CN118465176A - System and method for testing thermal coupling of combustible components integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation - Google Patents
System and method for testing thermal coupling of combustible components integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal coupling test system and a method for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation, wherein the system comprises the following components: a mounting frame assembly including a fixed base plate; the heat source assembly is arranged in the heat source installation area of the fixed bottom plate and is used for radiating heat to the combustible component to be detected; the rotary support assembly is arranged in the sample installation area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a clamping mechanism for clamping the combustible component to be tested and a rotating mechanism for controlling the clamping mechanism to rotate; the force loading assembly is arranged in the first loading installation area or the second loading installation area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a driving mechanism, a load clamp and a first locking mechanism, wherein the load clamp is rotatably connected to the driving mechanism, and the first locking mechanism is used for locking the load clamp; and the acquisition and analysis assembly is used for acquiring and analyzing the combustion performance data of the combustible component to be tested. The invention can conveniently switch the mechanical loading type and observe the crack propagation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal coupling detection of combustible components, in particular to a thermal coupling testing system and method for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation.
Background
Modern engineering materials such as engineering timber, carbon fiber, laminated glass curtain wall and the like are widely applied to various building and manufacturing fields such as high-rise buildings, vehicles, household articles and the like. These materials are the first choice for construction and engineering design due to their light weight, high strength and cost effectiveness. For example, engineering timber such as cross-laminated timber is commonly used in building construction and decoration, carbon fiber reinforced plastics are widely used in aviation, automobiles and sports equipment due to their excellent mechanical properties and light weight characteristics, and laminated glass curtain walls have become typical features of modern buildings for high-rise buildings. However, the flammable component of such engineering materials poses an important safety issue: under the condition of fire, the combustible engineering materials are simultaneously subjected to the combined action of external heat source-force load-material combustion flame, and the fire performance, mechanical property and evolution rule of crack development condition on the surface of the materials are affected.
In a fire environment, the composite material is subjected not only to the thermal effects of high temperatures, but also to mechanical stresses due to structural deformations and load changes. This thermal coupling effect can cause cracking, flaking or breakage of the material, severely affecting the structural integrity and safety of the material. Currently, there is a clear gap in research on the performance change and safety assessment of these materials under the action of thermal coupling. Most of the relevant test methods or devices only concern the fire performance (e.g. fire resistance, burn rate) or the mere mechanical properties (e.g. compressive strength, flexural strength) of the material, but ignore the complex thermal effects to which the material is subjected in the case of an actual fire.
The existing test system is mainly used for evaluating fire performance or pure mechanical performance of materials, and the tests are usually carried out in an independent and controlled environment, so that an actual fire scene cannot be comprehensively simulated. These test methods lack an assessment of the thermal coupling of the composite in the event of an actual fire. For example, some systems may only focus on the fire resistance of the material at high temperatures, and ignore the actual loads and mechanical stresses experienced by the material in a fire. Also, some systems may only evaluate the performance of a material under mechanical pressure, without regard to the high temperature effects in a fire.
In addition, the related thermal coupling test equipment often ignores the influence of uneven heat sources when simulating a fire scene. In a real fire scene, because the heat flow effect of the material is mainly related to the distance between the surface of the material and the fire source, the radiation angle and the intensity distribution of the fire source, the material is faced with different intensity and distribution of heat flow densities under normal conditions, and the influence of the uneven heat distribution on the performance of the material cannot be simulated by the traditional uniform heating test method. Therefore, the results of this test method cannot accurately reflect the performance of the material in a real fire scene.
The structural integrity of the combustible engineering material is critical. The appearance and propagation of cracks is a key factor in evaluating the performance of a material under high temperature and mechanical stress. The cracks not only weaken the structural strength of the material, but also can become a fire spreading channel. However, due to the interference of the flame on the surface of the material after ignition, the related thermal coupling test instrument cannot observe the surface cracks of the material in the ignition stage in real time, and the research of the development rule of the composite material under the thermal coupling effect is hindered.
In summary, crack observation, mechanical property and fire performance evaluation under fire conditions are important for composite materials widely applied in modern engineering structures, particularly materials with structural bearing capacity, such as engineering wood, carbon fibers and the like. The development of a comprehensive test system which can comprehensively consider the influence of thermal effect and mechanical stress and can simultaneously perform effective crack observation has great significance in improving the safety of the materials and optimizing the application of the materials in engineering design.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a thermal coupling testing system and method for a combustible component that integrates fire performance measurement and crack observation in order to at least partially solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
According to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal coupling test system for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation, comprising: the mounting frame assembly comprises a fixed bottom plate, wherein the fixed bottom plate is provided with a heat source mounting area, a sample mounting area, a first loading mounting area and a second loading mounting area; the heat source assembly is arranged in the heat source installation area of the fixed bottom plate and is used for radiating heat to the combustible component to be detected and igniting the combustible component to be detected; the rotary supporting assembly is arranged in the sample mounting area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a clamping mechanism and a rotating mechanism, the clamping mechanism is used for clamping two ends of the combustible component to be tested, and the rotating mechanism is used for controlling the clamping mechanism to rotate so as to adjust an included angle between a plane where the combustible component to be tested is located and a heat radiation direction; the force loading assembly is arranged in the first loading installation area or the second loading installation area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a driving mechanism, a load clamp and a first locking mechanism, wherein the load clamp is rotatably connected to the driving mechanism, and the first locking mechanism is used for locking the load clamp in a rotating position; the acquisition and analysis assembly is used for acquiring combustion performance data of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process, wherein the combustion performance data comprise load data, image data and smoke composition data, and the combustion performance data are respectively analyzed to obtain fire key parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component to be detected; wherein, under the condition that the force loading assembly is mounted in the first loading mounting area, the load clamp positioned at the rotating position is matched with the clamping mechanism under the driving of the driving mechanism, and a first force load parallel to the heat radiation direction is applied to the combustible component to be tested; under the condition that the force loading assembly is mounted in the second loading mounting area, the load clamp positioned at the rotating position is matched with the clamping mechanism under the driving of the driving mechanism, and a second force load perpendicular to the heat radiation direction is applied to the combustible component to be tested.
