CN118679062A

CN118679062A - Drum for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles, system for assembling and/or positioning magnet elements on a drum, and machine for generating optically variable graphics primitives

Info

Publication number: CN118679062A
Application number: CN202280091633.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 托比亚斯·迪姆; 米夏埃尔·穆勒; 埃曼努尔·托尼
Original assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Current assignee: Koenig and Bauer AG
Priority date: 2022-04-13
Filing date: 2022-12-22
Publication date: 2024-09-20
Also published as: DE102022109035A1

Abstract

A drum (26) for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles (P) contained in a coating medium (06) on a substrate (02), which drum comprises in the region of its outer circumference a number n×m, in other words n times m, wherein n is the element (24) providing the magnetic field of formula (I), in short magnet elements (24) which are arranged in n rows extending parallel to the axis and m columns extending in the circumferential direction, wherein in a preferred design at least two magnet elements (24) arranged one behind the other in the same column are arranged on or in mutually different magnet element carriers (37) which can be positioned independently of one another in the circumferential direction of the drum (26). At least two magnet elements (24) arranged one behind the other on a respective magnet element carrier (37) are mounted in a circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier (37) carrying the magnet elements (24) in an adjustable manner within an adjustment range. The invention also relates to a system for assembling and/or positioning a magnet element (24) and to a machine (01) for producing optically variable graphics primitives (03) on a substrate (02).

Description

Drum for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles, system for assembling and/or positioning magnet elements on a drum, and machine for generating optically variable graphics primitives

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a roller for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a coating medium on a substrate, a system with means for assembling and/or positioning magnet elements on the roller, and a machine for producing optically variable graphic elements according to claims 1, 13, 21 or 25.

Background

EP2114678B1 discloses a printing press having a screen printing unit and a device for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a printing ink or paint, wherein the device comprises a cylinder which has a plurality of magnetic field-generating elements on its circumference, which are arranged in a plurality of axially adjustable carrier rings. The carrier ring has openings on its inner circumference which cooperate with openings on the shaft of the carrier support ring to conduct suction air. In one example, the opening in the shaft is selectively closed by a plug, such as a screw-on member. The carrier ring can be positioned axially on the shaft and can be clamped on the shaft by tensile forces acting in the circumferential direction.

US2011/0168088A1 relates to a device for the orientation of magnetic flakes, in one embodiment magnets are arranged on the circumference of a disc which is arranged on a shaft and which can be exchanged for a disc with a different distribution.

CN103192591a discloses a device for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a coating medium with a drum comprising in the region of its outer circumference magnet elements arranged in a matrix. In this case, the magnet elements arranged axially next to one another and arranged circumferentially next to one another are each arranged on an axially extending carrier element and can be moved axially on the carrier element. After axial positioning, the magnet elements in the carrier element can be clamped in the associated carrier element by means of screws acting in the circumferential direction. The carrier element may be positioned in the circumferential direction. The axially extending carrier element is clamped at the end face by an end-face and circumferentially encircling carrier ring.

WO2014/037221A1 discloses a magnet drum with a plurality of drum segments, which on their circumference comprise a plurality of magnet elements one behind the other and a region with suction air openings surrounding on both sides of the magnet elements. Between such cylinder segments there are provided support elements having a cylindrical circumferential surface.

DE112012006348B4 discloses a magnet drum with a plurality of spaced-apart carrier rings, which are adjustable with respect to their axial position on the drum. The carrier rings have annular grooves on the outer circumference, which can be fitted with magnet arrangements one after the other in the circumferential direction and which can be adjusted in the circumferential direction after the adjustment screws on the associated carrier ring have been released. The openings of the suction air line system open into the bottom of the annular groove and the shoulders lying therebetween, through which suction air can be sucked from the suction openings of the cover plates forming the drum shell.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is based on the object of: a roller for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a coating medium on a substrate, a system having means for assembling and/or positioning magnet elements on the roller, and a machine for producing optically variable graphic elements are proposed.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 13, 21 or 25.

The advantages that can be achieved with the features according to the invention are in particular that: high accuracy in generating optically variable primitives and/or high flexibility in providing an application range or process range of optically variable primitives is achieved or enabled.

In a suitable embodiment of the drum for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a coating medium on a substrate, the drum comprises a plurality of n×m (in other words N times m, where N, m e N > 1) magnetic field-providing elements, in other words magnet elements, in a matrix-like manner, which are arranged in N axially parallel rows and m circumferentially extending columns, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the drum, at least two magnet elements arranged one behind the other in the same column are arranged on or in a magnet element carrier which is different from the other and can be positioned one behind the other in the circumferential direction on the drum, or in which at least two magnet elements arranged one behind the other on the respective magnet element carrier are adjustably supported in the circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier carrying the magnet elements in the adjustment range. Preferably, a plurality or all of the magnet elements of the plurality or all of the columns are supported on the respective magnet element carrier in a manner adjustable in the circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier in the adjustment range.

In addition or alternatively, in an advantageous embodiment, two or all magnet elements of a row or group are supported directly or via holders or carrier-acting magnet elements which accommodate the magnet elements on a common annular carrier element arranged on the drum inner body or on this carrier element and can be positioned on the carrier element in the circumferential direction, whereby, viewed in the axial direction of the drum, on the respective magnet element, on its holder or on the magnet element carrier or on a structural unit comprising the magnet element carrier, at least one clamping element is provided on each of the two sides, the effective ends of which, in the assembled state, respectively engage on the two end faces of the annular carrier element, extend in the circumferential direction and are directed towards the interior of the drum and/or by cooperation with the respective clamping element in the clamping position, stop faces which prevent the magnet element, holder or magnet element carrier or structural unit from being moved out in the radial direction.

The two solutions described above enable individual adjustment of the individual magnet elements in the circumferential direction, individually, and also in particular in combination, wherein the first-mentioned solution enables particularly fine adjustment, while the second-mentioned solution allows particularly simple adjustment or, if necessary, pre-adjustment.

In a particularly advantageous development, in the magnet elements of the plurality of rows, a plurality of magnet elements arranged one behind the other are each integrated in a respective structural unit as an active unit with at least one corresponding suction element, and can thus each be positioned in the circumferential direction independently of all other such active units and/or can be separated from the drum.

In an alternative or additional advantageous development of this, at least two or all magnet elements arranged one behind the other in the same column are supported as a group on or on a common carrier element and can be varied together with the carrier element and independently of the magnet elements of the adjacent column with respect to their axial position in or on the drum, wherein in a particularly advantageous embodiment at least two or all magnet elements of the same column are arranged on the respective magnet element carrier, which in turn can be positioned on and/or can be separated from the common carrier element in the circumferential direction independently of one another, and at least two or all magnet elements of the same column are supported on the respective magnet element carrier in an adjustable manner in the axial direction relative to the magnet element carrier.

A particularly advantageous system consists of a roller comprising magnet elements, in particular the roller mentioned above, and means for assembling and/or positioning the magnet elements on the roller, wherein the means can be placed as an assembly aid on the magnet elements or on a magnet element carrier carrying the magnet elements, and comprise an operating arm which, when placed in or on the magnet elements or magnet element carrier, can be brought into operative connection with clamping elements provided on both sides of the associated magnet element, the clamping connection between the clamping elements on both sides and the carrier element produced by the operating arm being separable by operation of a drive mechanism comprised in the assembly aid and acting on the operating arm.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of a machine for generating optically variable primitives on a substrate comprises: a substrate reservoir; at least one printing means by means of which the substrates guided through the machine on the transport path are printed and/or printable in m columns and n rows of sheets in a matrix at least on the first side; a product holder by means of which the processed substrate can be integrated in an aggregate; and a registering device arranged in the substrate path between the printing mechanism and the product holder for registering the magnetic or magnetizable particles with a roller, wherein the roller is preferably designed according to one embodiment or a combination of embodiments of one of the aforementioned rollers.

In the case of a combination of the design of the clamping device for fastening the ring element and/or the design as a structural unit and/or by the movability of the individual or all magnet elements in the axial and/or circumferential direction and/or by the clamping device clamping the magnet elements or the structural unit, a high degree of precision in the processing of the optically variable picture element and/or a high degree of flexibility in the application range or process range for providing the optically variable picture element is achieved or can be increased.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of structural units, each comprising at least one line connection for conducting suction air on its underside, are arranged on the drum interior or on a common carrier element arranged on the drum interior, wherein the drum interior and/or the respective carrier element comprises, on the outwardly directed side, a plurality of line connections having optionally closable passages, in particular holes, for conducting suction air.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the above-described drum has, as seen in the axial direction in the region of its outer circumference, for example four to eight columns or groups each of which has a plurality of, for example 2 to 12, in particular 5 to 10, magnetic field-providing elements, in short magnet elements, which are arranged behind one another in the circumferential direction.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, axial direction herein and hereinafter refers to a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum.

In principle, independently of the embodiment with the above-described action units, but particularly advantageously, a favorable development of the device for alignment is associated in which at least two, preferably all, magnet elements arranged one behind the other in the same column are supported as a group on or at a common carrier element and together with the carrier element and independently of the magnet elements of the adjacent column can be varied in terms of their axial position in or on the drum, at least two or all of the magnet elements of the relevant group being arranged on respective magnet element carriers which can be positioned independently of one another in the circumferential direction on the common carrier element and/or can be separated from the carrier element and are supported on the relevant magnet element carriers in an adjustable manner in the axial direction within an adjustment range. This applies preferably to a plurality of columns, in particular to all columns.

In principle, independently of the embodiment having the above-described action units and/or independently of the above-described embodiment having axially positionable magnet elements, but preferably in connection with one or more of the above-described advantageous embodiments, an advantageous development of the device for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles contained in a coating medium on a substrate has a drum which, in the region of its outer circumference, has a matrix-like number of magnet elements, for example n×m (where N, m e N > 1), which are arranged in N rows extending parallel to the axis and m columns extending in the circumferential direction, wherein at least two, preferably all, magnet elements arranged one behind the other in the same column are arranged on or in mutually different magnet element carriers which can be positioned independently of one another in the circumferential direction of the drum, and at least two or all magnet elements arranged on the respective magnet element carrier are supported in an adjustable manner in the circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier carrying the respective magnet element.

