CN118347218A - Water circulation cooling system with flow limiting function in extremely hot environment and cooling method - Google Patents
Water circulation cooling system with flow limiting function in extremely hot environment and cooling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of active cooling heat protection in an extremely hot environment of an aircraft, and discloses a water circulation cooling system with a flow limiting function and a cooling method in the extremely hot environment, wherein the water circulation cooling system comprises a circulation pipeline, a cooling structure, a water tank, a heat exchanger and a high-pressure pump, and the cooling structure, the water tank, the heat exchanger and the high-pressure pump are sequentially arranged on the circulation pipeline; the cooling structure is used for being arranged in a very hot environment to bear external very hot load and cool the target; the water tank is used for providing a high-temperature high-pressure environment and rectifying and storing; the heat exchanger is used for providing an atmospheric environment, realizing mixing heat exchange between high-temperature high-pressure water and atmospheric water, and simultaneously carrying out gas-liquid separation; the high-pressure pump is used for further realizing gas-liquid separation, pressurizing normal-pressure water and conveying the normal-pressure water to the cooling structure; the cooling medium in the cooling system adopts water. Under the condition that the total amount of cooling water is limited, the high-speed flowing heat exchange of liquid water in the flow channel is realized, and the cooling efficiency of the water cooling working medium is greatly released.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of active cooling heat protection in an extremely hot environment of an aircraft, in particular to a water circulation cooling system with a flow limiting function in the extremely hot environment. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for circulating and cooling the limited water in the extremely hot environment, which comprises the system for circulating and cooling the limited water in the extremely hot environment.
Background
Active cooling heat protection technology is mature and has wide application field. For example: the active cooling heat protection technology is applied to an application technology of the aerospace vehicle; see the "active heat protection key technology and application under extreme conditions of spacecraft" project of "active cooling heat protection theory and technology of spacecraft" Jiang Peixue, scientific press, 2023, 8 th edition, which are completed by Qinghua university dynamic system Jiang Peixue and the like and obtain a prize of the technological invention of the country in 2020. Active cooling is variously classified into convection cooling, sweating (divergent) cooling, film cooling, spray cooling, and the like in terms of cooling mechanism. Active cooling can be classified into water cooling, oil cooling, CO 2 cooling, liquid nitrogen cooling, etc. according to the type of cooling medium used. Compared with a passive heat-proof mode, the active cooling heat protection has the advantages of high cooling rate, good cooling effect, high heat exchange efficiency, long heat protection time and the like. However, due to the use of the cooling working medium, active cooling has the non-negligible disadvantages, such as large consumption of the cooling working medium, complex cooling supply system, heavy structure and the like, and especially for a water-cooling structure, because water has phase change near the boiling point and changes in physical state, generated vapor bubbles easily form a gaseous thin layer on the surface of the structure, so that the heat exchange speed between liquid water and the hot surface of the structure is rapidly reduced, namely the local cooling effect is rapidly deteriorated, and finally the local overtemperature burning of the structure is caused. In order to avoid the phenomenon, the water cooling structure adopts large-flow cooling measures in the practical application process, namely, the flow and the flow velocity are increased to ensure that the whole cooling flow passage is not boiled and a large number of bubbles are not generated, but the problems of high cooling working medium quality, high running cost of the whole system and system performance reduction are also brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circulation cooling system with current-limiting water and a cooling method in an extremely hot environment, which can solve the technical problems of high water consumption and easy local burning in the existing cooling system under the condition of limited total cooling water, can realize high-speed flowing heat exchange of liquid water in a flow channel with limited water quantity, greatly release the cooling efficiency of a water-cooling working medium and have great practical application value for solving the active cooling problem in the extremely hot environment.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a water circulation cooling system with flow limitation in a very hot environment, wherein the very hot environment is an environment formed by a great amount of heat generated by friction between an aircraft and air when the aircraft flies in the atmosphere at a high speed and a sharp rise of the air temperature caused by the violent compression of the air in front of the aircraft, and the water circulation cooling system comprises a circulation pipeline, a cooling structure, a water tank, a heat exchanger and a high-pressure pump, wherein the cooling structure, the water tank, the heat exchanger and the high-pressure pump are sequentially arranged on the circulation pipeline; the cooling structure is used for being arranged in a very hot environment to bear external very hot load and cool the target; the water tank is used for providing a high-temperature high-pressure environment and rectifying and storing; the heat exchanger is used for providing an atmospheric environment, realizing mixing heat exchange between high-temperature high-pressure water and atmospheric water, and simultaneously carrying out gas-liquid separation; the high-pressure pump is used for further realizing gas-liquid separation, pressurizing normal-pressure water and conveying the normal-pressure water to the cooling structure; the cooling medium in the cooling system adopts a preset amount of water; in an active cooling area formed by combining the high-pressure pump, the cooling structure and the water tank, the water in the cooling structure is ensured to be liquid water through the cooperative cooperation of the high-pressure pump and the water tank, and flows at a directional, preset high pressure and preset high speed; in a heat exchange area formed by combining the water tank and the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is used for carrying out blending heat exchange and cooling on high-temperature high-speed liquid water output by the water tank, and the generated water vapor is separated from the liquid water and then discharged, so that the water output from the heat exchanger to the high-pressure pump is ensured to be in a liquid state, a normal temperature state and a normal pressure state.
