CN118391148A - Ignition chamber type engine and control method thereof - Google Patents
Ignition chamber type engine and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02D19/0686—Injectors
- F02D19/0689—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种点火室式发动机及其控制方法，属于内燃机技术领域。The invention relates to an ignition chamber type engine and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of internal combustion engines.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，新型低碳、零碳燃料逐渐成为内燃机发展的主要方向，在此背景下，针对低碳、零碳燃烧发动机燃烧与排放控制技术成为热点，目前典型低碳、零碳燃料有甲醇、氨等等，但与此同时也存在着燃烧速度慢、冷启动困难等问题。点火室点火能量高，多应用于稀薄燃烧发动机，可有效提高发动机热效率。火花塞点燃点火室内适于点燃和火焰传播的稍浓混合气，点火室内浓混合气快速燃烧使得点火室与主燃室间形成短时的高压差和温差。此时点火室内火焰会由于压差作用通过预燃室与主燃室相连小孔快速射入主燃室内，引燃主燃室内的混合气，国内外关于点火室系统进行了许多的研究。甲醇、氨等含氢燃料经裂解后产物包含氢气、一氧化碳以及少量气体燃料，将裂解气引入发动机缸内或者点火室内，可实现稀薄快速燃烧，进而提高发动机效率。然而，目前低碳燃料裂解器需要在高温下获得较高的裂解效率，在汽车应用领域，通常以汽车行驶时的高温尾气作为主要加热方式，电加热作为辅助加热方式。在冷启动时由于汽车尾气温度不足，存在加热过慢，能量消耗大、冷启动时间过长的问题，如何提高燃料裂解器温度，进而提高裂解效率成为解决以上问题的关键。In recent years, new low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels have gradually become the main direction of the development of internal combustion engines. Against this background, combustion and emission control technologies for low-carbon and zero-carbon combustion engines have become a hot topic. At present, typical low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels include methanol, ammonia, etc., but at the same time, there are also problems such as slow combustion speed and difficulty in cold start. The ignition chamber has high ignition energy and is mostly used in lean-burn engines, which can effectively improve the thermal efficiency of the engine. The spark plug ignites the slightly rich mixture in the ignition chamber that is suitable for ignition and flame propagation. The rich mixture in the ignition chamber burns rapidly, forming a short-term high pressure difference and temperature difference between the ignition chamber and the main combustion chamber. At this time, the flame in the ignition chamber will quickly inject into the main combustion chamber through the small hole connecting the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber due to the pressure difference, igniting the mixture in the main combustion chamber. Many studies have been conducted on the ignition chamber system at home and abroad. The products of hydrogen-containing fuels such as methanol and ammonia after cracking include hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a small amount of gas fuel. Introducing the cracked gas into the engine cylinder or ignition chamber can achieve lean and rapid combustion, thereby improving the engine efficiency. However, currently low-carbon fuel crackers need to achieve higher cracking efficiency at high temperatures. In the field of automotive applications, high-temperature exhaust gas from the car is usually used as the main heating method, and electric heating is used as an auxiliary heating method. During cold start, due to the insufficient temperature of the car exhaust, there are problems such as slow heating, high energy consumption, and long cold start time. How to increase the temperature of the fuel cracker and thus improve the cracking efficiency has become the key to solving the above problems.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种点火室式发动机及其控制方法，通过设置点火室，提高点火能量，实现稀薄燃烧；设置排气调节阀及裂解加热器，通过动态调整进入燃料裂解器尾气流量，并在尾气温度较低时，采用裂解加热器燃烧后的高温气体加热燃料裂解器，从而有效控制不同工况下燃料裂解效率；依据发动机运行工况及燃料种类，选用不同燃料类型，具有较高的燃料灵活性，实现低碳/零碳燃料发动机的快速着火与稳定燃烧，从而达到高效清洁燃烧的目的。In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an ignition chamber type engine and a control method thereof, wherein an ignition chamber is provided to increase the ignition energy and realize lean combustion; an exhaust regulating valve and a cracking heater are provided to dynamically adjust the exhaust flow entering the fuel cracker, and when the exhaust temperature is low, the high-temperature gas after combustion in the cracking heater is used to heat the fuel cracker, thereby effectively controlling the fuel cracking efficiency under different working conditions; different fuel types are selected according to the engine operating conditions and fuel types, with high fuel flexibility, to realize rapid ignition and stable combustion of low-carbon/zero-carbon fuel engines, thereby achieving the purpose of efficient and clean combustion.