In principle, independently of the design of the drum having the above-described action units and/or independently of the above-described embodiment of the drum having axially positionable magnet elements and/or independently of the above-described embodiment of the drum having circumferentially positionable magnet elements, but preferably in connection with the one or more advantageous embodiments mentioned, a particularly advantageous development of the drum, viewed in the axial direction in the region of its outer circumference, has m groups, each group having a plurality of magnet elements arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction, wherein a plurality of or all of the magnet elements in a group, in particular a plurality of or all of the groups, are supported on a common annular carrier element provided on the drum inner body and can be positioned in the circumferential direction on the carrier element, wherein the magnet elements, the holders accommodating the magnet elements or the magnet element carriers carrying the magnet elements, respectively, comprise at least one clamping element on both sides, the effective ends of which, in the assembled state, engage in the circumferential direction on the respective end face of the annular carrier element and are directed in the circumferential direction and are directed radially inwards of the magnet elements or are directed towards the inside of the carrier element or is prevented from being moved out of engagement with the magnet elements or the carrier element in the radial direction.

In particular for producing optically variable graphic elements on printing material segments, such as for example, a value document printing press, having a printing material reservoir, in particular designed as a sheet feeder, having at least one printing unit, in particular a screen printing unit, by means of which printing sheets in a plurality of columns and rows of printing material guided through the machine on a transport path are printed and/or printable in a matrix at least on a first side, and having a product holder, by means of which processed substrates can be assembled in an assembly, in particular designed as a stacker, the machine preferably comprising a device for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles with rollers according to the above-described or combined embodiments in the transport path of the printing material segments between the printing unit and the product holder.

Further details and design variations may be found in the embodiments.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail below.

Wherein:

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a machine for producing optically variable primitives on a substrate;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a substrate printed in a printing element with an optically variable coating medium, wherein a) shows a state in which the magnetic or magnetizable particles have not been oriented, and b) shows a state after the imaging section has been aligned, here exemplified in the form of the number "1";

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a printing and downstream alignment process utilizing an imaging print cylinder and a cylinder with magnet elements, exemplarily showing a substrate sheet widening in a trapezoid toward the rear end;

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a magnet drum in perspective view;

fig. 5 shows an individual view of carrier elements provided with, for example, a plurality of magnet elements, one behind the other in the circumferential direction;

fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a carrier element equipped with a magnet element, but a narrower embodiment compared to fig. 5;

fig. 7 shows a partial view of a longitudinal section of the drum according to fig. 4;

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a valve that selectively opens and closes a suction air opening;

fig. 9 shows an embodiment of an action unit comprising a magnet element and a suction element in a less complex embodiment;

FIG. 10 shows a top view of the action unit according to FIG. 9, but without the magnet and the housing;

fig. 11 shows a section of an embodiment of an action unit comprising a magnet element and a suction element, wherein the suction element has a discernable adjustment mechanism for axially adjusting the magnet element;

Fig. 12 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of an action unit comprising a magnet element and a suction element, the action unit having a discernible adjustment mechanism for adjusting the magnet element in the circumferential direction;

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an assembly assist mechanism for mounting or removing and/or positioning an active unit;

fig. 14 shows a perspective view of an action unit arranged on the ring element with the installed assembly aid in fig. 13;

fig. 15 shows a perspective view of a drum inner equipped with 6 ring elements;

fig. 16 shows a sectional view of a drum with a drum inner body, a ring-segment-shaped carrier element arranged on the drum inner body and, for example, ten application units arranged on the carrier element;

fig. 17 shows an enlarged partial view of a fastening device for a carrier element;

fig. 18 shows a detail of the fastening device for the carrier element.

Detailed Description

A machine 01, for example a printing press 01, in particular a value document printing press 01, for producing optically variable image elements 03 on a substrate 02, for example a web-shaped or sheet-shaped printing material 02, comprises: the application device 04, for example a printing unit 04, by means of which at least one application point, for example printing point 11, of an optically variable application medium 06, for example an optically variable printing ink 06 or paint 06, can be applied to at least a first side of the substrate 02, for example of the printing material 02, in the form of a printing pattern 08, over the entire area or in a partial area; and means 07 for aligning particles P contained in an optically variable coating medium 06 applied to the substrate 02 and responsible for producing the optical variability (see, for example, fig. 1). This device 07 will also be referred to as an alignment device 07 in the following, or as an alignment device enables imaging of optically variable patterns or subjects by aligning the particles P in a defined manner, also referred to as an imaging alignment device 07. For example, a coating medium 06 containing particles P is applied on a printing substrate 02, and the graphic elements 03 obtained by subsequently imaging alignment of the previously randomly oriented particles P are schematically indicated, for example, in fig. 2 using the numeral "1". Here, a) indicates a state in which the coating medium 06 is applied and is still oriented, for example, randomly, and b) indicates a state in which imaging alignment has occurred.

The printed pixels 08, which are composed of the variable coating medium 06 and are applied to the substrate 02 by the application device 04 before the processing by the alignment device 07, can correspond in terms of size and position to the optically variable pixels 03 to be produced or can be larger than these pixels, if appropriate even extend over the surface of a plurality of printed sheets 09. In the case of larger printing elements 08, for example, optically variable elements 03 are not produced by alignment over the entire surface coated with optically variable coating medium 06.

As particles P responsible for producing the optical variability, magnetic or magnetizable non-spherical particles P, for example pigment particles P, also referred to below as magnetic flakes, are contained in the coating medium 06, for example printing ink 06 or paint 06.

The machine 01 is preferably used for producing printed sheets 09, for example securities 09, in particular banknotes 09. This includes, in particular, the production of value document intermediate products, for example the production of printing material 02, in particular in the form of web-shaped or sheet-shaped printing material segments 02, in particular printing material sheets 02, with a printed image of a plurality of value documents 09. The substrate 02 may be formed, for example, from a paper based on cellulose or preferably on cotton fiber or at least containing cellulose or cotton fibers, from a synthetic material polymer or from a mixed product of the above materials. The substrate may be present uncoated in the above-described application device 04 or may have been coated prior to coating, the substrate may be unprinted or may have been printed one or more times in one or more upstream processes or otherwise machined. On the printing material segment 02 formed by a longitudinal segment of the web-shaped substrate 02 or by a single sheet of the single-sheet-shaped substrate 02, a plurality of printing sheets 09, for example banknotes 09 to be produced or printed images thereof, can preferably be arranged next to one another in a matrix-like manner in rows extending transversely to the transport direction T and next to one another in columns extending in the transport direction T, or can be arranged during the processing of the substrate 02 (for example as shown in fig. 2 and 3).

The machine 01 designed as a printing press 01 can in principle comprise one or more printing units 04 of any printing method. However, in the embodiment shown here, for the sake of simplicity, the machine comprises a printing mechanism 04, in particular a printing mechanism 04 operating according to the flexographic printing method or preferably according to the screen printing method, by means of which printing mechanism 04 an optically variable coating medium 06 is applied or can be applied on the first side of the printing material 02. By means of the printing method mentioned, in particular the screen printing method, for example, a greater layer thickness can be applied than by other printing methods. The expression "first side" of the substrate 02 or of the printing material 02 is chosen as desired and is used to denote that side of the printing material 02 on which the optically variable coating medium 06 to be treated is to be applied or has been applied or can be applied downstream by the alignment device 07.

In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the printing machine 01 comprises a substrate reservoir 13, preferably in the form of a sheet-fed feeder 13, for example, the substrate 02 in the form of a sheet-fed printing material 02, which is optionally fed by a further printing or processing unit or can be fed to at least one printing unit 04, for example a flexographic printing unit or preferably a screen printing unit 04, to which an optically variable coating medium 06 is applied, which printing unit forms a printing point 11 for printing a first side, for example, of the printing material 02 between a printing unit cylinder 14, in particular a plate cylinder 14, for example a screen printing cylinder 14, and a common impression cylinder 17 (see, for example, fig. 1).

Preferably, printing unit 04 comprises a plate cylinder 14 as an imaging cylinder, which has a plurality of, in particular similar and/or identical, imaging printing elements 18, also referred to below as printing material 18, or in particular similar and/or identical groups of imaging printing elements 18 or printing material 18, which are arranged circumferentially on a circumferential length corresponding to the printing pattern length, for example in a plurality of columns, for example four to eight, in particular five to seven, for example six, spaced apart from one another transversely to transport direction T, and in a plurality of rows spaced apart from one another in transport direction T over a cylinder width corresponding to the printing pattern width. In the case of a printing mechanism 04 operating according to flexography, these printing substances 18 are designed in the form of relief and in the preferred case of a printing mechanism 04 operating according to screen printing in the form of a clear stencil.

The printing material 02 of the alignment device 07 can be transported by the printing mechanism 04 applying the optically variable coating medium 06 via a feed mechanism, for example one or more feed devices 12 designed as transfer cylinders 12. In the case of a web-like printing substrate 02, the feed mechanism may be formed by one or more forced and/or non-driven rollers.

After passing through the alignment device 07 described in detail below, the printing material 02 can be fed directly or by another feeding mechanism, for example another transfer cylinder, for example a second feeding device 21, and by the second feeding device 21 to a product holder 22 for receiving the printing material 02 processed and/or worked in the machine 01, in the case of a sheet-like printing material 02, to the stacker delivery device 22. In the preferred case of the individual Zhang Zhizhuang printing materials 02, means for feeding the individual sheets, for example one or more transfer drums or transfer drums, or, as shown here, a feed device 21, for example designed as a gripper, which revolves the feed device 21, in particular a chain gripper system 21, are provided as feed means, by means of which the printing material individual sheets 02 are transferred from the transport path section of the alignment device 07 via one or more further transfer drums if necessary and fed, for example, to the stacker 22.

On the transport path away from the alignment device 07, there is at least one drying device, for example a radiation dryer 23, with one or more dryers 23 directed toward the first side of the printing material 02, and if appropriate a cooling device, for example a cooling roller, which is not shown. In a further development, not shown, at least one inspection device, not shown, for example a surface scanning or line scanning camera, is provided on the transport path between the alignment device 07 and the stacker delivery device 22.

In an advantageous development, the printing mechanism 04 and the alignment device 07 can be in the form of modules, for example, which are combined structurally to form the device 16 for generating optically variable graphics primitives. For example, such a printing unit can be provided in the machine 01 in a modification with multiple IDs one after the other. In an advantageous embodiment in the form of a module, the device 16 is inserted or can be inserted into the conveying path of the machine 01 with interfaces on the input side and on the output side of the respective interfaces of the feeding system continued upstream and downstream.

The alignment device 07 described in detail below is basically arbitrary in terms of its design, design variant or configuration, but is preferably arranged or can be arranged in the machine 01 or the printing press 01 described above.

