CN118472079A - Photovoltaic device and window - Google Patents
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- CN118472079A CN118472079A CN202410530809.9A CN202410530809A CN118472079A CN 118472079 A CN118472079 A CN 118472079A CN 202410530809 A CN202410530809 A CN 202410530809A CN 118472079 A CN118472079 A CN 118472079A
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a photovoltaic device and a window, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and can solve the problem that the utilization rate of the existing photovoltaic device is low. The photovoltaic device of the present disclosure includes a substrate base plate; a light conversion structure disposed on the substrate, configured to convert light of a specific wavelength band among the received natural light into visible light; wherein the light conversion structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in a thickness direction thereof, and a side surface connected between edges of the first surface and the second surface; a reflection structure arranged at one side of the side surface of the light conversion structure, which is far away from the center of the light conversion structure, and configured to reflect the received visible light converted by the light conversion structure; and the photovoltaic assembly is configured to receive the visible light reflected by the reflecting structure and convert the visible light into electric energy. According to the photovoltaic module, the emergent direction of visible light converted by the light conversion structure is changed by the reflection structure, so that the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the cost of the photovoltaic module is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to photovoltaic equipment and a window.
Background
Along with the increasing importance of environmental protection and energy conservation, the reasonable utilization of energy and the development of energy-saving products are greatly advanced. Under such a background, smart dimming glass realized by Electrochromic (EC), polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), suspended Particles (SPD), dye Liquid Crystal (DLC) materials is widely used in energy-saving lighting systems for buildings, automobiles, airplanes, etc., to form a "Smart window" (Smart window) capable of dynamically adjusting solar radiation energy transmittance. However, for smart windows applied to buildings, each window needs to be individually powered and controlled due to its huge number, such as whole curtain walls, daylighting roofs, etc., resulting in ultra-high complexity of the whole power and control system. More and more building users hope that intelligent windows can realize photovoltaic integration, each window is independently powered by utilizing a photovoltaic integration technology, energy conservation is realized, and the complexity and maintenance cost of the system are reduced. In various transparent photovoltaic integration technologies, the light conversion function of a condenser is utilized by luminescent solar energy to convert light rays in a specific wave band in natural light into visible light, and the technical route with the highest average visible light transmittance (AVT) and the simplest process is realized.
However, in the photovoltaic device of the prior art, the photovoltaic module is mechanically combined with the light conversion structure, and a long strip type photovoltaic module is required. This is a non-standard photovoltaic module, high cost, and the required photovoltaic module is limited by the strength requirement, and its width must be much greater than the transparent substrate thickness of the light conversion structure, making the photovoltaic module extremely low in utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides photovoltaic equipment and a window for reducing the cost of a photovoltaic module and improving the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module.
In a first aspect, a technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a photovoltaic device, including:
a substrate base;
A light conversion structure disposed on the substrate, configured to convert light of a specific wavelength band among the received natural light into visible light; wherein the light conversion structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in a thickness direction thereof, and a side surface connected between edges of the first surface and the second surface;
A reflection structure provided on a side of the light conversion structure, configured to reflect the visible light converted by the light conversion structure, which is received by the reflection structure;
and a photovoltaic module configured to receive the visible light reflected by the reflection structure and convert the visible light into electric energy.
In some embodiments, the reflective structure wraps around a side of the light conversion structure and has at least one first opening in the reflective structure;
The photovoltaic module is arranged on the side face of the light conversion structure and corresponds to the first opening position.
In some embodiments, an anti-reflection film is further included and disposed between the light conversion structure and the photovoltaic module and corresponds to the first opening location.
In some embodiments, the reflective structure includes a plurality of the first openings, and the plurality of first openings are distributed in a central symmetry manner.
In some embodiments, the light converting structure is orthographic projected on the substrate base plate as a polygon, wherein,
The reflective structure is provided with the first opening in a middle region of a side surface of the light conversion structure corresponding thereto, and/or the first opening is provided at a corner position of the light conversion structure.
In some embodiments, the width of the first opening is d1, the width of the side surface of the light conversion structure corresponding to the first opening is d2, and the ratio of d1 to d2 is 1/100-1/10.
In some embodiments, the reflecting structure is a triangular pyramid, which includes a reflecting surface, an emitting surface, and a light incident surface, and the light incident surface of the reflecting structure is disposed on a side surface of the light converting structure;
The photovoltaic module is arranged on one side of the emergent surface of the reflecting structure and is positioned on one side of the light conversion structure, which is close to the substrate.
In some embodiments, the side surface of the light conversion structure includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface, and a fourth surface connected in sequence, and the light incident surface is disposed on any one or more of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface; or alternatively
The side surface of the light conversion structure comprises a first surface, a second surface, a third surface and a fourth surface which are sequentially arranged, a first connecting surface connected between the first surface and the second surface, a second connecting surface connected between the second surface and the third surface, a third connecting surface connected between the third surface and the fourth surface, and a fourth connecting surface connected between the fourth surface and the first surface; the light incident surface is arranged on any one or more of the first connecting surface, the second connecting surface, the third connecting surface and the fourth connecting surface.