本发明采用的技术方案是一种点火室式发动机，包括气缸、排气调节阀、裂解加热器、燃料裂解器、氢气储存罐、空气储存罐、燃料箱；其中裂解加热器设有加热火花塞、加热喷射器、空气阀和加热喷孔，气缸上带有点火室、进气道和排气道，点火室带有点火喷孔、点火火花塞和点火喷射器，进气道上设置进气喷射器和/或混合气喷射器，排气调节阀安装在排气道上，排气调节阀通过管路与燃料裂解器连通，裂解加热器的加热喷孔与管路连通，空气储存罐通过空气阀与裂解加热器连通，燃料箱与燃料裂解器之间设有燃料气化装置，燃料裂解器与氢气储存罐之间安装有分离器，分离器的含氢气体出口与氢气储存罐连接，分离器的其他气体出口和氢气储存罐分别与混合气喷射器连通，燃料箱还与进气喷射器、加热喷射器连接，氢气储存罐与点火喷射器连接。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is an ignition chamber type engine, comprising a cylinder, an exhaust regulating valve, a cracking heater, a fuel cracker, a hydrogen storage tank, an air storage tank, and a fuel tank; wherein the cracking heater is provided with a heating spark plug, a heating injector, an air valve and a heating spray hole, the cylinder is provided with an ignition chamber, an intake passage and an exhaust passage, the ignition chamber is provided with an ignition spray hole, an ignition spark plug and an ignition injector, an intake injector and/or a mixed gas injector is provided on the intake passage, the exhaust regulating valve is installed on the exhaust passage, the exhaust regulating valve is communicated with the fuel cracker through a pipeline, the heating spray hole of the cracking heater is communicated with the pipeline, the air storage tank is communicated with the cracking heater through the air valve, a fuel gasification device is provided between the fuel tank and the fuel cracker, a separator is installed between the fuel cracker and the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen-containing gas outlet of the separator is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, other gas outlets of the separator and the hydrogen storage tank are respectively communicated with the mixed gas injector, the fuel tank is also connected to the intake injector and the heating injector, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the ignition injector.
进一步地，所述燃料裂解器分为内壳和外壳，内壳空腔为反应区，内壳与外壳之间的空腔为加热区，外壳两端分别为尾气进口、尾气出口，尾气进口与管路连通，内壳两端分别为燃料进口和燃料出口，燃料气化装置与燃料进口连通，燃料出口与分离器的分离进口连通。Furthermore, the fuel cracker is divided into an inner shell and an outer shell, the inner shell cavity is the reaction zone, the cavity between the inner shell and the outer shell is the heating zone, the two ends of the outer shell are respectively a tail gas inlet and a tail gas outlet, the tail gas inlet is connected to the pipeline, the two ends of the inner shell are respectively a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, the fuel gasification device is connected to the fuel inlet, and the fuel outlet is connected to the separation inlet of the separator.
进一步地，所述排气调节阀包括阀体、第一阀芯、第二阀芯、第三阀芯和驱动轴，第一阀芯、第二阀芯和第三阀芯在阀体内间隔设置而构成进气口、排气口和裂解加热口，进气口、排气口和裂解加热口内部连通，驱动轴与第一阀芯、第二阀芯、第三阀芯连接固定，进气口与排气道连通，裂解加热口通过管路与燃料裂解器连接，当加大裂解加热口与管路的连通面积时，则排气口的连通面积减小；当减小裂解加热口与管路的连通面积时，则排气口的连通面积增大。Furthermore, the exhaust regulating valve includes a valve body, a first valve core, a second valve core, a third valve core and a drive shaft. The first valve core, the second valve core and the third valve core are arranged at intervals in the valve body to form an air inlet, an exhaust port and a cracking heating port. The air inlet, the exhaust port and the cracking heating port are internally connected. The drive shaft is fixedly connected to the first valve core, the second valve core and the third valve core. The air inlet is connected to the exhaust duct, and the cracking heating port is connected to the fuel cracker through a pipeline. When the connecting area between the cracking heating port and the pipeline is increased, the connecting area of the exhaust port is reduced; when the connecting area between the cracking heating port and the pipeline is reduced, the connecting area of the exhaust port is increased.