The alignment device 07 for forming optically variable graphics primitives 03, for example for forming optically variable effects into an optically variable coating medium 06 previously applied, for example in the form of printing graphics primitives 08, onto a substrate 02, in particular a printing material 02, comprises a defined transport path along which the substrate 02 to be fed by the alignment device 07 is or can be operatively connected in a defined manner from an inlet region to an alignment device 26, wherein in the inlet region the substrate 02 to be processed and having the optically variable coating medium 06 on a first side thereof is or can be transported, the alignment device 26 as an application element 24 comprising an element 24 providing a magnetic field, simply a magnet element 24, preferably being operatively connected in such a way that: the magnet elements 24 of the alignment device 26 for imaging alignment and the printing material 02 printed with the printing ink 06 containing particles P are moved synchronously with one another at least over one section of the transport path. The alignment device 26 is here designed as a magnetically active cylinder 26, in short a magnet cylinder 26, which has an arrangement of magnet elements 24 on its circumference and by means of which the printing material 02 is guided or fed from an inlet region toward an outlet region of the alignment device 07.

The magnet element 24 may be formed directly from the one-piece or multi-piece magnet 27 itself or may preferably comprise one or more magnets 27 which are preferably detachably arranged on the holder 28, for example on or in the base 28. The magnet 27 is generally understood here to be a magnetically effective device which permanently or switchably generates a magnetic field which is sufficiently strong, in particular for the alignment of particles contained in the coating medium 06 on the substrate 02 guided thereon as described here, at least toward one side of the transport path. Here, the magnet 27 may be formed by one or more permanent magnets with or without the notch (Gravur), by an electromagnet, or by a combination of one or more permanent magnets and/or one or more electromagnets. Whether a single magnet or a combination of multiple magnets (e.g., permanent magnets and/or electromagnets), the term magnet 27 is also understood hereinafter to refer to multiple magnets 27 assigned to the same magnet element 24 and integrally forming a magnet unit unless explicitly stated otherwise. Below the magnet element 24, embodiments with a plurality of one-piece or multi-piece magnets 27 which are comprised by the magnet element 24 and are spaced apart from one another should also be included, as can be applied, for example, in the case where the same sheet 09 is to be subjected to the respective magnetic fields at two different locations. In this case, such a magnet 27 or an arrangement of a plurality of magnets 27 of the same magnet element 24 can be accommodated in a housing 38 of the magnet element 24, which can be arranged, for example, in the holder 28 separately from the holder 28 or on the holder 28.

In principle, two such magnet drums 26 may also be provided in the conveying path, which are arranged on the same side or on different sides of the substrate 02 to be fed along the conveying path.

In an advantageous embodiment, the alignment device 07 is a drying and/or curing device 19, for example a radiation dryer 19, in particular a UV radiation dryer 19, for short a UV dryer 19, which is preferably designed as a UV-LED dryer 19 and/or is directed at a location in the transport path where the substrate 02 cooperates with the magnet cylinder 26.

The magnet cylinder 26 is preferably arranged on the second side of the substrate 02 to be fed in the transport path of the substrate, so that the magnet cylinder with its first side, which is coated in particular upstream with the optically variable coating medium 06, is directed outwards when passing the magnet cylinder 26, in particular when being transported on the magnet cylinder 26.

The magnet drum 26 comprises a drum body 29, preferably in one piece or preferably in multiple pieces, at or on which the magnet elements 24 are preferably detachably arranged. The one-piece or preferably multi-piece roller body 29 is rotatably supported or can be supported in a frame. The concept of the drum body 29 here should include a closed structure, i.e. with a more or less closed drum shell, and an open structure, i.e. a scaffold or frame-like member, for example as shown in fig. 4.

The magnet cylinder 26 has a plurality of magnet elements 24 in the region facing the substrate path, for example in the region of the outer circumference, in particular in the region of the outer cylindrical envelope surface of the cylinder body 29, which serve to orient at least a part of the magnetic or magnetizable particles P of the coating medium 06 applied to the passing printing material 02.

In particular for the preferred and illustrated case of a plurality of sheets 09 per substrate segment, for example for each printing material or substrate sheet 02, a plurality of columns or groups of a number m (m.epsilon.N > 1) of columns or groups of columns corresponding in particular to the number of columns on the printing material segment 02, in particular of rows of a number N (n.epsilon.N > 1) of sheets 09 on the printing material segment 02 to be processed, are provided or arranged in a matrix, as seen in the transport direction T of the substrate 02 and/or in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 26, in the form of a number n×m, i.e. N by m, of magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other, in the form of a matrix on the outer circumference, wherein N, m.epsilon.N (in other words N and m are from a natural set of numbers greater than 1). The magnet elements are preferably arranged such that for each column or group the same number n of magnet elements 24 is provided on the circumference and arranged in rows extending axially parallel and/or in particular in such a way that, when spread out on the substrate 02, they correspond to the pattern of the picture elements 03 with the applied magnetic field on the substrate 02 with correct registration between the substrate position along the transport direction T and the cylinder angular position. An arrangement in rows or columns is also understood to mean a corresponding grid-like or matrix-like arrangement which corresponds to the case, if appropriate, partly offset from one another in the axis-parallel direction for correction or adjustment purposes. The n magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other in a row or group are then arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction, for example at least in such a way that they overlap at least when rolling along a circular circumferential line and/or are located in the same row of sheets 09 of the substrate 02 to be processed, even if they may be slightly offset from one another for correction or adjustment purposes. The slight mutual offset which is optionally present in the circumferential direction is equally applicable to an axially parallel arrangement.

By guiding the substrate 02 on the magnet cylinder 26 configured in this way, wherein, for example, the first substrate surface is directed outwards during transport on the first cylinder 26, the alignment or orientation of the particles P in the region of the picture elements 03 arranged on the sheet 09 can be achieved by means of the magnet elements 24, i.e. here, for example, through the substrate 02.

The number m of columns or groups is here, for example, four to eight, in particular five and seven, for example six, and/or the number n of magnet elements 24 of a column or group is, for example, two to twelve, advantageously five to ten. The magnet drum 26 or its drum body 29 is preferably designed such that: the number n of magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other in the number m of columns or groups and/or in a row or a column can be varied, for example, within the boundaries mentioned above, in order to adapt them to different requirements.

Preferably, the magnet elements 24 are preferably detachably arranged in or on the respective holders 28 together therewith or can be arranged on the drum 26, so that in the assembled state they can be arranged in defined positions on the circumference of the drum 26 and are preferably completely removable from the drum 26 and/or can be positioned on the circumference of the drum 26 in the axial and/or circumferential direction.

For the matrix arrangement described above, the magnet elements 24 can be arranged and supported on or in the roller body 29 in such a way that the magnet elements are supported on or in the roller body in a variable manner with respect to the axial position thereof with respect to the roller body 29 in one piece or in multiple pieces with respect to the other magnet elements 24 of the same column or group of magnet elements 24. This can be achieved, for example, via an axially extending guide on the circumference of the roller body 29, in or on which the associated magnet element 24 is supported indirectly or directly, and can be moved into different axial positions. In principle, such guides can be provided individually for individual magnet elements 24 in a row (see, for example, the embodiment according to fig. 11), but can also be provided consecutively for several or all magnet elements 24 in the same row if desired. In this case, the guide may be provided on the above-mentioned axially extending carrier element which carries all the magnet elements 24 of the same row.

In an advantageous embodiment, the individual axial and/or circumferentially distributed positionability of the magnet elements 24 of the respective row or preferably of the respective column, which is optionally explained in more detail below, in addition to the individual or all magnet elements 24 of the row or column, can be varied as a group with respect to their position in the circumferential direction and with respect to the column introduced here, both with respect to their axial position on the magnet cylinder 26 or on the cylinder body 29, overall and independently of the row or column adjacent. For the case of rows grouped together, not shown here, in particular a plurality of, preferably all, rows of magnet elements 24 are grouped together in rows, for example on axially extending carrier elements, into groups that can be positioned together in the circumferential direction. In the preferred case of the rows combined to form a group, in particular a plurality of rows, advantageously at least two of the at least three rows closest to the end face and advantageously all rows are mounted as a group in or on the magnet element carrier 29, in particular the roller body 29, in such a way that they can be moved axially.

In the preferred case of a set of rows, the magnet elements 24 can be arranged or can be arranged indirectly or directly on a plurality, for example a number m, for example four to eight, in particular five to seven, for example six, for example axially spaced apart from one another and preferably in such a way that part or preferably all of the abovementioned parts or preferably all can be positioned axially on a preferably annular carrier element 31, for example carrier element 31, on a particularly axially extending shaft 32, wherein in turn a plurality, for example two to twelve, advantageously five to ten magnet elements 24 are each arranged or can be arranged in turn in the annular element 31 in the circumferential direction and preferably at least partially or completely in the circumferential direction (see, for example, fig. 4 and 5).

In the case of a web-shaped substrate 02, the magnet cylinder 26 can be designed without any holding means acting on the substrate 02 and, for example, with a ring element 31 closed in the circumferential direction. In the preferred case here of the sheet-shaped substrates 02, on the circumference of the cylinder 26, a holding means 33, for example a so-called gripper 33 of a tensioning bar, is preferably provided, with which the substrate sheet 02 to be fed on the cylinder 26 is accommodated by the gripper at the front end and is held or can be held over a range of angles, in particular over a range of angles of rotation, during rotation of the cylinder 26. The magnet cylinder 26 thus configured is used here simultaneously for transporting the substrate 02. The ring element 31 is interrupted in the circumferential direction in order to accommodate the holding means 33, as can be seen, for example, in fig. 4 and 5. Thus, unless otherwise indicated herein, a "ring-shaped" carrier element or "ring-shaped element" also includes elements that are not closed, i.e., are ring-segment-shaped. In fig. 5, the fastening means for fastening if necessary are not shown in detail, as they are described in connection with the example according to fig. 15 to 18 and can also be used for the embodiments in fig. 1 to 14.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the magnet drum 26, individual or all magnet elements 24 are provided with a structural unit 36, also referred to hereinafter as an application unit 36, in particular a magnet unit 36, which is positioned or can be positioned in a matrix manner in the rows and columns on the drum body 29 or in the same, and which comprises at least one magnet element 24 and at least one suction element 34, respectively.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device 07 for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles P, of a plurality, preferably all m columns, of magnet elements 24, a plurality, in particular all, of magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other, together with at least one corresponding suction element 34, are integrated in a corresponding structural unit 36 as an action unit 36, and can thus be positioned and/or separated from the drum 26 as a whole and independently of all other such action units 36, respectively.

