CN1188244A - Liquid crystal display of horizontal field type - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display of horizontal field type Download PDFInfo
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- CN1188244A CN1188244A CN97113223A CN97113223A CN1188244A CN 1188244 A CN1188244 A CN 1188244A CN 97113223 A CN97113223 A CN 97113223A CN 97113223 A CN97113223 A CN 97113223A CN 1188244 A CN1188244 A CN 1188244A
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Abstract
A liquid crystal display element has: a pair of substrates facing each other; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; a unit for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the electric field being substantially parallel to surfaces of the pair of substrates; and an alignment structure that an interface of one of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is not subjected to a positive alignment process and an interface of the other of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is subjected to the positive alignment process, wherein the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is changed between directions both parallel to the surfaces of the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal display element of the horizontal electric field driving type is provided which is free of element deteriorations and breakages even under rubbing, excellent in the viewing angle characteristics and response characteristics, and can be driven at a low voltage.
Description
The application is the Japanese patent application HE1-8-110705 on May 1st, 1996 based on the applying date, quotes its full content in this reference.
The present invention relates to a kind of liquid crystal display cells and manufacturing thereof, specifically, relate to a kind of liquid crystal display cells and manufacturing thereof, the arrangement of its liquid crystal molecule (or orientation) direction is to be controlled by a horizontal component of electric field that is parallel to substrate surface.
TN (distortion to row) type liquid crystal cell and STN (supertwist to row) type liquid crystal cell is used for liquid crystal display device at present.These TN type liquid crystal cells all adopt a kind of like this display mode, when its direction of orientation applied the electric field of vertical direction at the thickness direction (perpendicular to substrate surface) along liquid crystal cell, the state of the liquid crystal molecule that is provided with on along continuous straight runs changed to (acclivitous) molecular state that promotes along predetermined direction.The user of a liquid crystal cell adopts such display mode to observe the first half of liquid crystal molecule or the direction of observation (angle) that latter half depends on display screen.Therefore, great changes have taken place along different direction of observation hysteresis, so the viewing angle characteristic is bad, for example low contrast and color change.
In order to improve performance, the orientation that has proposed liquid crystal molecule is by horizontal direction electric field (being parallel to substrate surface) but not the method for vertical direction electric field controls.
One in these methods is disclosed, for example, by M.oh-e, M.Ohta, S.Aratani, and K, " using the principle and the characteristic of the electrooptics behavior of Transfer Mode in the plane " that Kondo delivers on the 577th page of the IDRC of nineteen ninety-five minutes (Asia Display), and by M.Ohta, the paper that M.Oh-e and K.Kondo deliver on 707 pages of IDRC minutes (Asia Display) in 1991 is here with reference to having quoted them.
According to the method that discloses in previous file, shown in Fig. 2 B, the orientation of liquid crystal 12 changes by the electric field E that the pair of electrodes 13 that is provided with on a side of substrate 11 is applied on the horizontal direction.The single shaft of the liquid crystal molecule of representing in Fig. 2 A enters analyzer 15 by the linearly polarized photon that polaroid 14 enters box body by liquid crystal layer in ordered state.Because the polarization direction of analyzer 15 is vertical with linear polarization direction of light by box body, so box body is in a light interception state.
If applied a horizontal direction electric field E, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of the middle part on the thickness direction of liquid crystal cell changes entirely.The liquid crystal molecule that contacts with substrate seldom can change their orientation owing to the powerful dipole-dipole force of substrate.When having applied horizontal direction electric field E, orientation is changed to as the state after applying horizontal component of electric field (be liquid crystal molecule 12 along depth direction in the distortion of the middle part of box body) by (not applying horizontal component of electric field) state (being that liquid crystal molecule 12 is arranged in the direction of the direction upper edge of whole thickness single shaft) shown in Fig. 2 A.
Drive in state at the liquid crystal shown in Fig. 2 B, enter box body and the linear polarization by liquid crystal layer becomes oval-shaped polarized light with light by the polarizer 14.The light that meets with the polarization direction of analyzer 15 can pass through, and box body becomes light transmission state.
During the horizontal component of electric field driving method of use shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B, can demonstrate is that the very image of wide observation angle characteristic is arranged, yet, when adopting this display mode, transmittance is very poor with the sharp degree of the light of the change in voltage that applies, and therefore wishes will use active component when using this pattern, as TFT.