Further, the cooling structure is a structural member with severe heating, and the heat flux density of the heating surface is greater than that of the structural member。
Further, the water tank is made of pressure-resistant materials (such as carbon steel, stainless steel or pressure-resistant alloy steel), the pressure in the pipe section from the high-pressure pump of the circulating pipeline to the water tank is 1-10 MPa, and the pressure in the water tank is 1-10 MPa.
Further, at least one of a baffle, a grid or a porous plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the water tank so as to realize rectification.
Further, a safety valve, a single-phase valve and a flowmeter are arranged on the heat exchanger; a safety valve for preventing the steam pressure in the heat exchanger from rising to cause structural damage; a single-phase valve for removing water vapor and intercepting liquid water; the flowmeter is used for monitoring the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time, transmitting the monitored data to the controller, and calculating the cooling water loss through the controller.
Further, the relief valve design pressure is 1atm to 3atm.
Further, the calculation formula of the cooling water loss amount is:
；
wherein: In order to obtain the water consumption percentage, To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the system via the flow meter,For the run-time of the system,For filling the total mass of cooling water in the system, for example.
Further, whenWhen the set value is reached, the cooling system stops running,The set value is 70% -80%.
Further, the gas exhaust end of the safety valve is connected with a condensing device, and the output end of the condensing device is connected to the heat exchanger and used for condensing the water vapor discharged by the safety valve into water and refluxing the water vapor to the heat exchanger.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a circulation cooling method of the limited water under the extremely hot environment, which adopts the above circulation cooling system of the limited water under the extremely hot environment, S100, the cooling system is installed, the pipelines of all parts are connected to form a circulation pipeline, and a safety valve and a single-phase valve are installed; s200, filling normal-temperature normal-pressure liquid cooling water in a cooling system flow channel; s300, switching on a power supply of the high-pressure pump, starting the high-pressure pump, and running a cooling system in a cold state; s400, the cooling structure bears extremely hot load; s500, starting the water tank and the heat exchanger to operate; s600, operating a safety valve, a single-phase valve and a flowmeter, and discharging a small amount of high-temperature steam out of the cooling system; and S700, stopping the cooling system after the cooling water consumption reaches the set value.
Further, in the initial state, normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water is packaged in a heat exchanger and is connected with the outside atmosphere through a safety valve, and the whole cooling system is prefilled with the normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water; after the cooling structure bears external extreme heat load, starting the high-pressure pump to promote water in the circulating pipeline to flow at a high speed and perform efficient heat exchange; after absorbing a large amount of heat from the cooling structure, the cooling water increases in temperature, but remains in a liquid state under high pressure; after passing through the cooling structure, the high-pressure liquid cooling water is rectified and stored in the high-pressure water tank and is discharged to the heat exchanger through a water cooling pipeline; the heat exchanger is in a normal pressure state, a part of high-temperature high-pressure liquid water in the heat exchanger is rapidly vaporized and absorbs a large amount of heat, and is fully mixed with the rest of liquid water, and the state of the water in the final heat exchanger is as follows: the temperature is near the boiling point and the pressure is near the normal pressure; the heat exchanger is provided with a safety valve to ensure that the heat exchanger is always at a proper pressure, and the design pressure of the safety valve is 1 atm-3 atm; meanwhile, the heat exchanger is provided with a single-phase valve and a flowmeter, the single-phase valve is used for discharging generated water vapor and intercepting liquid water in the water vapor mixture for continuous cyclic utilization; the flowmeter is used for monitoring the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time and calculating the loss of the cooling water, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein: In order to obtain the water consumption percentage, To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the system via the flow meter,For the run-time of the system,For filling the total mass of cooling water as in the system; when (when)When the set value is reached, the cooling system should stop running,The set value is 70% -80%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention discloses a water circulation cooling system with a flow limiting function in an extremely hot environment, which is used for actively cooling and exchanging heat for a target in the extremely hot environment based on the limit condition of medium water flow; specifically, the normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water output by the heat exchanger is pressurized by a high-pressure pump and pumped into a flow channel of the cooling structure, so that the liquid water passes through the cooling structure at high pressure and high speed to realize high-speed and high-efficiency convection heat exchange with a target, the liquid water absorbs heat and heats up to form high-temperature and high-pressure liquid water, then enters a high-temperature and high-pressure water tank, is conveyed to the normal-pressure heat exchanger through a pipeline, and part of liquid water absorbs heat and boils to become water vapor and is discharged through a safety valve; the rest large amount of normal pressure liquid water is continuously conveyed into the cooling structure through the high-pressure pump for cooling heat exchange, and the reciprocating circulation is performed; the water tank is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the pressure in the water tank can be set to be between 1MPa and 10MPa according to the requirement of the use environment, the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, the water tank is used for ensuring that water in the cooling flow channel is in a liquid state under high pressure, and the phenomenon that the surface of the cooling structure is locally cooled and loses efficacy due to bubbles generated by boiling of the water is avoided. The heat exchanger is in a state of approximately 100 ℃ and normal pressure, and a water vapor mixture is arranged in the heat exchanger and is used for realizing blending heat exchange between high-temperature high-pressure water and normal-pressure water, wherein the high-temperature high-pressure water is from a high-pressure water tank, and the normal-pressure water is original liquid water in a circulating system. The cooling system can solve the technical problems of high water consumption and easy local burning in the existing cooling system under the condition of limited total cooling water quantity, can realize high-speed flowing heat exchange of liquid water in the flow channel with limited water quantity, greatly releases the cooling efficiency of a water cooling working medium, and has great practical application value for solving the active cooling problem in an extremely hot environment.