The action units 36 each comprise a magnet element carrier 37 on or in which the magnet elements 24 are arranged on their outwardly directed sides. The at least one suction element 34 may be integrated into the magnet element carrier 37 as part of the magnet element carrier or be arranged on the magnet element carrier as a separate part. Preferably, the action unit 36 comprises at least one suction element 34 on each side of the magnet element 24, seen in the axial direction of the drum 26. The respective suction element 34 comprises, in the surface directed outwards, i.e. outwards of the drum 26 and/or at the level of the drum envelope, a plurality of suction openings 42, for example cover elements 41 which are arranged to cover the suction air channel 39 (see, for example, fig. 11) in the suction element 34 and which are preferably detachably fastened above the suction channel 39. The channel structure, which is not visible in the figures, leads from the respective suction air channel 39 through the action unit 36 to a bottom-side line connection 43, which is formed, for example, by at least one recess 43 (see, for example, fig. 11) of the action unit 36, which is open toward the interior of the drum, in the bottom thereof. Air can be sucked from the suction opening 42 connected via the channel structure and the suction air channel 39 by means of at least one recess 43 or the line connection 43 formed here and assigned to the application unit 36.

The application units 36 can in principle be arranged in a matrix-like manner indirectly or directly in the embodiment not shown or can be arranged on the axially extending drum inner body 32, in particular on the cylindrical shell surface 44 of the shaft 32. The drum inner body or shaft has, for example, on a longitudinal section that indirectly or directly carries the magnet element 24, a suction air opening 46 that is directed radially outwards as a line connection 46 for guiding suction air and that is in line connection, for example, via a radial through-hole 47, for example, a hole 47, with a channel 48, for example, a suction air channel 48, that extends, for example, axially in the shaft 32 and is to be acted upon by suction air from at least one drum end.

In the case of the application units 36 being arranged directly, i.e. indirectly, in a matrix fashion or being able to be arranged on the axially extending drum inner body 32 or the aforementioned housing surface 44 of the shaft 32, the application units 36 are positioned on the housing surface 44 in such a way that the free cross section of the line connection 43 on the bottom of the application unit 36, here for example the aforementioned recess 43 in the bottom of the respective application unit 36, overlaps with at least one line connection 43 formed by the suction air opening 46 in the shaft 32. The recess 43 described above forms, for example, a chamber 43 delimited at the bottom by a housing surface 44, wherein a wall that completely surrounds the recess 43 forms a sealing surface surrounding the sealing chamber 43 in the foot region of the application unit 36 together with the region opposite the housing surface 44 of the shaft 32. In this embodiment, air is sucked from the suction opening 42 in the relevant suction element 34 via the suction air channel 39 and the channel structure, via the pipe connection 43 of the action unit 36, for example formed by the recess 43, and at least one suction air opening 46 of the drum inner 32, and the suction air channel 48. For such an embodiment, suitable fastening means, for example in the form of clamping or screw connections, are provided, by means of which the respective application unit 36 can be fastened to the housing surface 44.

However, in the particularly advantageous embodiment shown here, the application units 36 are not or can be arranged directly on the drum inner body 32 or on a section of the shaft 32 with the suction air openings 46, but rather a plurality of or preferably all of the application units 36 provided for the respective column are arranged as a group or can be arranged on the above-mentioned, in particular annular carrier elements 31, for example annular elements 31, wherein advantageously at least the carrier elements 31 that are outermost on both sides, but preferably all of the carrier elements 31 carrying the respective groups or columns of application units 36 can vary in their axial position on the drum inner body 32 or shaft 32.

The ring-shaped support element 31 or the ring-shaped element 31 preferably has a line connection 49 assigned to the associated support element 31 in each case on the side facing inwards, i.e. in the assembled state, toward the drum inner body 32 or the shaft 32 and on the side facing outwards; 51, also has a channel structure connecting one or more inner line interfaces 49 to one or more outer line interfaces 51 to conduct suction air. In this case, recesses 49 are provided on the inner side as line connections 49, for example in a wall 52 facing the interior of the drum, which recesses are each connected via one or more channels 53 extending in the ring element 31 to an outer line connection 51 through the carrier element 31 and hold the line, for example, by radially extending bores 54, for example, holes 54. Although the openings of the individual bores 54 also lead outside into recesses 51 in the outwardly directed wall 56 of the carrier element 31, which for example form the external line connection 51.

The ring element 31 is or is positioned, for example, in particular on the shell surface 44 in such a way that the respective line connection 49 on the inner side of the ring element 31, here for example the recess 49 described above, overlaps the free cross section with at least one suction air opening 46 in the shaft 32 or the drum inner body 32. The recess 49 is formed here, for example, in a chamber 49 delimited at the bottom by the housing surface 44, the surface of the inwardly directed wall 52 of the annular element 31 lying outside the recess 49 forming a sealing surface of the sealing chamber 49 together with the region of the housing surface 44 lying opposite. In a similar manner, the application unit 36 is positioned, for example, in particular on the outwardly directed side of the ring element 31 in such a way that the line connection 43 overlaps at least one external line connection 51 on the outwardly directed side of the ring element 31 at the bottom of the application unit 36, here for example the above-mentioned free cross section of the recess 43 in the bottom of the relevant application unit 36. The recess 43 forms a chamber 43, for example, delimited at the bottom by an outer wall 56, wherein a wall part surrounding the recess 43 entirely forms a sealing surface of the sealing chamber 43 in the foot region of the application unit 36 together with the region opposite the wall 56 of the carrier element 31. In this embodiment, the suction air is conveyed from the suction opening 42 in the associated suction element 34 via the suction air channel 39 and the channel structure via the line connection 43, for example, formed by the overlapping recesses 43 and 51; 51. the channel structure of the ring element 31, the line connection 49 and the at least one suction air opening 46 on the inside of the ring, for example formed by a recess 49, and the suction air channel 48, and the suction air source located outside the drum 26, for example via a rotary feedthrough, draw in air.

The positions and shapes of the suction air openings 46 or the corresponding pattern of the line interfaces 46 on the drum inner body 32 and of the line interface(s) 43 or the recess (es) 43 that are matched in the bottom region of the application unit 36 in relation to the first variant described above (without the carrier element 31) are preferably coordinated with one another in such a way that the successive positioning of the application unit 36 in the circumferential direction of two suction air openings 46 spaced apart in the circumferential direction is achieved in at least one adjustment range on the shaft 32 in the following manner: in a first variant, in each position within the relevant adjustment range, at least one of the suction air openings 46 or the line connections 46 is completely covered by the underside of the application unit 36, while at the same time the open cross section of the at least one suction air opening 46 or the line connection 46 at least partially overlaps the line connection 43 or the recess 43 of the underside of the application unit 36.

In connection with the second variant (comprising the carrier element 31), the respective pattern of suction air openings 46 or line interfaces 46 on the drum inner body 32 and the position and shape of the cooperating line interface(s) 49 or recess(s) 49 on the inner side of the carrier element 31 and the cooperating line interface 51;43 or a notch 51; the positions and shapes of 43 on the one hand on the outside of the carrier element 31 and on the other hand in the bottom region of the application unit 36 are preferably coordinated with one another such that: the continuous positioning of the application unit 36 according to the second variant in the circumferential direction over the adjustment range of the at least two line connections 51 or recesses 51 on the outside of the carrier element 31 is achieved in such a way that the at least one line connection 51 or recess 51 on the outside of the carrier element 31 is completely covered by the underside of the application unit 36, while at the same time the open cross section of the at least one line connection 51 or recess 51 on the outside of the carrier element 31 at least partially overlaps the line connection 43 or recess 43 on the underside of the application unit 36.

In connection with the variable positioning, in a particularly advantageous development, the line connections 46 are provided on the support element 31 in the axial direction and/or in the circumferential direction at more points than are required for a single specific operating configuration; 51. however, in order to allow passage through the line connection 46 which is not covered by the application unit 36 or the ring element 31; 51 does not suck false air, is provided with a closing mechanism 57;58, by means of which the line connection 46 is uncovered by the application unit 36 or the carrier element 31; 51, a feed-through 47;54 may be selectively closed on the drum inner body 32 and/or on the outer circumference of the carrier element 31. In the simplest case, this may involve a kind of insertion of the relevant through-hole 47 for the purpose of closing; 54 and can be removed again from the feedthrough if necessary.

In the passages 47 and 54 to be selectively closed, however, a valve 57 is preferably provided, for example; a closing mechanism 57 of 58; 58, which are fed or can be fed into the closed position in the through-openings 47 or 54 by the through-openings 47 or 54 which are not covered by the action unit 36 or by the carrier element 31 or only partly, while at least some of the through-openings 47 or 54 are completely covered by the line connection 46 of the action unit 36 or of the carrier element 31; 51 into or can be brought into the on position.

Such a closing mechanism 57;58 is in the form of a valve 57;58, the valve may be selectively moved to either the on position or the off position without removal or insertion. In an advantageous embodiment, in particular, the holes 47 are provided; 54 through-hole 47;54 are connected in line only with the channels 48 and 53 of the drum inner body 32 or the support element 31, which channels are connected on the suction side, in the clear cross section. A valve 57;58, for example in a particularly advantageous embodiment by means of a sleeve 57;58, which sleeve has a recess 61 in a side wall 62 on one side, which recess 61 in a rotational position representing a conducting position opens into the channel 48 adjoining on the suction side in the drum inner body 32 or in the carrier element 31; 53, while in different rotational positions the recess is interrupted by the sleeve wall with the associated channel 47; 54. In an advantageous embodiment, a sleeve-like valve 57;58, for example in a further outward section at least in the assembled state, has an operating interface 63 engageable with the tool 59, the valve 57; via which 58 can be rotated between the conducting position and the closing position by means of a corresponding tool 59, in particular without having to be removed. For example, a polygonal key 59 and a sleeve 57 are used as the respective tool interface pairs 59, 63; 58 are designed as inner circles Zhou Fenduan of inner polygonal sections 63 for use.

