????100	?40ft/min
????1k	Methyl alcohol	????200	????100	?40ft/min	????1j	Hydrogen sulfide	????20	????100	?40ft/min
????1k	Methyl alcohol	????200	????100	?40ft/min	????1l	MEK	????1000	????100	?40ft/min
????1m	Carrene	????50	????100	?40ft/min	????1l	MEK	????1000	????100	?40ft/min
????1m	Carrene	????50	????100	?40ft/min	????1n	Nitrogen oxide	????100	????100	?40ft/min
????1o	Propylene	????700	????100	?40ft/min	????1n	Nitrogen oxide	????100	????100	?40ft/min
????1o	Propylene	????700	????100	?40ft/min	????1p	Styrene	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1q	Sulfur dioxide	????20	????100	?40ft/min	????1p	Styrene	????50	????100	?40ft/min
????1q	Sulfur dioxide	????20	????100	?40ft/min	????1r	Toluene	????100	????100	?40ft/min
????1s	Vinyl chloride	????20	????100	?40ft/min	????1r	Toluene	????100	????100	?40ft/min

¹The 55.51/min volume flow of 40ft/min speed.

In the table 2,, after finishing, test do not measure formaldehyde on the particle in the above for aldehyde test with particle 1h, and as shown in table 2, in flowing out logistics, do not measure formaldehyde.This particle 1h is as the catalyst of PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95), and it is believed that even at room temperature make formaldehyde resolve into CO ₂And water.This can further confirm by an independent test, and showing in this experiment that formaldehyde is removed from this system need be only more much longer as the time that adsorbent can be explained than particle.

Also can find out by top table 2, in the outflow system, not measure carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide.Because these two kinds of compositions generally are not adsorbed onto on the used this particle of this test, these particles are as CO and NO _XCatalyst.It is believed that CO changes into CO ₂And water, and NO _XChange into N ₂And O ₂It is believed that SO ₂The small part that is removed to be by with SO ₂Change into that the catalytic reaction of other composition carries out.Catalytic reaction unexpectedly even at room temperature realizes.Embodiment 3

The ability of removing the various compositions in anhydrating of the particle that test implementation example 1 is made.Experimental procedure is as follows.For the test of each pollutant, prepare 0.875 inch internal diameter, 5 glass columns of 12 inches long, each has the test grain bed volume of 95ml.Deionized water 6gpm/ft with 5 times of bed volumes ²Cross section flow (promptly about 95ml/min) pumping downwards wash each.Each flow of listing in the table 3 is every square feet a cross section flow.Prepare testing liquid for various water pollutants.With 10 times of bed volumes altogether is that the about 1 liter water pollutant testing liquid pump of each post is through each post.In each process of the test, the water pollutant testing liquid before entering glass column continuous stirring to keep uniform composition.In the tenth bed volume amount solution adition process, collect the effluent sample of each post and analyze concrete water pollutant.In addition, collect the single inflow sample of each test and analyze pollutant levels.

The results are shown in the following table 3 of these tests.

