CN118338914A - 包含氨基脂质化合物的组合物以及制备和使用其的方法 - Google Patents
包含氨基脂质化合物的组合物以及制备和使用其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118338914A CN118338914A CN202280078209.2A CN202280078209A CN118338914A CN 118338914 A CN118338914 A CN 118338914A CN 202280078209 A CN202280078209 A CN 202280078209A CN 118338914 A CN118338914 A CN 118338914A
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- GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N triamcinolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@]([C@H](O)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005294 triamcinolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229930185603 trichostatin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960003962 trifluridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N trifluridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VSQQQLOSPVPRAZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001099 trimetrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NOYPYLRCIDNJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimetrexate Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(NCC=2C(=C3C(N)=NC(N)=NC3=CC=2)C)=C1 NOYPYLRCIDNJJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIOSVGAFMLLDU-UDIRGPGZSA-N triptofordin C 2 Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H]2[C@H](OC(=O)c3ccccc3)[C@H](OC(=O)c3ccccc3)[C@]3(C)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@@]13OC2(C)C FOIOSVGAFMLLDU-UDIRGPGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000832 tromantadine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- GSXRBRIWJGAPDU-BBVRJQLQSA-N tyrocidine A Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1)=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GSXRBRIWJGAPDU-BBVRJQLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本文公开了包含氨基脂质化合物的组合物以及制备和使用其的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年11月11日提交的美国临时申请号63/278,274的优先权权益,该申请特此以引用的方式整体并入本文。
背景技术
mRNA的有效递送是mRNA治疗剂应用的关键步骤和挑战。尽管来自正在进行的临床试验的数据很有希望,但mRNA的临床使用需要发现和开发更有效的递送系统。
本文论述的组合物和方法解决了这一需求和其它需求。
发明内容
根据如本文所实施和广泛描述的所公开装置和方法的目的,所公开的主题涉及包含氨基脂质化合物的组合物以及制备和使用其的方法。
例如,本文公开了包含由式I或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R10为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R11为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为并且
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为
在一些实例中,R11为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R11为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式I-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
在一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式I-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中n为1至5的整数。
本文还公开了包含由式I-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R10为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
本文还公开了包含由式I-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
n为1至4的整数;并且
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自相同。
本文还公开了包含由式I-C或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中n为1至4的整数。
本文还公开了包含由式II或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R15为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R16为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为并且
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为
在一些实例中,R16为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R16为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式II-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
在一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基
在一些实例中,该化合物由式II-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中m为1至5的整数。
本文还公开了包含由式II-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R15为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
本文还公开了包含由式II-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
m为1至4的整数;并且
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在一些实例中,R17、R18和R19相同。
本文还公开了包含由式III或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R20为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且
R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在一些实例中,R20为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R20为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在一些实例中,R20为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在一些实例中,R20为未经取代的C3烷基。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式III-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
在一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在一些实例中,R21和R22独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在一些实例中,R21和R22相同。
本文还公开了包含选自由以下组成的组的化合物的组合物:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