In a modification of the drum 26, a support element 66 is provided between two rows or groups of the structural units or action units 36, which support element has a support surface 67 at the level of the drum envelope end; 68 for supporting the substrate 02 fed via the drum 26. The support surface 67 may be an outwardly directed cylindrical surface 67 of the annular support disk 64 or an outwardly directed surface 68 of a support plate 71 arranged on a support disk 69 made of synthetic material or metal. The term "circular" shall also include here a support disk 69 which is not completely closed in the circumference, i.e. in the form of a circular ring segment.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment for fastening the magnet elements 24 to the drum 26, several or all of the magnet elements 24 of a group are supported on a common annular carrier element 31 and can be positioned on the carrier element 31 in the circumferential direction, the magnet elements 24 or the magnet element carrier 37 carrying the magnet elements 24 having at least one clamping element 72 on both sides as seen in the axial direction; 73. such as clamping bar 72;73, which in each case engage below the clamping-effective end in the assembled state on the respective end face of the annular carrier element 31, extend in the circumferential direction and are directed inwards, i.e. with their surface normal to the interior of the drum and/or through the clamping element 72 located in the clamping position; 73 cooperate to prevent radial removal of the magnet element 24 or the magnet element carrier 37; 77. Here, the stop surface 74;77 are in a particularly advantageous embodiment grooves 76 extending in the circumferential direction in the carrier element 31 at the end side; 78, clamping element 72;73 are engaged into the slot with their effective, e.g. claw or clip-like ends. Here, a stop surface 74 extending in the circumferential direction; 77 or a slot 76;78 except for a stop surface 74 that preferably extends over the entire angular range or circumference; 77 or a slot 76;78 or stop surfaces 74 extending through the relevant arc segment as shown; 77 or a slot 76;78, further comprises an optionally interrupted stop surface 74 which continues in a plurality of circular arc segments; 77 or a slot 76;78. however, the latter may limit the variability of positioning in the circumferential direction. In addition to a strictly radially inwardly directed surface, the "inwardly" directed surface here also refers to a surface vector which is inclined thereto, converges to the interior of the drum, but preferably as a circumferential surface, is directed at the same location for each end surface towards the drum axis, and is the clamping element 72;73 provides a stop against radial movement. In an advantageous embodiment variant, in particular in order to increase the stability of the support, two clamping elements 72 are present on each side, spaced apart in the circumferential direction; 73 or clamping element 72;73 with two jaws which cooperate with the carrier element 31 at a distance from each other.

Even if the clamping element 72;73 can in principle also be embodied as a single-arm lever 72;73, but which is preferably a lever 72 that is double-armed and pivotable about an axis 81, for example a pivot axis 81, supported on the magnet element 24 or its holder 28 or the structural unit 36 comprising the magnet element 24; 73, the lever arm of which nearer to the centre of the drum has a stop surface 74;77, e.g. claw-like or clip-like members, and lever arms located further outside for operation. Preferably, the clamping element 72;73 in a self-secure manner, for example by being in the lever 72; 73. in particular the lever arm located further outside and the effective spring element 79, in particular the compression spring 79, between the magnet element 24 or the holder 28 or the structural unit 36 are spring-preloaded in such a way that: in the rest state, i.e. without operation, the clamping element is in the clamped position and holds the magnet element 24 or the holder 38 or the structural unit 36 on the carrier element 31. The described securing means provide particular advantages together with an assembly aid 97 explained in more detail below.

Using a securing mechanism 72; 73. the above-described fastening of 74, 77 is basically independent of, but advantageously also dependent on, the upper assembly 36, in particular the application unit 36 and/or the suction air guide or supply and/or the axial displaceability of the individual magnet elements 24 and/or the displaceability of the individual magnet elements 24 in the circumferential direction. By means of the clamping element 72;73, the connection can be separated from the outside without removing the associated magnet element 24. By the adjustability following each other, the separation can take place to such an extent that: the associated magnet elements 24 can be positioned in the circumferential direction against friction forces that may still be present, but without the risk of, for example, tipping over, slipping or falling over.

An optionally provided line 84 is shown or represented, for example, on a part of fig. 11, 12 and 14, which line provides a signal and/or electrical energy to the motor in the case of a rotatable design of the magnet 27 in the magnet element 24 by means of the motor.

As already described above in connection with fig. 2 and 3, the corresponding columns of the imaged printing material extending in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 14 relate to the same column of sheets 09 arranged or capable of being arranged one behind the other on the substrate 02. These sheets 09 are ideally aligned with each other in the transport direction T and have a uniform width. In contrast, if, for example, a substrate 02, which may have been previously printed with a pattern of sheets 09, is deformed in a trapezoidal manner during the upstream process or as a result of other mechanical or physical stresses, the thus modified geometry can be overcome by correspondingly changing the arrangement of the printing substrate 18 on the plate cylinder 14. The printed matter 18 of the individual columns are then, for example, not exactly aligned with one another in the circumferential direction, but are, for example, partially located on a spiral line which is slightly inclined to the circumferential line (for example, shown enlarged in fig. 3 for better perception). In this case, the width of the sheet 09 on the substrate 02 increases, for example, from the front end to the rear end 02 of the substrate segment or of the substrate sheet or, if appropriate, vice versa, when a corresponding reverse feed is carried out, for example, at the beginning of the printing press 01. However, there may be other reasons to cause a shift in the relative position between the axial position of each magnet element 24 and the target position, thereby affecting the effect of such a shift on the substrate 02, e.g. the axial positioning of the magnet elements 24 on the drum 26 or the like is also slightly incorrect.

In principle, independently of the arrangement of the magnet elements 24 in the above-described structural unit 36 and/or of the embodiment of the above-described fastening device and/or of the adjustability in the circumferential direction, but preferably in relation to one or more of the above-described advantageous embodiments, at least one magnet element 24 is therefore in a particularly advantageous embodiment supported directly or indirectly on the cylinder body 29 of the magnet cylinder 26, at least in a plurality of, preferably in all circumferentially extending columns or groups of magnet elements 24, independently of at least one further magnet element 24 in the same column or group, respectively, in an adjustable or movable manner at least in the axial direction. Preferably, a plurality, advantageously at least all, but one, particularly advantageously all of the magnet elements 24 of the same group are axially movably supported independently of the other magnet elements 24 of the group, and/or at least two of the at least three columns or groups are supported close to the end side, in particular a plurality, advantageously all but one or all of the magnet elements 24 are supported independently of the other magnet elements 24 of the respective column. Thus, the random or systematic relative offset of the individual magnet elements 24 described above can be readjusted or corrected in the axial position. In particular in connection with the above-described indirect support of the magnet elements 24 on the magnet element carrier 37, which is arranged directly or indirectly via the above-described carrier element 31 on the roller body 29, such axially adjustable magnet elements 24 are preferably axially adjustable on the associated magnet element carrier 37 with respect to the latter. Alternatively or preferably additionally, a plurality or all of the magnet elements 24 or in particular the magnet element carriers 37 on the roller body 29 can be individually adjustable in the circumferential direction.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the drum 26 with n×m magnet elements 24 arranged in a matrix, at least two or all of the magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other in the same column are supported on or at the common carrier element 31 mentioned above and can be varied together with the carrier element and independently of adjacent groups with respect to their axial position in or on the drum 26, furthermore, at least two or preferably all of the magnet elements 24 in these or preferably in each column are supported on respective magnet element carriers 37 which are positionable on the common carrier element 31 and/or separable from the carrier element 31 in the circumferential direction independently of one another and are adjustable in the axial direction on the associated magnet element carrier 37 within an adjustment range of, for example, at least 1mm, preferably at least 2mm in total.

In this embodiment, the axially movable magnet 27 or the holder 28 is indirectly carried via an associated magnet element carrier 37, which magnet element carrier 37 carries the respective at least axially movable magnet element 24 and can preferably be positioned itself variably in the circumferential direction on the ring element 31.

In a simple and less complex embodiment (see for example fig. 10), the respective magnet element 24 or holder 28 is fixed in or on the magnet element carrier 37 or its holder 28 by means of a fixing mechanism 83 (for example a screw 83) in such a way that, after at least partial loosening of the fixing, for example by at least partial loosening of the screw 83 using a respective tool, the magnet element 24 or holder 28 is separated to such an extent that it is axially movable at least within the relevant adjustment range on the magnet element carrier 37. The fastening means 83, for example designed as screws 83, can be achieved, for example, by recesses designed as elongated holes 82 in the bottom region of the holder 28 which accommodates the magnet element 24 after removal of the magnet element 24.

However, in contrast to, for example, purely manual and/or tool-free movements, the movement or adjustment of the magnet element 24 or of the holder 28 comprised by it in the axial direction is preferably performed via mechanical adjustment mechanisms 86, 87, 89, in particular comprising a transmission.

Although the adjustment mechanisms 86, 87, 89 which bring about the axial movement can be realized by any suitable mechanism or transmission, in the case shown and which are particularly advantageous, these comprise a transmission, in particular an eccentric drive, which converts the rotational movement, in particular on the input side, of the magnet element 24 or of the holder 28 carrying the magnet element 24 indirectly or directly into a linear movement, in particular an eccentric drive, which converts the rotational movement of the eccentric 86 (the eccentric 86 being formed, for example, by an eccentrically mounted shaft section 86) into a linear movement, which extends here in the axial direction, of the carrier element 87 carrying the magnet element 34 or the holder 28 thereof indirectly or directly by way of an active surface on the eccentric housing side and which is supported in a linearly movable manner in or on the magnet element carrier 37. The eccentric 86 is preferably operated with its axis of rotation in the radial direction relative to the drum 26 and/or can be operated indirectly or directly from the drum side pointing outwards. For this purpose, for example, the shaft 89 surrounding the eccentric 86 or continuing outwards thereof has an actuating interface 88, for example an inner polygonal portion 88, in the region of its outwardly directed end, which can be actuated, in particular pivotable, by means of a corresponding tool, here, for example, a polygonal key. Instead of an eccentric 86 arranged radially with respect to the axis of rotation, a tangential position or a position parallel to the tangent is also conceivable, in which case the eccentric can be actuated from the side pointing in the circumferential direction or from the outside via an angular transmission, for example.

The axial adjustment range, as seen from the central position, is for example at least + -1.0 mm (i.e. an adjustment travel of at least 2mm in total), preferably at least + -1.2 mm, for example + -1.5 mm.

In the embodiment described above as the action unit 36 comprising at least one suction element 34, in an example variant, the at least one suction element 34 can be moved axially together with the magnet element 24 on the magnet element carrier 37. The corresponding suction air connection can be provided here, for example, by a relatively movable sealing surface or a flexible line.