A kind of so-called abrasive methods is arranged, promptly use cotton or analog along a middle method that the glass substrate of liquid crystal layer is arranged of direction friction, be widely used as forming reliably for liquid crystal molecule the method for an arrangement or orientation texture, the substrate of the liquid crystal cell of disclosed horizontal component of electric field type of drive too will be through friction in the above-mentioned file.
Friction can provide mechanical friction power, and this friction can produce static.When if substrate has by metal wire and active component such as TFT (thin film transistor (TFT)) and MIM (metal-insulator-metal) and friction substrate in its surface, the static charge that friction produces can be damaged these elements or metal wire and can reduce electrology characteristic.
The substrate surface that is formed by the element such as TFT and MIM is very irregular, and is difficult to obtain uniform orientation process.
Further be that the vertical electric field driving method is different with the horizontal component of electric field driving method, the horizontal component of electric field driving method does not need to make the liquid crystal molecule pre-tilt.And, in the demonstration that need not just can obtain under the situation of pre-tilt higher contrast.Yet orientation process can make the liquid crystal molecule pre-tilt usually as rubbing reliably.Need to adopt a kind of special aligning film material in order under no pre-tilt situation, to implement friction.
And then the horizontal component of electric field type of drive also can cause driving voltage (about 7V) and the slower response more higher relatively than general TN type liquid crystal display cells.
The purpose of this invention is to provide liquid crystal display cells and manufacture method thereof that a kind of horizontal component of electric field drives type, it can eliminate the damage and the fracture of element in the friction process, can operate under low-voltage, and have excellent view angle characteristic and response characteristic.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display cells that is provided comprises: a pair of substrate that faces one another; One is clipped in two liquid crystal layers between substrate; Liquid crystal layer is applied the device of electric field, and electric field and this substrate surface to substrate are substantially parallel; And, a kind of orientation texture, promptly with pair of substrate that liquid crystal layer contacts in one interface without undergoing reliable orientation process, and stand reliable orientation process with the interface of another substrate in the pair of substrate that liquid crystal layer contacts, wherein, the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer changes being parallel between this both direction to substrate.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of method that is fabricated at the liquid crystal display cells of the state of orientation of the direction of the substrate surface that is parallel to liquid crystal display cells control liquid crystal molecule is provided, comprise the following steps: to prepare a substrate that has the electrode that is used for applying horizontal component of electric field, and a film without undergoing reliable orientation process is arranged on the surface of substrate; Prepare one an orientation texture that stands to use the reliable orientation process of predetermined orientation pattern is arranged in its surface; Place box body of formation by face that two substrates are faced one another; And liquid crystal material is injected between two substrates of this box body, and liquid crystal material is changed to the liquid crystal phase state by the isotropic phase state come the aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
Figure 1A is the sectional view of a liquid crystal box body, represents the structure of a liquid crystal display cells according to an embodiment of the invention.Figure 1B is the synoptic diagram of an example of other orientation process of expression and an orientation pattern to 1D.
Fig. 2 A and 2B are the decomposition diagrams of a liquid crystal box body, and the operation of the liquid crystal display cells that traditional horizontal component of electric field is driving is described.
Use horizontal component of electric field according to an embodiment of the invention (being parallel to substrate surface) driving method, a reliable orientation process (friction) is not applied to above in the pair of substrate of the box body of forming a liquid crystal display cells one, but only is applied to above the another one substrate.
Two substrates (one carry out reliable orientation process and another do not carry out) place Face to face, and liquid crystal material are injected in this empty box body.Liquid crystal material is injected into when being heated in an isotropic phase state, or injects when a liquid crystal phase (nematic phase).If it is to inject when liquid crystal phase.Liquid crystal after the injection is heated and makes these materials be in a kind of isotropic liquid condition, that is to say at isotropic phase.
In these two kinds of method for implanting, the liquid crystal material that is in isotropic phase is cooled off gradually and makes it change into mesomorphic state mutually, that is to say, enters liquid crystal phase to arrange liquid crystal molecule.In this orientation process, at liquid crystal layer with stand the orientation that interface one side between the substrate of reliable orientation process (friction) is regulated liquid crystal molecule.The orientation of liquid crystal molecule passes to other liquid crystal molecules in the box body on the interface of the substrate that stands reliable orientation process, and is subjected to too being orientated in the influence of the liquid crystal molecule of the middle part of box body orientation without undergoing the liquid crystal molecule on the interface of the substrate of reliable orientation process in another one.About this method for implanting, can be with reference to the USP5 that delivers Dec 19 nineteen ninety-five, 477,356, here with reference to having quoted this patent.