进一步地，所述分离器与混合气喷射器之间还设有混合气压力调节装置，氢气储存罐经过混合气压力调节装置后与混合气喷射器连接。Furthermore, a mixed gas pressure regulating device is provided between the separator and the mixed gas injector, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the mixed gas injector after passing through the mixed gas pressure regulating device.
进一步地，所述氢气储存罐与点火喷射器之间安装有氢气压力调节装置。Furthermore, a hydrogen pressure regulating device is installed between the hydrogen storage tank and the ignition injector.
进一步地，所述气缸还带有缸内直喷喷射器，燃料箱与缸内直喷喷射器连接。Furthermore, the cylinder is also provided with an in-cylinder direct injection injector, and the fuel tank is connected to the in-cylinder direct injection injector.
进一步地，所述燃料箱与缸内直喷喷射器之间还设有直喷供油泵。Furthermore, a direct injection fuel supply pump is provided between the fuel tank and the in-cylinder direct injection injector.
进一步地，所述主燃料箱内装有甲醇、氨等低碳含氢燃料。Furthermore, the main fuel tank is filled with low-carbon hydrogen-containing fuel such as methanol and ammonia.
进一步地，所述空气储存罐与空气阀之间还设有空气压力调节装置。Furthermore, an air pressure regulating device is provided between the air storage tank and the air valve.
本发明还提供一种双燃料发动机的控制方法，具体为发动机启动工况或低负荷运行工况时，进气喷射器将燃料箱内的燃料喷入进气道和/或混合气喷射器将分离器分离出的气体喷入进气道，点火喷射器将氢气储存罐内的气体喷入点火室内，点火火花塞点燃可燃气体，火焰通过点火喷孔喷入发动机气缸内，触发缸内燃料燃烧；并控制排气调节阀的驱动轴旋转而加大进气口、裂解加热口和管路三者之间的流通面积、减小排气口流通面积或关闭排气口，与此同时，打开空气阀，空气储存罐向裂解加热器内喷入空气，加热喷射器向裂解加热器内喷入燃料箱内的燃料，通过加热火花塞点燃空气，燃烧后高温高压的空气通过加热喷孔喷入燃料裂解器的加热区，对燃料裂解器的反应区进行加热；经过燃料气化装置气化后的燃料通过燃料进口进入燃料裂解器的反应区，反应后的含氢气体储存在氢气储存罐中，分离器分离出的其他气体依靠混合气喷射器喷入进气道；The present invention also provides a control method for a dual-fuel engine, specifically, when the engine is started or running at a low load, the intake injector sprays the fuel in the fuel tank into the intake duct and/or the mixed gas injector sprays the gas separated by the separator into the intake duct, the ignition injector sprays the gas in the hydrogen storage tank into the ignition chamber, the ignition spark plug ignites the combustible gas, and the flame is sprayed into the engine cylinder through the ignition nozzle hole, triggering the combustion of the fuel in the cylinder; and the driving shaft of the exhaust regulating valve is controlled to rotate to increase the flow area among the intake port, the cracking heating port and the pipeline, and reduce the flow area of the exhaust port. The area is closed or the exhaust port is closed. At the same time, the air valve is opened, the air storage tank sprays air into the cracking heater, the heating injector sprays the fuel in the fuel tank into the cracking heater, the air is ignited by the heating spark plug, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air after combustion is sprayed into the heating area of the fuel cracker through the heating spray hole to heat the reaction area of the fuel cracker; the fuel gasified by the fuel gasification device enters the reaction area of the fuel cracker through the fuel inlet, the hydrogen-containing gas after the reaction is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the other gases separated by the separator are sprayed into the intake duct by the mixed gas injector;
发动机高负荷运行工况时，进气喷射器将燃料箱内的燃料喷入进气道和/或混合气喷射器将分离器分离出的气体喷入进气道，点火喷射器将氢气储存罐内的气体喷入点火室内，点火火花塞点燃可燃气体，火焰通过点火喷孔喷入发动机气缸内，触发缸内燃料燃烧；并控制排气调节阀的驱动轴旋转而减小进气口、裂解加热口和管路三者之间的流通面积，同时加大排气口的流通面积，关闭空气阀和加热喷射器，通过排气道内的尾气对燃料裂解器的反应区进行加热；经过燃料气化装置气化后的燃料通过燃料进口进入燃料裂解器的反应区，反应后的含氢气体储存在氢气储存罐中，分离器分离出的其他气体依靠混合气喷射器喷入进气道。When the engine is running at high load, the intake injector sprays the fuel in the fuel tank into the intake duct and/or the mixed gas injector sprays the gas separated by the separator into the intake duct, the ignition injector sprays the gas in the hydrogen storage tank into the ignition chamber, the ignition spark plug ignites the combustible gas, and the flame is sprayed into the engine cylinder through the ignition nozzle hole, triggering the combustion of the fuel in the cylinder; and the drive shaft of the exhaust regulating valve is controlled to rotate to reduce the flow area among the intake port, the cracking heating port and the pipeline, and at the same time increase the flow area of the exhaust port, close the air valve and the heating injector, and heat the reaction zone of the fuel cracker through the exhaust gas in the exhaust duct; the fuel gasified by the fuel gasification device enters the reaction zone of the fuel cracker through the fuel inlet, the hydrogen-containing gas after the reaction is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, and the other gases separated by the separator are sprayed into the intake duct by the mixed gas injector.