In some embodiments, when the exit surface of the reflective structure and the first surface of the light conversion structure are located on the same plane, an angle θ 0 between the reflective surface of the reflective structure and the exit surface satisfies:
When the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure and the second surface of the light converting structure are located on the same plane, an included angle θ 0 between the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure and the emitting surface satisfies:
n0 is the refractive index of the air interface, n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure, and n2 is the refractive index of the reflective structure.
In some embodiments, the height of the reflective structure in a direction along the thickness of the light converting structure is greater than or equal to the thickness of the light converting structure; and/or
Minimum distance between the reflecting structure and the light conversion structureWherein n0 is the refractive index of the first interface of the first surface of the light conversion structure near the substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure, H is the height of the reflection structure, and d is the thickness of the light conversion structure.
In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the photovoltaic module on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the reflective structure on the substrate.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further comprises an antireflection film disposed on the exit face side of the reflection structure and between the reflection structure and the photovoltaic module.
In some embodiments, a first reflective film is disposed on the reflective surface of the reflective structure; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
And a second reflecting film is arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure, and the second reflecting film is not overlapped with the light incident surface of the reflecting structure.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a window comprising a photovoltaic device according to any one of the first aspects above.
In some embodiments, the window includes a window unit disposed on a side of the light conversion structure proximate to the substrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art photovoltaic device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of natural light exiting through a light conversion structure;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a light conversion structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of a first opening position provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4c is a schematic view of a window corresponding to FIG. 4 b;
FIGS. 5 a-5 b are schematic views of a window according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another photovoltaic apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of yet another window provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 8-9 are schematic diagrams of reflection of visible light by different reflection structures according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this disclosure, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar terms do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, XX is located above XX, which only indicates the upper and lower relationship between the two positions, and may be in direct contact with each other or may be disposed with a certain distance therebetween.
The working principle of the optical waveguide is mainly based on the phenomenon of total reflection, and in the optical waveguide, light rays are totally reflected on medium interfaces with different refractive indexes, so that the light waves are limited to propagate in a limited area inside and around the waveguide. The optical waveguide is typically made of a material having a high refractive index, and when light propagates inside the waveguide, and when the light reaches the boundary of the waveguide and the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle, the light is totally reflected at the interface of the waveguide, so that the light propagates along the inside of the waveguide without leaking out.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art photovoltaic device. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of natural light exiting through the light conversion structure. As shown in fig. 1-2, the photovoltaic device comprises a light converting structure 1 and a photovoltaic module 2, and the photovoltaic module 2 is arranged beside the light converting structure 1. When the natural light 3 is incident on the light conversion structure 1, the light conversion structure 1 converts the natural light of the near ultraviolet/ultraviolet band into visible light using quantum dots by utilizing its light conversion function. In addition, the refractive index of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1 is higher than that of air, the transparent substrate is equivalent to an optical waveguide, the converted visible light is totally reflected at the interface between the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1 and the outside (such as air) by utilizing the optical waveguide principle, and finally is conducted to the edge of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1, and the incident angle theta 1 is just smaller than the total reflection critical angle theta 2 (theta 2 = pi/2-theta 1 </arcsin (n 0/n 1)), so that the visible light is emitted from the edge of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1. As shown in fig. 1, since the visible light uniformly exits from the edge of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1, this means that the photovoltaic device needs to arrange the photovoltaic modules 2 around the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1, so that the photovoltaic modules 2 can receive the visible light exiting from the light conversion structure 1 and convert it into electrical energy for use. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 2 needs to be provided in a long strip shape, and on one hand, the long strip-shaped photovoltaic module 2 is a nonstandard photovoltaic module 2, and has high cost; on the other hand, the required photovoltaic module 2 is limited by the intensity requirement, the width of the photovoltaic module 2 is inevitably far greater than the thickness of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1, and meanwhile, the luminous intensity of the light conversion structure 1 is weaker, so that the irradiated photovoltaic module 2 works in a weak light environment, and the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module 2 is extremely low.
In view of the foregoing problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic device specifically comprises a substrate, a light conversion structure arranged on the substrate, a reflecting structure arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure and a photovoltaic module.
Wherein the light conversion structure is configured to convert light rays of a specific wave band in the received natural light into visible light; the light conversion structure comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the light conversion structure, and a side surface connected between the edges of the first surface and the second surface; the reflection structure is configured to reflect the received visible light converted by the light conversion structure; the photovoltaic module is configured to receive visible light reflected by the reflective structure and convert the visible light into electrical energy.