According to an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal coupling test method of a combustible member for collecting fire performance measurement and crack observation using the thermal coupling test as described above, comprising: clamping the combustible component to be tested on a clamping mechanism of a rotary supporting assembly, and adjusting the rotary mechanism to enable a preset included angle to be formed between a plane where the combustible component to be tested is located and a heat radiation direction; carrying out heat radiation on the combustible component to be tested through a heat source assembly, and applying a first force load or a second force load to the combustible component to be tested under the driving of a driving mechanism through the cooperation of a load clamp of a force loading assembly and the clamping mechanism; and acquiring combustion performance data of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process through an acquisition and analysis assembly, wherein the combustion performance data comprises load data, image data and smoke composition data, and analyzing the combustion performance data respectively to obtain fire key parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component to be detected.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the plane of the combustible component to be tested clamped by the rotary support component and the heat radiation direction is adjusted by the rotary support component, so that the application form of the heat load can be flexibly adjusted to uniform radiation or controllable non-uniform radiation, the uniform heat flow boundary condition and controllable non-uniform heat flow boundary condition of the combustible component to be tested are realized, the condition that the related thermal coupling test system only can provide uniform temperature and uniform heat flow or uncontrollable non-uniform heat flow is overcome, and the working condition of the material in the actual fire situation can be better simulated under the condition of control accuracy.
On the basis of changing the application form of the thermal load, the load clamp in the rotary supporting assembly can be combined with the rotary adjusting load clamp in the force loading assembly, so that the load clamp can be matched with the clamping mechanism in the rotary supporting assembly, and the load can be applied to the combustible component to be tested in different thermal load forms. And furthermore, the mounting structure of the force loading assembly on the fixed bottom plate is further combined, so that the application direction of the force load can be changed by changing the mounting position of the force loading assembly, and different mechanical loading types can be conveniently switched. For example, in the first loading mounting region, the bending loading type is realized based on the first force load parallel to the heat radiation direction; in the second loading mounting region, a tensile or compressive loading type is realized based on a second force load perpendicular to the heat radiation direction.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the combustion performance of the combustible component to be tested under the complex thermodynamic coupling action provided by the heat source component and the force loading component can be comprehensively evaluated by collecting and analyzing the combustion performance data of the combustible component to be tested in the combustion process, so that the fire critical parameter information, the crack information and the structural failure information of the combustible component to be tested are obtained, the complex thermodynamic environment of the combustible component to be tested under the actual fire condition is simulated, and the performance of the combustible component to be tested in the actual fire scene can be accurately reflected.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal coupling test system for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of a thermal coupling test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of an observation device in an acquisition and analysis assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a crack observation diagram of an observation device according to an embodiment of the present invention under different observation conditions;
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of a moving radiation shield in a heat source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a top view of the heat source assembly of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of the heat source assembly of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of a rotary support assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the rotary support assembly of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of the rotary support assembly of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a clamping state of a rotary support assembly under uniform radiant heat flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of a force loading assembly of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 illustrates a front view of the force loading assembly of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention applying a four-point bending force load under uniform radiation or controllable non-uniform radiation conditions;
FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention applying a three-point bending force load under uniform radiation or controllable non-uniform radiation conditions;
FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic of an embodiment of the present invention applying a uniform bending force load under uniform radiation or controllable non-uniform radiation conditions;
FIG. 17 shows a schematic of an embodiment of the present invention applying a tensile or compressive force load under uniform irradiation or controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions;
fig. 18 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a fire performance analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fixing base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 shows a schematic structural view of a square steel frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a flow chart of a thermal coupling test method for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal coupling test method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The fire performance of the modern combustible component is not clear under the action of thermal coupling, and the thermal boundary condition of the thermal coupling testing device in the related technology is difficult to controllably simulate the non-uniformly distributed thermal flow boundary condition, and is focused on single mechanical properties such as compressive strength, bending strength and the like, so that the fire structural performance of the combustible component under the actual working condition is difficult to accurately simulate, and the complete development process of thermal coupling on the cracks on the heated surface of the composite material is difficult to summarize.
Aiming at the problem that mechanical property and fire performance evaluation of a combustible component to be tested under the action of thermal coupling are insufficient in the related art, the invention provides a thermal coupling test system and a thermal coupling test method of the combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation, which can apply different mechanical loading types to the combustible component to be tested under the uniform heat flow boundary condition and the controllable non-uniform heat flow boundary condition based on a heat source component, a rotary support component and a force loading component to realize the complex thermal coupling effect so as to simulate the actual fire situation. Therefore, the measurement result of the combustion performance of the combustible component to be measured through the acquisition and analysis assembly is more in line with the actual fire situation.