本发明公开一种点火室式发动机及其控制方法，其有益效果是与现有技术相比，通过在排气道和燃料裂解器之间设置排气调节阀及裂解加热器，根据不同工况，调节发动机尾气流量及裂解加热器控制燃料裂解器反应区温度，进而有效控制不同工况下燃料裂解效率；设置点火室，提高点火能量，引入裂解气进一步提高发动机着火稳定性，从而有效拓展稀薄燃烧极限，达到提高发动机热效率的效果。The present invention discloses an ignition chamber type engine and a control method thereof, which has the beneficial effect that, compared with the prior art, an exhaust regulating valve and a cracking heater are arranged between an exhaust passage and a fuel cracker, and according to different working conditions, the engine exhaust gas flow rate and the cracking heater are adjusted to control the temperature of the reaction zone of the fuel cracker, thereby effectively controlling the fuel cracking efficiency under different working conditions; an ignition chamber is arranged to increase the ignition energy, and the cracking gas is introduced to further improve the engine ignition stability, thereby effectively extending the lean combustion limit and achieving the effect of improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1所示为一种点火室式发动机示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an ignition chamber engine;
图2所示为排气调节阀剖面示意图；FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exhaust control valve;
图3所示为图1中局部示意图。FIG. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of FIG. 1 .
图中所示：As shown in the figure:
1、进气喷射器；2、进气道；3、点火火花塞；4、点火室；5、点火喷射器；6、缸内直喷喷射器；7、直喷供油泵；8、排气道；9、排气调节阀；10、燃料气化装置；11、加热火花塞；12、加热喷射器；13、空气阀；14、裂解加热器；15、燃料裂解器；16、分离器；17、氢气储存罐；18、空气储存罐；19、氢气压力调节装置；20、燃料箱；21、混合气压力调节装置；22、混合气喷射器；23、管路；24、气缸；25、点火喷孔；91、进气口；92、排气口；93、裂解加热口；94、阀体；95、驱动轴；96、第一阀芯；97、第二阀芯；98、第三阀芯；141、加热喷孔；151、尾气进口；152、尾气出口；153、燃料进口；154、燃料出口；155、反应区；156、加热区；161、分离进口；162、含氢气体出口；163、其他气体出口。1. Intake injector; 2. Intake duct; 3. Ignition spark plug; 4. Ignition chamber; 5. Ignition injector; 6. In-cylinder direct injection injector; 7. Direct injection fuel supply pump; 8. Exhaust duct; 9. Exhaust regulating valve; 10. Fuel gasification device; 11. Heating spark plug; 12. Heating injector; 13. Air valve; 14. Cracking heater; 15. Fuel cracker; 16. Separator; 17. Hydrogen storage tank; 18. Air storage tank; 19. Hydrogen pressure regulating device; 20. Fuel tank; 21. Mixed gas pressure regulating device; 22 , mixture injector; 23, pipeline; 24, cylinder; 25, ignition nozzle; 91, air inlet; 92, exhaust port; 93, cracking heating port; 94, valve body; 95, drive shaft; 96, first valve core; 97, second valve core; 98, third valve core; 141, heating nozzle; 151, tail gas inlet; 152, tail gas outlet; 153, fuel inlet; 154, fuel outlet; 155, reaction zone; 156, heating zone; 161, separation inlet; 162, hydrogen-containing gas outlet; 163, other gas outlets.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述此技术方案。In order to further understand the content of the invention, this technical solution is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