Specifically, fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a light conversion structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the light converting structure comprises a transparent substrate 101 and a photoluminescent material 102. In some embodiments, the light converting structure is coated on the transparent substrate 101 by the photoluminescent material 102. In some embodiments, the light converting structure comprises two layers of transparent substrates 101, with the photoluminescent material 102 applied as an interlayer between the two layers of transparent substrates 101. In some embodiments, the photoluminescent material 102 may also be mixed embedded inside the transparent substrate 101, constituting a light conversion structure. Wherein the photoluminescent material 102 is capable of absorbing natural light in a specific wavelength band. Alternatively, the photoluminescent material 102 absorbs light in a wavelength band of 200nm to 500nm and emits light in a wavelength band of 400nm to 800nm, including but not limited to perovskite quantum dots, sulfide quantum dots, organic polymers, and the like. The material of the transparent substrate 101 is a transparent polymer such as PMMA, PC, PP, PRA or the like, or glass. The light conversion structure may be a solar concentrator, but may also be other structures, which is not limited in this disclosure.
When natural light is incident from the second surface of the light conversion structure, the light conversion structure converts the natural light of the near ultraviolet/ultraviolet band into visible light by utilizing the light conversion function of the light conversion structure and using quantum dots. In addition, the refractive index of the transparent substrate 101 in the light conversion structure is higher than that of air, the transparent substrate corresponds to an optical waveguide, and the converted visible light is totally reflected and emitted at the interface between the transparent substrate 101 in the light conversion structure and the outside (for example, air) by using the optical waveguide principle. In the photovoltaic technical field, the incident angle of the visible light incident light conversion structure (for example, θ1 in fig. 2) is generally set to be smaller than the critical angle of total reflection (for example, θ2 in fig. 2, θ2=pi/2- θ1< arcsin (n 0/n 1), n0 is the refractive index of the external interface, and n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure). After the converted visible light is totally reflected, the converted visible light is finally transmitted to the side face of the transparent substrate 101 of the light conversion structure, so that the visible light can be emitted from the side face of the transparent substrate 101 of the light conversion structure.
The photovoltaic module is also called a solar panel, and is a core part in a solar power generation system and is responsible for converting visible light in solar energy into electric energy. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes, but is not limited to, a silicon solar cell, a compound solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, an organic solar cell, a quantum dot solar cell, and the like. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module may be selected for the emission wavelength of visible light emitted by the light conversion structure, e.g., the photovoltaic module may be a perovskite solar cell, an organic solar cell, a quantum dot solar cell with a high weak light response. The relationship between the wavelength lambda 1 of the EQE peak response of these cells and the emission peak wavelength lambda 2 of the light conversion structure is |lambda 1-λ2 |ltoreq.10 nm. The wave band of the photovoltaic module absorbing visible light corresponds to the wave band of the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure, and the arrangement is capable of enabling the photovoltaic module to absorb the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure better, so that the absorption efficiency is higher.
The side surface of the light conversion structure is provided with a reflection structure, and the reflection structure reflects the received visible light converted by the light conversion structure, so that the emergent direction of the visible light is changed, and the visible light converted by the light conversion structure is emergent from a specific position. The direction of the finally emitted visible light can also be different after the visible light converted by the light conversion structure is reflected by the reflection structure based on the specific structure, the number, the specific positions of the reflection structure and the like. Further, the positions at which the photovoltaic modules are specifically disposed may be different based on the different exit directions of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure. This disclosure is not limited in this regard.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the reflection structure is arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure to reflect the visible light converted by the light conversion structure, so that the visible light converted by the light conversion structure can exit from a specific position, and the photovoltaic module can receive at least most of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure only by being arranged at the specific position. Compared with the prior art that the photovoltaic module needs to be arranged on the whole side face of the light conversion structure to receive the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure, the problem that the photovoltaic module with high cost and the photovoltaic module with low utilization efficiency are needed in the traditional solar photovoltaic integration scheme is solved. The photovoltaic equipment provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can utilize the visible light in the solar energy at maximum efficiency, greatly reduce the cost of the photovoltaic module, better utilize the photovoltaic module and meet the power supply requirement.
Example 1:
Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in fig. 4a, the photovoltaic device comprises: a substrate (not shown in the figure), a light converting structure 1 arranged on the substrate, a reflecting structure 6 arranged at the side of the light converting structure 1, a photovoltaic module 2. Wherein the reflecting structure 6 wraps the side surface of the light converting structure 1, and has at least one first opening in the reflecting structure 6; the photovoltaic module 2 is disposed on a side surface of the light conversion structure 1 and corresponds to the first opening position. Other details about the light conversion structure 1, the reflection structure 6 and the photovoltaic module 2 are similar to those of the above embodiment, and the description thereof will not be repeated here.