本文还公开了制备本文公开的化合物或组合物中的任何化合物或组合物的方法。
本文还公开了包含本文公开的化合物或组合物中的任何化合物或组合物的脂质颗粒。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒的形状基本上为球形的。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒具有30纳米(nm)至800nm的平均颗粒尺寸。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒具有0.5或更小的多分散性指数。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒进一步包含额外的组分,如额外的脂质。
本文还公开了包含包封在本文公开的脂质颗粒中的任何脂质颗粒内的治疗剂的药物组合物。在一些实例中,该治疗剂以30%或更高的包封效率包封在脂质颗粒内。在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括抗癌剂、抗炎剂、抗微生物剂或它们的组合。在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括病毒抗原、肿瘤抗原、基因编辑组分、蛋白质替代组分、免疫调控剂或它们的组合。在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括化学治疗剂、免疫治疗剂或它们的组合。在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括核酸,如mRNA。
本文还公开了制备本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物的方法。
本文还公开了治疗有需要的受试者的疾病的方法,该方法包括向该受试者施用治疗有效量的本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物。
本文还公开了压制受试者中的肿瘤生长的方法,该方法包括使该肿瘤的至少一部分与治疗有效量的本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物接触。
所公开组合物的额外优点将部分地在下面的说明书中阐述,并且部分地将从说明书中显而易见。所公开的组合物和方法的优点将借助在所附权利要求书中特别指出的要素和组合来实现和达到。应当理解,前述一般性描述与以下详细描述两者均仅为示例性和说明性的,并且不限制所要求保护的所公开组合物和方法。
附图和下面的说明书中阐述了本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将是从说明书和附图以及从权利要求书中显而易见的。
附图说明
并入本专利说明书中并且构成本专利说明书的一部分的附图举例说明了本公开的若干方面,并且连同说明书一起用来解释本公开的原理。
图1.新材料在Hep3B细胞中的相对发光强度。数据通过lipofectamine 3000(Lipo3000)被归一化。
图2.新材料肌肉内注射后在体内的相对发光强度。数据通过ALC-0315被归一化。
具体实施方式
本文所述的组合物和方法可以通过参考以下对所公开主题的具体方面的详细描述以及其中包括的实施例而更容易地理解。
在公开和描述本发明的组合物和方法之前,应当理解,下面所述的方面不限于具体的合成方法或具体的试剂,因而,当然可以变化。还应理解,本文所用的术语仅出于描述特定方面的目的,并不意图具有限制性。
此外,贯穿本专利说明书提及了多种出版物。这些出版物的公开内容特此以引用的方式整体并入本申请以便更充分地描述所公开的主题涉及的领域的现状。所公开的参考文献中所含的在依赖该参考文献的句子中进行讨论的材料也单独并具体地通过引用并入本文中。
一般定义
在本专利说明书和跟随的权利要求书中,将提及多个术语,这些术语应被定义成具有以下的含义:
贯穿本专利说明书的说明书和权利要求书,词语“包括”和该词语的其它形式如“包含”和“含有”意指包括但不限于并且不意图排除例如其它添加剂、组分、整数或步骤。
除非上下文另外明确规定,否则如说明书和所附权利要求书中所用的单数形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”和“所述”包括复数个指示物。因此,例如,对“一种组合物”的提及包括两种或更多种此类组合物的混合物,对“一种剂”的提及包括两种或更多种此类剂的混合物,对“该组分”的提及包括两种或更多种此类组分的混合物等。
“任选的”或“任选地”意指随后描述的事件或情况会或不会发生,并且该描述包括所述事件或情况发生的情形和不发生的情形。
在本文中,范围可表达为从“约”一个具体值和/或至“约”另一个具体值。“约”意指在该值的5%内,例如该值的4%、3%、2%或1%内。当表示这样的范围时,另一方面包括从一个特定值和/或至另一特定值。类似地,当通过使用先行词“约”将值表示为近似值时,应理解,该特定值形成另一方面。应进一步理解,该范围中的每一个范围的端点相对于另一个端点以及独立于另一个端点都是有意义的。
“示例性”意指“……的实例”并且不旨在传达优选或理想实施方案的指示。“如”并非以限制性意义使用,而是出于说明性目的。
值在本文中可表示为“平均”值。“平均”一般指统计平均值。
“基本上”意指在5%以内,例如在4%、3%、2%或1%以内。
应理解,贯穿本专利说明书,使用标识符“第一”和“第二”仅仅是为了帮助区分公开的主题的各种组分和步骤。标识符“第一”和“第二”不希望暗含由这些术语修饰的组分或步骤的任何具体的顺序、量、优先性或重要性。
本专利说明书和结论性权利要求书中对组合物中特定要素或组分的重量份数的提及表示用重量份数表示的该要素或组分与组合物或物品中任何其它要素或组分之间的重量关系。因此,在含有2重量份的组分X和5重量份的组分Y的化合物中,X和Y以2:5的重量比存在,并且以这个比例存在而不管该化合物中是否包含额外的组分。
除非特别说明相反,否则组分的重量百分比(重量%)基于包含该组分的制剂或组合物的总重量。
如本文所用的术语“或它们的组合”是指该术语之前所列出的项目的所有排列和组合。例如,“A、B、C或它们的组合”旨在包括以下中的至少一者:A、B、C、AB、AC、BC或ABC,并且如果顺序在特定上下文中重要,则也包括BA、CA、CB、CBA、BCA、ACB、BAC或CAB。继续此实例,明确包括含有一个或多个项目或术语的重复的组合,诸如BB、AAA、AB、BBC、AAABCCCC、CBBAAA、CABABB等。本领域技术人员将理解,通常对任何组合中的项目或术语的数量没有限制,除非从上下文中明显看出。
如本文所用,“受试者”意指个体。因此,“受试者”可以包括驯化动物(例如,猫、狗等)、家畜(例如,牛、马、猪、绵羊、山羊等)、实验室动物(例如,小鼠、兔、大鼠、豚鼠等)和禽类。“受试者”还可以包括哺乳动物,如灵长类动物或人。因此,受试者可以是人类或兽医患者。术语“患者”是指在临床医生(例如,医师)治疗下的受试者。
术语“抑制”是指活动性(activity)、反应、疾患、疾病或其它生物学参数的降低。这可包括但不限于完全消除活动性、反应、疾患或疾病。这还可包括例如与天然或对照水平相比,活动性、反应、疾患或疾病的10%降低。因此,降低可以是与天然或对照水平相比10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%或其间的任何量的降低。
“降低”或该词的其它形式,例如“减少”或“减小”,意指降低事件或特性(例如,肿瘤生长)。应当理解,这通常与一些标准或预期值相关,换言之,其是相对的,但并不总是需要参考标准值或相对值。例如,“减少肿瘤生长”意指相对于标准或对照降低肿瘤的生长速率。
“预防(prevent)”或该词的其他形式,诸如“防止”意指使特定事件或特性停止,意指稳定或延迟特定事件或特性的发展或进展,或意指最小化特定事件或特性发生的机会。预防不需要与对照进行比较,因为它通常比例如减少更绝对。如本文所用,一些事可以减少但不能预防,而一些减少的事也可以预防。同样地,一些事可以预防但不能减少,而一些预防的事也可以减少。应理解,在使用减少或预防的情况下,除非另外特别地指出,否则也明确公开其它词语的使用。例如,术语“预防”或“压制”可以指阻止或减缓疾病或疾患的发作或减轻疾病或疾患的严重程度的治疗。因此,如果一种治疗可以治疗具有疾病症状的受试者的疾病,那么它也可以预防或压制尚未遭受一些或全部症状的受试者的疾病。
术语“治疗”是指对患者进行医学管理,意图是治愈、改善、稳定化或预防疾病、病理性疾患,或病症。此术语包括积极治疗,即专门针对改善疾病、病理性疾患或病症的治疗,并且还包括病因治疗,即针对去除相关疾病、病理性疾患或病症的病因的治疗。此外,此术语包括姑息治疗,即设计用于缓解症状而不是治愈疾病、病理性疾患或病症的治疗;预防性治疗,即旨在最小化或部分或完全抑制相关疾病、病理性疾患或病症的发展的治疗;和支持性治疗,即用来补充另一种旨在改善相关疾病、病理性疾患或病症的特定疗法的治疗。举例来说,在纤维化疾患的上下文中,如本文所用的“治疗(treating)”、“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指部分或完全抑制或减轻受试者所遭受的纤维化疾患。在一个实施方案中,此术语是指当患者遭受或被诊断患有纤维化疾患时发生的作用,其降低疾患的严重性,或者延缓或减慢疾患的进展。治疗不一定带来疾患的完全治愈;此术语涵盖纤维化疾患的部分抑制或减轻。
术语“治疗有效量”是指所用组合物的量是足以改善疾病或疾患的一种或多种起因或症状的量。此种改善只需要减少或改变,不一定要消除。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指在合理医学判断范围内,适用于与人和动物的组织接触而无过量毒性、刺激性、过敏反应或其它问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比相称的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
术语“抗癌”是指在任何浓度下治疗或控制细胞增殖和/或肿瘤生长的能力。
除非另有说明,否则如本文所用,“分子量”是指如通过1H NMR光谱测量的数均分子量。