Specifically, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a thermal coupling test system for a combustible component that integrates fire performance measurement and crack observation is provided. FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal coupling test system for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 shows a partial structural perspective view of a thermal coupling test system of an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the thermal coupling testing system of the embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting frame assembly I, a heat source assembly II, a rotary support assembly III, a force loading assembly IV, and a collection and analysis assembly V, wherein:
The mounting frame assembly I includes a stationary base plate 110 having a heat source mounting region 111, a sample mounting region 112, a first load mounting region 113 and a second load mounting region 114; the heat source component II is arranged in the heat source installation area 111 of the fixed bottom plate 110 and is used for radiating heat to the combustible component VI to be detected and igniting the combustible component VI to be detected; the rotary support assembly III is arranged in the sample mounting area 112 of the fixed bottom plate 110, the rotary support assembly III comprises a clamping mechanism 310 and a rotary mechanism 320, the clamping mechanism 310 is used for clamping two ends of the combustible component VI to be tested, and the rotary mechanism 320 is used for controlling the clamping mechanism 310 to rotate so as to adjust an included angle between a plane where the combustible component VI to be tested is positioned and a heat radiation direction; the force loading assembly IV is mounted to the first loading mounting region 113 or the second loading mounting region 114 of the fixed base plate 110, the force loading assembly IV including a driving mechanism 410, a load clamp 420, and a first locking mechanism 430, wherein the load clamp 420 is rotatably connected to the driving mechanism 410, and the first locking mechanism 430 is used for locking the load clamp 420 in a rotational position; the acquisition and analysis assembly V is used for acquiring combustion performance data of the combustible component VI to be detected in the combustion process, wherein the combustion performance data comprise load data, image data and smoke composition data, and the combustion performance data are respectively analyzed to obtain fire critical parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component VI to be detected; wherein, under the condition that the force loading assembly IV is installed in the first loading installation area 113, the load clamp 420 positioned at the rotating position is matched with the clamping mechanism 310 under the driving of the driving mechanism 410, and a first force load parallel to the heat radiation direction is applied to the combustible member VI to be tested; with the force loading assembly IV mounted to the second loading mounting region 114, the load clamp 420 in the rotated position cooperates with the clamping mechanism 310 under the drive of the driving mechanism to apply a second force load perpendicular to the heat radiation direction to the combustible member VI to be measured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, "combustion performance data" refers to some data collected during combustion of the combustible component VI to be tested, including but not limited to load data, image data, and smoke composition data, for characterizing and analyzing the mechanical behavior and combustion behavior of the combustible component VI to be tested. Wherein the load data comprises force load data and thermal load data, which may be respectively acquired by respective acquisition means, e.g. the force load data may be acquired by force sensors and the thermal load data may be acquired by heat flow meters and/or thermocouples.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the "fire key parameter information" includes some important parameters of the ignition and combustion behavior of the combustible element to be tested in the fire, such as ignition temperature, ignition time, combustion heat and combustion parameter concentration, etc.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the "crack information" includes information of the state of the crack such as occurrence, propagation, etc. of the crack on the radiation surface of the combustible member VI to be measured, which changes with time.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, "structural failure information" refers to key factors or parameters of the combustible component VI to be tested that may undergo structural failure when subjected to a load, such as the strength of the component (which may be subjected to a maximum load), stability, etc.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the heat source component, the rotary support component and the force loading component with specific structures are arranged on the fixed bottom plate, and the uniform heat flow boundary condition or the non-uniform heat flow boundary condition of the combustible component to be detected can be conveniently and controllably realized through clamping and rotary adjustment of the rotary support component to the combustible component to be detected; and meanwhile, the structure and the position of the binding force loading assembly can apply different mechanical loading types to the combustible components to be tested at different rotation positions. Therefore, the dynamic changes of the mechanical property, fire performance and surface cracks of the combustible component to be tested are evaluated under the complex thermodynamic coupling effect.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an observation device in an acquisition and analysis assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, an acquisition and analysis assembly V according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an observation device 510, where the observation device 510 includes a single wavelength light source 511, a first image acquisition unit 512, a second image acquisition unit 513, and a filtering unit 514, and the following components are included:
The single wavelength light source 511 is used to irradiate single wavelength light to the surface of the combustible element VI to be measured, which includes a front surface 610 and a side surface 620; the first image acquisition device 512 is disposed at the front surface 610 of the combustible member VI to be detected, and is adapted to acquire single-wavelength light reflected by the front surface 610 of the combustible member VI to be detected, so as to obtain crack image data; the second image acquisition device 512 is disposed at the side surface 620 of the combustible member VI to be detected, and is adapted to acquire single-wavelength light reflected by the side surface 620 of the combustible member VI to be detected, so as to obtain deformed image data; the filtering device 514 is used for filtering the flame light incident on the combustible component VI to be detected of the first image capturing device 512 and the second image capturing device 513, so that a single wavelength light can be captured by the first image capturing device 512 and the second image capturing device 513.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by the arrangement of the observation device 510, the crack development condition of the radiation surface and the structural failure mode (such as bending fracture or shearing fracture) can be observed more clearly in the combustion process of the combustible component VI to be detected, and the adverse influence of the combustion flame light on the observation result is avoided.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted by the single-wavelength light source 511 is blue light, and the filter 514 may be a filter matched with the wavelength of the light source and is respectively installed in front of the lenses of the first image capturing device 512 and the second image capturing device 513. For example, the wavelength of the single wavelength light source 511 may be 450nm and the intensity may be 600W; the wavelength range through which the filter can pass can be 450 + -5 nm, and the diameter can be 80mm.