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a limited flow water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the water circulation cooling system with flow restriction in extremely hot environment according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Legend description:
100. a circulation line; 200. a cooling structure; 300. a water tank; 400. a heat exchanger; 401. a safety valve; 500. a high pressure pump.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, but the invention can be practiced in a number of different ways, as defined and covered below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a limited flow water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the water circulation cooling system with flow restriction in extremely hot environment according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment has a limited water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment, which is an environment in which when an aircraft flies in the atmosphere at a high speed, friction with air generates a large amount of heat and air in front of the aircraft is strongly compressed to cause rapid rise of air temperature, and includes a circulation line 100, a cooling structure 200, a water tank 300, a heat exchanger 400 and a high-pressure pump 500, wherein the cooling structure 200, the water tank 300, the heat exchanger 400 and the high-pressure pump 500 are sequentially arranged on the circulation line 100; a cooling structure 200 for being disposed in a very hot environment to bear an external very hot load and cool the target; A water tank 300 for providing a high temperature and high pressure environment and rectifying and storing; the heat exchanger 400 is used for providing an atmospheric environment, realizing blending heat exchange between high-temperature high-pressure water and atmospheric water, and simultaneously carrying out gas-liquid separation; a high pressure pump 500 for further effecting gas-liquid separation and pressurizing and delivering the normal pressure water to the cooling structure 200; the cooling medium in the cooling system adopts a preset amount of water; in the active cooling area formed by the combination of the high-pressure pump 500, the cooling structure 200 and the water tank 300, the water in the cooling structure 200 is ensured to be liquid water through the cooperative cooperation of the high-pressure pump 500 and the water tank 300 and flows at a directional, preset high pressure and preset high speed; In the heat exchange area formed by the combination of the water tank 300 and the heat exchanger 400, the high-temperature high-pressure high-speed liquid water output by the water tank 300 is subjected to blending heat exchange and temperature reduction through the heat exchanger 400, and the generated water vapor is separated from the liquid water and then discharged, so that the water output from the heat exchanger 400 to the high-pressure pump 500 is ensured to be in a liquid state, a normal temperature state and a normal pressure state. The invention discloses a water circulation cooling system with a flow limiting function in an extremely hot environment, which is used for actively cooling and exchanging heat for a target in the extremely hot environment based on the limit condition of medium water flow; specifically, the normal temperature and normal pressure liquid water output by the heat exchanger 400 is pressurized by the high pressure pump 500 and pumped into the flow channel of the cooling structure 200, so that the liquid water is caused to pass through the cooling structure 200 at high speed and high speed, high-speed and efficient convection heat exchange is realized with a target, the liquid water absorbs heat and heats up to form high temperature and high pressure liquid water, then the high temperature and high pressure liquid water enters the high temperature and high pressure water tank 300 and is then conveyed to the normal pressure heat exchanger 400 through a pipeline, and part of the liquid water absorbs heat and boils to become water vapor and is discharged through the safety valve 401; The rest large amount of normal pressure liquid water is continuously conveyed into the cooling structure 200 through the high pressure pump 500 for cooling heat exchange, and the reciprocating circulation is performed; the water tank 300 is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, the pressure in the water tank 300 can be set between 1MPa and 10MPa according to the use environment requirement, the temperature is higher than 100 ℃, namely the pressure from the high-pressure pump 500 to the water tank 300 is 1MPa to 10MPa, the function of the water tank is to ensure that water in a cooling flow channel is in a liquid state under high pressure, and the phenomenon that the surface of the cooling structure 200 is locally cooled and loses efficacy due to bubbles generated by boiling of the water is avoided. The heat exchanger 400 is in a state of approximately 100 ℃ and normal pressure, and a water vapor mixture is arranged in the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange between high-temperature and high-pressure water and normal pressure water is realized, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure water is from the high-pressure water tank 300, and the normal pressure water is the original liquid water in the circulating system. The cooling system can solve the technical problems of high water consumption and easy local burning in the existing cooling system under the condition of limited total cooling water quantity, can realize high-speed flowing heat exchange of liquid water in the flow channel with limited water quantity, greatly releases the cooling efficiency of a water cooling working medium, and has great practical application value for solving the active cooling problem in an extremely hot environment.