The relative position between the position of the individual magnet elements 24 in the circumferential direction of the drum 26 and the target position of the influence of the magnet elements on the substrate 02 may also be offset in the transport direction T, which may be a number of reasons, for example the limited possibilities of rough and/or manual presetting on the drum body 29 or in particular on the carrier element 31 provided if necessary.

In principle, independently of the arrangement of the magnet elements 24 in the above-described structural unit 36 and/or independently of the embodiment from the above-described fastening means and/or independently of the adjustability in the axial direction, but preferably in connection with the one or more advantageous embodiments mentioned, at least in a plurality of, preferably in all, axially extending rows of magnet elements 24, at least one further magnet element 24 of at least one magnet element 24, independently of the same row, is supported, at least in the circumferential direction, adjustably or movably, indirectly or directly on the cylinder body 29 of the magnet cylinder 26. Preferably, in a plurality of rows, in particular in all rows, a plurality of, advantageously at least all but one, but particularly advantageously all, magnet elements 24 of the same row are supported axially movably independently of the other magnet elements 24 of the row.

Alternatively or in addition, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the drum 26 with magnet elements 24 arranged in a matrix-like manner, at least two magnet elements 24 arranged one behind the other in the same column are arranged on or in magnet element carriers 37 which are different from one another and can be positioned on the drum 26 independently of one another in the circumferential direction, at least two, in particular all, magnet elements 24 arranged on the respective magnet element carriers 37 being adjustably supported in the circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier 37 carrying the magnet elements 24 over a total adjustment range of at least 1mm, preferably at least 2 mm. This preferably applies to at least two or all of the magnet elements 24 of all columns.

In contrast to, for example, purely manual and/or tool-free movements, the movement or positioning of the magnet element 24 or the holder 28 enclosed by it in the circumferential direction is preferably effected via mechanical, in particular actuator-comprising, adjusting means 91, 92, 94.

In this way, an adjusting or regulating movement in the circumferential direction shall explicitly include, in addition to a movement in an arcuate path, a movement along a linear movement path extending tangentially or parallel to the tangent line over the circumference in the relevant adjustment range. Here, like the cylinder diameter, this is generally a very small relevant adjustment range, so that a linear adjustment stroke does not generally lead to an unacceptably large imaging error.

Although the adjustment mechanisms 91, 92, 94 which bring about a circumferential displacement can be realized by any suitable mechanism or transmission, in the case shown and which are particularly advantageous, these comprise a transmission, in particular an eccentric drive, which converts a rotational movement, in particular on the input side, for example indirectly or directly, into a linear movement, in particular of the magnet element 24 or of the holder 28 carrying the magnet element 24, the eccentric drive bringing about a rotational movement of the eccentric 91, for example of the eccentric 91 formed by the eccentrically mounted shaft section 91, into a linear movement of the slide 92 which carries the magnet element 24 or of the carrier 92 thereof, for example indirectly or directly, via an active surface on the eccentric housing side, which cooperates indirectly or directly and supports the magnet element carrier 37 in or on it in a linear movement. In the above sense, linear motion should be based on work, preferably linear, but also possibly motion in a circular arc. The eccentric 91 extends with its axis of rotation preferably radially relative to the drum 26 and/or can be operated from the drum side directed outwards. For this purpose, for example, the shaft 94, which surrounds the eccentric 91 or is continuous outward, has an actuating interface 93, for example an inner polygon 93, in its outwardly directed end region, which can be actuated, in particular pivotable, by means of a corresponding tool, here, for example, a polygon key. As an alternative to an eccentric 91 arranged radially with respect to the axis of rotation, a tangential position or a position parallel to the tangent is also conceivable, wherein the eccentric can be actuated from the outside, for example, from the side pointing in the circumferential direction or via an angular transmission.

The adjustment range in the circumferential view as seen from the central position is, for example, at least ±1.0mm for 100 μm (i.e. a total adjustment travel of at least 2 mm), preferably at least ±1.2mm, for example ±1.5 mm.

In the above-described embodiment as the action unit 36 comprising at least one suction element 34, in one embodiment variant, the at least one suction element 34 can be moved in the circumferential direction together with the magnet elements 24 on the magnet element carrier 37. In this case, corresponding suction air passages can be provided, for example by means of relatively movable sealing surfaces or flexible lines.

For the axial and adjustability of the magnet elements 24 on the respective magnet element carriers 37 in the circumferential direction, two carriages 87;92 can be arranged indirectly or directly on top of each other and/or on top of each other in the manner of crisscross guides.

The relative positioning of the magnet elements 24 in the axial and/or circumferential direction can be achieved in one of the above-described ways in an embodiment variant by means of a respective remote control drive, for example an eccentric 86; 91. for example by driving an electric motor of the reduction gear.

In principle, independently of the abovementioned adjustability of the magnet element 24 in the structural unit 36 and/or in the axial direction and/or in the circumferential direction, but preferably in connection with the one or more advantageous embodiments mentioned, an assembly aid 97 is provided which has already been mentioned above and which can be placed on the magnet element 24 or on the magnet element carrier 37 carrying the magnet element 24 or on the structural unit 36 comprising the magnet element 24 and by means of which the clamping seat or clamping connection between the clamping element 72 and the carrier element 31 on both sides is made detachable. Preferably, the clamping by the assembly aid 97 or the drive 102 included in the assembly device 97 and in particular manually operable can be separated and opened not only to the extent that the magnet element 24 or the structural unit 36 including the magnet element can be removed from the carrier element 31, but also in the intermediate position to the extent that the magnet element 24 or the structural unit 36 is not yet completely free in terms of the strength or the opening degree of the clamping, but can be separated as a whole in the circumferential direction positioned at the carrier element 31. The degree of opening can be adjusted in this case such that the clamping element 72;73, there is still a touch contact but positioning is possible when any small friction forces that may still be present are overcome. For this purpose, the actuating arm 98 can be preferably continuously mounted on the clamping element 72 by means of a drive 102; 73 are positioned on the adjustment stroke between a clamping position, in which they generate a complete clamping force on the carrier element 31, and a position, in which they are separated to such an extent that the magnet element 24 or the magnet element carrier 37 carrying the magnet element can be removed from the carrier element 31.

In order to be able to carry out simple handling from the outside of the drum and/or in particular also to carry out such defined opening, the assembly aid 97, in addition to the base 104 which can be placed on the associated magnet element 24 or on the associated structural unit 36, also comprises an actuating arm 98 on both end faces 98 which extends radially to both end faces of the magnet element 24 or the structural unit 36 and which is or can be associated with the clamping element 72 on the end face or the respective end face; 73 are operatively connected to operate the clamping element. Furthermore, the assembly aid 97 comprises the aforementioned drive 102, in particular the adjustment drive 102, by means of which the actuating arm 98 can be moved into a first position in which the actuating arm 98 opens the clamping element 72, for example against the aforementioned spring force, to the extent that; 73 such that the magnet element 24 or the structural unit 36 can be mounted on the carrier element 31 or can be completely separated from the carrier element 31 up to the clamping element 72;73 creates a second position of full clamping force on the carrier element 31, while the operating arm 98 does not yet absorb forces opposing the clamping force. Preferably, all positions therebetween are adjustable by the drive means.

At the clamping element 72;73 as a double arm lever 72;73, respectively, are indirectly or directly engaged on the lever arms located closer together and are moved towards each other, i.e. respectively in the direction of the carrier element 31, by the drive 102 in order to open the clamping connection, and can be moved apart again from each other in order to close the clamping connection. For two clamping elements 72 arranged next to each other; 73, for example, by means of a coupling 96 which connects two further outer lever arms to one another, for example a coupling shaft 96 which is supported in the two outer lever arms, which coupling corresponds to a respective actuating arm 98, for example, also simultaneously serves as a point of action. At each clamping element 72;73, the respective operating arm 98 may act indirectly or directly on the relative clamping element 72;73 on the more outwardly located lever arm.

In principle, any drive means can be considered as drive mechanism 102, by means of which the two opposing operating arms 98 can be moved toward and away from each other in the above-described sense. However, a drive mechanism with a self-locking transmission is preferred here, as is given for example by a screw drive. Thus, the drive 102 comprises, for example, a first part 99, for example a first part 99, which carries the actuating arm 98 on one side, and a drive part 99, for example a second sleeve 101, which carries the actuating arm 98 on the other side, which is mounted so as to be rotationally fixed but axially movable relative to the first part 99, and a screw drive, which is formed internally, by means of which the two parts 99 of the drive 102 can be rotated via a screw spindle, which is not shown on the one hand, and by means of a manual actuating interface 103, for example a rotary handle 103; the internal threads on the other part of 101 enable the parts carrying the operating arm 98 to be moved apart or closer to each other.

In the embodiment of the magnet drum 26 with the variable, in particular annular, support elements 31 in their axial position, these axially positionable support elements or annular elements 31 can in principle be fixed in any manner that enables a detachable connection between the respective support element 31 and the drum inner body 32 and an axial relative movement. In particular, a connection is particularly advantageous in which these line connections 46 are surrounded in the region of the pair of line connections which conduct suction air from the line structure 46 on the shaft 32 and the cooperating line connection 49 on the inwardly directed wall 52 of the ring element 31; the faces 49 are pressed together by means of the connection piece, so that these line connections form sealing surfaces which are as closed as possible against penetration by suction air.

In principle, irrespective of the arrangement of the magnet elements 24 in the aforementioned structural unit 36 and/or of the aforementioned adjustability in the axial direction and/or of the aforementioned adjustability in the circumferential direction and/or irrespective of the aforementioned clamping direction with respect to the clamping magnet elements 24 or the holders 29 or the structural unit 36, but preferably in connection with one or more of the advantageous embodiments mentioned, clamping means are provided for the fastening of the ring element 31, by means of which clamping means the carrier element or the ring element 31 can be clamped onto the cylinder inner body 32, which is designed in particular as a shaft 32, in such a way that the aforementioned sealing surfaces can be formed. In this case, the embodiment of the ring element 31 actually designed as a ring segment is advantageous in that the inner diameter of the ring element 31 in the range of the segmentation angle is slightly greater, for example by 2 to 50 μm, in particular 5 to 20 μm, than the outer diameter of the drum inner body 32, which is designed as a shaft 32 in the range of the mating angle.