如图1～3所示，本实施例提供一种点火室式发动机，包括气缸24、排气调节阀9、裂解加热器14、燃料裂解器15、氢气储存罐17、空气储存罐18、燃料箱20；其中裂解加热器14设有加热火花塞11、加热喷射器12、空气阀13和加热喷孔141，气缸24上带有点火室4、进气道2和排气道8，点火室4带有点火喷孔25、点火火花塞3和点火喷射器5，点火喷射器5将纯氢气或含氢混合气喷入气缸24；进气道2上设置进气喷射器1和/或混合气喷射器22，依据发动机燃料种类及运行工况，选择不同喷射方式；排气调节阀9安装在排气道8上，排气调节阀9通过管路23与燃料裂解器15连通，具体的是排气调节阀9包括阀体94、第一阀芯96、第二阀芯97、第三阀芯98和驱动轴95，第一阀芯96、第二阀芯97和第三阀芯98在阀体94内间隔设置，第一阀芯96和第二阀芯97之间构成进气口91，第二阀芯97和第三阀芯98之间构成排气口92，第一阀芯96和第三阀芯98之间构成裂解加热口93，进气口91、排气口92和裂解加热口93内部连通，驱动轴95与第一阀芯96、第二阀芯97、第三阀芯98连接固定，进气口91与排气道8连通，裂解加热口93通过管路23与燃料裂解器15连接；As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this embodiment provides an ignition chamber type engine, including a cylinder 24, an exhaust regulating valve 9, a cracking heater 14, a fuel cracker 15, a hydrogen storage tank 17, an air storage tank 18, and a fuel tank 20; wherein the cracking heater 14 is provided with a heating spark plug 11, a heating injector 12, an air valve 13 and a heating spray hole 141, the cylinder 24 is provided with an ignition chamber 4, an intake duct 2 and an exhaust duct 8, the ignition chamber 4 is provided with an ignition spray hole 25, an ignition spark plug 3 and an ignition injector 5, and the ignition injector 5 sprays pure hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixed gas into the cylinder 24; an intake injector 1 and/or a mixed gas injector 22 are provided on the intake duct 2, and different injection modes are selected according to the type of engine fuel and the operating conditions; the exhaust regulating valve 9 is installed on the exhaust duct 8, and the exhaust regulating valve 9 is installed on the exhaust duct 8. The valve 9 is connected to the fuel cracker 15 through the pipeline 23. Specifically, the exhaust regulating valve 9 includes a valve body 94, a first valve core 96, a second valve core 97, a third valve core 98 and a drive shaft 95. The first valve core 96, the second valve core 97 and the third valve core 98 are arranged at intervals in the valve body 94. An air inlet 91 is formed between the first valve core 96 and the second valve core 97, an exhaust port 92 is formed between the second valve core 97 and the third valve core 98, and a cracking heating port 93 is formed between the first valve core 96 and the third valve core 98. The air inlet 91, the exhaust port 92 and the cracking heating port 93 are internally connected. The drive shaft 95 is connected and fixed to the first valve core 96, the second valve core 97 and the third valve core 98. The air inlet 91 is connected to the exhaust passage 8, and the cracking heating port 93 is connected to the fuel cracker 15 through the pipeline 23.