Therefore, interference light generated by surrounding environments such as flame can be effectively filtered, collected image data mainly comprises optical information from the surface of the combustible component VI to be detected, and the characteristics and the state of the sample surface can be more accurately restored and analyzed, so that the accuracy and the reliability of measurement are improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the single wavelength light source 511 may have a vertical height of 50 cm and a horizontal distance of 20 cm from the combustible element VI to be measured. Further alternatively, the viewing device 510 may also include a light source holder 515, and the single wavelength light source 511 may be mounted to the light source holder 515.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first image capturing device 512 and the second image capturing device 513 may be video cameras or still cameras, respectively, as long as image data of the surface of the combustible member to be measured can be obtained. Based on the image data, real-time deflection information, radiation surface crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process can be obtained through analysis.
Illustratively, fig. 4 shows a crack observation diagram of the observation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention under different observation conditions. As shown in fig. 4, when a fluorescent lamp is used and a filter is not used, the observed crack is greatly disturbed by flame light, and the crack observation result is affected; in the case of using a single wavelength light source without a filter, the interference of flame light is reduced, but the crack observation result is still affected to a certain extent; under the conditions of using a single-wavelength light source and using an optical filter, the observed cracks are basically not interfered by flame light, and the processed image can clearly reflect the crack information of the surface of the combustible component to be detected. Therefore, the observation device can solve the problem that the crack development of the component after combustion can not be observed in the existing thermal coupling test system.
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of a moving radiation shield in a heat source assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 shows a top view of the heat source assembly of FIG. 5; fig. 7 shows a side view of the heat source assembly of fig. 5. As shown in fig. 3 and 5 to 7, a heat source assembly II according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first fixing base 210, a conical heater 220, and a radiation shield 230, wherein:
The first fixing base 210 is mounted to the heat source mounting region 111 of the fixing base plate 110; the conical heater 220 is slidably arranged on the first fixed base 210 through the sliding mechanism 240, and can be close to or far from the combustible component VI to be detected along the direction parallel to the fixed bottom plate 110, a first image acquisition device 512 is arranged at one port of the conical heater 220, and a central shaft of the conical heater 220, an optical axis of the first image acquisition device 512 and the center of the combustible component VI to be detected are coaxially arranged; the radiation shield 230 is installed at a position of the heat source installation region 111 between the conical heater 220 and the combustible member VI to be measured, and is configured to shield the conical heater 220 by moving.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the conical heater 220 is used as the heat source, so that the uniformity of heat flow of the heat source can be ensured, and meanwhile, the first image acquisition device 512 can observe cracks on the surface of the combustible component VI to be detected through the holes at the port of the conical heater 220, so that the heat source can not influence the crack image acquisition of the heated surface of the sample to be detected while meeting the heat flow precision.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the horizontal distance between the conical heater 220 and the combustible component VI to be measured can be 2-10 cm, for example, 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm and the like; the diameter of the hole at the port of the conical heater 220 may be 8-12 cm, for example, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, etc. By adjusting the horizontal distance between the conical heater 220 and the combustible member VI to be measured and setting the hole diameter at the port of the conical heater 220 to be of a suitable size, both the applied strength of the thermal load and the effective observation of the crack can be considered.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sliding mechanism 240 may be a screw driving structure, and in particular may include a threaded rod 241 and a heating cone bracket 242, the threaded rod 241 is screwed with the heating cone bracket 242 through the first fixing base, and the heating cone bracket 242 is used for installing the cone heater 220. Thus, the heating cone holder 242 is translated along the threaded rod 241 by the rotation of the threaded rod 241, thereby controlling the cone heater 220 to approach or depart from the combustible element VI to be measured in a direction parallel to the fixed base plate 110. However, the sliding mechanism 240 is not limited to the screw transmission structure, and may be, for example, a slide rail structure or the like, as long as movement of the taper heater can be achieved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat source assembly II may further include a radiation shield rail 250, and the radiation shield 230 is mounted on the radiation shield rail 250 such that the radiation shield 230 can move to shield the conical heater 220 from the heat source of the combustible member VI to be measured or expose the conical heater 220 to perform radiation heating on the combustible member to be measured. Further alternatively, a flap handle 231 may be provided on the radiation flap 230 to move the radiation flap 230 through the flap handle 231.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat source assembly II may further include a heat shield 260 and/or a thermocouple 270. The heat insulation board 260 is disposed at the port of the conical heater 220, and is used for isolating heat of the conical heater 220 to the first image capturing device 512, so as to reduce adverse effects of high-temperature radiation to the first image capturing device 512. The thermocouple 270 is used to measure the radiant temperature of the conical heater 220.
FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of a rotary support assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of the rotary support assembly of FIG. 8; fig. 10 shows a side view of the rotary support assembly of fig. 8. As shown in fig. 8 to 10, in the rotary support assembly III, the clamping mechanism 310 includes a second clamp mount 311, a clamp fixing plate 312, a clamp moving plate 313, and a second locking mechanism 314; wherein: the clamp fixing plate 312 is fixed to the second clamp mount 311; the clamp moving plate 313 is slidably arranged on the second clamp mounting seat 311 and is matched with the clamp fixing plate 312 to clamp the combustible component VI to be tested; the second locking mechanism 314 is used for locking the clamp moving plate 313 and providing a clamping force for clamping the combustible member VI to be tested.