Table 3
Table 3						The particle label	Water pollutant	Inflow	Effluent	Flow	Detectable limit
????1t	Arsenic	2,890ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb	The particle label	Water pollutant	Inflow	Effluent	Flow	Detectable limit
????1t	Arsenic	2,890ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb	????1u	Cadmium	1,003ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb
????1v	Chlorine	263ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb	????1u	Cadmium	1,003ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb
????1v	Chlorine	263ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb	????1w	1,2-two-bromo-3-chloropropane	(sw)230.0μg/l (sw)210.0μg/l (gw)0.07μg/l	＜0.02μg/l ＜0.02μg/l ＜0.02μg/l	?5-6GPM ?5-6GPM ?5-6GPM	?0.02μg/l ?0.02μg/l ?0.02μg/l
????1x	Iron	1.15mg/l	＜0.03mg/l	?5-6GPM	?0.03μg/l	????1w	1,2-two-bromo-3-chloropropane	(sw)230.0μg/l (sw)210.0μg/l (gw)0.07μg/l	＜0.02μg/l ＜0.02μg/l ＜0.02μg/l	?5-6GPM ?5-6GPM ?5-6GPM	?0.02μg/l ?0.02μg/l ?0.02μg/l
????1x	Iron	1.15mg/l	＜0.03mg/l	?5-6GPM	?0.03μg/l	????1y	Plumbous	215ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb
????1z	Phosphate	40.45mg/l	?9.50mg/l	?5-6GPM	??N/A	????1y	Plumbous	215ppb	＜10ppb	?5-6GPM	??10ppb
????1z	Phosphate	40.45mg/l	?9.50mg/l	?5-6GPM	??N/A	????1aa	Radon	1,104.2pCi/l 911.6pCi/l	?303.2pCi/l ?306.1pCi/l	?5-6GPM	??N/A
????1ab	Selenium	1.45mg/l	＜0.003mg/l	?5-6GPM	?0.003mg/l	????1aa	Radon	1,104.2pCi/l 911.6pCi/l	?303.2pCi/l ?306.1pCi/l	?5-6GPM	??N/A
????1ab	Selenium	1.45mg/l	＜0.003mg/l	?5-6GPM	?0.003mg/l	????1ac	Uranium	50.5ppm	?0.08ppm	?5-6GPM	??N/A

The artificial water of sw=

Gw=underground water embodiment 4

Step according to top embodiment 1 prepares 100% coconut palm matrix activated carbon particle of the present invention.Use the surface composition of initial activated carbon granule of ESCA spectrometer analysis and the particle after the method with embodiment 1 prepares.Surface characteristic result is as follows.

Table 4
Table 4			Element	Initial activity charcoal particle (atom %)	Activated carbon granule of the present invention (atom %)
Carbon	????96.47	????61.65	Element	Initial activity charcoal particle (atom %)	Activated carbon granule of the present invention (atom %)
Carbon	????96.47	????61.65	Oxygen	????3.53	????16.37
Sodium		????0.59	Oxygen	????3.53	????16.37
Sodium		????0.59	Fluorine		????8.61
Potassium		????7.60	Fluorine		????8.61
Potassium		????7.60	Chlorine		????1.61
Sulphur		????0.86	Chlorine		????1.61
Sulphur		????0.86	Phosphorus		????0.55
Magnesium		????2.5	Phosphorus		????0.55

Like this, have an appointment oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.04 of primary particles, oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.27 and processed active carbon particle of the present invention is had an appointment increases to about 7 times of initial oxygen/carbon ratio.Use 100% aluminium oxide to carry out similar test according to the preparation of the method for embodiment 1.Oxygen/aluminum ratio increases initial untreated particle oxygen/aluminum ratio at least about 2 times.Embodiment 5

Should be used for carrying out the TCLP test at two kinds of different pollutant removals of the present invention.Method by embodiment 1 prepares particle and described particle is used for adsorbing the concrete pollutant of following table 5.According to the EPA test method, described particle will and roll the essential time with the acid solution washing especially.Then, measure the pollutant levels of from particle, removing.The results are shown in the following table 5.

Table 5
Table 5					Particle	Pollutant	EPA TCLP test method	TCLP pollutant (mg/l)	??PQL ¹
100％Al ₂O ₃	Plumbous	??1311/6010	????＜0.50	????0.50	Particle	Pollutant	EPA TCLP test method	TCLP pollutant (mg/l)	??PQL ¹
100％Al ₂O ₃	Plumbous	??1311/6010	????＜0.50	????0.50	?100％Al ₂O ₃	Phosphate	??1311/365.4	????＜0.1 ²	????0.1

¹PQL is the actual quantification limit value, and it is the EPA standard, and be different from minimum can

Detect limit value.