如本文所用,术语“递送”涵盖局部递送和全身递送。例如,mRNA的递送涵盖其中将mRNA递送至靶组织并且所编码的蛋白质或肽在靶组织内表达并保留的情况(也称为“局部分布”或“局部递送”),以及其中mRNA被递送至靶组织并且所编码的蛋白质或肽被表达并分泌到患者的循环系统(例如血清)中且全身性地分布并被其它组织吸收的情况(也称为“全身分布”或“全身递送)。
如本文所用,术语“包封”或语法等同物是指将单个核酸分子限制在纳米颗粒内的过程。
如本文所用,mRNA的“表达”是指将mRNA翻译成肽(例如,抗原)、多肽或蛋白质(例如,酶),并且如上下文所示,还可包括肽、多肽或完全组装的蛋白质(例如酶)的翻译后修饰。在本申请中,术语“表达”和“产生”及语法等效物可互换地使用。
如本文所用,术语“信使RNA(mRNA)”是指编码至少一种肽、多肽或蛋白质的多核苷酸。如本文所用的mRNA涵盖经修饰的和未经修饰的RNA。mRNA可含有一个或多个编码区和非编码区。mRNA可从天然来源纯化、使用重组表达系统产生并且任选地被纯化、化学合成等。在适当的情况下,例如在化学合成分子的情况下,mRNA可包含核苷类似物,如具有化学修饰的碱基或糖、主链修饰等的类似物。除非另有说明,否则mRNA序列以5'至3'方向呈现。在一些实施方案中,mRNA是或包含天然核苷(例如,腺苷、鸟苷、胞苷、尿苷);核苷类似物(例如,2-氨基腺苷、2-硫胸苷、肌苷、吡咯并嘧啶、3-甲基腺苷、5-甲基胞苷、C-5丙炔基-胞苷、C-5丙炔基-尿苷、2-氨基腺苷、C5-溴尿苷、C5-氟尿苷、C5-碘尿苷、C5-丙炔基-尿苷、C5-丙炔基-胞苷、C5-甲基胞苷、2-氨基腺苷、7-脱氮腺苷、7-脱氮鸟苷、8-氧代腺苷、8-氧代鸟苷、O(6)-甲基鸟嘌呤、2-硫胞苷、假尿苷和5-甲基胞苷);经化学修饰的碱基;经生物修饰的碱基(例如,甲基化碱基);经插入的碱基;经修饰的糖(例如,2'-氟核糖、核糖、2'-脱氧核糖、阿拉伯糖和己糖);和/或经修饰的磷酸基团(例如,硫代磷酸酯和5'-N-亚磷酰胺键联)。
如本文所用,术语“核酸”在其最广泛的意义上是指被并入或可被并入到多核苷酸链中的任何化合物和/或物质。在一些实施方案中,核酸是经由磷酸二酯键联被并入或可经由磷酸二酯键联被并入到多核苷酸链中的化合物和/或物质。在一些实施方案中,“核酸”是指单独的核酸残基(例如核苷酸和/或核苷)。在一些实施方案中,“核酸”是指包含单独的核酸残基的多核苷酸链。在一些实施方案中,“核酸”涵盖RNA以及单链和/或双链DNA和/或cDNA。此外,术语“核酸”、“DNA”、“RNA”和/或类似术语包含核酸类似物,即,不具有磷酸二酯主链的类似物。
化学定义
除非另外定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语均具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。
当定义本文所述通式内的可变位置时提到的有机部分(例如,术语“卤素”)是有机部分所涵盖的各个取代基的统称。基团或部分之前的前缀Cn-Cm在每种情况下表示后面的基团或部分中的碳原子的可能数目。
如本文所用的术语“离子”是指含有电荷(正电荷,负电荷,或同时存在于一个分子、分子簇、分子复合物或部分(例如,两性离子)内的两者)或者可被制成含有电荷的任何分子、分子的部分、分子簇、分子复合物、部分或原子。用于在分子、分子的部分、分子簇、分子复合物、部分或原子中产生电荷的方法在本文被公开,并且可通过本领域已知的方法,例如质子化、去质子化、氧化、还原、烷基化、乙酰化、酯化、脱酯化、水解等完成。
术语“阴离子”是一种类型的离子并且包括在术语“离子”的含义内。“阴离子”是含有净负电荷或可被制成含有净负电荷的任何分子、分子的部分(例如,两性离子)、分子簇、分子复合物、部分或原子。术语“阴离子前体”在本文中用于具体指可通过化学反应(例如,去质子化)转化为阴离子的分子。
术语“阳离子”是一种类型的离子并且包括在术语“离子”的含义内。“阳离子”是含有净正电荷或可被制成含有净正电荷的任何分子、分子的部分(例如,两性离子)、分子簇、分子复合物、部分或原子。术语“阳离子前体”在本文中用于具体指可通过化学反应(例如,质子化或烷基化)转化为阳离子的分子。
如本文所用,术语“经取代的”预期包括有机化合物的所有可允许的取代基。在广义方面,可允许的取代基包括有机化合物的无环和环状的、经支化的和非经支化的的、碳环和杂环的、以及芳族和非芳族的取代基。说明性取代基包括例如下文所述的那些取代基。对于适当有机化合物,允许的取代基可为一个或多个且相同或不同。出于本公开的目的,杂原子(例如氮)可具有氢取代基和/或本文所述有机化合物的满足杂原子化合价的任何允许的取代基。本公开并不旨在以任何方式受限于有机化合物的允许的取代基。而且,术语“取代”或“被……取代”包括隐含条件,即这种取代符合被取代原子和取代基的容许化合价,并且取代产生稳定化合物,例如不会自发地如通过重排、环化、消除等进行转化的化合物。
“Z1”、“Z2”、“Z3”和“Z4”在本文中用作通用符号以表示各种具体的取代基。这些符号可以为任何取代基,但并不限于本文公开的那些,当在一种情况下将它们定义为某些取代基时,在另一种情况下,可以将它们定义为一些其它取代基。
如本文所用的术语“脂族”是指非芳族烃基,并且包括经支化的和非经支化的的烷基、烯基或炔基。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”是指饱和的直链或经支化的饱和烃部分。除非另有说明,否则意指C1-C24(例如,C1-C22、C1-C20、C1-C18、C1-C16、C1-C14、C1-C12、C1-C10、C1-C8、C1-C6或C1-C4)烷基。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基-乙基、丁基、1-甲基-丙基、2-甲基-丙基、1,1-二甲基-乙基、戊基、1-甲基-丁基、2-甲基-丁基、3-甲基-丁基、2,2-二甲基-丙基、1-乙基-丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基-丙基、1,2-二甲基-丙基、1-甲基-戊基、2-甲基-戊基、3-甲基-戊基、4-甲基-戊基、1,1-二甲基-丁基、1,2-二甲基-丁基、1,3-二甲基-丁基、2,2-二甲基-丁基、2,3-二甲基-丁基、3,3-二甲基-丁基、1-乙基-丁基、2-乙基-丁基、1,1,2-三甲基-丙基、1,2,2-三甲基-丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基-丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基-丙基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、二十烷基、二十四烷基等。烷基取代基可以是未经取代的或者是经一个或多个化学部分取代的。烷基可被一个或多个基团取代,该基团包括但不限于如下所述的羟基、卤素、缩醛、酰基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇,条件是取代基在空间上是相容的,并且满足化学键合和应变能的规则。
在整个专利说明书中,“烷基”通常用于指未经取代的烷基和经取代的烷基;然而,经取代的烷基在本文中还通过标识烷基上的一个或多个具体取代基而被具体提及。例如,术语“卤化烷基(halogenated alkyl)”或“卤代烷基(haloalkyl)”具体地指被一个或多个卤根(卤素;例如,氟、氯、溴或碘)取代的烷基。术语“烷氧基烷基”具体地指被一个或多个如下所述的烷氧基取代的烷基。术语“烷基氨基”具体是指被一个或多个如下所述的氨基等取代的烷基。当在一种情况下使用“烷基”而在另一种情况下使用诸如“烷基醇”的特定术语时,并不意味着暗示术语“烷基”也不指代诸如“烷基醇”等的特定术语。
此实践也用于本文所述的其它基团。即,尽管诸如“环烷基”的术语是指未经取代的和经取代的环烷基部分,但经取代的部分可另外在本文中被具体地标识;例如,特定的经取代的环烷基可称为例如“烷基环烷基”。类似地,经取代的烷氧基可以具体地称为例如“卤化烷氧基”,特定的经取代的烯基可以是例如“烯基醇”等。再次地,使用通用术语,诸如,“环烷基”和特定术语,诸如“烷基环烷基”的实践并不意在暗示通用术语也不包括特定术语。
如本文所用,术语“烯基”是指含有双键的不饱和直链或经支化的烃部分。除非另有说明,否则意指C2-C24(例如,C2-C22、C2-C20、C2-C18、C2-C16、C2-C14、C2-C12、C2-C10、C2-C8、C2-C6或C2-C4)烯基。烯基可含有多于一个不饱和键。实例包括乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-丙烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-戊烯基、4-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-戊烯基、4-甲基-2-戊烯基、1-甲基-3-戊烯基、2-甲基-3-戊烯基、3-甲基-3-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-甲基-4-戊烯基、2-甲基-4-戊烯基、3-甲基-4-戊烯基、4-甲基-4-戊烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-1-丁烯基、1-乙基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-3-丁烯基、2-乙基-1-丁烯基、2-乙基-2-丁烯基、2-乙基-3-丁烯基、1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-甲基-1-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基。术语“乙烯基”是指具有结构-CH=CH2的基团;1-丙烯基是指具有结构-CH=CH-CH3的基团;并且2-丙烯基是指具有结构-CH2-CH=CH2的基团。不对称结构如(Z1Z2)C=C(Z3Z4)旨在包括E和Z异构体。这可在其中存在不对称烯烃的本文结构式中推定,或者它可由键符号C=C明确指示。烯基取代基可以是未经取代的或者是经一个或多个化学部分取代的。合适的取代基的实例包括例如如下所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、缩醛、酰基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、卤根、羟基、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇,条件是取代基在空间上是相容的,并且满足化学键合和应变能的规则。