In this embodiment, the cooling structure 200 is a structure with severe heat, and the heat flux density of the heating surface is greater than that of the structure. The cooling structure 200 is a cooling structure of an aircraft, such as an outer skin of an aircraft. The high heat flux means that the cooling structure needs to absorb and transfer heat quickly and efficiently to prevent target overheating; prolonged exposure to high temperatures may also lead to gradual degradation of the material; to cope with possible overheating problems, more frequent maintenance and replacement of parts may be required, increasing the operating costs. When the heat flux density of the heating surface is less than or equal to 5 MW/-square meter, insufficient cooling may be caused, and the cooling structure may overheat, resulting in performance degradation or failure; uneven distribution of temperature may lead to thermal stresses, which may cause material fatigue and cracking; prolonged exposure to high temperatures, even if the heat flux density is not particularly high, may lead to gradual degradation of the material; to cope with possible overheating problems, more frequent maintenance and replacement of parts may be required, increasing the operating costs.
In this embodiment, the water tank 300 is made of a pressure-resistant material (e.g., carbon steel, stainless steel or pressure-resistant alloy steel), the pressure in the pipe section from the booster pump (high pressure pump 500) of the circulation line 100 to the water tank 300 is 1MPa to 10MPa, and the pressure in the water tank 300 is 1MPa to 10MPa. The water tank 300 can bear high temperature and high pressure, provide necessary working conditions for the system, ensure that the cooling medium can still keep liquid state under high temperature and high pressure and perform effective heat exchange; the cooling medium flowing through the cooling device can be rectified, turbulence and vortex generated by flowing are reduced, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the cooling device also has the function of storing the cooling medium, and the stable operation of the system is ensured; the high-pressure pump 500 can maintain the pressure in the pipeline within the range of 1MPa to 10MPa, ensure that the cooling system works within the designed pressure range, and avoid adverse effects caused by too low or too high pressure; under high pressure, the heat capacity and the heat transfer performance of the cooling medium are improved, heat can be absorbed and transferred more effectively, and the cooling efficiency is improved; the water tank 300 made of the pressure-resistant material can bear high pressure, and equipment damage or safety accidents caused by the excessive pressure are prevented; maintaining the pressure in the water tank 300 and the pipe sections of the high-pressure pump 500 to the water tank 300 within a range of 1MPa to 10MPa is critical to ensuring efficient operation and safety of the cooling system. When the pressure is lower than 1MPa, the pressure decrease may cause a decrease in the heat capacity and heat transfer performance of the cooling medium (liquid water), thereby decreasing the cooling efficiency; at too low a pressure, the cooling medium (liquid water) may be vaporized, generating bubbles, causing cavitation, damaging the pump and the piping; too low pressure may cause a slow flow rate of the cooling medium (liquid water), insufficient heat exchange, and affect the cooling effect; too low a pressure may affect the stability of the cooling system, resulting in an insufficient supply of cooling medium (liquid water), affecting the proper operation of the cooling system. When the pressure is higher than 10MPa, the design pressure range may be exceeded, possibly resulting in damage to the cooling system of the water tank 300, the pipeline or the high-pressure pump 500, etc.; excessive high pressures can lead to cracking, leakage or explosion of the cooling system, piping, with serious safety risks; at excessively high pressures, the sealing performance of the cooling system may be compromised, resulting in leakage; the pressure-resistant material can be fatigued after long-term working under high pressure, so that the service life is shortened; cooling systems in excessively high pressure environments are more prone to damage, may require more frequent maintenance and replacement, and increase maintenance costs.
