CN1187762A - Method of contraception - Google Patents

Abstract

Conception is prevented in male mammals by making an incision (11) in one wall of the vas deferens (10) near the epididymis and inserting a filament (20) into the vas deferens through the incision. The filament has a length at least about one-fourth the length of the vas deferens and an outside diameter about equal to the inside diameter of the vas deferens. It contains an enlargement (21-22-23) at one end and is made of a material inert to tissue. The filament is inserted into the vas deferens all the way to the enlargement. The incision remains open around the filament to permit sperm to escape from the vas deferens.

Description

Contraceptive device

Technical field

The present invention relates to contraception.More particularly, the present invention relates in the deferent duct of boar, place the contraceptive device of a filament.

Background technology

Mammal breeds by sexual intercourse.In the sexual intercourse process, the male vagina that its penis insertion is female also penetrates millions of sperms.If sperm and ovum (female ovum) fertilization then gestation take place.After the fertilization, the embryo plants in female uterus and germinates.Sperm many pipelines that in testis, produce and before leaving health, flow through.When leaving testis, the sperm epididymis of at first flowing through, it is the curling pipeline that is positioned at the testis lateral margin.The sperm deferent duct of flowing through then, it extends upwardly to the just position more than the prostate for the pipe with less tube chamber (inner passage) and thick muscular wall.Deferent duct contains a part of expanding at the position near seminal vesicle, is called ampulla.The Common Ducts that formed by the associating of deferent duct and seminal vesicle are called ejaculatory duct.Two ejaculatory ducts are opened on urethra.Urethra flow through penis total length and be opened on its top.Sperm continuously enters epididymis and enters deferent duct more by a small margin.In ejaculation therebetween, wriggling property muscle contraction forces sperm stream through deferent duct and urethra.

Sometimes it is essential stoping the gestation in the sexual intercourse process.In some domestic animals, people often want to control which buck and female fertilization.The mankind itself, a side or both sides may wish to stop gestation and conceived.The contraceptive device of current use has many kinds.Wherein a kind of effective method is to stop sperm stream through deferent duct.In a kind of surgical method that is called vasectomy (vasectomy), deferent duct is cut off, and remove a part, and two loose ends is closed.The method is comparatively safe and finish relatively easy.Unfortunately, vasectomy have one very important disadvantages-its Chang Buneng successfully replied.

Several not factors of reversibility of vasectomy that cause are arranged.At first, be difficult to reconnect deferential two incision tip.Next, deferential " downstream " partly (part that connects ejaculatory duct and urethra) is tending towards downright bad after experience a period of time.Interrupted owing to cut off with neural because supply deferential blood supply, so necrose.Deferential downright bad part can not be transported sperm and be difficult to and be repaired.The 3rd, deferential " upstream " partly (part that is connected with epididymis) also is tending towards downright bad after experience a period of time.This is downright bad because testis continuation generation sperm and sperm continue to flow to deferent duct and take place.Not outlet, pressure is at inner accumulation and expand and weaken deferent duct.Deferent duct finally breaks with the method that is similar to excessive expansible balloon.Disruptive deferent duct may be repaired hardly.

Manyly attempt to control the transvasoseminal utensil of sperm stream and be disclosed, but still lack reversibility in the vasectomy.A kind of in this utensil is thromboembolism (be also referred to as deferent duct in locking device), and it inserts deferent duct through otch.These thromboembolisms provide and need not to cut off fully deferential superiority.Unfortunately, thromboembolism has one of following two shortcomings: they or allow sperm by or they cause the fracture of deferential necrosis.

Braley, United States Patent (USP), No.3, on January 21st, 422,813,1969 is open; Brodie, United States Patent (USP), No.3, on March 14th, 648,683,1972 is open; And Bucalo, United States Patent (USP) .No.3, on April 15th, 877,461,1975 is open; Thromboembolism in the deferent duct is disclosed.Yet the deferent duct upstream pressure finally makes near the deferent duct the thromboembolism expand, and allows sperm to pass thromboembolism.As a result, these thromboembolisms not exclusively stop releasing of sperm in the ejaculation process.