In a manner described, even have such as the substrate of the active component of TFT and MIM and electrode, still can be oriented near the liquid crystal box body of this substrate without undergoing reliable orientation process such as friction etc.There is not the substrate of friction not carry out pre-tilt.Even one of them substrate has carried out such as the reliable orientation process of friction etc. and pre-tilt is arranged, the average pre-tilt of whole box body is half of general pre-dumping gradient.
Liquid crystal layer and do not stand orientation that the interface of the substrate of reliable orientation process has and regulate the orientation that power (surface energy) is weaker than the substrate that stands reliable orientation process and regulate power.Thereby if the electrode that applies horizontal component of electric field is installed on this substrate that does not stand reliable orientation process, its response characteristic can improve and driving voltage can be lowered.
Reliable orientation process is not limited to friction, and other process also can be used equally, and for example, as shown in Figure 1B, the alignment films of an optics (as a polarization memory film) can be used as alignment films 3, and polarized light 21 can be applied on the optical orientation film.Also having a selection is exactly shown in Fig. 1 C, and an optical orientation film can be used as alignment films 3, and nonpolarized light 22 can be applied on the optical orientation film with being tilted.
With reference to Figure 1A the special construction of a liquid crystal display cells and manufacture method according to this embodiment of the invention thereof are described.
On the surface of a glass substrate 1, form color filter 2.On these color filters 2, form an alignment films 3.In order to obtain an orientation uniformly in the predetermined direction in the whole regional upper edge of this substrate, on alignment films 3, will finish the process that once rubs or an optical orientation process.If a plurality of so-called a plurality of disclosed orientation area with a plurality of different orientations of formation shown in Fig. 1 D, a pair ofly be used for determining that the photoetching process and the friction process of each orientation area will repeat repeatedly, the number of times of repetition equals to have the number of the oriented region that separates of different directions of orientation.In addition, a selectable method is that polarized light is applied to an optical orientation film (as a PVC film) by a photomask and goes up needed number of times, changes the polarization direction of polarized light simultaneously.In a manner described, the surface of alignment films 3 is provided with orientation texture 3a.
If used the friction process, liquid crystal molecule will be with certain pre-tilt angle orientation.This pre-tilt angle can become very little by the material of suitably selecting alignment films 3.For example, if the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of the material of selecting can be located at lucky 0 ° to the pre-tilt angle so perpendicular to the friction direction.Can use poly-imines film, polystyrene film or the analog of low pre-tilt type.This optical orientation process does not produce pre-tilt in the ordinary course of things.
On the surface of another glass substrate 4, form active component 5 (as TFT), pixel capacitors 6 and be used for applying the counter-electrodes 7 of horizontal component of electric field.On these elements and electrode, form a dielectric film 8, and on film 8, formed an alignment films 9, film 9 is without undergoing orientation process.Although this figure is extended on thickness direction, the ratio of the distance between the electrode 6 and 7 and the gap of box body (thickness of liquid crystal layer) is much larger than 1, and liquid crystal layer has been applied in an electric field substantially parallel with substrate.
By making substrate 1 carry out a reliable orientation process, and substrate 4 does not carry out reliable orientation process, forms a predetermined gap between the two, forms the box body of a sky, thereby can be injected into the sylphon body to liquid crystal material.Inject an isotropic state or a nematic liquid crystal to the state of row.Also can adopt nematic liquid crystal and the potpourri that causes the chiral reagent of distortion.If inject this liquid crystal cell at the state to row, liquid crystal material will be heated it is changed over isotropic state.Cooled off gradually at the liquid crystal material of isotropic state and to change it to mesomorphic state and come influence aligned liquid-crystal molecule 10 on predetermined direction by the substrate that uses the experience orientation process.
When a voltage be applied to pixel capacitors 6 and the pairing electrode 7 between the time, at the horizontal component of electric field that has produced in the box body shown in dashed lines among Figure 1A.
This relation of the liquid crystal display cells that the relation between the polarization direction of the direction of orientation of liquid crystal molecule and polaroid and analyzer and traditional horizontal component of electric field are driving is identical.
An example making above-mentioned liquid crystal display cells will be described below.