In this embodiment, at least one of a baffle, a grating, or a porous plate is provided in the inner cavity of the water tank 300 to achieve rectification. The baffle plate, the grille or the porous plate can reduce turbulence generated when the cooling liquid flows, thereby reducing energy loss caused by flow and improving heat exchange efficiency; through the rectification structure, the cooling liquid can form more uniform flow velocity distribution in the inner cavity of the water tank, so that the local flow velocity is prevented from being too fast or too slow, and the uniformity of heat exchange is ensured; the rectifying structures are beneficial to enhancing the heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the inner wall of the water tank, as the rectifying structures can promote the contact between the fluid and the heat exchange surface, and improve the heat transfer efficiency; under high pressure conditions, proper rectification can reduce local pressure drop, thereby reducing the risk of cavitation, protecting the pump and piping system.
In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 400 is provided with a safety valve 401, a single-phase valve and a flowmeter; a safety valve 401 for preventing structural damage caused by an increase in steam pressure in the heat exchanger 400; a single-phase valve for removing water vapor and intercepting liquid water; the flowmeter is used for monitoring the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time, transmitting the monitored data to the controller, and calculating the cooling water loss through the controller.
In this embodiment, the relief valve 401 is designed to have a pressure of 1atm to 3atm. The safety valve is an automatic valve mounted on a closed cooling system, more particularly arranged on the heat exchanger 400, with the purpose of automatically releasing the pressure when the pressure in the heat exchanger 400 exceeds a predetermined safety value, in order to prevent overpressure and possible explosion or damage of the heat exchanger 400. The design pressure of the safety valve 401 is 1atm to 3atm, ensuring that the cooling system is not damaged by the excessive pressure during normal operation; protecting the cooling system from damage by releasing the pressure before it reaches a dangerous level; by controlling the pressure, the integrity of the system is maintained, avoiding leaks or other problems due to excessive pressure. When the design pressure is lower than 1atm, if the design pressure of the safety valve is lower than the normal operation pressure of the system, the safety valve may be opened when the safety valve should not be opened, so that the system loses pressure and normal operation is affected; frequent premature release may result in wasted energy because the system needs to constantly replenish pressure; the premature opening of the safety valve may interfere with the normal operation of the system, reducing efficiency; the cooling medium may be lost due to frequent opening of the safety valve, increasing the cost of replenishing the cooling medium. When the design pressure is higher than 3atm, if the design pressure of the safety valve is higher than the highest pressure that the system can reach, the safety valve may not be opened in time before the pressure becomes dangerous, increasing the risk of the system being over-pressurized; exceeding the design pressure in the cooling system may cause damage to the piping, vessels, or other components; in extreme cases, overpressure may lead to explosion or serious physical damage; if the safety valve does not function properly, the cooling system may not function properly when the pressure does not reach the safety threshold, resulting in reduced performance.
In this embodiment, the flow meter is used for monitoring the mass flow of water vapor discharged from the system via the flow meter in real time, and transmitting the monitored data to the controller, and the controller calculates the cooling water loss, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein: In order to obtain the water consumption percentage, To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the system via the flow meter,For the run-time of the system,For filling the total mass of cooling water in the system, for example.
In the present embodiment, whenWhen the set value is reached, the cooling system stops running,The set value is 70% -80%.
In this embodiment, the gas discharge end of the safety valve 401 is connected to a condensing device, and the output end of the condensing device is connected to the heat exchanger 400, so as to condense the water vapor discharged by the safety valve 401 into water and return the water vapor to the heat exchanger 400. Through setting up condensing equipment, can reduce the loss of coolant (liquid water), and then prolong cooling system's life, reduce cooling system's shut down maintenance.
The method for circulating and cooling the limited water in the extremely hot environment of the embodiment is realized based on the system for circulating and cooling the limited water in the extremely hot environment provided by the embodiment, and specifically comprises the following steps: s100, installing a cooling system, connecting the pipelines of all the components to form a circulating pipeline 100, and installing a safety valve 401 and a single-phase valve; s200, filling normal-temperature normal-pressure liquid cooling water in a cooling system flow channel; s300, switching on a power supply of a booster pump (high-pressure pump 500), starting the booster pump (high-pressure pump 500), and running a cooling system in a cold state; s400, the cooling structure 200 bears extremely hot load; s500, starting to operate the water tank 300 and the heat exchanger 400; s600, a safety valve 401, a single-phase valve and a flowmeter are operated, and a small amount of high-temperature steam is discharged out of the cooling system; and S700, stopping the cooling system after the cooling water consumption reaches the set value.