Specifically, the reflective structure 6 may be a reflective film, where the reflective film includes, but is not limited to, a reflective coating film made of aluminum, silver, chromium, and a periodic insulating material. The side surface of the light conversion structure 1 is directly added with a reflecting film, and a first opening is reserved only at a partial position for the light emergent from the light conversion structure 1. The first opening may not only be used for the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 to directly exit from the first opening, but also be used for the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 to exit from the first opening after being reflected by the reflection structure 6. The light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is emitted from the first opening. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 2 is only required to be disposed at the position corresponding to the first opening, so as to receive the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1, and further convert the visible light into electric energy for use. The photovoltaic module 2 may be slightly larger than the first opening or slightly smaller than the first opening, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
The number of first openings may be one or more, which may be provided at any position on the side of the light converting structure 1, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the width of the first opening is d1, the width of the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 corresponding to the first opening is d2, and the ratio of d1 to d2 is 1/100 to 1/10.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4a, the size of the first opening should not be too large, otherwise the size of the required photovoltaic module 2 would be correspondingly increased, increasing the cost of the photovoltaic module 2. In addition, the size of the first opening is not too small, otherwise, the visible light emitted through the first opening is less, and further, the conversion rate of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 received by the photovoltaic module 2 into electric energy is low. Therefore, the embodiment of the disclosure gives consideration to the conversion rate of electric energy and the cost of the photovoltaic module 2, and the ratio of d1 to d2 is set to 1/100-1/10. Of course, the shape and size of the first opening can be specifically adjusted according to the actual application scene. Preferably, the length of the first opening is equal to the length of the side of the light converting structure 1 corresponding to the first opening.
In some embodiments, the reflective structure 6 includes a plurality of first openings, and the plurality of first openings are distributed in a central symmetry.
Specifically, the reflective structure 6 is provided with a plurality of first openings, and is symmetrically distributed in each direction, so that it can be ensured that the visible light in a plurality of directions on the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 can be emitted through the first openings (including the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 being directly emitted from the first openings, and further including the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 being emitted from the first openings after being reflected by the reflective structure 6), thereby maximizing the local light-emitting efficiency. Of course, the number of first openings is not too high, otherwise the required photovoltaic modules 2 would increase accordingly. Preferably, the number of first openings is 1 to 8 groups.
In some embodiments, the light converting structure 1 is orthographic projected in a polygon shape on the substrate base plate, and the reflective structure 6 is provided with the first opening in a middle area of a side surface of its corresponding light converting structure 1.
In some embodiments, the light converting structure 1 is orthographic projected in a polygon on the substrate base plate, and the reflecting structure 6 is provided with the first opening at a corner position of the light converting structure 1.
Specifically, the light conversion structure 1 may be square, pentagonal, octagonal or other polygonal in its orthographic projection on the substrate. The first opening, which is centrally symmetrical, may be provided in a central region of the side of the light-converting structure 1, i.e. in a central position of the side of the light-converting structure 1. Alternatively, when the first openings are provided in the middle region of the side face of the light conversion structure 1, the number of the first openings of the central symmetry is 1 to 2 groups. Fig. 4b is a schematic view of a first opening position according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 4b, the second opening of the 2 pairs of central symmetry is located at the center of the sides of the light-converting structure 1.
As another alternative embodiment, a plurality of first openings of central symmetry may also be located at the four corners of the light converting structure 1, the number of first openings being 1-2 groups. Of course, the plurality of first openings may be provided at other positions of the light conversion structure 1, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device not only comprises a substrate base plate, a light conversion structure 1, a reflection structure 6, a photovoltaic module 2, but also comprises an antireflection film, which is arranged between the light conversion structure 1 and the photovoltaic module 2 and corresponds to the first opening position.
Specifically, an antireflection film is plated or applied to the light-emitting region of the light-converting structure 1, so that the light-emitting rate of the light-converting structure 1 can be increased. Alternatively, the anti-reflection film includes, but is not limited to, various transparent low refractive index non-metallic materials SiNx, siOx, etc. Optionally, the anti-reflection film is composed of a periodic insulating material.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, by arranging the reflection structure 6 to encapsulate the light conversion structure 1, the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is reflected, and a local first opening is left as the light emitting position of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1, so that the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is emitted only from a specific position (at the first opening). Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the photovoltaic module 2 is only arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 and corresponds to the first opening, so that the photovoltaic module 2 can receive the visible light reflected by the reflecting structure 6 and the visible light directly emitted from the first opening by the light conversion structure 1, and the photovoltaic module 2 can convert the received visible light into electric energy for use. The embodiment of the disclosure greatly reduces the cost of the photovoltaic module 2, can better utilize the photovoltaic module 2 and meets the power supply requirement.