When the alignment films on the substrate 13 will stand an orientation process, use the polyimide film (by the SE-510 of Nissan Kagaku Kogyo manufacturing) of a low pre-tilt type, and rub.Form a film 9 that has weak orientation adjusting power on without undergoing the substrate 4 of orientation process, its surface can be 25dyn/cm.This film 9 is entirely without undergoing reliable orientation process, as friction.
In a sylphon body that produces by these two substrates are placed to a predetermined gap, (liquid crystal phase) injected by other injection method at ambient temperature, the used usually fluorine-containing potpourri to the liquid crystal material (NI point: 98 ℃) that is listed as without any chiral material.
State of orientation after the injection is observed, and examine the flow pattern orientation.This box body has been heated 30 minutes at 120 ℃.The interference of orientation has been eliminated in this thermal treatment, is orientated as flow pattern; On whole substrate surfaces of whole thickness of liquid crystal layer, obtain parallel-oriented uniformly along a direction without any defective.
Use this manufacture method, under the situation that need not form film on without undergoing the substrate of orientation process with special membrane material (for example polyimide of low pre-tilt type), just can pre-tilt angle be set to 0 °.
In the above-described embodiments, the nematic liquid crystal of mesomorphic state is injected in the sylphon body.Can inject nematic liquid crystal material under the isotropic phase state, also have in this case, the isotropic phase state is changed to the nematic phase state by cooling and comes the aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
Equally in the above-described embodiments, although friction is used as reliable orientation process, aforesaid optical orientation process also may be used.In this case, for example PVC film forms on a substrate that will stand orientation process.A branch of polarized light may shine on this film about tens seconds to be orientated this PVC film on the direction perpendicular to substrate.By making separately orientation of box body changing the polarization direction on each pixel or on each orientation area of each pixel, shown in Fig. 1 D.Electricity Jie anisotropy of the liquid crystal that injects may be positive or negative.In order to form a liquid crystal orientation film by optical radiation, as the polarization memory film, can be with reference to USP5,479,282 (deliver Dec 26 nineteen ninety-five), USP5,576,862 (on November 9th, 1996 delivered), and U.S. Patent application 08/387,170 (asking in February 13 nineteen ninety-five) is here with reference to having quoted them.
One of them substrate is without undergoing the reliable orientation process as friction.Thereby, if active component (as TFT and MIM) and electrode and analog form on this substrate, because puncture that static charge causes and fracture all can be avoided.
Further be,, still uniform orientation may occur even this substrate surface that has electrode and active component is irregular because liquid crystal molecule can be orientated under the situation that one of them substrate is not applied reliable orientation process.
This substrate without undergoing orientation process does not produce pre-tilt under the situation of not using the particular orientation film.Even standing to produce pre-tilt on the substrate of reliable orientation process, the average pre-tilt of whole box body is about half of common pre-dumping gradient.Thereby contrast and view angle characteristic can be improved.
Press the horizontal component of electric field type of drive, greatly influencing display characteristic without undergoing on-chip pre-tilt angle orientation process and that be formed with electrode.Thereby 0 ° pre-tilt angle has sizable effect, as has improved contrast.
Can easily on substrate, use comparatively speaking at the material that is difficult to use owing to orientation characteristic issues and similar problem traditionally without undergoing orientation process.For example, a polyimide film has lower surface energy, and PVA film, PVC film and some other similar film have weak orientation to regulate power and the low stability of the state of orientation that provided by friction or other similar approach.Elastic energy decision at the liquid crystal of the state of orientation that provides by the substrate that stands orientation process without undergoing the on-chip state of orientation of orientation process that electrode is arranged.Thereby the film that has the material of weak orientation adjusting power can form on the substrate without undergoing orientation process.
If a film that has weak orientation adjusting power forms on the substrate without undergoing reliable orientation process, even also be easy to move by horizontal component of electric field near the liquid crystal molecule of substrate interface.Thereby the traditional box body of threshold ratio is much smaller, so operating voltage also may be lowered, perhaps having improved the response of rising.For example, when a polyimide film that has the surface energy of about 25dyn/cm formed on the substrate without undergoing orientation process, operating voltage may be lowered to 6V.
Just as illustrational, the present invention has more than and is confined to the above embodiments for material in the foregoing description and numerical value.Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes based on foregoing description.
Technology of the present invention not only is applicable to liquid crystal display cells, also can be used on the miscellaneous equipment and parts relevant with liquid crystal.