In this embodiment, in the initial state, normal temperature and normal pressure liquid water is encapsulated in the heat exchanger 400, and is connected with the outside atmosphere through the safety valve 401, and the whole cooling system is prefilled with normal temperature and normal pressure liquid water; after the cooling structure 200 bears external extreme heat load, starting a booster pump (high-pressure pump 500) to promote water in the circulation pipeline 100 to flow at a high speed and perform efficient heat exchange; after absorbing a large amount of heat from the cooling structure 200, the cooling water increases in temperature, but remains in a liquid state under high pressure; after passing through the cooling structure 200, the high-pressure liquid cooling water is rectified and stored in the high-pressure water tank 300, and is discharged to the heat exchanger 400 through a water cooling pipeline; the heat exchanger 400 is in a normal pressure state, a part of high-temperature high-pressure liquid water in the heat exchanger 400 is rapidly vaporized and absorbs a large amount of heat, and is fully mixed with the rest of liquid water, and the state of the water in the heat exchanger 400 is as follows: the temperature is near the boiling point and the pressure is near the normal pressure; the heat exchanger 400 is provided with a safety valve 401 to ensure that the heat exchanger 400 is always at a proper pressure, and the safety valve 401 is designed to have a pressure between 1atm and 3 atm; meanwhile, the heat exchanger 400 is provided with a single-phase valve and a flowmeter, the single-phase valve is used for discharging generated water vapor and intercepting liquid water in the water vapor mixture for continuous recycling; the flowmeter monitors the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time, calculates the loss of the cooling water, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein: In order to obtain the water consumption percentage, To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the system via the flow meter,For the run-time of the system,For filling the total mass of cooling water as in the system; when (when)When the set value is reached, the cooling system should stop running,The set value is 70% -80%.
In practice, a limited water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment is provided, comprising: the water tank 300, the heat exchanger 400, the booster pump (high-pressure pump 500), the cooling structure 200, the connection pipe, and the like together constitute the circulation pipe 100. The functional schematic diagram of each module of the circulation cooling system is shown in fig. 2. In the initial state of the circulation cooling system, normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water is packaged in the heat exchanger 400 and is connected with the outside atmosphere through the safety valve 401, and the whole cooling system is prefilled with the normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water. After the cooling structure 200 receives an external extreme heat load, the booster pump (high-pressure pump 500) is started, and water in the cooling flow passage is caused to flow at a high speed, so that efficient heat exchange is performed. The booster pump (high-pressure pump 500) has a gas-liquid separation function. Alternatively, the booster pump (high pressure pump 500) employs a gas-liquid booster pump that controls the flow direction of the fluid through a check valve, thereby reducing the mixing of the gas and the liquid to some extent. Optionally, in the working principle of the gas-liquid booster pump, when the driving piston moves upwards, the inlet check valve is opened to allow liquid to enter, and the outlet check valve is closed to prevent gas from escaping; when the piston moves downwards, the outlet check valve opens to allow the pressurized liquid to flow out, and the inlet check valve closes to prevent the gas from entering. Optionally, a gas-liquid separator is installed downstream of the booster pump (high-pressure pump 500), and separates gas and liquid by a physical method such as centrifugation, gravity settling, or filtration, so that the gas is separated from the liquid. The pressure in the pressurized cooling flow passage and the water tank 300 is set to be between 1MPa and 10MPa, and the specific value can be determined according to the thermal environment in which the cooling structure 200 is located. After absorbing a large amount of heat from the cooling structure 200, the cooling water increases in temperature, but remains in a liquid state under high pressure. After passing through the cooling structure 200, the high-pressure liquid cooling water is rectified and stored in the high-pressure ground water tank 300, and is discharged to the heat exchanger 400 through a water cooling pipeline. The heat exchanger 400 is in a normal pressure state, a part of high-temperature high-pressure liquid water in the heat exchanger 400 is rapidly vaporized and absorbs a large amount of heat, and is fully mixed with the rest of liquid water, and the state of the water in the heat exchanger 400 is as follows: the temperature is near the boiling point and the pressure is near the normal pressure. The heat exchanger 400 is provided with a safety valve 401 to ensure that the heat exchanger 400 is always at a proper pressure, and the safety valve 401 is designed to have a pressure between 1atm and 3 atm; meanwhile, the heat exchanger 400 is provided with a single-phase valve and a flowmeter, the single-phase valve is used for discharging generated water vapor, and liquid water in the water vapor mixture is trapped for continuous recycling. The function of a single-phase valve (also known as a one-way valve or check valve) is to allow fluid flow in one direction while preventing it from flowing in the reverse direction. The principle of operation of a one-way valve is relatively simple and it generally comprises a flap or similar mechanism that opens or closes in response to a pressure differential across the fluid. When fluid flows in one direction, the valve clack opens, allowing the fluid to pass through; and when the fluid tries to flow back, the flap closes, preventing the flow of fluid. Optionally, a steam trap (also known as a steam trap or condensate trap) is used to separate steam from liquid water, thereby removing the generated steam and trapping the liquid water in the steam mixture for continued recycling. Alternatively, the trap is designed with a mechanism to identify steam and liquid water, typically operating based on temperature or pressure changes. When the steam passes through, the drain valve is kept in an open state, and the steam is allowed to flow; and when liquid water passes through, the steam trap closes the steam channel and opens the channel to the drainage system due to the large difference in temperature and pressure with respect to the steam, thereby discharging the liquid water and preventing the loss of steam. alternatively, the single-phase valve may be replaced with a one-way dry filter; a one-way filter drier is a filter that can be aerated only in one direction and is commonly used in systems where drainage of moisture is required. The principle of operation of a one-way filter drier is to draw air from the system, filter it off moisture and impurities, and then re-inject clean air into the system.