如本文所用,术语“炔基”表示含有三键的直链或经支化的烃部分。除非另有说明,否则意指C2-C24(例如,C2-C24、C2-C20、C2-C18、C2-C16、C2-C14、C2-C12、C2-C10、C2-C8、C2-C6或C2-C4)炔基。炔基可含有多于一个不饱和键。实例包括C2-C6-炔基,如乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基(或炔丙基)、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、3-甲基-1-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丁炔基、1-甲基-3-丁炔基、2-甲基-3-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙炔基、1-乙基-2-丙炔基、1-己炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基、5-己炔基、3-甲基-1-戊炔基、4-甲基-1-戊炔基、1-甲基-2-戊炔基、4-甲基-2-戊炔基、1-甲基-3-戊炔基、2-甲基-3-戊炔基、1-甲基-4-戊炔基、2-甲基-4-戊炔基、3-甲基-4-戊炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁炔基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁炔基、1-乙基-2-丁炔基、1-乙基-3-丁炔基、2-乙基-3-丁炔基和1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙炔基。炔基取代基可以是未经取代的或者是经一个或多个化学部分取代的。合适的取代基的实例包括例如如下所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、缩醛、酰基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、卤根、羟基、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”以及衍生术语如芳氧基是指包括具有3至50个碳原子的单价芳族碳环基团的基团。芳基可包括单环或多个稠合环。在一些实施方案中,芳基包括C6-C10芳基。芳基的实例包括但不限于苯、苯基、联苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、苯基环丙基、苯氧基苯和茚满基。术语“芳基”也包括“杂芳基”,杂芳基被定义为含有具有并入在芳族基团的环内的至少一个杂原子的芳族基团的基团。杂原子的实例包括但不限于氮、氧、硫和磷。术语“非杂芳基”也包括在术语“芳基”中,定义含有不含杂原子的芳族基团的基团。芳基取代基可以是未经取代的或者是经一个或多个化学部分取代的。合适的取代基的实例包括例如如本文所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、缩醛、酰基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、卤根、羟基、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇。术语“联芳基”是特定类型的芳基并且包括在芳基的定义中。联芳基是指经由稠环结构结合在一起(如在萘中)或经由一个或多个碳-碳键附接(如在联苯基中)的两个芳基。
本文所用的术语“环烷基”是由至少三个碳原子组成的非芳族碳基环。环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。术语“杂环烷基”是如上定义的环烷基,其中环的至少一个碳原子被杂原子取代,该杂原子诸如但不限于氮、氧、硫或磷。环烷基和杂环烷基可以是经取代的或未经取代的。环烷基和杂环烷基可被一个或多个基团取代,该基团包括但不限于如本文所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、缩醛、酰基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、卤根、羟基、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇。
如本文所用的术语“环烯基”是由至少三个碳原子组成且含有至少一个双键(即C=C)的非芳族碳基环。环烯基的实例包括但不限于环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环戊二烯基、环己烯基、环己二烯基等。术语“杂环烯基”是一种类型的如上定义的环烯基,并且包括在术语“环烯基”的含义内,其中环的碳原子中的至少一个碳原子被杂原子(如但不限于氮、氧、硫或磷)取代。环烯基和杂环烯基可以是经取代的或未经取代的。环烯基和杂环烯基可被一个或多个基团取代,该基团包括但不限于如本文所述的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、缩醛、酰基、醛、氨基、氰基、羧酸、酯、醚、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、卤根、羟基、酮、硝基、膦酰基、甲硅烷基、磺基-氧代、磺酰基、砜、亚砜或硫醇。
术语“环状基团”在本文中用于指芳基、非芳基(即,环烷基、杂环烷基、环烯基和杂环烯基)或两者。环状基团具有一个或多个可被取代或未被取代的环体系(例如,单环、双环、三环、多环等)。环状基团可含有一个或多个芳基、一个或多个非芳基、或一个或多个芳基和一个或多个非芳基。
如本文所用的术语“酰基”由式-C(O)Z1表示,其中Z1可以是上述的氢、羟基、烷氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基,或杂环烯基。如本文所用,术语“酰基”可与“羰基”互换使用。贯穿本专利说明书,“C(O)”或“CO”是C=O的速记符号。
如本文所用的术语“缩醛”由式(Z1Z2)C(=OZ3)(=OZ4)表示,其中Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4可独立地为上述氢、卤素、羟基、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“烷醇”由式Z1OH表示,其中Z1可以是上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用,如本文所用的术语“烷氧基”是通过单个末端醚键联结合的烷基;即,“烷氧基”可被定义为式Z1-O-的基团,其中Z1是如上定义的未经取代的或经取代的烷基。除非另有说明,否则意指其中Z1为C1-C24(例如,C1-C22、C1-C20、C1-C18、C1-C16、C1-C14、C1-C12、C1-C10、C1-C8、C1-C6或C1-C4)烷基的烷氧基。实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、1-甲基-乙氧基、丁氧基、1-甲基-丙氧基、2-甲基-丙氧基、1,1-二甲基-乙氧基、戊氧基、1-甲基-丁氧基、2-甲基-丁氧基、3-甲基-丁氧基、2,2-二甲基-丙氧基、1-乙基-丙氧基、己氧基、1,1-二甲基-丙氧基、1,2-二甲基-丙氧基、1-甲基-戊氧基、2-甲基-戊氧基、3-甲基-戊氧基、4-甲基-戊氧基、1,1-二甲基-丁氧基、1,2-二甲基-丁氧基、1,3-二甲基-丁氧基、2,2-二甲基-丁氧基、2,3-二甲基-丁氧基、3,3-二甲基-丁氧基、1-乙基-丁氧基、2-乙基丁氧基、1,1,2-三甲基-丙氧基、1,2,2-三甲基-丙氧基、1-乙基-1-甲基-丙氧基和1-乙基-2-甲基-丙氧基。
如本文所用的术语“醛”由式—C(O)H表示。在整个专利说明书中,“C(O)”是C=O的简写符号。
如本文所用的术语“胺”或“氨基”由式—NZ1Z2Z3表示,其中Z1、Z2和Z3可各自为如本文所述的取代基团,如上述的氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“酰胺”或“酰胺基”由式—C(O)NZ1Z2表示,其中Z1和Z2可各自为如本文所述的取代基团,如上述的氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“醛”由式Z1C(O)OC(O)Z2表示,其中Z1和Z2可独立地为上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“环状酸酐”由下式表示:
其中Z1可为上述的烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“叠氮根(azide)”由式-N=N=N表示。
如本文所用的术语“羧酸”由式—C(O)OH表示。
如本文所用的“羧酸根基”或“羧基”由式—C(O)O-表示。
如本文所用的“碳酸酯”基团由式Z1OC(O)OZ2表示。
如本文所用的术语“氰基”由式—CN表示。
如本文所用的术语“酯”由式—OC(O)Z1或—C(O)OZ1表示,其中Z1可为上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“醚”由式Z1OZ2表示,其中Z1和Z2可独立地为上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“环氧基”或“环氧化物”是指具有三原子环的环状醚并且可由下式表示:
其中Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4可独立地为上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“酮”由式Z1C(O)Z2表示,其中Z1和Z2可独立地为上述烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“卤根”或“卤素”或“卤基”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