In the rotary support assembly III, the rotation mechanism 320 includes a second fixing base 321 and a third locking mechanism 322, wherein: the second fixing base 321 is mounted on the sample mounting area 112 of the fixing base plate 110, and is used for rotatably mounting the second clamp mounting seat 311; the third locking mechanism 322 is used for locking the second clamp mounting seat 311 at a rotating position so as to adjust an included angle between a plane of the combustible component VI to be tested and a heat radiation direction.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the combustible member VI to be measured and the heat radiation direction of the conical heater 220 in the heat source assembly II can be adjusted by rotating the support assembly III, so that 360-degree rotation of the combustible member VI to be measured around the rotation axis is realized. The heat flux density of the member surface is equal under the condition that the included angle between the radiation surface of the combustible member to be measured and the heat radiation direction is 90 degrees, otherwise, the heat flux density of the member surface is controllable non-uniform radiation heat flux, and the heat flux density of the member surface is regularly distributed along the central line direction of the member surface. The controllable non-uniform radiation heat flow comprises two types of top larger heat flow-bottom smaller heat flow and bottom larger heat flow-top smaller heat flow, and the proportion of the top heat flow to the bottom heat flow can be determined by the included angle between the plane of the combustible component VI to be detected and the heat radiation direction.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a clamping state of a rotary support assembly under uniform radiant heat flow according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, in a case where an application direction of a first force load is parallel to a heat radiation direction, two sets of rotary support assemblies III may be provided, respectively provided at both ends of a combustible member VI to be tested, to clamp the combustible member VI to be tested. It will be appreciated that in the case where the direction of application of the second force load is perpendicular to the direction of heat radiation, then only one set of rotary support assemblies III may be provided, and the combustible member VI to be tested is clamped by the load clamp 420 of the force loading assembly IV and the clamping mechanism 310 of the rotary support assemblies III. Further, the maximum dimension of the combustible component to be tested which can be clamped by the rotary support assembly III is 80cm in length, 20cm in width and 6cm in thickness.
The second locking mechanism 314 and the third locking mechanism 322 may be, for example, threaded knobs as shown in fig. 8 to 9, but are not limited thereto, and for example, the second locking mechanism 314 and the third locking mechanism 322 may be elastic clamping members such as springs, etc., so as to achieve locking between the clamp fixing plate 312, the clamp moving plate 313, and between the second clamp mount 311 and the second fixing base 321.
FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of a force loading assembly of an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 13 shows a front view of the force loading assembly of fig. 12. As shown in fig. 12 and 13, in the force loading assembly IV, the load clamp 420 includes a first clamp mount 421, a plurality of clamp subassemblies 422, and a first locking mechanism 423, wherein:
The first fixture mounting seat 421 is hinged to the moving end of the driving mechanism 410, and the first fixture mounting seat 421 is provided with an arc-shaped chute 424; the plurality of clamp subassemblies 422 can be respectively and switchably mounted on the first clamp mounting seat 421, and the plurality of clamp subassemblies 422 respectively correspond to a plurality of mechanical loading types; the first locking mechanism 423 includes a set screw that is coupled to the movable end of the driving mechanism 410 through an arcuate chute 424.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the structure of the load clamp 420, the load clamp can flexibly cooperate with the clamping mechanisms 310 with different rotation positions, and different types of force loading can be applied to the combustible member VI to be tested under the conditions of uniform radiation and controllable non-uniform radiation.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, one of the clamp subassemblies 422 is illustratively a flat plate, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, so that a uniform bending force load can be applied to the combustible member VI under test when the force loading assembly IV is mounted to the first load-mounting region 113 of the fixed base plate 110, or a compressive force load can be applied to the combustible member VI under test when the force loading assembly IV is mounted to the second load-mounting region 114 of the fixed base plate 110. But is not limited to, the clamp subassembly 422 may be switched to other configurations of clamp subassemblies 422 to achieve different mechanical loading types.
By way of specific example, FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention applying a four-point bending force load under uniform irradiation or controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, where (a) is a perspective view under uniform irradiation conditions, (b) is a top view under uniform irradiation conditions, (c) is a perspective view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, and (d) is a top view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions. It can be seen that when the force loading assembly is mounted to the first loading mounting region 113, the clamp subassembly 422 includes two bar rams disposed in parallel on the first clamp mount 421 to cooperate with the clamping mechanism 310 to apply a four point bending force load.
Fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for applying a three-point bending force load under uniform irradiation or controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, wherein (a) is a perspective view under uniform irradiation conditions, (b) is a top view under uniform irradiation conditions, (c) is a perspective view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, and (d) is a top view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions. It can be seen that when the force loading assembly is mounted to the first loading mounting region 113, the clamp subassembly 422 includes a bar-shaped ram disposed on the first clamp mount 421 for applying a three-point bending force load in cooperation with the clamping mechanism 310.
Fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for applying a uniform bending force load under uniform irradiation or controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, wherein (a) is a perspective view under uniform irradiation conditions, (b) is a front view under uniform irradiation conditions, (c) is a perspective view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions, and (d) is a front view under controllable non-uniform irradiation conditions. It can be seen that when the force loading assembly is mounted to the first loading mounting region 113, the clamp subassembly 422 includes a flat plate disposed on the first clamp mount 421 for applying a uniform bending force load in cooperation with the clamping mechanism 310.
Fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which (a) is a perspective view of a tensile load applied under uniform irradiation, (b) is a perspective view of a tensile load applied under controllable non-uniform irradiation, (c) is a perspective view of a compressive load applied under uniform irradiation, and (d) is a perspective view of a compressive load applied under controllable non-uniform irradiation. It can be seen that when the force loading assembly is mounted in the second loading mounting region 114, the clamp subassembly 422 includes two clamp plates disposed on the first clamp mounting block 421 for clamping one end of the combustible component VI to be tested, and can cooperate with the clamping mechanism 310 to apply a tensile load. Alternatively, the clamp subassembly 422 may comprise a flat plate disposed on the first clamp mount 421 and abutting against one end of the combustible element VI to be tested, and may cooperate with the clamping mechanism 310 to apply a compressive force load.
As further shown in fig. 12 and 13, the driving mechanism 410 may include a motor bracket 411, a servo motor 412, and a heat shield 413, wherein:
the motor bracket 411 is mounted on the first loading mounting area 113 or the second loading mounting area 114; the servo motor 412 is mounted on the motor bracket 411, the servo motor 412 is provided with a driving shaft 412a, and the driving shaft 412a penetrates through the motor bracket 411 to be connected with the load clamp 420; the heat shield 413 is disposed between the drive shaft 412a and the load clamp 420. At this time, the moving end of the driving mechanism 410 is the end connected to the driving shaft 412a, and may be the end of the driving shaft 412a in other embodiments.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, by the structure of the driving mechanism 410, a force load can be provided in a relatively simple manner, and the heat insulation plate 413 can insulate the heat of the servo motor 412 during the testing process, so as to prevent the servo motor 412 from being damaged by high temperature.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a force sensor 430 is also provided at the drive shaft 412a of the servo motor 412 for measuring force load data, including critical failure load and stress-strain data. According to the force load data, the failure stress change coefficient of the combustible component VI to be tested can be determined, and after the combustible component VI to be tested breaks, the test is automatically triggered and stopped, so that the instant load is prevented from colliding with the conical heater when the structure of the combustible component VI to be tested breaks down, and the test safety is ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the collecting and analyzing assembly V includes a fire performance analyzer 520, and fig. 18 shows a schematic structural view of the fire performance analyzer according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 and 18, the fire performance analyzer 520 includes a smoke collecting hood 521 and a gas analyzer 522, wherein:
The fume collecting hood 521 is covered above the mounting frame assembly I to collect fume generated by the combustible component VI to be tested in the combustion process; and the gas analyzer 522 is used for detecting the smoke collected by the smoke collecting hood 521 to obtain smoke composition data of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide concentration and the like in the smoke.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the fire performance analysis device 520 may further include a blower 523 and/or an analysis computer 524. Wherein the blower 523 is used to transfer the flue gas from the fume collection hood 521 to a gas analyzer; the analysis computer 524 is used for analyzing the detection result of the gas analyzer 522 to obtain the fire key parameter information.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fire performance analysis device is adopted to measure and analyze fire parameters (such as the combustion heat release rate and the total release) generated by the combustible components to be tested, so that the influence of combustion of the combustible components to be tested in the fire on the fire can be reflected, and the fire hazard can be accurately and quantitatively determined.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as further shown in fig. 1, the thermal coupling testing system of the embodiment of the present invention may further include a loading control component VII for controlling the heat source component II and the force loading component IV to adjust the heat radiation intensity of the heat source component II, for example, the temperature adjusting range of the conical heater 220 is 0-1000 ℃, and the force load of the force loading component IV is adjusted, for example, the stress range of the servo motor 412 is 0-10000 n.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, further alternatively, the loading control assembly VII may include a stress controller, a temperature controller, a control button (e.g., an emergency stop button, a start button, a stop test button, etc.), a touch screen, etc., and a data transmission port through which the stress controller, the temperature controller are triggered to issue a control command, and the control command is transmitted to the heat source assembly II and the force loading assembly IV through the data transmission port, and load data from the heat source assembly II and the force loading assembly IV is also acceptable through the data transmission port.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat source assembly II, the rotary support assembly III, the force loading assembly IV, the combustible element VI to be tested and the load control assembly VII are all mounted on the mounting frame assembly I. To more clearly illustrate the arrangement of these components on the mounting frame assembly I, fig. 19 shows a schematic structural view of a fixing base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 19, the fixing base plate 110 mainly includes a heat source mounting region 111, a sample mounting region 112, a first loading mounting region 113 and a second loading mounting region 114, wherein the heat source mounting region 111 includes a first heat source mounting region 111a and a second heat source mounting region 111b, the first heat source mounting region 111a is adapted to mount a first fixing base 210 of the heat source assembly II, and the second heat source mounting region is adapted to mount a radiation shield rail 250 of the heat source assembly II.