Embodiment one:
The cooling effect is analyzed by taking a water circulation cooling process of a certain structural member in an extremely hot environment as an example. The cooling piece is a circular tube with the surface area of 1m 2, the diameter of 100mm, the thickness of 2mm and the length of 318.4mm, the material is stainless steel, and the heat flow density born by the surface of the circular tube is The radiation coefficient of the outer surface of the circular tube is 0.7, the bearable highest temperature of the circular tube structure is 773K, and the flow of cooling water is setFor a conventional water-cooled structure, there are:
；
wherein:
: the heated surface area of the round tube is ；
: Pluronic constant of；
: Emissivity is 0.7;
: the temperature of the outer surface of the circular tube;
: specific heat capacity of liquid water of ；
: The temperature to which the water rises after absorbing heat, here assumed to be 370K;
: the initial temperature of water is 300K;
from this calculation The mass flow of cooling water required for cooling to 773K is as follows:。
for a water circulation cooling system with a flow limit, the water circulation cooling system comprises:
；
wherein:
: the boiling point temperature of water, here assumed to be atmospheric boiling point 373K;
Q: the latent heat of vaporization of water, here assumed to be atmospheric pressure, i.e. valued 。
From this calculation, a calculation is made forWhen the water is cooled to 773K, the mass flow of cooling water required by the water circulation cooling system with limited flow is as follows: about 11.5% of the conventional cooling mode.
Assuming a cooling time of 100s, the water required by the conventional water cooling method is。
For a water circulation cooling system, the total heat absorption of the cooling water is as follows:
；
the required cooling water amount is:
；
Assuming an upper limit of water vapor loss of 70%, the total water required for the water circulation cooling system is:
；
16.3% of the water required for the conventional cooling mode.
Therefore, the adoption of the water circulation cooling system with the flow limiting function can greatly reduce the cooling water quantity and improve the stability of the cooling system.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of the application should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A limited water circulation cooling system under extremely hot environment is characterized in that when an aircraft flies in the atmosphere at high speed, friction with air generates a large amount of heat, and air in front of the aircraft is compressed violently to cause the temperature of the air to rise sharply to form an environment,
The cooling device comprises a circulating pipeline (100), a cooling structure (200), a water tank (300), a heat exchanger (400) and a high-pressure pump (500), wherein the cooling structure (200), the water tank (300), the heat exchanger (400) and the high-pressure pump (500) are sequentially arranged on the circulating pipeline (100);
A cooling structure (200) for being arranged in a very hot environment to bear external very hot loads and cool the target; a water tank (300) for providing a high temperature and high pressure environment and rectifying and storing;
The heat exchanger (400) is used for providing an atmospheric environment, realizing blending heat exchange between high-temperature high-pressure water and atmospheric water, and simultaneously carrying out gas-liquid separation; the heat exchanger (400) is provided with a safety valve (401), and the design pressure of the safety valve (401) is 1atm to 3atm;
A high-pressure pump (500) for further effecting gas-liquid separation and pressurizing the normal-pressure water and delivering it to the cooling structure (200);
The cooling medium in the cooling system adopts a preset amount of water;
in an active cooling area formed by the combination of the high-pressure pump (500), the cooling structure (200) and the water tank (300), the water in the cooling structure (200) is ensured to be liquid water through the cooperative cooperation of the high-pressure pump (500) and the water tank (300) and flows at a directional, preset high pressure and preset high speed;
in a heat exchange area formed by combining the water tank (300) and the heat exchanger (400), the heat exchanger (400) is used for carrying out mixing heat exchange and cooling on high-temperature high-pressure high-speed liquid water output by the water tank (300), and the generated water vapor is separated from the liquid water and then discharged, so that the water output from the heat exchanger (400) to the high-pressure pump (500) is ensured to be in a liquid state, a normal temperature state and a normal pressure state.