如本文所用的术语“羟基”由式—OH表示。
如本文所用的术语“硝基”由式—NO2表示。
术语“膦酰基”在本文中用于指由式—P(O)(OZ1)2表示的磷氧基,其中Z1可为上述氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“甲硅烷基”由式—SiZ1Z2Z3表示,其中Z1、Z2和Z3可独立地为上述氢、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“磺酰基”或“砜”是指由式—S(O)2Z1表示的硫氧基,其中Z1可为上述氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基或杂环烯基。
如本文所用的术语“硫化物”包括式—S—。
如本文所用的术语“硫醇”由式—SH表示。
如本文所用的“R1”、“R2”、“R3”、“Rn”等(其中n是某一整数)可独立地具有一个或多个上文所列的基团。例如,如果R1是直链烷基,则烷基的一个氢原子可任选地被羟基、烷氧基、胺基团、烷基、卤化物等取代。根据所选择的基团,第一基团可被并入在第二基团内,可替代地,第一基团可被悬垂(即,附接)至第二基团。例如,对于短语“包含氨基的烷基”,氨基可被并入在烷基的主链内。可替代地,氨基可附接至烷基的主链。所选择的一个或多个基团的性质将决定第一基团是嵌入还是附接至第二基团。
除非有相反的说明,否则化学键仅以实线而非楔形或虚线显示的式涵盖每种可能的立体异构体或立体异构体的混合物(例如,每种对映异构体、每种非对映异构体、每种内消旋化合物、外消旋混合物或定比混合物(scalemic mixture))。
化合物
本文公开了化合物以及制备和使用其的方法。例如,本文公开了包含由式I或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R10为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R11为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为并且
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为
在式I的一些实例中,R11为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R11为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基。
在式I的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R10为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基,并且R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基,并且R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式I的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自相同。
在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基;R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且R12、R13和R14独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式I的一些实例中,R11为未经取代的C3烷基;R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且R12、R13和R14独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式I-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中
R10为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为并且
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为
在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C2烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C3烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C4烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C5烷基。
在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式I-A的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自相同。
在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且R12、R13和R14独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式I-A的一些实例中,R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且R12、R13和R14独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式I-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中
n为1至5的整数;并且
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当n为5时,则R12、R13和R14不都为并且
条件是,当n为5时,则R12、R13和R14不都为
在式I-B的一些实例中,n为1至4的整数。
在式I-B的一些实例中,n为1。在式I-B的一些实例中,n为2。在式I-B的一些实例中,n为3。在式I-B的一些实例中,n为4。在式I-B的一些实例中,n为5。
在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式I-B的一些实例中,R12、R13和R14各自相同。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式I-C或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中n为1至4的整数。
在式I-C的一些实例中,n为1。在式I-C的一些实例中,n为2。在式I-C的一些实例中,n为3。在式I-C的一些实例中,n为4。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
本文还公开了包含由式II或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R15为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R16为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为并且
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为
在式II的一些实例中,R16为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R16为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基。
在式II的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R15为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基,并且R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基,并且R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式II的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19相同。
在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基;R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式II的一些实例中,R16为未经取代的C3烷基;R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式II-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中
R15为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为并且
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为
在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C2烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C3烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C4烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C5烷基。
在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式II-A的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19相同。