Example 2:
Fig. 5 a-5 b are schematic views of a window according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 5 a-5 b, the window comprises a photovoltaic device comprising: a substrate (not shown in the figure), a light converting structure 1 arranged on the substrate, a reflecting structure 6 arranged at the side of the light converting structure 1, a photovoltaic module 2. Wherein, the reflecting structure 6 is a triangular pyramid, which comprises a reflecting surface, an emergent surface and a light incident surface, and the light incident surface of the reflecting structure 6 is arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure 1; the photovoltaic module 2 is disposed on one side of the emergent surface of the reflecting structure 6, and is located on one side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. For further details of the light conversion structure 1, the reflective structure 6 and the photovoltaic module 2, reference is made to the description of the previous embodiments, and the detailed description thereof is omitted here.
Specifically, the embodiment of the present disclosure changes the light-emitting direction of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 by adding the reflection structure 6 in the side direction of the light conversion structure 1. The reflection structure 6 can reflect the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 and then emit the visible light, and the emitting surface of the reflection structure 6 is the surface of the reflection structure 6, which is close to one side of the substrate, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic module 2 is only arranged on one side of the light conversion structure 1, which is close to the substrate, and can receive the visible light reflected by the reflection structure 6.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the reflection structure 6 is added in the side direction of the light conversion structure 1, so that the light emitting direction of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is changed, the visible light is emitted from the emitting surface of the reflection structure 6, and the emitting surface is positioned in the direction of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. So arranged, the photovoltaic module 1 is provided only on the side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. On the one hand, the cost of the photovoltaic module 2 is reduced; on the other hand, compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module 2 does not need to be arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure 1, and the photovoltaic module 2 is arranged horizontally instead of being vertically arranged in the prior art.
In the prior art, the photovoltaic module 2 is limited by the strength requirement, the width of the photovoltaic module 2 is necessarily larger than the thickness of the transparent substrate in the light conversion structure 1, and when the photovoltaic module 2 is arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure 1, namely, is vertically placed, only a partial few areas of the photovoltaic module 2 can receive visible light emitted by the light conversion structure 1, so that the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module is low. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the photovoltaic module 2 is instead placed horizontally on the side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate, and therefore, the size of the photovoltaic module 2 does not need to consider the limitation of the thickness of the light conversion structure 1. In this way, the photovoltaic module 2 can utilize the local less areas to receive the visible light reflected by the reflecting structure 6, and on the other hand, more areas of the photovoltaic module 2 can also directly receive the natural light emitted by solar energy in the front, so that the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic module 2 is improved. Meanwhile, according to the scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the photovoltaic modules 2 with standard sizes, such as 156mm x 156mm and 125mm x 125mm, can be integrated, and the cost of the photovoltaic equipment can be greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, the reflective structure 6 may be made of a material including, but not limited to, a transparent polymer, such as PMMA, PC, PP, PRA, or glass.
Wherein the reflecting structure 6 may be located on a side of any one or more sides of the light converting structure 1 facing away from the center of the light converting structure 1, which the present disclosure does not limit.
In some embodiments, the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface, and a fourth surface connected in sequence, and the light incident surface of the reflective structure 6 is disposed on any one or more of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface.
Specifically, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another photovoltaic apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, the light conversion structure 1 may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure including four sides, and the light incident surface of the reflection structure 6 may be located on any one or more sides of the rectangular parallelepiped.
In some embodiments, the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface, and a fourth surface that are sequentially disposed, and a first connection surface connected between the first surface and the second surface, a second connection surface connected between the second surface and the third surface, a third connection surface connected between the third surface and the fourth surface, and a fourth connection surface connected between the fourth surface and the first surface; the light incident surface is arranged on any one or more of the first connecting surface, the second connecting surface, the third connecting surface and the fourth connecting surface.
Specifically, fig. 7 is a schematic view of yet another window provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 7, the window includes a photovoltaic device, fig. 7 (a) is a schematic view of a photovoltaic device, and as shown in fig. 7 (a), a projection of a light conversion structure 1 in the photovoltaic device on a substrate is an octagon, which can be regarded as cutting at four corners of the light conversion structure on the basis of a rectangular parallelepiped light conversion structure, to obtain a first connection surface, a second connection surface, a third connection surface, and a fourth connection surface, and an incident surface of a reflection structure 6 is disposed on one or more of the first connection surface, the second connection surface, the third connection surface, and the fourth connection surface, so as to change a light emitting direction of visible light by reflection of the reflection structure 6.
In some embodiments, the relationship of the cut side length d0 to the side length d1 of the photovoltaic module 2 is |d 0-d1 |+.10mm. That is, the difference between the side length d0 of the first surface of the light conversion structure 1 and the side length d1 of the photovoltaic module 2 of the first, second, third and fourth connection surfaces is within 10mm, so that the photovoltaic module 2 can better receive the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure 1.
It is understood that the side surface of the light conversion structure 1 may be other structures, such as a curved surface, etc., which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the reflecting structure 6 may be a triangular pyramid, a pentagonal pyramid, a hexagonal pyramid, or other regular or irregular structures, as long as the exit surface of the reflecting structure 6 is the surface of the reflecting structure 6 near the side of the substrate, which is not limited in the disclosure.