²TCLP measured value for phosphorus.Like this, particle of the present invention is as adsorbent the time and the tight bonding of pollutant.Embodiment 6

Fixed bed reactors are equipped with the particle (40%Al of the embodiment 1 (d) of 158g, 9.4 cubic inches (2 inch diameters * 3 inch high) ₂O ₃, 30%V ₂O ₅, 20%MnO ₂, 10%TiO ₂).The mixture of airborne 101.8ppmNO and 1035ppmCO at room temperature is added in the fixed bed reactors with the speed of 35 standard cubic foots (SCFH) per hour.The effluent of fixed bed reactors is added in Horiba CLA-510SS NOx analyzer and the VIA-510CO analyzer.NO concentration reduces immediately, and 5 minutes (for the first time record measured value) reaches 5.4ppm and with reducing to the 4.0ppm (see figure 2) in 40 minutes continuously.CO concentration is fallen slowlyer, reduces to the 532ppm (see figure 3) in the time of 40 minutes.Test stopped after 40 minutes.CO concentration is still reducing in the time of 40 minutes, and in case has the further reaction time further to reduce.It is believed that particle of the present invention makes CO and NO catalysis degradation.

Some open source literatures have been quoted in this application.The full content of these documents is attached among the application as a reference to describe the technical situation relevant with the present invention in more detail.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that and to carry out various improvement and change to the present invention and can not depart from the scope and spirit of the present invention.Other embodiment of the present invention is conspicuous according to specification of the present invention disclosed herein and enforcement for a person skilled in the art.This specification and embodiment are illustrative, and true scope of the present invention and essence are indicated by claim.

Claims

1. the catalysed particulate of adsorbent that is used to make enhancing and/or enhancing and/or be used to make the method for catalysed particulate, this method comprises the following steps:

(a) remove the air of effective dose from the chamber of sealing that adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate are housed, wherein resulting constant pressure is less than 1 atmospheric pressure;

(b) with inert gas constant pressure is raised at least 1 atmospheric pressure;

(c) make particle contact one section time enough with energy beam with absorption and/or catalytic performance that strengthens particle and/or the catalytic performance that produces particle with enough energy.

2. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle comprises a kind of oxide particle or active carbon.

3. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle comprises the oxide or the active carbon of a kind of metal oxide, a kind of silicon.

4. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle comprises aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, cupric oxide, vanadic anhydride, silica, manganese dioxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, active carbon or zeolite.

5. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle comprises aluminium oxide.

6. the method for claim 5 further comprises a kind of second particle, and described second particle is titanium dioxide, cupric oxide, vanadic anhydride, silica, manganese dioxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, active carbon or zeolite.

7. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle comprises aluminium oxide and active carbon.

8. the method for claim 7, wherein this particle further comprises silica, and wherein active carbon is coal-based and the mixture coconut palm matrix activated carbon.

9. the process of claim 1 wherein that this particle is the agglomerate than granule and adhesive.

10. the method for claim 9, wherein smaller particles has different component types.

11. the chamber gauge pressure of the step of the process of claim 1 wherein (b) is 1psi-5000psi.

12. the chamber gauge pressure of the step of the process of claim 1 wherein (b) is 100psi at least, and comprises further that after step (c) constant pressure reduces the step with the surface area that increases particle fast.

13. the method for claim 12, wherein the chamber gauge pressure of step (b) is 5000psi at least.

14. the process of claim 1 wherein that inert gas is an argon gas.

15. the process of claim 1 wherein that energy beam is ion or electron beam.

16. the process of claim 1 wherein that this method makes a kind of room temperature catalysed particulate.

17. the catalysed particulate of adsorbent that is used to make enhancing and/or enhancing and/or be used to make the method for catalysed particulate, this method comprise oxygen is implanted in adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate.

18. the method for claim 17, wherein this method is made the room temperature catalysed particulate.

19. the method for claim 17, also being included on this particle increases electric charge.

20. the particle of making according to the method for claim 1.

21. the particle of making according to the method for claim 4.

22. the particle of making according to the method for claim 5.

23. the particle of making according to the method for claim 6.

24. the particle of making according to the method for claim 12.

25. the particle of making according to the method for claim 17.

26. the catalysed particulate of enhanced absorption agent and/or enhancing and/or catalysed particulate, this particle comprises a kind of absorbent particles, this particle is processed so that excessive oxygen to be provided, this oxygen is implanted on the surface of particle at least, forms the adsorbent of enhancing and/or the catalysed particulate and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing by this.