具体的是燃料裂解器15分为内壳和外壳，内壳空腔为反应区155，内壳与外壳之间的空腔为加热区156，外壳两端分别为尾气进口151、尾气出口152，尾气进口151与管路23连通；内壳两端分别为燃料进口153和燃料出口154，燃料气化装置10与燃料进口153连通，燃料出口154与分离器16的分离进口161连通。裂解加热器14的加热喷孔141与管路23连通，空气储存罐18通过空气阀13与裂解加热器14连通，空气储存罐18与空气阀13之间还设有空气压力调节装置。燃料箱20一端与燃料气化装置10连接，燃料气化装置10另一端与燃料裂解器15连接，燃料裂解器15与氢气储存罐17之间安装有分离器16，分离器16的含氢气体出口162与氢气储存罐17连接，分离器16的其他气体出口163与混合气喷射器22连通或者其替代方案是分离器16的其他气体出口163与混合气喷射器22之间还设有混合气压力调节装置21，氢气储存罐17与混合气喷射器22连通或者其替代方案是氢气储存罐17经过混合气压力调节装置21后与混合气喷射器22连接，燃料箱20还与进气喷射器1、加热喷射器12连接，氢气储存罐17与点火喷射器5连接或者是氢气储存罐17与点火喷射器5之间还安装有氢气压力调节装置19。Specifically, the fuel cracker 15 is divided into an inner shell and an outer shell, the inner shell cavity is a reaction zone 155, the cavity between the inner shell and the outer shell is a heating zone 156, the two ends of the outer shell are respectively a tail gas inlet 151 and a tail gas outlet 152, and the tail gas inlet 151 is connected to the pipeline 23; the two ends of the inner shell are respectively a fuel inlet 153 and a fuel outlet 154, the fuel gasification device 10 is connected to the fuel inlet 153, and the fuel outlet 154 is connected to the separation inlet 161 of the separator 16. The heating nozzle 141 of the cracking heater 14 is connected to the pipeline 23, the air storage tank 18 is connected to the cracking heater 14 through the air valve 13, and an air pressure regulating device is also provided between the air storage tank 18 and the air valve 13. One end of the fuel tank 20 is connected to the fuel gasification device 10, and the other end of the fuel gasification device 10 is connected to the fuel cracker 15. A separator 16 is installed between the fuel cracker 15 and the hydrogen storage tank 17. The hydrogen-containing gas outlet 162 of the separator 16 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 17, and the other gas outlet 163 of the separator 16 is connected to the mixed gas injector 22, or as an alternative, a mixed gas pressure regulating device 21 is also provided between the other gas outlet 163 of the separator 16 and the mixed gas injector 22, the hydrogen storage tank 17 is connected to the mixed gas injector 22, or as an alternative, the hydrogen storage tank 17 is connected to the mixed gas injector 22 after passing through the mixed gas pressure regulating device 21, the fuel tank 20 is also connected to the intake injector 1 and the heating injector 12, the hydrogen storage tank 17 is connected to the ignition injector 5, or a hydrogen pressure regulating device 19 is also installed between the hydrogen storage tank 17 and the ignition injector 5.
所述主燃料箱20内装有甲醇、氨等低碳含氢燃料。The main fuel tank 20 is filled with low-carbon hydrogen-containing fuel such as methanol and ammonia.
本实施例还提供一种双燃料发动机的控制方法，具体为发动机启动工况或低负荷运行工况时，进气喷射器1将燃料箱20内的燃料喷入进气道2，混合气喷射器22将纯氢气、或含氢混合气、或除氢气以外的其他气体喷入进气道2，点火喷射器5将氢气储存罐17内的气体喷入点火室4内，点火火花塞3点燃可燃气体，火焰通过点火喷孔25喷入发动机气缸24内，触发缸内燃料燃烧；发动机启动或低负荷运行工况时，发动机尾气温度低，不能满足燃料裂解器15高效工作温度，驱动轴95与步进电机连接，通过步进电机控制驱动轴95旋转角度，驱动轴95旋转带动第一阀芯96、第二阀芯97和第三阀芯98随之转动，从而加大进气口91、裂解加热口93和管路23三者之间的流通面积、减小排气口92流通面积或关闭排气口92，具体的是当步进电机带动驱动轴95向左旋转时，进气口91与排气口92连通面积减小，而进气口91与裂解加热口93连通面积增加。与此同时，打开空气阀13，空气储存罐18向裂解加热器14内喷入空气，加热喷射器12向裂解加热器14内喷入燃料箱20内的燃料，通过加热火花塞11点燃空气，燃烧后高温高压的空气通过加热喷孔141喷入燃料裂解器15的加热区156，对燃料裂解器15的反应区155进行加热；经过燃料气化装置10气化后的燃料通过燃料进口153进入燃料裂解器15的反应区155，反应后的含氢气体储存在氢气储存罐17中，分离器16分离出的除氢以外的其他气体依靠混合气喷射器22喷入进气道2；The present embodiment also provides a control method for a dual-fuel engine, specifically, when the engine is started or running at a low load, the intake injector 1 injects the fuel in the fuel tank 20 into the intake passage 2, the mixture injector 22 injects pure hydrogen, or a hydrogen-containing mixture, or other gases except hydrogen into the intake passage 2, the ignition injector 5 injects the gas in the hydrogen storage tank 17 into the ignition chamber 4, the ignition spark plug 3 ignites the combustible gas, and the flame is injected into the engine cylinder 24 through the ignition nozzle 25, triggering the combustion