2. The extremely hot ambient limited water circulation cooling system of claim 1, wherein,
The cooling structure (200) is a structural member which is heated severely, and the heat flux density of a heating surface is more than 5 MW/square meter.
3. The extremely hot ambient limited water circulation cooling system of claim 1, wherein,
The water tank (300) is made of pressure-resistant materials;
the pressure in the pipe section from the high-pressure pump (500) of the circulating pipeline (100) to the water tank (300) is 1 MPa-10 MPa,
The pressure in the water tank (300) is 1MPa to 10MPa.
4. A limited flow water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment as claimed in claim 3,
At least one of a baffle, a grid or a porous plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the water tank (300) to realize rectification.
5. The extremely hot ambient limited water circulation cooling system of claim 1, wherein,
A single-phase valve and a flowmeter are arranged on the heat exchanger (400);
A single-phase valve for removing water vapor and intercepting liquid water;
The flowmeter is used for monitoring the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time, transmitting the monitored data to the controller, and calculating the cooling water loss through the controller.
6. The extremely hot ambient limited water circulation cooling system of claim 5, wherein,
The flowmeter is used for calculating the cooling water loss, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
Wherein, In order to obtain the water consumption percentage,To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the cooling system via the flow meter,In order to cool down the system run-time,Is the total mass of cooling water filled into the cooling system.
7. The limited water circulation cooling system in a very hot environment according to claim 6, wherein,
When eta reaches the set value the cooling system stops operating,The set value is 70% -80%.
8. A limited flow water recirculation cooling system in an extreme heat environment according to any of claims 5-7,
The gas exhaust end of the safety valve (401) is connected with a condensing device, and the output end of the condensing device is connected to the heat exchanger (400) and is used for condensing the water vapor discharged by the safety valve (401) into water and refluxing the water vapor into the heat exchanger (400).
9. A limited water circulation cooling method under a very hot environment is characterized in that the limited water circulation cooling system under the very hot environment is adopted by the method of any one of the claims 1 to 8,
S100, installing a cooling system, connecting pipelines of all parts to form a circulating pipeline (100), and installing a safety valve (401) and a single-phase valve;
S200, filling normal-temperature normal-pressure liquid cooling water in a cooling system flow channel;
s300, switching on a power supply of the high-pressure pump (500), starting the high-pressure pump (500), and running a cooling system in a cold state;
s400, bearing an extremely hot load by the cooling structure (200);
S500, starting to operate the water tank (300) and the heat exchanger (400);
s600, a safety valve (401), a single-phase valve and a flowmeter are operated, and a small amount of high-temperature steam is discharged out of the cooling system;
and S700, stopping the cooling system after the cooling water consumption reaches the set value.
10. The method for circulating cooling water under extremely hot conditions according to claim 9, wherein,
In the initial state, packaging normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water into a heat exchanger (400), connecting with the outside atmosphere through a safety valve (401), and prefilling the normal-temperature and normal-pressure liquid water in the whole cooling system;
After the cooling structure (200) bears external extreme heat load, the high-pressure pump (500) is started, so that water in the circulating pipeline (100) is caused to flow at a high speed, and efficient heat exchange is performed;
After absorbing a large amount of heat from the cooling structure (200), the cooling water increases in temperature, but remains in liquid state under high pressure;
After passing through the cooling structure (200), the high-pressure liquid cooling water is rectified and stored in the high-pressure water tank (300) and is discharged to the heat exchanger (400) through a water cooling pipeline;
the heat exchanger (400) is in a normal pressure state, a part of high-temperature high-pressure liquid water in the heat exchanger (400) is rapidly vaporized and absorbs a large amount of heat, and is fully mixed with the rest of liquid water, and finally the state of the water in the heat exchanger (400) is as follows: the temperature is near the boiling point and the pressure is near the normal pressure;
The heat exchanger (400) is provided with a safety valve (401) to ensure that the heat exchanger (400) is always at a proper pressure, and the design pressure of the safety valve (401) is between 1atm and 3 atm;
Meanwhile, the heat exchanger (400) is provided with a single-phase valve and a flowmeter, the single-phase valve is used for discharging generated water vapor and intercepting liquid water in the water vapor mixture for continuous recycling;
The flowmeter monitors the mass flow of the water vapor discharged out of the system through the flowmeter in real time and calculates the loss of cooling water, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein: In order to obtain the water consumption percentage, To vent the mass flow of water vapor out of the system via the flow meter,For the run-time of the system,For filling the total mass of cooling water as in the system;
The cooling system should be stopped when eta reaches a set value, The set value is 70% -80%.
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