27. the transplanting of claim 26 particle of oxygen, the particle of wherein having transplanted oxygen is at the ratio of the percentage of the surperficial oxygen atom percentage of particle and non-oxygen atom, comparing with the initial particle of not transplanting oxygen, is at least 1.5 times, and this surface characteristic is measured by the ESCA spectrometer.

28. the transplanting of claim 26 particle of oxygen, wherein this particle comprises activated carbon, and the ratio of oxygen and carbon of having transplanted the carbon of oxygen compares with the carbon that the first beginning and end are transplanted oxygen, is at least 6 times.

29. the transplanting of claim 26 particle of oxygen, wherein this particle comprises aluminium oxide, and the ratio of oxygen and aluminium of having transplanted the aluminium oxide of oxygen compares with the aluminium oxide that the first beginning and end are transplanted oxygen, is at least 2 times.

30. be used for bonding adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate adhesive with the particle of manufacturing agglomeration, this adhesive comprises colloidal alumina and acid.

31. the adhesive of claim 30, wherein said acid is nitric acid.

32. be used for the method for bonding adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate, this method may further comprise the steps:

(a) colloidal alumina is mixed with particle and a kind of acid;

(b) this mixture is stirred; With

33. the method for claim 32, wherein this colloidal alumina account for mixture weight 20% to 99%.

34. the method for claim 32, wherein said acid is nitric acid.

35. a method that reduces or eliminates the amount of the pollutant in liquid or the gas stream, this method comprise that the particle that makes claim 20 contacts time enough to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant in the logistics with pollutant in this logistics.

36. the method for claim 35, wherein this material flow is a liquid.

37. the method for claim 35, wherein this material flow is a water.

38. the method for claim 35, wherein this material flow is a gas.

39. the method for claim 35, wherein this material flow is an air.

40. the method for claim 35, wherein this pollutant is an organic compound.

41. the method for claim 35, wherein this pollutant is a heavy metal.

42. the method for claim 35, wherein this pollutant is carbon monoxide or nitrogen or sulfur oxide.

43. the method for claim 35, wherein this pollutant is acetone, ammonia, benzene, carbon monoxide, chlorine, 1,4-diox, ethanol, ethene, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl alcohol, Methylethyl, ketone, carrene, nitrogen oxide, propylene, styrene, sulfur dioxide, toluene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, calcium, chlorine, DBCP, iron, lead, phosphate, radon, selenium, uranium.

44. one kind is adsorbed onto method on the absorbent particles with the pollutant in liquid or the gas stream, this method comprises that the particle that makes claim 20 contacts one section time enough with the absorption pollutant with pollutant in the logistics.

45. the method for a catalytic hydrocarbon degraded, this method comprises makes hydrocarbon contact the degraded of time enough with catalytic hydrocarbon with the particle of claim 20.

46. the method for claim 45, wherein this catalytic reaction is at room temperature carried out.

47. method that from gaseous stream, reduces or eliminates the amount of pollutant by catalysis, this method comprises that the particle that makes claim 20 contacts the amount that time enough reduces or eliminates pollutant with the gaseous stream that contains pollutant, this pollutant comprises nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, or their mixture.

48. the method for claim 47, wherein catalytic reaction is at room temperature carried out.

49. the method for claim 47, wherein this pollutant comprises nitrogen oxide or carbon monoxide.

50. adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing and/or the equipment of manufacturing catalysed particulate that is used to make enhancing, this equipment comprises:

51. the device of claim 50, wherein the energy beam device produces ion or electron beam.

52. a method that is used to increase the surface area of adsorbent and/or catalysed particulate, this method comprises the following steps:

(b) constant pressure is reduced fast and increase the surface area of particle with this.

53. the method for claim 52, the pressure at least 5 in step (a) wherein, 000psi.

54. the method for claim 52, wherein this surface area increase at least 20%.

55. adsorbent and/or the catalysed particulate of enhancing and/or the method for manufacturing catalysed particulate of making enhancing, this method comprises the following steps:

56. the method for claim 55, wherein this method is continuous.