The thromboembolism that has designed other specifically passes to stop the sperm that is caused by the deferent duct expansion.As an embodiment, Nuwayser, U.S. Patent No. 3,687, on August 29th, 129,1972, issue disclosed a kind of thromboembolism, and it has the ingrown fiber coat of the spermatic duct wall cell of permission.Other example comprises Lee, U.S. Patent No. 3,589, and on June 29th, 355,1971 is open; Denniston, Jr, United States Patent (USP) .No.4, on April 29th, 200,088,1980 is open; And Zaneveld, U.S. Patent No. 4,512, on April 23rd, 342,1985 is open.These three patent disclosures contain and stop the thromboembolism of deferent duct from the various features of thromboembolism inflated around.These thromboembolisms can successfully form a total barrier.Yet the pressure increase of thromboembolism upstream and deferent duct expand and finally break.

Valve and filter are that other type attempts to control sperm stream through deferent duct and apparatus in the deferent duct of reversibility still is provided.Bucalo, U.S. Patent No. 4,024, on May 24th, 855,1977 is open, discloses a kind of valve that cuts off liquid flow when closing fully.Bucalo, United States Patent (USP) .No.3, on November 16th, 991,743,1976 is open; And Bucalo, United States Patent (USP) .No.4, on March 22nd, 013,063,1977 is open; Disclose and linked deferent duct and retain sperm, but the filter that allows the other parts of liquid pass.These valves or filter neither one reach widely and use.It is believed that all these utensils block the very fast relatively fracture that also finally causes the deferent duct upstream portion.

Therefore, still exist a kind of and same effective but the easy and regressive needs that are used for the male contraceptive method of success of vasectomy.

Disclosure of the Invention

General purpose of the present invention provides a kind of improved contraceptive device.More specifically purpose provides a kind of improving one's methods of reversible prevention boar ejaculation that be used for.Other purpose provides and need not deferent duct is cut into two sections methods that do not cause deferent duct necrosis or fracture.

I have invented a kind of being used to and have had the deferential mammal method of contraception of transporting sperm from testis to urethra.This method comprises: the filament that has at least about deferent duct 1/4th length (a) is provided.The filament external diameter approximates the deferent duct internal diameter, and filament is to organize inert material, and filament at one end has and expands; (b) causing an otch near on the epididymodeferential sidewall, thereby incision length makes filament greater than the filament external diameter and less than the width that expands, rather than expand, can be suitable with otch; (c) through otch filament is inserted deferent duct so that filament from incision extension to urethra, be retained in the outside and adjoin thereby make to expand, and make otch around filament, keep open to allow sperm to leave deferent duct with deferent duct.

The method has stoped boar the releasing and remain highly recoverable of sperm in the ejaculation process effectively.Three factors help the reversibility of height.At first, so deferent duct is not cut into two sections the necessity that does not reconnect.Secondly, because blood supply and nerve are kept perfectly, so deferent duct can be not downright bad.And the 3rd and since sperm allow by otch flow out thus the deferent duct of nearly epididymis do not expand, downright bad and break.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1 is inserted into perspective view in the deferent duct for the filament that extends according to method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is for showing the perspective view of the filament that is inserted into the extension in the deferent duct fully.

Implement mode of the present invention

The present invention is preferably understood with reference to accompanying drawing in advance.In Fig. 1, shown the longitudinal section of the deferent duct 10 of close man's epididymis.Cause an otch (11) at a deferential sidewall.One end portion of filament 20 is inserted into deferential inside and extends along the urethra direction then through otch.The other end of filament forms a ring 21 and breaks into a knot 22.This knot is with a small amount of fixing around the rubber glue 23 of this joint fully.In Fig. 1, shown that filament inserts deferential process.In Fig. 2, show that filament inserts fully.Can see that ring and the fixed knot of rubber are in be positioned at if having time deferent duct outside and otch maintenance opening.The duct that open otch provides sperm to leave around the filament, thereby stop and deferentially expand and break.In the deferent duct partial blockage of filament flowing of sperm.More closely tractive is together rather than be pulled out thereby the muscle contraction of deferent duct and other tissue makes filament and otch along testis to urethra direction transmitting movement.Therefore, filament keeps suitable position until exenterate.