The embodiment of the present disclosure will be specifically described taking the reflecting structure 6 as a triangular pyramid as an example. Fig. 8-9 are schematic diagrams of reflection of visible light by different reflection structures according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8 to 9, a reflecting structure 6 having a right triangle shape in outline is attached to the side surface of the light conversion structure 1. The refractive index of the reflective structure is n2, the refractive index of the light conversion structure 1 is n1, and the refractive index of air is n0.
As can be seen from fig. 8 or 9, the light output of the light conversion structure 1 can be divided into three types: the outgoing light totally reflected by the first interface of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1 (fig. 8 (a) or fig. 9 (c)), the horizontal small-angle direct outgoing light (fig. 8 (b) or fig. 9 (b)), and the outgoing light totally reflected by the second interface of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1 (fig. 8 (c) or fig. 9 (a)). Based on the premise that the outgoing light rays of the reflecting structure 6 are emitted from the outgoing surface of the reflecting structure 6 as much as possible, the constraint range of the included angle theta 0 between the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure 6 and the horizontal plane of the light converting structure is obtained in the above three cases.
It will be appreciated that the reflective structure 6 is positioned in a different direction relative to the light-converting structure 1, and that the first interface on the side of the first surface of the light-converting structure 1 facing away from the substrate is an air interface (e.g. fig. 8) or the second interface on the side of the second surface of the light-converting structure 1 facing away from the substrate is an air interface (e.g. fig. 9).
In some embodiments, when the exit surface of the reflective structure 6 and the first surface of the light conversion structure 1 are located on the same plane, the included angle θ 0 between the reflective surface and the exit surface of the reflective structure 6 satisfies:
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, in (a), outgoing light totally reflected by the first interface of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1:
in fig. 8 (b), the horizontal small angle direct outgoing light:
in fig. 8 (c), the outgoing light totally reflected by the second interface of the transparent substrate of the light conversion structure 1:
as can be obtained from the formulas (1), (2) and (3), when the exit surface of the reflecting structure 6 and the first surface of the light converting structure 1 are located on the same plane, the included angle θ 0 between the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure 6 and the exit surface satisfies:
In some embodiments, when the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure 6 and the second surface of the light converting structure 1 are located on the same plane, the included angle θ 0 between the reflecting surface and the emitting surface of the reflecting structure 6 satisfies:
n0 is the refractive index of the air interface, n1 is the refractive index of the light converting structure 1, and n2 is the refractive index of the reflecting structure 6.
In some embodiments, n2=n0=1, and the reflective structure 6 is only one reflective surface, the discussion above remains true. In some embodiments, when n2=n1, the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure 6 may be regarded as a reflecting surface directly machined from the transparent substrate of the light converting structure 1, that is, may be regarded as a right triangle side surface machined from the light converting structure 1, and the reflecting surface is regarded as a reflecting surface. The present disclosure does not limit the refractive index n2 of the reflective structure 6. When the refractive indexes n2 of the reflective structures 6 are different, specific values of the included angle θ 0 between the reflective surface of the reflective structure 6 and the emission surface are different in order that the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 can be emitted from the surface of the reflective structure 6 near the substrate side after being reflected by the reflective structure 6.
In some embodiments, the height of the reflective structure 6 in the thickness direction of the light converting structure 1 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the light converting structure 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8 (d) or fig. 9 (d), the height H of the reflection structure 6 in the thickness direction of the light conversion structure 1 is greater than or equal to the thickness d of the light conversion structure 1. By the arrangement, the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure 1 can be completely received and reflected by the reflecting structure 6, and the change of the light emitting direction of the visible light can be realized.
In some embodiments, the minimum distance of the reflective structure 6 from the light converting structure 1Wherein n0 is the refractive index of the air interface, n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure 1, H is the height of the reflective structure 6, and d is the thickness of the light conversion structure 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8 (d) or fig. 9 (d), the reflection structure 6 may be provided directly on the side of the light conversion structure 1 or may have a certain distance from the light conversion structure 1. If the distance between the reflecting structure 6 and the light converting structure 1 is too large, light emitted from the light converting structure 1 cannot be received and reflected by the reflecting structure 6, and light leakage occurs. By the arrangement, the visible light emitted by the light conversion structure 1 can be completely received and reflected by the reflecting structure 6, and the change of the light emitting direction of the visible light can be realized.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 2 is orthographic projected on the substrate, covering orthographic projection of the reflective structure 6 on the substrate.