Claims (17)
1, a kind of liquid crystal display cells comprises:
The a pair of substrate that faces one another;
A liquid crystal layer is clipped in the middle of the pair of substrate;
As the device on to liquid crystal layer, this electric field and pair of substrate surface are substantially parallel an electric field; And
The interface of a substrate in the pair of substrate that orientation texture and liquid crystal layer join is without undergoing reliable orientation process, and reliable orientation process is stood at the interface of another substrate in the pair of substrate of joining with liquid crystal layer;
Wherein, the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer changes between two directions that are parallel to the pair of substrate surface.
2, as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1, wherein said orientation texture does not make said liquid crystal layer pre-tilt basically.
3, as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1, wherein the said orientation texture of the another one substrate that stands reliable orientation process in the pair of substrate has a plurality of orientation area that have different orientation.
Form on the interface of the liquid crystal layer in pair of substrate one of 4, a kind of liquid crystal display cells as claimed in claim 1, one of them polyimide film.
5,, form on the interface of the liquid crystal layer of the substrate of one of them polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PVA) film in pair of substrate as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1.
6, as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1, one of them PVC film in pair of substrate substrate and the interface of liquid crystal layer on form.
7, as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1, wherein another substrate in the pair of substrate does not form the electrode that is used for applying electric field.
8, as the said a kind of liquid crystal display cells of claim 1, wherein a substrate in the pair of substrate forms the electrode that is used for applying electric field.
9, a kind of manufacturing is used for being controlled at the method for liquid crystal display cells of the state of orientation of the liquid crystal molecule on the direction of the substrate surface that is parallel to liquid crystal display cells, comprises the following steps:
Prepare a substrate that is used for applying the electrode of horizontal component of electric field, and the skim without undergoing reliable orientation process is arranged on substrate surface;
Prepare one an orientation texture that stands to use the reliable orientation process of predetermined orientation pattern is arranged in its surface;
Form a box body by two substrates being faced one another place;
And, liquid crystal material is injected between two substrates of this box body, and liquid crystal is changed to liquid crystal phase from isotropic phase comes the aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
10, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, wherein said injection and orientation step are injected liquid crystal material in liquid crystal phase, and liquid crystal material is heated to a temperature, and make liquid crystal molecule be in isotropic phase, cool off liquid crystal molecule subsequently gradually to change to liquid crystal phase and aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
11, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, the liquid crystal material that wherein said injection and orientation step are injected is heated to isotropic phase, cools off liquid crystal molecule then gradually and changes to liquid crystal phase and aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
12,, wherein realize reliable orientation process by friction as the said a kind of method of claim 9.
13, a kind of method as claimed in claim 12, wherein said preparation has the step of the orientation texture substrate that stands reliable orientation process in its surface, on substrate, form a polyimide film, this polyimide film can be on perpendicular to the friction direction aligned liquid-crystal molecule.
14, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, wherein this liquid crystal material does not add chiral material.
15, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, wherein this reliable orientation process forms an orientation texture, thereby does not make the liquid crystal molecule pre-tilt basically.
16, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, wherein this orientation texture comprises a polarization memory film, and this reliable orientation process is the process that applies a polarized light on the polarization memory film.
17, as the said a kind of method of claim 9, wherein this orientation texture comprises a polarization memory film, this reliable orientation process be one obliquely nonpolarized light be applied to process on the polarization memory film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97113223A CN1188244A (en) | 1996-05-01 | 1997-05-01 | Liquid crystal display of horizontal field type |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP110705/96 | 1996-05-01 | ||
| CN97113223A CN1188244A (en) | 1996-05-01 | 1997-05-01 | Liquid crystal display of horizontal field type |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1188244A true CN1188244A (en) | 1998-07-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN97113223A Pending CN1188244A (en) | 1996-05-01 | 1997-05-01 | Liquid crystal display of horizontal field type |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304893C (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2007-03-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Liquid crystal display device and its producing method |
| CN100345053C (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2007-10-24 | Lg.菲利浦Lcd株式会社 | Thin film transistor substrate using a horizontal electric field and fabricating method thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-05-01 CN CN97113223A patent/CN1188244A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304893C (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2007-03-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Liquid crystal display device and its producing method |
| CN100345053C (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2007-10-24 | Lg.菲利浦Lcd株式会社 | Thin film transistor substrate using a horizontal electric field and fabricating method thereof |
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