The present invention now is discussed in more detail.Arrive deferent duct by causing an otch at scrotum and exposing short (about one a centimetre) part deferent duct.Thereby the near as far as possible deferent duct part of exposure and each epididymis can produce otch in the deferent duct of nearly epididymis be necessary.It is nearer than urethra from epididymis that term " closely " means otch,, is positioned at half previous section of deferent duct length that is.Make the distance between filament insertion point and the epididymis the shortest, thus with the deferent duct end-to-end distance from the longest be highly preferred.

Deferential incision extension passes completely through a sidewall and arrives intracavity.Thereby the size of otch enough can make filament insert greatly.The size of otch is enough little passes it with annular (or other expands) end that prevents filament.In most of occasions, the length of otch is about 11/2～4 times of filament diameter.Incision length preferably is about 2～3 times of filament diameter.Kerf width preferably minimizes by make an independent joint-cutting of a sharp instrument.

Thereby being inserted into filament partial-length in the deferent duct is about 1/4 of deferent duct length and causes enough and effectively block.If thread-length is too short, the sperm of remarkable quantity may pass filament and gestation may take place.Filament does not extend the deferent duct end to avoid any obstruction of ejaculatory duct.Insert deferential filament part and preferably have about 0.5～0.9 times of deferential length.The part of inserting most preferably has about 0.7～0.8 times of deferential length.Deferential length is different and different with kind and individuality.For example, the mankind, deferent duct length be about 8～10cm and, in sheep, this length is about 16～20cm.Therefore, preferably be used for human thread-length and be about 4～9cm, and sheep, be about 8-18cm.

Filament is preferably circular cross section because this shape matches with vas deferens lumen.The filament external diameter approximates, or is slightly less than, and the internal diameter in chamber is the same with length, and the deferent duct internal diameter is with kind and individual the change.The mankind, the typically about 0.5-2.5mm of this chamber diameter.Therefore, preferably be used for the human about 0.25-2.5mm of filament diameter.Less filament diameter more easily inserts but bigger diameter provides better obstruction.

Filament is by deferent duct and the inert material of surrounding tissue are made.In other words, this material do not cause to the adverse reaction of these tissues and do not have tissue growth to or be grown on this material.This material is enough hard so that filament can stretch in the deferent duct and still the enough elasticity of tool match with deferent duct with curved shape.Suitable material comprises plastics, as nylon and Te Fulong; Metal is as copper and copper alloy; Natural material; It makes up, as scribbles the plastics of metal; Deng.Preferred plastics are because their costs are low, hard and flexible.Nylon is that highly preferred material is because it obtains various diameters easily.

Thereby being inserted into filament cross section in the deferent duct to small part is the solid sperm filament of can not flowing through.But this filament total length is a filament solid or part can be hollow or porous.If necessary, filament contains the material of spermicide and/or ntiviral characteristic.Suitable spermicide example comprises the U.S. Patent No. 3,877 of listing in the Bucalo that is disclosed on April 15th, 1975, those materials in the 4615-8 hurdle.If filament partly is a hollow or porous, these materials can add in the filament easily.

An end of filament contains one and expands, and its objective is that the retaining part filament is positioned at the deferent duct outside always.Big its can not pass otch thereby this expands enough.Suitable expanding produces with multiple diverse ways.A kind of method is to beat a knot simply in filament ends.The method that second kind of generation expanded is that compression and/or fusing filament ends are to form block or head.The third method is to adhere to object or block to filament.As shown in Figure 1, the combination of preferably expanding by these methods produces.At first, form a bowline.This knot comprises a ring.Secondly, gel chemical compound such as Silastic polysiloxane rubber glue, (Dow Corning company product) is added in the knot and makes its sclerosis.Hardened rubber has not only firmly finished but also has increased the size of expanding.Ring makes filament ends be positioned at the deferent duct outside and the removal of filament is become easily because it is easy to catch.