Specifically, as can be seen from the above, the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is reflected by the reflecting structure 6 and then exits from the exit surface of the reflecting structure, where the exit surface is the surface of the reflecting structure 6 near the substrate. And the photovoltaic module 2 is arranged below the light converting structure 1 and the reflecting structure 6. The orthographic projection of the reflecting structure 6 on the substrate is positioned in the photovoltaic module 2, so that the photovoltaic module 2 can be ensured to completely receive the visible light emitted by the reflecting structure 6, and the efficiency of converting the visible light into electric energy by the photovoltaic module 2 is improved. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 2 is deeper than the edges of the unitary structure of light converting structure 1 and reflecting structure 6 by D > d·cotθ 0. If θ 0 =40°, d=0.5 mm, D >0.6mm.
In addition, the photovoltaic module 2 may be directly disposed on a side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate, that is, on the second surface of the light conversion structure 1, or may have a certain distance from the light conversion structure 1. As shown in fig. 8 (d) or fig. 9 (d), in some embodiments, the minimum spacing g=0 to 0.1mm of the photovoltaic module 2 from the light converting structure 1.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device not only comprises a substrate base plate, a light conversion structure 1, a photovoltaic module 2, a reflective structure 6, but also comprises an antireflection film, which is disposed on the exit surface of the reflective structure 6 and is located between the reflective structure 6 and the photovoltaic module 2. By doing so, the light extraction efficiency of the reflection structure 6 can be enhanced. Alternatively, the anti-reflection film includes, but is not limited to, various transparent low refractive index non-metallic materials SiNx, siOx, etc., or an anti-reflection film composed of a periodic insulating material.
In some embodiments, a first reflective film 51 is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective structure 6. In particular, referring to fig. 5a-5b, this arrangement may enhance the reflection effect of the reflective surface of the reflective structure. Optionally, the first reflective film 51 includes, but is not limited to, a reflective coating composed of metallic aluminum, silver, chromium, and a periodic insulating material.
In some embodiments, the second reflective film 52 is disposed on the side of the light conversion structure 1, and the second reflective film 52 does not overlap the light incident surface of the reflective structure 6.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 or 7, this is so arranged that the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is more concentrated to the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure and reflected by the reflecting structure 6 to change the light outgoing direction.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the reflection structure 6 is added in the side direction of the light conversion structure 1, so that the light emitting direction of the visible light converted by the light conversion structure 1 is changed, the visible light is emitted from the emitting surface of the reflection structure 6, and the emitting surface is located in the direction of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. So arranged, the photovoltaic module 1 is provided only on the side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. In the embodiment of the disclosure, the photovoltaic module 2 is placed on the side of the light conversion structure 1 vertically, instead of being placed horizontally on the side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate. In this way, the photovoltaic module 2 can utilize the local less areas to receive the visible light reflected by the reflecting structure 6, and on the other hand, more areas of the photovoltaic module 2 can also directly receive the natural light emitted by solar energy in the front, so that the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic module 2 is improved.
Based on the same invention, the disclosed embodiments also provide a window including any of the photovoltaic devices described above.
In some embodiments, the window comprises not only the photovoltaic device but also a window unit, wherein the window unit is arranged at the side of the light converting structure 1 close to the substrate. Wherein the photovoltaic module 2 is located at the side of the window unit.
In particular, as shown in fig. 5a-5b, the window is illustrated by way of example with the photovoltaic device of example 2 above. The window comprises a photovoltaic device, a window unit 10, an outer pane 901, an inner pane 902, a frame 8. Wherein the photovoltaic device comprises a light converting structure 1, a photovoltaic module 2, a reflective structure 6, a first reflective film 51, etc. The window unit 10 is arranged on one side of the light conversion structure 1 close to the substrate, the inner glass 902 is arranged on one side of the window unit 10 close to the substrate, the inner glass 902 is toughened glass, and the thickness D=4-10 mm; an outer glass 901 is arranged on one side of the light conversion structure 1, which is away from the substrate, and the outer glass 901 is toughened glass with the thickness of 4-10 mm. On the sides of the light-converting structure 1 and the window unit 10 a frame 8 is provided, the frame 8 comprising, but not limited to, an aluminium alloy, stainless steel, a fixed frame formed of a polymer gel. The frame 8 needs to be opened, so that the light conversion structure 1 can extend out conveniently and is connected with the reflecting structure 6; the positions of all the components are fixed between the photovoltaic module 2 and the inner glass (901 and 902) and the outer glass (902) by the glue filling 13, the refractive index n3 of the glue filling 13 is required to be lower than the refractive index n2 of the reflecting structure 6, the visible light transmittance is high, and the average visible light transmittance (AVT) is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Fig. 4c is a schematic view of a window corresponding to fig. 4 b. As shown in fig. 4c, the window comprises a photovoltaic device, and further comprises a frame 8 arranged at the side of the light converting structure 1. The rim 8 includes, but is not limited to, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, and a fixed frame formed of a polymer gel.