在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式II-A的一些实例中,R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式II-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中
m为1至5的整数;
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当m为5时,则R17、R18和R19不都为并且
条件是,当m为5时,则R17、R18和R19不都为
在式II-B的一些实例中,m为1至4的整数。
在式II-B的一些实施方案中,m为1。在式II-B的一些实施方案中,m为2。在式II-B的一些实施方案中,m为3。在式II-B的一些实施方案中,m为4。在式II-B的一些实施方案中,m为5。
在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式II-B的一些实例中,R17、R18和R19相同。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
本文还公开了包含由式III或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R20为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且
R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在式III的一些实例中,R20为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R20为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R20为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R20为未经取代的C3烷基。
在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式III的一些实例中,R21和R22相同。
在式III的一些实例中,R20为未经取代的C3烷基,并且R21和R22各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
在一些实例中,该化合物由式III-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。在式III-A的一些实例中,R21和R22相同。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
本文还公开了包含选自由以下组成的组的化合物的组合物:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
脂质颗粒
本文还公开了包含本文公开的组合物中的任何组合物的脂质颗粒(例如,一个或多个脂质颗粒)。
脂质颗粒可以具有任意形状(例如球形、棒形、四边形、椭圆形、三角形、多边形等)。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒可以具有规则形状、不规则形状、各向同性形状、各向异性形状或它们的组合。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒的形状基本上为球形的。
脂质颗粒可以具有平均颗粒尺寸。“平均颗粒尺寸(average particle size)”和“均值颗粒尺寸(mean particle size)”在本文中可互换使用,并且通常指颗粒群中颗粒的统计均值颗粒尺寸。例如,具有基本球形形状的多个颗粒的平均颗粒尺寸可以包括多个颗粒的平均直径。对于具有基本球形形状的颗粒,颗粒的直径可以指例如流体动力学直径。如本文所用,颗粒的流体动力学直径可以指颗粒表面上两点之间的最大直线距离。均值颗粒尺寸可使用本领域已知的方法(诸如通过扫描电子显微术、透射电子显微术和/或动态光散射评估)来测量。
脂质颗粒可以例如具有30纳米(nm)或更大(例如,40nm或更大、50nm或更大、60nm或更大、70nm或更大、80nm或更大、90nm或更大、100nm或更大、110nm或更大、120nm或更大、130nm或更大、140nm或更大、150nm或更大、160nm或更大、170nm或更大、180nm或更大、190nm或更大、200nm或更大、225nm或更大、250nm或更大、275nm或更大、300nm或更大、325nm或更大、350nm或更大、375nm或更大、400nm或更大、425nm或更大、450nm或更大、475nm或更大、500nm或更大、550nm或更大、600nm或更大、650nm或更大、700nm或更大或750nm或更大)的平均颗粒尺寸。在一些实例中,脂质颗粒可以例如具有800纳米(nm)或更小(例如,750nm或更小、700nm或更小、650nm或更小、600nm或更小、550nm或更小、500nm或更小、475nm或更小、450nm或更小、425nm或更小、400nm或更小、375nm或更小、350nm或更小、325nm或更小、300nm或更小、275nm或更小、250nm或更小、225nm或更小、200nm或更小、190nm或更小、180nm或更小、170nm或更小、160nm或更小、150nm或更小、140nm或更小、130nm或更小、120nm或更小、110nm或更小、100nm或更小、90nm或更小、80nm或更小、70nm或更小、60nm或更小、50nm或更小或40nm或更小)的平均颗粒尺寸。脂质颗粒的平均颗粒尺寸可以在上述任何最小值至上述任何最大值的范围内。例如,脂质颗粒可以具有30nm至800nm(例如,30nm至425nm、425nm至800nm、30nm至200nm、200nm至400nm、400nm至600nm、600nm至800nm、50nm至800nm、30nm至750nm或50nm至750nm)的平均颗粒尺寸。
关于颗粒尺寸分布表征,用于定义脂质颗粒的尺寸范围的参数称为“多分散性指数”(PDI)。术语“多分散性”(或如由IUPAC推荐的“分散性”)用于描述颗粒尺寸分布的不均匀程度。PDI基本上表示给定样品内的尺寸群体分布。PDI的数值在0.0(对于就颗粒尺寸而言完全均匀的样品)至1.0(对于具有多个颗粒尺寸群的高度多分散样品)的范围内。
在一些实例中,脂质颗粒可以具有0.5或更小(例如,0.49或更小、0.48或更小、0.47或更小、0.46或更小、0.45或更小、0.44或更小、0.43或更小、0.42或更小、0.41或更小、0.40或更小、0.39或更小、0.38或更小、0.37或更小、0.36或更小、0.35或更小、0.34或更小、0.33或更小、0.32或更小、0.31或更小、0.30或更小、0.29或更小、0.28或更小、0.27或更小、0.26或更小、0.25或更小、0.24或更小、0.23或更小、0.22或更小、0.21或更小、0.20或更小、0.19或更小、0.18或更小、0.17或更小、0.16或更小、0.15或更小、0.14或更小、0.13或更小、0.12或更小、0.11或更小、0.10或更小、0.09或更小、0.08或更小、0.07或更小、0.06或更小、0.05或更小、0.04或更小、0.03或更小、0.02或更小或0.01或更小)的多分散性指数。
在一些实例中,脂质颗粒可以基本上为单分散的。“单分散”和“均匀尺寸分布”如本文所用,并且通常描述所有颗粒具有相同或几乎相同尺寸的颗粒群。如本文所用,单分散分布是指80%的分布(例如,85%的分布、90%的分布或95%的分布)位于中值颗粒尺寸的25%以内(例如,中值颗粒尺寸的20%以内、中值颗粒尺寸的15%以内、中值颗粒尺寸的10%以内或中值颗粒尺寸的5%以内)的颗粒分布。
在一些实例中,脂质颗粒可以进一步包含额外的组分,如额外的脂质。在一些实例中,该额外的脂质可以包括磷脂、固醇或它们的组合。
药物组合物
本文还公开了包含本文公开的化合物或脂质颗粒中的任何化合物或脂质颗粒的药物组合物。
例如,本文还公开了包含包封在本文公开的脂质颗粒中的任何脂质颗粒内的治疗剂的药物组合物。例如,治疗剂可以30%或更高(例如,35%或更高、40%或更高、45%或更高、50%或更高、55%或更高、60%或更高、65%或更高、70%或更高、75%或更高、80%或更高、85%或更高、90%或更高、95%或更高、、或99%或更高)的包封效率包封在脂质颗粒内。
治疗剂可以例如包括抗癌剂、抗炎剂、抗微生物剂或它们的组合。如本文所用,抗微生物剂包括例如抗细菌剂、抗真菌剂和抗病毒剂。
抗微生物剂的实例包括但不限于阿来西定(alexidine)、asphodelin A、裂盒蕈色素(atromentin)、auranthine、austrocortilutein、austrocortirubin、azerizin、chlorbisan、氯喔星(chloroxine)、戊二醛(cidex)、西诺沙星(cinoxacin)、羟基大黄素(citreorosein)、地衣酸铜(copper usnate)、cupiennin、弯孢霉菌素(curvularin)、DBNPA、脱氢弯孢霉菌素(dehydrocurvularin)、脱氧果糖-血清素(desoxyfructo-serotonin)、二氯异氰尿酸(dichloroisocyanuric acid)、油霉素(elaiomycin)、霍尔弗雷特氏溶液(holtfreter's solution)、malettinin、萘霉素(naphthomycin)、neutrolin、尼菲霉素(niphimycin)、头孢硝噻吩(nitrocefin)、噁二唑类(oxadiazole)、paenibacterin、proclin、利硫美坦(ritiometan)、利替培南(ritipenem)、硅酮季胺(silicone quaternaryamine)、stylisin、牛磺罗定(taurolidine)、提朗达霉素(tirandamycin)、三氯异氰尿酸(trichloroisocyanuric acid)、三氯卡班(triclocarban)以及它们的组合。