In the case of the already explained drum 26 with the magnet elements 24 arranged in a column, a plurality or all of the columns of magnet elements 24 are arranged as respective groups on the respective carrier elements 31. The respective support element 31 is here explicitly embodied as an annular support element 31 in the form of an annular segment, i.e. it is interrupted over a certain angular range, and has front and rear ends 106 with respect to the production rotation direction D; 107. the production direction of rotation D is defined, for example, by the arrangement of the tensioning strips already mentioned above, which have grippers 33 on the front end 106 of the ring-segment-shaped ring element 31 that open and close during operation to pick up the substrate webs 02. At the front end 106 of the segment. The respective support element 31 is arranged detachably on a drum inner body 32 surrounded by the drum 26 and can be changed in its axial position in the detached state. In order to fix the carrier element 31 in a desired position on the drum inner body 32, the front and rear ends 106 of the carrier element 31 in the form of annular segments are provided in a state in which the carrier element 31 is fitted on the drum inner body 32; in the region between 107, tensioning means 108 are provided on the cylinder body 32, by means of which two circumferentially spaced-apart ends 106 are clamped; 107 may be loaded with forces directed towards each other in the circumferential direction by an adjustment mechanism 109 comprised by the tensioning device 108. The annular element 31 in the form of an annular segment is thereby sealingly pressed against the housing surface of the shaft 32 by a slightly elastic deformation if necessary, so that the sealing surface can be realized.

The tensioning device 108 is here in particular engaged at both ends 106 of the carrier element 31; 107 and can be varied in the circumferential direction by an adjustment mechanism 109 comprised by the tensioning device 108 in terms of its length effective for the coupling on both sides.

Preferably, the tensioning device 108 comprises a front and a rear end 106 at the carrier element 31; the tensioning strips 111 which are arranged on the circumference of the drum inner 32 in the region between 107 and are fixed at least on one side to prevent a relative movement in the circumferential direction with respect to the drum inner 32. Preferably, however, the tensioning strip 111 and the drum inner 32 are secured against torsion in the circumferential direction by pairs of stops which are effective in both rotational directions. Such a fixing can be achieved, for example, by a corresponding offset of the inner circumferential line of the ring element 31 and of the outer circumferential line of the drum inner body 32 acting as a stop pair. In the advantageous embodiment shown here, however, such a relative torsion-resistant means is provided by a so-called engagement element 112, also commonly referred to as a key 112, which is anchored, for example, in the shell surface of the drum inner body 32 and which engages exactly with a recess, in particular a groove, in the tensioning strip 111, and vice versa. The advantage of the mating element 112 with corresponding mating recesses is that the roller inner body 32 can be easily fitted radially with the tensioning strip 111. In addition to the anti-twist protection, a fastening means, not shown, such as a screw, can be provided, by means of which the tensioning strip 111 can be fastened radially to the drum inner body 32.

Preferably, in the relaxed state of the tensioning device 108, i.e. in the weak state, directly or after releasing the above-described fastening means, the tensioning strip 111 can then be removed from the drum inner body 32 when the carrier element 31 remains on the drum inner body 32, or can be inserted onto the drum inner body 32 in the region of the interruption when the ring element 31 has been positioned on the drum inner body 32.

In an advantageous embodiment, the tensioning device 108 is static, i.e. at the tensioning slat 111 and the relevant end 107;106, engaged at the end 107 in a fixed relative circumferential position therebetween; 106, preferably on the rear end 107, and on the other end, preferably on the front end 106, the spacing can be varied by means of an adjustment mechanism 109, i.e. tensioning the slats 111 and the associated other end 106;107 in a variable circumferential relative position between them. This means: for example by adjusting the junction point and thus also the relevant end 106;107 may be moved closer to the tensioning strip 111 or may be returned to the starting position again, for example by means of a resilient return force in the ring element 31.

For a static engagement, an effective positive locking in the circumferential direction is achieved, for example, by the associated end 107; a stop pair acting between 106 and tensioning slat 111. The stop pairs 106, 107 are formed, for example, on the end 107 of the ring element 31 by opposing faces of a hook-shaped projection on the tensioning strip 111 and a hook-shaped projection 117 which engages in opposite directions, for example, by an action hanging edge 117.

In a preferred embodiment, at the relevant end 106 by an adjustment mechanism 109; the engagement points 107 are located, viewed in the circumferential direction, in a straight line or at least with a deviation of not more than 5 ° at a point at the circumference of the drum inner body 32 where a tangent line extends parallel to the adjustment direction of the adjustment mechanism 109. This is within the small adjustment range present here such that: an end 106 that is pulled by an adjustment mechanism 109; 107 are in principle loaded with forces in tangential direction, thereby eliminating radial deformations that may occur due to the direction of the forces deviating from the tangential line.

Although it is in principle also possible to implement it in another way, the adjusting mechanism 109 can preferably be formed directly in the end region of the ring element 31 by means of a threaded drive 113, 114 which is supported on the tensioning rail 111 and can be operated manually, for example, a threaded rod 113, in particular a screw 113, which is rotatably mounted in the tensioning rail 111, and a corresponding thread 114, for example, a threaded sleeve 114, or preferably in a tensioning mechanism 116 which is coupled to the ring element 31 and can be shifted in the adjustment direction of the threaded drive 113, 114 by means of the threaded drive 113, 114, wherein the tensioning mechanism 116 is designed and arranged in cooperation with the associated end 106 by means of a stop surface acting in the circumferential direction. The stop pairs are formed on the ring element 31, for example, as a hanging edge 118, by opposing faces of the tensioning means 116, which are designed as traction strips 116, and of the hook-shaped projections 118, which receive the tensioning strips 116.

In an advantageous development, the tensioning rail 116, viewed in a cross section extending perpendicular to the drum axis, is at least partially immersed in the tensioning rail 111 in the form and cross section of the corresponding recess 122 or recesses 122 in the form and cross section, so that a movement of the tensioning rail 116 in the adjustment direction, guided by the recesses 122, is ensured.

In principle, for each annular element 31 to be fastened, a respective tensioning strip 111 and/or a respective assigned tensioning means 116 can be provided. However, in a preferred embodiment, as seen in the axial direction of the drum 26, tensioning means 116 are provided which tension the slats 111 on a plurality or all of the carrying elements 31 arranged on the drum inner body 32 and/or extend in the axial direction of the drum 26 on a plurality or all of the carrying elements 31 arranged on the drum inner body 32. In this case, a fixed digital or spatial allocation of several of the adjusting means 109 or the screw drives 113, 114 to one ring element 31 is no longer necessary. The securing means can be maintained here regardless of the number and position of the ring elements 31, with which the consecutive or possibly segmented tensioning means 108 cooperate to clamp the tensioning means. In particular, one of the above will also be a tensioning device 108 without tensioning the slat 116, i.e. because the adjustment mechanism 109 directly engaged into the annular element 31 is not well suited for continuous positioning operation, since the possible position depends on the hole spacing of the threaded rod 113.

The tensioning strip 111 can be arranged and designed in such a way that it forms the bottom carrier of the tensioning strip in one piece or in multiple pieces at the same time. Here, for example, a bearing 121 carrying the gripper shaft 119 is arranged on the tensioning strip 111 forming the bottom carrier.

In a preferred embodiment, such a roller 26 is an integral part of the machine 01 described above and/or in particular advantageously adjustable in the axial and/or circumferential direction on the respective magnet element carrier 37 for the respective magnet element 24 and/or for having the respective magnet element or suction element 24;34 and/or one or more solutions for the clamping of the individual magnet elements 24 or their holders 28 or magnet element carriers 37 on the ring element 31.

List of reference numerals

Machine for producing optically variable graphics primitives, printing press, securities printing press

02 Substrate, printing material segment, printing material sheet and substrate sheet

03. Primitive(s)

04. Coating device, printing mechanism, flexographic printing mechanism and screen printing mechanism

05 -

06. Coating medium, printing ink and paint

07. Device for aligning magnetic particles in a graphic element, alignment device

08. Printing graphic element

09. Printed sheet, securities and banknote

10 -

11. Printing part

12. Feeding device and transfer drum

13. Base material storage and single paper feeder

14. Printing mechanism cylinder, plate cylinder and screen printing cylinder

15 -

16. Device for generating optically variable primitives

17. Impression cylinder

18. Printing elements, printing themes

19. Drying and/or curing device, radiation dryer, UV-LED dryer

20 -

21. Feeding device, gripper revolving feeding machine and chain gripper system

22. Product containing part, stacking paper collecting device

23. Dryer and radiation dryer

24. Action element, magnet element

25 -

26. Alignment device, roller and magnet roller

27. Magnet body

28. Holder and base

29. Roller body

30 -

31. Bearing element, annular element

32. Inner body and shaft of roller

33. Holding mechanism and gripping apparatus

34. Suction element

35 -

36. Structural unit, action unit and magnet unit

37. Magnet element carrier

38. Shell body

39. Suction air channel

40 -

41. Cover element

42. Suction opening

43. Pipeline joint, notch and cavity

44. Shell surface (belonging to 32)

45 -

46. Pipeline interface and suction air opening (belonging to 32)

47. Through part, drill hole

48. Channel and suction air channel

49. Pipeline joint and notch

50 -

51. Pipeline joint and notch

52. Wall with a wall body

53. Channel

54. Through part, drill hole

55 -

56. Wall with a wall body

57. Closing mechanism, valve and sleeve

58. Closing mechanism, valve and sleeve

59. Tool, polygonal wrench

60 -

61. Recess (es)

62. Wall portion

63. Operation interface, inner polygonal portion, inner circle Zhou Fenduan

64. Supporting disk

65 -

66. Bearing element

67. Supporting surface and face

68. Supporting surface

69. Supporting disk

70 -

71. Supporting plate

72. Clamping element, tensioning bar, rod

73. Clamping element, tensioning bar, rod

74. Stop surface

75 -

76. Groove(s)

77. Stop surface

78. Groove(s)

79. Spring element, compression spring

80 -

81. Axis, pivot axis

82. Long hole

83. Fixing mechanism and screw

84. Pipeline

85 -

86. Eccentric wheel and shaft segment

87. Slide and bearing element

88. Operation interface, inner polygonal part

89. Shaft

90 -

91. Eccentric wheel and shaft segment

92. Slide and bearing element

93. Operation interface, inner polygonal part

94. Shaft

95 -

96. Coupling piece and connecting shaft

97. Assembly auxiliary mechanism

98. Operating arm

99. First component, socket

100 -

101. Second component, socket

102. Driving device and manipulator

103. Operation interface, rotary handle

104. Base seat

105 -

106. At the front end (of 31)

107. At the rear end (of 31)

108. Clamping device

109. Adjusting mechanism

110 -

111. Tensioning slat

112. Matching element and sliding key

113. Threaded rod and screw

114. Screw thread and screw thread penetration part

115 -

116. Clamping device and traction lath

117. Extension and hanging edge

118. Extension and hanging edge

119. Grab shaft

120 -

121. Bearing

122. Recess, recess

D production rotation direction

P particles, pigment particles

T direction of transport

Claims

1. A drum (26) for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles (P) contained in a coating medium (06) on a substrate (02), which drum comprises in the region of its outer circumference n×m numbers (in other words N times m, where N, m e N > 1) of magnetic field-providing elements (24), simply magnet elements (24) which are arranged in N rows extending parallel to the axis and m columns extending in the circumferential direction, wherein at least two magnet elements (24) which are arranged one behind the other in the same column are arranged on or in mutually different magnet element carriers (37) which can be positioned independently of one another in the circumferential direction of the drum (26), characterized in that at least two magnet elements (24) which are arranged one behind the other on the respective magnet element carrier (37) are supported in a manner adjustable in the circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carrier (37) carrying the magnet elements (24) in the adjustment range.