As in the past mentioned, the filament that passes spermatic duct wall makes the otch on the wall keep open.On this meaning, filament works in the mode of similar earrings.When exterior object (filament or earrings) when being in the appropriate location, it is open that tissue (deferent duct or ear-lobe) keeps.But when this outside object is removed, organize final plant closure.Opening in the deferent duct helps the reversibility of this contraceptive device.Sperm continuously is pressed into deferential upstream termination.Do not have opening, accumulation of pressure and deferent duct expand and finally break.But opening has been arranged, and sperm outflow deferent duct enters scrotum and is absorbed by surrounding tissue.

If filament is in the appropriate location according to the present invention, the sperm count that releases in the ejaculation process is not enough to bring any pregnant chance that reckons with.In fact filament does not damage deferent duct after a period of time in position.Deferential upstream portion can not broken because sperm is let out deferential outside.Keep fit in deferential downstream part because little otch causes the minimum nerve and the blocking-up of blood supply.

If when male reproductive performance wants to recover, reversal method is than original recipe even more simple.Cause a kerf at scrotum, catch the end that expands of filament, and take out whole filament.Otch after a period of time will be closed or, close immediately if desired, otch can be sewed up.In either case, because when filament was in suitable position, whole deferent duct was kept perfectly and function is arranged, so reproductive performance is recovered immediately.Embodiment

Present embodiment has illustrated the effectiveness that the inventive method is practised contraception in sheep.Experiment contains four parts.At first, three male sheeps (" ram ") give one-sided vasectomy (only excising a deferent duct).Secondly, foundation has the male body that the deferent duct of function continues to have fertility owing to it is remaining.The 3rd, this ram imposes contraceptive device of the present invention.At last, proving conclusively this hero body will no longer make female sheep (" ewe ") become pregnant.

Select the ram at three about 7 monthly ages.They give the Xylazine analgesics of light diaphoretic prescription amount to induce whole narcotism by intramuscular injection.Then with their back fixation on support and with its scrotum and inguinal region scrub.A little otch less than 1cm is caused apart from the about 1cm of center line place in outside of belly left side before scrotum, and it is deep to the testis surface.The part of finding out deferent duct and excising about 2cm with the mosquito forceps of bending.Every male body give the 5cc penicillin and by normal feeding and water to recover for 2 weeks.

After one-sided vasectomy recovers, every ram and 5 ewe copulation that reproductive capacity is strong.Twice of every day looked into the activity of oestrusing in large quantities of ewes with " provoking " male health check-up.In case find out the ewe of accepting copulation, she and specified ram are put together and make it carry out the copulation of 2～4 successes.Every day every ram and no more than 2 female sheep copulation.Setting up the copulation of fertility finished in a week.

After the copulation, female sheep is observed to judge whether that they recover to oestrus about 16 days of post-coitum with provoking male sheep.Fail to recover to oestrus (showing 100% pregnancy rate) with all 5 female sheep of every equal copulation in two rams, however with 5 female sheep of the 3rd male sheep copulation in only 2 fail to recover to oestrus (showing 40% pregnant ratio).Afterwards, in three ewes that recover to oestrus one just think with other non-experiment in the strong ram copulation of reproductive capacity the time continue to repeat preceding step, show that ewe has problem.Therefore, (in 4 2) rather than 40% (in 5 2) that should be 50% with the pregnant ratio of the 3rd male sheep.