抗细菌剂的实例包括但不限于乙酸环已基酰亚胺(acetoxycycloheximide)、aciduliprofundum、阿克他宁(actaplanin)、放线紫红素(actinorhodin)、丙氨肽霉素(alazopeptin)、白霉素(albomycin)、大蒜素(allicin)、蒜制菌素(allistatin)、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、安巴腙(ambazone)、氨基香豆素(aminocoumarin)、氨基糖苷(aminoglycosides)、4-氨基水杨酸、氨苄西林(ampicillin)、安莎霉素(ansamycin)、氨茴霉素(anthramycin)、抗霉素A(antimycin A)、阿非迪霉素(aphidicolin)、除疟霉素(aplasmomycin)、古菌素(archaeocin)、arenicin、胂凡纳明(arsphenamine)、arylomycin A2、壳二孢呋喃酮(ascofuranone)、曲霉酸(aspergillic acid)、邻氨基苯甲酸酰胺(avenanthramide)、阿维巴坦(avibactam)、壬二酸(azelaic acid)、巴弗洛霉素(bafilomycin)、班贝霉素(bambermycin)、白僵菌素(beauvericin)、过氧化苯甲酰、杀稻瘟菌素S(blasticidin S)、波卓霉素(bottromycin)、布瑞拉菌素(brilacidin)、卡普拉霉素(caprazamycin)、碳霉素(carbomycin)、抗菌肽(cathelicidin)、头孢菌素(cephalosporins)、塞拉集宁(ceragenin)、教酒菌素(chartreusin)、色霉素A3(chromomycin A3)、柠檬霉素(citromycin)、克林霉素(clindamycin)、氯法齐明(clofazimine)、氯福克酚(clofoctol)、氯新生霉素(clorobiocin)、coprinol、库马霉素A1(coumermycin A1)、环状脂肽、放线菌酮(cycloheximide)、环丝氨酸(cycloserine)、达福普汀(dalfopristin)、氨苯砜(dapsone)、达托霉素(daptomycin)、debromomarinone、17-二甲氨基乙基氨基-17-去甲氧基格尔德霉素、棘霉素(echinomycin)、土楠酸C(endiandric acid C)、烯二炔(enediyne)、恩维霉素(enviomycin)、依雷环素(eravacycline)、红霉素(erythromycin)、埃斯佩拉霉素(esperamicin)、绿灰菌素(etamycin)、乙胺丁醇(ethambutol)、乙硫异烟胺(ethionamide)、(6S)-6-氟莽草酸、磷霉素(fosfomycin)、膦胺霉素(fosmidomycin)、弗留利霉素(friulimicin)、呋喃唑酮(furazolidone)、呋烟腙(furonazide)、夫西地酸(fusidic acid)、格尔德霉素(geldanamycin)、庆大霉素(gentamycin)、吉珀达星(gepotidacin)、glycyclclines、甘草茎醇(glycyrrhizol)、短杆菌肽S、guanacastepeneA、曲古霉素(hachimycin)、halocyamine、赫达霉素(hedamycin)、赫尔喹啉(helquinoline)、除莠霉素(herbimycin)、六亚甲基四胺(hexamethylenetetramine)、黑他七霉素(hitachimycin)、hydramacin-1、异烟肼(isoniazid)、卡那霉素(kanamycin)、katanosin、可达菌素(kedarcidin)、kendomycin、kettapeptin、贵田霉素(kidamycin)、lactivicin、lactocillin、兰多霉素(landomycin)、兰多霉素酮(landomycinone)、拉沙里菌素(lasalocid)、来那培南(lenapenem)、来普霉素(leptomycin)、林可酰胺类(lincosamides)、立诺普丁(linopristin)、闰年霉素(lipiarmycins)、macbecin、大环内酯类(macrolides)、大分子霉素B、马杜拉霉素(maduropeptin)、甘露肽霉素糖肽(mannopeptimycin glycopeptide)、marinone、甲氯环素(meclocycline)、melafix、次甲霉素A(methylenomycin A)、次甲霉素B、莫能菌素(monensin)、莫罗霉素(moromycin)、莫匹罗星(mupirocin)、枯草菌抗霉素(mycosubtilin)、多球壳菌素(myriocin)、myxopyronin、萘霉素A(naphthomycin A)、甲基盐霉素(narasin)、新制癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)、新多色霉素(neopluramycin)、新胂凡纳明(neosalvarsan)、新茴霉素(neothramycin)、纺锤菌素(netropsin)、硝呋齐特(nifuroxazide)、硝呋奎唑(nifurquinazol)、尼日利亚菌素(nigericin)、呋喃西林(nitrofural)、硝基呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)、诺卡硫星I(nocathiacin I)、新生霉素(novobiocin)、奥玛环素(omadacycline)、氧头孢烯(oxacephem)、噁唑烷酮(oxazolidinone)、青霉素、哌珀霉素(peptaibol)、植物抗毒素(phytoalexin)、植物唑菌素(plantazolicin)、平板霉素(platensimycin)、菌丝霉素(plectasin)、多色霉素A(pluramycin A)、多粘菌素(polymixin)、多氧菌素(polyoxin)、普那霉素(pristinamycin)、普那霉素IA(pristinamycin IA)、普罗明(promin)、丙硫异烟胺(prothionamide)、pulvinone、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、绿脓菌酶(pyocyanase)、绿脓菌素(pyocyanin)、pyrenocine、寻霉素A(questiomycin A)、喹诺酮类(quinolone)、奎奴普丁(quinupristin)、雷莫拉宁(ramoplanin)、萝卜子素(raphanin)、耐药基因组(resistome)、罗氏菌素(reuterin)、利福拉齐(rifalazil)、利福霉素(rifamycin)、瑞斯托菌素(ristocetin)、roseophilin、盐霉素(salinomycin)、盐孢菌酰胺A(salinosporamide A)、saptomycin、亚水棱霉素(saquayamycin)、seraticin、sideromycin、磺胺醋酰钠(sodiumsulfacetamide)、苯丙砜(solasulfone)、索利霉素(solithromycin)、重菇醇(sparassol)、壮观霉素(spectinomycin)、星状孢菌素(staurosporine)、streptazolin、链霉杀阳菌素(streptogramin)、链霉杀阳菌素B、链霉溶菌素(streptolydigin)、链黑菌素(streptonigrin)、styelin A、磺胺类药物、表面活性素、舒托霉素(surotomycin)、鲎素(tachyplesin)、taksta、坦螺旋霉素(tanespimycin)、泰拉万欣(telavancin)、四环素、氨硫脲(thioacetazone)、硫卡利特(thiocarlide)、硫藤黄菌素(thiolutin)、硫链丝菌素(thiostrepton)、妥布霉素(tobramycin)、曲古抑菌素A(trichostatin A)、三氯生(triclosan)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、衣霉素(tunicamycin)、短杆菌酪素(tyrocidine)、urauchimycin、井冈霉素(validamycin)、四环素类抗生素B(viridicatumtoxin B)、vulgamycin、黄链霉素A(xanthomycin A)、异冰片二甲酚(xibornol)、阿米卡星(amikacin)、阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、氨苄西林(ampicillin)、阿托伐醌(atovaquone)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin)、氨曲南(aztreonam)、杆菌肽(bacitracin)、羧苄青霉素(carbenicillin)、头孢羟氨苄(cefadroxil)、头孢唑林(cefazolin)、头孢地尼(cefdinir)、头孢托仑(cefditoren)、头孢吡肟(cefepime)、头孢罗考(cefiderocol)、头孢哌酮(cefoperazone)、头孢替坦(cefotetan)、头孢西丁(cefoxitin)、头孢噻肟(cefotaxime)、头孢泊肟(cefpodoxime)、头孢丙烯(cefprozil)、头孢洛林(ceftaroline)、头孢他啶(ceftazidime)、头孢布烯(ceftibuten)、头孢唑肟(ceftizoxime)、头孢曲松(ceftriaxone)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol)、多粘菌素E甲磺酸酯(colistimethate)、头孢呋辛(cefuroxime)、头孢氨苄(cephalexin)、头孢拉定(cephradine)、西司他丁(cilastatin)、西诺沙星(cinoxacin)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、克拉霉素(clarithromycin)、克林霉素(clindamycin)、达巴万星(dalbavancin)、达福普汀(dalfopristin)、达托霉素(daptomycin)、地美环素(demeclocycline)、双氯西林(dicloxacillin)、多利培南(doripenem)、强力霉素(doxycycline)、依雷环素(eravacycline)、厄他培南(ertapenem)、红霉素(erythromycin)、非达霉素(fidaxomicin)、磷霉素(fosfomycin)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、吉米沙星(gemifloxacin)、庆大霉素(gentamicin)、亚胺培南(imipenem)、来法莫林(lefamulin)、林可霉素(lincomycin)、利奈唑胺(linezolid)、洛美沙星(lomefloxacin)、氯碳头孢(loracarbef)、美罗培南(meropenem)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、米诺环素(minocycline)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、萘夫西林(nafcillin)、萘啶酮酸(nalidixic