Fig. 7 (b) is a schematic view of a window corresponding to fig. 7 (a), as shown in fig. 7 (b), in the window, the light conversion structure 1 and the frame 8 combined with the photovoltaic module 2 can be well formed to be closely arranged, so that the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic module and the solar energy conversion efficiency of the smart window of the whole photovoltaic device can be improved.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention, but not in limitation thereof. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A photovoltaic device, comprising:
a substrate base;
A light conversion structure disposed on the substrate, configured to convert light of a specific wavelength band among the received natural light into visible light; wherein the light conversion structure includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in a thickness direction thereof, and a side surface connected between edges of the first surface and the second surface;
A reflection structure provided on a side of the light conversion structure, configured to reflect the visible light converted by the light conversion structure, which is received by the reflection structure;
and a photovoltaic module configured to receive the visible light reflected by the reflection structure and convert the visible light into electric energy.
2. The photovoltaic device of claim 1, wherein the reflective structure wraps around a side of the light conversion structure and has at least one first opening in the reflective structure;
The photovoltaic module is arranged on the side face of the light conversion structure and corresponds to the first opening position.
3. The photovoltaic device of claim 2, further comprising an anti-reflection film disposed between the light conversion structure and the photovoltaic module and corresponding to the first opening location.
4. The photovoltaic device of claim 2, wherein the reflective structure comprises a plurality of the first openings, the plurality of first openings being centrally symmetrically distributed.
5. The photovoltaic device of claim 4, wherein the orthographic projection of the light converting structure on the substrate base plate is polygonal, wherein,
The reflective structure is provided with the first opening in a middle region of a side surface of the light conversion structure corresponding thereto, and/or the first opening is provided at a corner position of the light conversion structure.
6. The photovoltaic device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the first opening is d1, the width of the side surface of the light conversion structure corresponding to the first opening is d2, and the ratio of d1 to d2 is 1/100 to 1/10.
7. The photovoltaic apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflective structure is a triangular pyramid comprising a reflective surface, an exit surface, and an entrance surface, the entrance surface of the reflective structure being disposed on a side of the light conversion structure;
The photovoltaic module is arranged on one side of the emergent surface of the reflecting structure and is positioned on one side of the light conversion structure, which is close to the substrate.
8. The photovoltaic device according to claim 7, wherein the side surface of the light conversion structure includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface, and a fourth surface that are sequentially connected, the light incident surface being provided on any one or more of the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface; or alternatively
The side surface of the light conversion structure comprises a first surface, a second surface, a third surface and a fourth surface which are sequentially arranged, a first connecting surface connected between the first surface and the second surface, a second connecting surface connected between the second surface and the third surface, a third connecting surface connected between the third surface and the fourth surface, and a fourth connecting surface connected between the fourth surface and the first surface; the light incident surface is arranged on any one or more of the first connecting surface, the second connecting surface, the third connecting surface and the fourth connecting surface.
9. The photovoltaic device of claim 7, wherein when the exit face of the reflective structure is in the same plane as the first surface of the light conversion structure, the angle θ 0 between the reflective face and the exit face of the reflective structure satisfies:
When the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure and the second surface of the light converting structure are located on the same plane, an included angle θ 0 between the reflecting surface of the reflecting structure and the emitting surface satisfies:
n0 is the refractive index of the air interface, n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure, and n2 is the refractive index of the reflective structure.
10. The photovoltaic device of claim 7, wherein a height of the reflective structure in a thickness direction along the light converting structure is greater than or equal to a thickness of the light converting structure; and/or
Minimum distance between the reflecting structure and the light conversion structureWherein n0 is the refractive index of the first interface of the first surface of the light conversion structure near the substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the light conversion structure, H is the height of the reflection structure, and d is the thickness of the light conversion structure.
11. The photovoltaic device of claim 7, wherein the orthographic projection of the photovoltaic module on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of the reflective structure on the substrate.
12. The photovoltaic device of claim 7, further comprising an anti-reflection film disposed on an exit face side of the reflective structure and between the reflective structure and the photovoltaic module.
13. The photovoltaic apparatus of claim 7, wherein a first reflective film is disposed on the reflective surface of the reflective structure; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
And a second reflecting film is arranged on the side surface of the light conversion structure, and the second reflecting film is not overlapped with the light incident surface of the reflecting structure.
14. A window comprising the photovoltaic device of any of claims 1-13.
15. The window according to claim 14, wherein the window comprises a window unit disposed on a side of the light converting structure adjacent to the substrate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410530809.9A CN118472079A (en) | 2024-04-29 | 2024-04-29 | Photovoltaic device and window |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410530809.9A CN118472079A (en) | 2024-04-29 | 2024-04-29 | Photovoltaic device and window |
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| CN118472079A true CN118472079A (en) | 2024-08-09 |
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| CN202410530809.9A Pending CN118472079A (en) | 2024-04-29 | 2024-04-29 | Photovoltaic device and window |
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