of the fuel in the cylinder; when the engine is started or running at a low load, the engine exhaust temperature is low, The efficient working temperature of the fuel cracker 15 cannot be met. The drive shaft 95 is connected to the stepper motor. The rotation angle of the drive shaft 95 is controlled by the stepper motor. The rotation of the drive shaft 95 drives the first valve core 96, the second valve core 97 and the third valve core 98 to rotate accordingly, thereby increasing the flow area between the air inlet 91, the cracking heating port 93 and the pipeline 23, reducing the flow area of the exhaust port 92 or closing the exhaust port 92. Specifically, when the stepper motor drives the drive shaft 95 to rotate left, the communication area between the air inlet 91 and the exhaust port 92 is reduced, while the communication area between the air inlet 91 and the cracking heating port 93 is increased. At the same time, the air valve 13 is opened, the air storage tank 18 sprays air into the cracking heater 14, the heating injector 12 sprays the fuel in the fuel tank 20 into the cracking heater 14, the air is ignited by the heating spark plug 11, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air after combustion is sprayed into the heating zone 156 of the fuel cracker 15 through the heating injection hole 141, so as to heat the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15; the fuel gasified by the fuel gasification device 10 enters the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15 through the fuel inlet 153, the hydrogen-containing gas after the reaction is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 17, and the other gases except hydrogen separated by the separator 16 are sprayed into the intake duct 2 by the mixed gas injector 22;
发动机高负荷运行工况时，进气喷射器1将燃料箱20内的燃料喷入进气道2，混合气喷射器22将纯氢气、或含氢混合气、或除氢气以外的其他气体喷入进气道2，点火喷射器5将氢气储存罐17内的气体喷入点火室4内，点火火花塞3点燃可燃气体，火焰通过点火喷孔25喷入发动机气缸24内，触发缸内燃料燃烧；发动机高负荷运行工况时，发动机尾气温度高，通过控制排气调节阀9的驱动轴95旋转而减小进气口91、裂解加热口93和管路23三者之间的流通面积，同时加大排气口92的流通面积，具体的是当步进电机带动驱动轴95向右旋转时，进气口91与排气口92连通面积增大，而进气口91与裂解加热口93连通面积减小。关闭空气阀13和加热喷射器12，通过排气道8内的尾气对燃料裂解器15的反应区155进行加热；经过燃料气化装置10气化后的燃料通过燃料进口153进入燃料裂解器15的反应区155，反应后的含氢气体储存在氢气储存罐17中，分离器16分离出的除氢以外的其他气体依靠混合气喷射器22喷入进气道2。When the engine is running at a high load, the intake injector 1 sprays the fuel in the fuel tank 20 into the intake duct 2, the mixture injector 22 sprays pure hydrogen, or a hydrogen-containing mixture, or other gases except hydrogen into the intake duct 2, the ignition injector 5 sprays the gas in the hydrogen storage tank 17 into the ignition chamber 4, the ignition spark plug 3 ignites the combustible gas, and the flame is sprayed into the engine cylinder 24 through the ignition nozzle 25, triggering the combustion of the fuel in the cylinder; when the engine is running at a high load, the engine exhaust temperature is high, and the flow area among the intake port 91, the cracking heating port 93 and the pipeline 23 is reduced by controlling the rotation of the drive shaft 95 of the exhaust regulating valve 9, and at the same time, the flow area of the exhaust port 92 is increased. Specifically, when the stepper motor drives the drive shaft 95 to rotate to the right, the connection area between the intake port 91 and the exhaust port 92 increases, while the connection area between the intake port 91 and the cracking heating port 93 decreases. The air valve 13 and the heating injector 12 are closed, and the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15 is heated by the exhaust gas in the exhaust duct 8; the fuel gasified by the fuel gasification device 10 enters the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15 through the fuel inlet 153, and the hydrogen-containing gas after the reaction is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 17. The other gases except hydrogen separated by the separator 16 are sprayed into the intake duct 2 by the mixed gas injector 22.