Further, the fixed base plate 110 may further comprise a base plate mounting area 115, a first power supply channel 116 and a second power supply channel 117, wherein the base plate mounting area 15 is adapted to mount and fix the fixed base plate 110, the first power supply channel 116 is adapted to provide a power supply channel for a heat source component II, such as a conical heater 220, and the second power supply channel 117 is adapted to provide a power supply channel for a force loading component IV, such as a servo motor 412.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mounting areas can be mounted and fixed by the structure of the mounting holes and the fasteners such as bolts, and a plurality of mounting holes can be arranged in each mounting area so as to adapt to different mounting positions or sample sizes, so that the mounting device has higher use flexibility.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the installation frame assembly I may further include a square steel frame 120, fig. 20 shows a schematic structural diagram of the square steel frame 120 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1 and 20, the square steel frame 120 includes a square steel frame 121, a connection plate 122, an electrical control cabinet 123 and a moving base 124, wherein the connection plate 122 is welded on the square steel frame 121, has installation holes adapted to the bottom plate installation region 115 of the fixed bottom plate 110, the electrical control cabinet 123 is installed in the square steel frame 121, and the moving base 124 is installed at the bottom of the square steel frame 121. The fixation and electrical control of the other components is achieved by mounting the frame assembly 1.
There is also provided, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, a thermal coupling test method of a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation, performed using a thermal coupling test system as described above. Fig. 21 shows a schematic flow chart of a thermal coupling test method of a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation according to an embodiment of the invention, and fig. 22 shows a schematic diagram of a thermal coupling test method according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in conjunction with fig. 1, 21 and 22, the test method includes operations S101 to S103.
In operation S101, the combustible member VI to be measured is clamped on the clamping mechanism 310 of the rotary support assembly III, and the rotary mechanism 320 is adjusted to form a predetermined angle between the plane of the combustible member VI to be measured and the heat radiation direction, so as to control the radiation uniformity.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in operation S101, the combustible member VI to be measured is located on the central line of the conical heater 220 of the heat source assembly II, so that the adjustment of the radiant heat flux density to which the combustible member VI to be measured is subjected is more controllable, which is beneficial for switching and adjusting of uniform radiation or controllable non-uniform radiation.
In operation S102, heat is radiated to the combustible member VI to be measured through the heat source assembly II, and the first force load or the second force load is applied to the combustible member VI to be measured by the driving of the driving mechanism by the load jig 420 of the force loading assembly IV being engaged with the clamping mechanism 310.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, in operation S102, different clamp subassemblies 422 of the load clamp 420 may be selected to cooperate with the clamp mechanism 310 according to the type of mechanical loading, with the servo motor 412 of the drive mechanism 410 being controlled by the stress controller to drive the load clamp 420 to apply either the first force load or the second force load.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the irradiation distance of the conical heater 220 from the combustible member VI to be measured may be regulated using the threaded rod 241 of the sliding mechanism 240 before the heat irradiation is performed in operation S102. And, the radiation shield 230 is closed to prevent the combustible member VI to be tested from being subjected to heat flow before the test starts, and the conical heater 220 is turned on to raise the temperature to a preset temperature to heat the combustible member VI to be tested.
In operation S103, combustion performance data of the combustible member VI to be tested in the combustion process is collected through the collecting and analyzing assembly V, wherein the combustion performance data includes load data, image data and smoke composition data, and the combustion performance data is analyzed respectively to obtain fire key parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible member VI to be tested.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the combustion performance data acquisition is performed in operation S103, a single wavelength light source 511, for example, a 450nm light source, of the observation device 510 may be turned on, and the top surface and the front surface cameras are adjusted to focus on the combustible member VI to be measured, and after the light is filtered through the optical filter, image data is acquired by the cameras. Deflection data, radiation surface crack information and structure failure information (such as a structure failure mode, a structure failure time and the like) of the combustible component VI to be detected are obtained through image data processing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in operation S103, the movement stroke of the servo motor 412 of the force loading assembly IV and the force load data of the force sensor 430 may be recorded by the loading control assembly VII, and the force load data may be analyzed to obtain critical failure load and stress strain data.
The analysis computer 524 of the fire performance analysis device 520 analyzes the smoke composition data detected by the gas analyzer 522 to obtain fire key parameter information (such as combustion heat release, total heat release, ignition time, etc.).
According to the embodiment of the invention, the operations S101 to S103 may be repeated to perform different heat radiation conditions (radiation intensity, radiation uniformity) and mechanical loading types (such as stretching, extrusion, three-point bending, four-point bending), the mechanical performance intensity of the combustible member VI to be tested, the fire critical parameters (combustion heat release rate, combustion total heat release and ignition time), and the crack development rule of the heated surface.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the invention thereto, but to limit the invention thereto, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and equivalents thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thermal coupling test system for a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation, comprising:
the mounting frame assembly comprises a fixed bottom plate, wherein the fixed bottom plate is provided with a heat source mounting area, a sample mounting area, a first loading mounting area and a second loading mounting area;
The heat source assembly is arranged in the heat source installation area of the fixed bottom plate and is used for radiating heat to the combustible component to be detected and igniting the combustible component to be detected;
The rotary supporting assembly is arranged in the sample mounting area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a clamping mechanism and a rotating mechanism, the clamping mechanism is used for clamping two ends of the combustible component to be tested, and the rotating mechanism is used for controlling the clamping mechanism to rotate so as to adjust an included angle between a plane where the combustible component to be tested is located and a heat radiation direction;
the force loading assembly is arranged in the first loading installation area or the second loading installation area of the fixed bottom plate and comprises a driving mechanism, a load clamp and a first locking mechanism, wherein the load clamp is rotatably connected to the driving mechanism, and the first locking mechanism is used for locking the load clamp in a rotating position; and
The acquisition and analysis assembly is used for acquiring combustion performance data of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process, wherein the combustion performance data comprises load data, image data and smoke composition data, and the combustion performance data is respectively analyzed to obtain fire key parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component to be detected;
Wherein, under the condition that the force loading assembly is mounted in the first loading mounting area, the load clamp positioned at the rotating position is matched with the clamping mechanism under the driving of the driving mechanism, and a first force load parallel to the heat radiation direction is applied to the combustible component to be tested; under the condition that the force loading assembly is mounted in the second loading mounting area, the load clamp positioned at the rotating position is matched with the clamping mechanism under the driving of the driving mechanism, and a second force load perpendicular to the heat radiation direction is applied to the combustible component to be tested.