After 7 weeks of beginning copulation, these three rams prepare to be used for aforesaid surgical operation once more.Obtain out the nylon fiber that about 15cm and external diameter are 0.5mm.Make a call to one at an end and have the bowline that about 1cm encircles.Add a Silastic polysiloxane rubber glue and tie and make its hardening with complete closed.In the close deferent duct of deferent duct epididymis terminal position, cause the longitudinal cut of an about 1mm.Filament places vas deferens lumen then.The filament ends that contains knot is retained in the otch outside.By localized like this filament, it is open to allow sperm to leave the passage of deferent duct as minimum drag that otch keeps.

These three rams allow the ewe copulation new with a group then during inserting three later week of filament.As before, by judging the receptor ewe that is in heat with provoking male sheep.Every ram and 7 ewe copulation (be no more than an ewe every day, between 2 sheep 2 days at interval).Every ewe and ram copulation 2 times and 12 hours copulation 2 times more later at least when being judged as oestrus the earliest.

When checking these ewes later on when 16 days, 21 20 on-time playouts of merely hitting are oestrused.

Between mating season, do not observe ram demonstrates discomfort or hesitation between mating season sign.The urogenital problem that libido is normal and not relevant with filament occurs.

Claims (22)

1. have and be used for sperm is transported to deferential mammiferous a kind of contraceptive device of urethra from testis, this method comprises:

(a) provide the filament that has at least about 1/4th deferent duct length, the filament external diameter approximates the deferent duct internal diameter, and filament is for to organizing inert material, and filament has one at an end and expands;

(b) causing an otch near on the spermatic duct wall of epididymis, thereby incision length makes filament greater than the filament external diameter and less than the width that expands, rather than expand, can suitably pass otch; With

(c) thus with filament through otch insert deferent duct make filament from otch to urethra extension be retained in the outside and adjoin so that expand, and be convenient to otch and around filament, keep open to allow sperm to leave deferent duct with deferent duct.

2. the filament that the process of claim 1 wherein has about 0.5～0.9 times of deferential length.

3. the method for claim 2, expanding wherein comprises a knot.

4. the method for claim 3, filament material wherein is a nylon.

5. the method for claim 4, the about 0.25～2.5mm of filament diameter wherein.

6. the mammal that the process of claim 1 wherein is about 4～9cm of the mankind and thread-length and the about 0.25～2.5mm of diameter.

7. the method for claim 6, filament wherein contains spermicide or antiviral agent.

8. one kind is used to have the deferential mammiferous contraception device that sperm is transported to urethra from testis, this device comprises filament, its length corresponding to the mammal deferent duct length of stand-by this device at least about 1/4th, the filament external diameter is corresponding to the deferential internal diameter of the mammal that approximates or be slightly less than stand-by this device, filament is for to organizing inert material, and filament has one at an end and expands.

9. one kind is used to have sperm is transported to the deferential mammiferous contraception device of urethra from testis, and this device comprises the filament of organizing inert material and has one at an end and expands.

10. device according to Claim 8, filament wherein has about 0.5～0.9 times of deferential length.

11. device according to Claim 8, filament wherein have about 0.7～0.8 times of deferential length.

12. according to the device of the arbitrary claim in front, expanding wherein comprises a knot.

13. according to the device of the arbitrary claim in front, expanding wherein comprises a ring.

14. according to the device of claim 13, ring wherein forms by a bowline.

15. according to the device of claim 12 or 14, knot wherein is embedded in the gel compound.

16. the device of arbitrary claim according to Claim 8～11, wherein expand by the extruding and/or the fusing filament an end form.

17. according to the device of the arbitrary claim in front, thread-length wherein about 4 and 9cm between.

18. the device of arbitrary claim according to Claim 8～16, thread-length wherein about 8 and 18cm between.

19. according to the device of the arbitrary claim in front, filament diameter wherein about 0.25 and 2.5mm between.

20. according to the device of the arbitrary claim in front, wherein the filament of partial-length is a hollow or porous at least.

21. according to Claim 8,9 or 20 device, filament wherein contains spermicide or antiviral agent.

22. according to the device of claim 13 or 14, ring length wherein reaches 1cm.

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