所述的裂解加热器14的空气阀13向裂解加热器14中喷入高压空气，加热喷射器12喷入燃料、或氢气储存罐17中纯氢气或含氢混合气，加热火花塞11点燃混合气，燃烧后高温混合气经加热喷孔141喷出后从燃料裂解器15的尾气进口151进入并通过燃料裂解器15的加热区156，流通过程中对燃料裂解器15的反应区155进行加热，最终从燃料裂解器15的尾气出口152排出。The air valve 13 of the cracking heater 14 sprays high-pressure air into the cracking heater 14, the heating injector 12 sprays fuel, or pure hydrogen or hydrogen-containing mixed gas in the hydrogen storage tank 17, the heating spark plug 11 ignites the mixed gas, and the high-temperature mixed gas after combustion is sprayed out through the heating nozzle 141 and enters from the tail gas inlet 151 of the fuel cracker 15 and passes through the heating zone 156 of the fuel cracker 15. During the circulation process, the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15 is heated and finally discharged from the tail gas outlet 152 of the fuel cracker 15.
所述燃料气化装置10采用电加热或尾气加热的方式，经过气化加热后的燃料以气态形式进入燃料裂解器15的燃料进口153并通过燃料裂解器15的反应区155，裂解后的含氢混合气经过燃料裂解器15的燃料出口154进入分离器16的分离进口161，分离器16对进入的气体进行分离，分为含氢混合气或纯氢气、以及除氢气以外的其他气体，含氢混合气或纯氢气直接储存在氢气储存罐17中；含氢混合气或纯氢气还可通过混合气压力调节装置21及混合气喷射器22喷入进气道2。The fuel gasification device 10 adopts electric heating or tail gas heating. The fuel after gasification and heating enters the fuel inlet 153 of the fuel cracker 15 in gaseous form and passes through the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15. The cracked hydrogen-containing mixed gas enters the separation inlet 161 of the separator 16 through the fuel outlet 154 of the fuel cracker 15. The separator 16 separates the incoming gas into hydrogen-containing mixed gas or pure hydrogen, and other gases except hydrogen. The hydrogen-containing mixed gas or pure hydrogen is directly stored in the hydrogen storage tank 17; the hydrogen-containing mixed gas or pure hydrogen can also be sprayed into the intake duct 2 through the mixed gas pressure regulating device 21 and the mixed gas injector 22.
通过在排气道8和燃料裂解器15之间设置排气调节阀9及裂解加热器14，根据发动机运行不同工况，调节发动机尾气流量及裂解加热器14控制燃料裂解器15反应区155温度，确保燃料裂解器15始终工作在高效裂解温度范围内，进而有效控制不同工况下燃料裂解效率，解决甲醇、氨等低碳/零碳燃料冷启动困难、着火稳定性差的问题，实现高效清洁燃烧。By arranging an exhaust regulating valve 9 and a cracking heater 14 between the exhaust duct 8 and the fuel cracker 15, the engine exhaust flow rate and the cracking heater 14 are adjusted according to different operating conditions of the engine to control the temperature of the reaction zone 155 of the fuel cracker 15, thereby ensuring that the fuel cracker 15 always operates within the efficient cracking temperature range, thereby effectively controlling the fuel cracking efficiency under different operating conditions, solving the problems of difficult cold start and poor ignition stability of low-carbon/zero-carbon fuels such as methanol and ammonia, and achieving efficient and clean combustion.
实施例2：Embodiment 2:
如图1～3所示，与实施例1不同的是，所述气缸24还带有缸内直喷喷射器6，燃料箱20经过直喷供油泵7后与缸内直喷喷射器6连接。发动机启动工况或低负荷运行工况时，增加了缸内直喷喷射器6将燃料喷入气缸24，进一步优化不同工况下发动机燃烧模式。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, different from the embodiment 1, the cylinder 24 is also provided with an in-cylinder direct injection injector 6, and the fuel tank 20 is connected to the in-cylinder direct injection injector 6 after passing through a direct injection fuel supply pump 7. When the engine is started or under low load operation, the in-cylinder direct injection injector 6 is added to inject fuel into the cylinder 24, further optimizing the engine combustion mode under different working conditions.
实施例3：Embodiment 3:
如图1～3所示，与实施例1和实施例2不同的是，进气道2上未设置进气喷射器1，发动机启动工况或低负荷运行工况时，燃料由缸内直喷喷射器6喷入气缸24。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , unlike Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, no intake injector 1 is provided on the intake passage 2 , and during engine start-up or low-load operation, fuel is injected into the cylinder 24 by the in-cylinder direct injection injector 6 .
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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