2. A drum as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a plurality or all of the magnet elements (24) of a plurality or all of the columns are supported on the respective magnet element carriers (37) in a circumferential direction relative to the magnet element carriers in an adjustable manner within the adjustment range.

3. Roller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnet elements (24) which are adjustable in the circumferential direction on the respective magnet element carriers (37) are movable by means of mechanical adjusting mechanisms (91, 92, 94) and/or are adjustable in the circumferential direction by means of adjusting mechanisms (91, 92, 94) comprising a transmission which can convert a rotational movement into a linear movement.

4. A drum as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that a plurality of or all of the magnet elements (24) arranged on the magnet element carrier (37) in a manner movable in the circumferential direction are supported on the respective magnet element carrier (37) in an adjustable manner in relation to the respective magnet element carrier also in the axial direction within the adjustment range.

5. Roller according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnet elements (24) which are adjustable in the axial direction on the respective magnet element carriers (37) are movable by means of mechanical adjusting mechanisms (86, 87, 89) and/or are adjustable in the circumferential direction by means of adjusting mechanisms (86, 87, 89) comprising a transmission which converts a rotational movement into a linear movement.

6. A roller according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the transmission means for converting the rotary motion into a linear motion comprise an eccentric drive which converts the rotary motion of the eccentric (91; 86) into a linear motion running in the circumferential direction by contact of its eccentric shell-side active surface with a slide (92; 87), wherein the slide is indirectly or directly operatively connected and is supported in a linearly movable manner in or on the magnet element carrier (37) and indirectly or directly carries the magnet element (24).

7. A drum as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the rotational axis of the eccentric (91) extends radially to the drum (26) and/or that the eccentric (91) can be operated indirectly or directly from the outwardly directed drum side and/or by means of a tool.

8. A drum as claimed in claim 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one suction element (34) is provided for a plurality of magnet element carriers (37) having magnet elements (24) arranged in a manner movable in the circumferential direction, said at least one suction element being combined with the magnet element carriers (37) and the respective magnet elements (24) to form one structural unit (36) and being positionable on the drum (26) in the circumferential direction independently of all other such structural units (36) and/or separable from the drum (26).

9. The drum as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the structural unit (36) comprises at least one line connection (43) on the underside facing the interior of the drum, and the drum interior (32) which is surrounded by the drum (26) and carries the structural unit (36) indirectly or directly on its circumference comprises a plurality of line connections (46) on its outer side for conducting suction air.

10. A drum as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the carrier element (31) which accommodates the plurality of structural units (36) on its circumference and is carried by the drum inner body (32) comprises on its side directed towards the interior of the drum a plurality of line connections (49) which cooperate with line connections (46) for conducting suction air on the drum inner body (32) and on the outside a plurality of line connections (51) which cooperate with line connections (43) for conducting suction air of the structural units (36).

11. The drum as claimed in claim 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that a plurality of or all of the magnet element carriers (37) of a plurality of or all of the columns or the structural component (36) comprising the magnet element carriers (37) are arranged as groups in each case one behind the other in the circumferential direction on a common support element (31) which can be varied in terms of axial position in or on the drum (26).

12. The drum as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the magnet element carrier (37) or the structural unit (36) comprising the magnet element carrier (37) comprises, viewed in the axial direction of the drum (26), at least one clamping element (72; 73) on both sides, the effective ends of which, in the assembled state, each engage in the lower part one of the stop surfaces (74; 77), wherein the stop surfaces extend in the circumferential direction on both end faces of the annular carrier element (31) and are directed into the interior of the drum (26) and/or prevent the magnet element carrier (37) from being moved out radially by cooperation with the clamping elements (72; 73) in the clamped position.

13. A drum for aligning magnetic or magnetizable particles (P) contained in a coating medium (06) on a substrate (02), which drum has m groups of n magnetic field-providing elements (24) arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction, seen in the axial direction, each of which groups has n magnetic field-providing elements (24), wherein at least two or all of the magnetic elements (24) of a group are supported directly or via a holder (28) accommodating the magnetic elements (24) or a carrier (37) of the magnetic elements (24) on a common annular carrier element (31) arranged on the drum inner body (32) or on the carrier element and can be positioned in the circumferential direction on the carrier element (31), characterized in that on the respective magnetic element (24), on the holder (28) or the carrier (37) of the respective magnetic element or on a structural unit (36) comprising the carrier (37) of the magnetic element, seen in the axial direction, at least one end face (73) is fitted with a stop face (72) in each case, the stop surfaces extend in the circumferential direction on both end faces of the annular carrier element (31) and are directed into the interior of the drum (26) and/or prevent the magnet element (24), the holder (27) or the magnet element carrier (37) or the structural unit (36) from being moved out in the radial direction by engagement with the corresponding clamping elements (72; 73) located in the clamping position.

14. The drum as claimed in claim 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that a plurality or all of the magnet elements (24) of a plurality or all of the groups are arranged on the respective carrier element (31) via the respective magnet element carrier (37) and are supported on the magnet element carrier in an adjustable manner in the axial and/or circumferential direction with respect to the respective magnet element carrier (37).

15. Roller according to claim 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the stop surface (74; 77) is formed by a surface of a groove (76; 78) extending in the circumferential direction on the end side of the carrier element (31) which is directed towards the interior of the roller (26), into which groove the clamping element (72; 73) designed in the form of a single-or double-armed and/or spring-preloaded lever (72; 73) engages with the end of its lever arm that is effective for clamping.

16. Roller according to claim 12, 13, 14 or 15, characterized in that the clamping element (72; 73) is formed in the manner of a lever (72; 73) pivotable about an axis (81) supported on the magnet element (24), on a holder (28) carrying the magnet element or on a structural unit (36) comprising the magnet element (24), the lever arm of which lever arm lying close to the center of the roller has a portion cooperating with a stop surface (74; 77) to form a clamp, and the lever arm of which lever arm lying further outwards is used for operating the lever (72; 73).

17. The roller according to claim 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16, characterized in that the clamping element (72; 73) is spring-preloaded towards the carrier element (31) by means of a spring element (79) in such a way that: so that the carrier element is in the clamped position in the rest state, i.e. without operation.

18. The drum as claimed in claim 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that at least one suction element (34) is respectively assigned to at least two or all magnet elements (24) of a group of magnet elements (24) which are supported on the carrier element (31) or at the carrier element (31), said at least one suction element being combined with the respective magnet element (24) into one structural unit (36) and being positionable on the carrier element (31) in the circumferential direction independently of all other such structural units (36) and/or separable from the drum (26).

19. A drum as claimed in claim 9 or 18, characterized in that the structural unit (36) has at least one line connection (43) on the underside directed towards the interior of the drum, and the carrier element (31) has a plurality of line connections (51) on its outer side which cooperate with the line connections (43) of the structural unit (36) for conducting suction air.

20. A drum as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that a closing means (58) to be removed or movable from a closed position into a conductive position is optionally provided in the line connection (51) between two following structural units (36) on the outer circumference of the carrier element (31) and uncovered by the structural units (36).

21. System of a drum (26) according to any one of claims 1 to 20 comprising magnet elements (24) and means (97) for assembling and/or positioning the magnet elements (24) on the drum (26), wherein the means (97) can be placed as an assembly aid (97) onto the magnet elements (24) or onto a magnet element carrier (37) carrying the magnet elements (24), and the means (97) comprise an operating arm (98) which, in the state of being placed onto the magnet elements (24) or the magnet element carrier (37), can be brought into operative connection with clamping elements (72; 73) arranged on both sides of the respective magnet element (24), wherein the existing clamping connection between the clamping elements (72; 73) on both sides and the carrier element (31) can be released by means of the operating arm (98) by operating a drive mechanism (102) comprised by the assembly aid (97) and acting on the operating arm (98).

22. The system according to claim 21, characterized in that the operating arm (98) can be positioned continuously over an adjustment stroke between a clamping position, in which the clamping element (72; 73) generates a complete clamping force on the carrier element (31), and a release position, in which the clamping is such that the magnet element (24) or the magnet element carrier (37) carrying the magnet element can be released from the carrier element (31), by means of the drive mechanism (102).

23. The system according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the drive mechanism (102) comprises a self-locking transmission and/or a screw drive and/or is operable via a manual operating interface (103).

24. System according to claim 21, 22 or 23, characterized in that the operating arms (98) can be moved towards and away from each other by the drive mechanism (102) and/or in an activated state are arranged in such a way that they can act indirectly or directly on lever arms arranged radially further outwards of the clamping elements (72, 73) designed as double-armed levers (72, 73).

25. A machine (01) for generating optically variable primitives (03) on a substrate (02), the machine comprising: a substrate reservoir (13); at least one printing means (04) by means of which the substrates (02) guided through the machine (01) on the transport path are printed and/or printable with m columns and n rows of sheets (09) in a matrix at least on the first side; a product holder (22) by means of which the processed substrate (02) can be integrated in an aggregate; and an alignment device (07) arranged in the substrate path between the printing mechanism (04) and the product holder (22) for aligning the magnetic or magnetizable particles (P) with the drum (26), characterized by an embodiment of the drum (26) according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

26. The machine according to claim 25, characterized in that the printing unit (04) and the alignment device (07) or at least one impression cylinder (17) forming a printing station (11) with a printing unit cylinder (14) of the printing unit (04) and a cylinder (26) carrying magnet elements (24) are structurally integrated into a device (16) for producing optically variable graphic elements (03) and/or are jointly configured in a modular fashion and/or supported on the same frame.