2. A thermal coupling test system according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition and analysis assembly comprises an observation device comprising:
a single wavelength light source for irradiating a single wavelength light to a surface of the combustible member to be measured, the surface including a front surface and a side surface;
The first image acquisition device is arranged on the front surface of the combustible component to be detected and is suitable for acquiring single-wavelength light reflected by the front surface of the combustible component to be detected to obtain crack image data;
The second image acquisition device is arranged on the side surface of the combustible component to be detected and is suitable for acquiring single-wavelength light reflected by the side surface of the combustible component to be detected to obtain deformation image data; and
And the optical filtering device is used for filtering flame light which is incident to the combustible component to be detected of the first image acquisition device and the second image acquisition device respectively, so that the single-wavelength light can be acquired by the first image acquisition device and the second image acquisition device.
3. The thermal coupling test system of claim 2, wherein the heat source assembly comprises:
a first fixing base installed at the heat source installation area of the fixing base plate;
The conical heater is arranged on the first fixed base in a sliding manner through the sliding mechanism and can be close to or far away from the combustible component to be detected along the direction parallel to the fixed bottom plate, the first image acquisition device is arranged at one port of the conical heater, and a center shaft of the conical heater, an optical axis of the first image acquisition device and the center of the combustible component to be detected are coaxially arranged; and
And a radiation shield installed at a position between the conical heater and the combustible member to be measured of the heat source installation area, and configured to shield the conical heater by moving.
4. The thermal coupling test system of claim 1, wherein:
the load clamp includes:
the first clamp mounting seat is hinged with the moving end of the driving mechanism and is provided with an arc chute; and
The plurality of clamp subassemblies can be respectively and switchably arranged on the first clamp mounting seat, and correspond to a plurality of mechanical loading types;
The first locking mechanism includes:
And the positioning bolt penetrates through the arc-shaped chute and is connected with the moving end of the driving mechanism.
5. A thermodynamic coupling test system according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the drive mechanism comprises:
The motor bracket is arranged in the first loading installation area or the second loading installation area;
The servo motor is arranged on the motor bracket and is provided with a driving shaft, and the driving shaft penetrates through the motor bracket to be connected with the load clamp; and
The heat insulating plate is arranged between the driving shaft and the load clamp.
6. The thermal coupling test system of claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises:
a second clamp mount;
the clamp fixing plate is fixed on the second clamp mounting seat;
The clamp moving plate is arranged on the second clamp mounting seat in a sliding manner and matched with the clamp fixing plate to clamp the combustible component to be tested; and
And the second locking mechanism is used for locking the clamp moving plate and providing clamping force for clamping the combustible component to be tested.
7. The thermal coupling test system of claim 6, wherein the rotation mechanism comprises:
the second fixed base is arranged in the sample mounting area of the fixed bottom plate and is used for rotatably mounting the second clamp mounting seat; and
And the third locking mechanism is used for locking the second clamp mounting seat at a rotating position so as to adjust an included angle between the plane of the combustible component to be tested and the heat radiation direction.
8. The thermal coupling test system of claim 1, the thermal coupling test system is characterized by further comprising:
And the loading control assembly is used for controlling the heat source assembly and the force loading assembly to adjust the heat radiation intensity of the heat source assembly and the force load of the force loading assembly.
9. The thermal coupling test system of claim 1, wherein the acquisition and analysis assembly comprises a fire performance analysis device comprising:
The fume collecting hood is covered above the mounting frame assembly to collect fume generated by the combustible component to be tested in the combustion process; and
And the gas analyzer is used for detecting the smoke collected by the smoke collecting hood so as to obtain the smoke composition data of the combustible component to be tested in the combustion process.
10. A thermal coupling testing method of a combustible component integrating fire performance measurement and crack observation using the thermal coupling testing system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
Clamping the combustible component to be tested on a clamping mechanism of a rotary supporting assembly, and adjusting the rotary mechanism to enable a preset included angle to be formed between a plane where the combustible component to be tested is located and a heat radiation direction;
Carrying out heat radiation on the combustible component to be tested through a heat source assembly, and applying a first force load or a second force load to the combustible component to be tested under the driving of a driving mechanism through the cooperation of a load clamp of a force loading assembly and the clamping mechanism;
And acquiring combustion performance data of the combustible component to be detected in the combustion process through an acquisition and analysis assembly, wherein the combustion performance data comprises load data, image data and smoke composition data, and analyzing the combustion performance data respectively to obtain fire key parameter information, crack information and structural failure information of the combustible component to be detected.
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| CN109738298A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-05-10 | 内蒙动力机械研究所 | A kind of ablation property test macro of heat-insulating material test specimen |
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