acid)、新霉素(neomycin)、诺氟沙星(norfloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、奥马环素(omadacycline)、奥利万星(oritavancin)、苯唑西林(oxacillin)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、巴龙霉素(paromomycin)、青霉素(penicillin)、喷他脒(pentamidine)、哌拉西林(piperacillin)、普拉米星(plazomicin)、奎奴普丁(quinupristin)、利福昔明(rifaximin)、沙瑞环素(sarecycline)、塞克硝唑(secnidazole)、司帕沙星(sparfloxacin)、壮观霉素(spectinomycin)、磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole)、磺胺异噁唑(sulfisoxazole)、泰地唑胺(tedizolid)、特拉万星(telavancin)、泰利霉素(telithromycin)、替卡西林(ticarcillin)、替加环素(tigecycline)、妥布霉素(tobramycin)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、曲伐沙星(trovafloxacin)、万古霉(vancomycin)素以及它们的组合。
抗真菌剂的实例包括但不限于阿巴芬净、噻二唑素(acibenzolar)、噻二唑素-S-甲基、吖啶琐辛、大蒜素、氨基康定(aminocandin)、阿莫罗芬、两性霉素B、阿尼芬净、嘧菌酯、芽孢菌霉素、短小芽孢杆菌、硼酸钡、苯菌灵、乐杀螨、硼酸、一氯化溴、溴柳氯苯胺bromochlorosalicylanilide、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、布替萘芬、杀念菌素、辛酸、敌菌丹、克菌丹、多菌灵、卡泊芬净、浅蓝菌素、氯醌、氯米达唑、chlorophetanol、百菌清chlorothalonil、氯二甲酚chloroxylenol、铬化砷酸铜chromated copper arsenate、环吡酮ciclopirox、西洛芬净cilofungin、肉桂醛cinnamaldehyde、氯碘羟喹clioquinol、氰化铜(I)、砷酸铜(II)、cruentaren、环己酰亚胺、davicil、脱氢乙酸、二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂、抑菌灵、地马唑、二苯胺、棘白菌素、棘白菌素B、氟环唑、依托南、法卡林二醇、镰叶芹醇、噁唑菌酮、咪唑菌酮、氯苯嘧啶醇、丁苯吗啉、三苯基乙酸锡、芬替克洛、非律平菌素、氟啶胺、氟吡菌胺、氟硅唑、氟唑菌酰胺、呋喃基苯并咪唑、灰黄霉素、halicylindramide、卤普罗近(haloprogin)、哈霉素(hamycin)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、六氯环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮、5-羟基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、异菌脲、石硫合剂、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、代森锰(maneb)、melafix、甲霜灵、威百亩钠、甲基异噻唑酮、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、米卡芬净、米替福新、甲基胂酸单钠盐、分枝杆菌素、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、纳他霉素(natamycin)、β-硝基苯乙烯、制霉菌素(nystatin)、多效唑、papulacandin B、蜈蚣苔素(parietin)、培西洛星(pecilocin)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、喷他脒(pentamidine)、五氯硝基苯、五氯苯酚、表霉素、2-苯基苯酚、多烯抗真菌剂、霜霉威(propamocarb)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、pterulone、ptilomycalin A、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、嘧霉胺(pyrimethanil)、吡咯尼群(pyrrolnitrin)、二硫化硒、重菇醇(sparassol)、嗜球果伞素(strobilurin)、舒苯汀(sulbentine)、他伐保洛(tavaborole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、theonellamide F、百里酚(thymol)、噻苯达唑(tiabendazole)、替克拉酮(ticlatone)、托西拉酯(tolciclate)、托萘酯(tolnaftate)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、威菌磷(triamiphos)、三溴间甲酚(tribromometacresol)、2,4,6-三溴苯酚、三丁基氧化锡、三氯卡班、三氯生、克啉菌(tridemorph)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate)、十一碳烯酸、井冈霉素(validamycin)、杀黑星菌素(venturicidin)、乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)、乙烯二噻烯(vinyldithiin)、vusion、氧杂蒽(xanthene)、硼酸锌、吡硫鎓锌(zinc pyrithione)、代森锌(zineb)、福美锌(ziram)、伏立康唑(voriconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、泊沙康唑(posaconazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、艾沙康唑(isavuconazonium)、咪康唑(miconazole)、卡泊芬净(caspofungin)、阿尼芬净(anidulafungin)、米卡芬净(micafungin)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、氟胞嘧啶(flucytosine)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、制霉菌素(nystatin)、两性霉素b以及它们的组合。
抗病毒剂的实例包括但不限于阿福韦生、阿拉泊韦、angustific acid、angustifodilactone、阿洛夫定(alovudine)、贝拉布韦(beclabuvir)、2,3-双(乙酰巯基甲基)喹喔啉、布西多福韦(brincidofovir)、达萨布韦(dasabuvir)、二十二烷醇(docosanol)、非阿尿苷(fialuridine)、伊巴他滨(ibacitabine)、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、肌苷、异丙肌苷(inosine pranobex)、干扰素、美替沙腙(metisazone)、米替福新(miltefosine)、新南五味子木脂宁(neokadsuranin)、新雷公藤福定(neotripterifordin)、奥比他韦(ombitasvir)、oragen、奥司他韦(oseltamivir)、聚乙二醇化干扰素、鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)、雷道布韦(radalbuvir)、塞马莫德(semapimod)、特考韦瑞(tecovirimat)、替比夫定(telbivudine)、茶黄素(theaflavin)、替洛隆(tilorone)、triptofordin C-2、variecolol、ZMapp、阿巴卡韦(abacavir)、阿昔洛韦(acyclovir)、阿德福韦(adefovir)、金刚烷胺(amantadine)、安普那韦(amprenavir)、阿扎那韦(atazanavir)、巴拉韦(balavir)、巴洛沙韦马尔博沙酯(baloxavir marboxil)、波塞普韦(boceprevir)、西多福韦(cidofovir)、考西司他(cobicistat)、达卡他韦(daclatasvir)、达芦那韦(darunavir)、地拉韦啶(delavirdine)、地达诺新(didanosine)、docasanol、度鲁特韦(dolutegravir)、多拉韦林(doravirine)、ecoliever、依度尿苷(edoxudine)、依法韦仑(efavirenz)、埃替拉韦(elvitegravir)、恩曲他滨(emtricitabine)、恩夫韦地(enfuvirtide)、恩替卡韦(entecavir)、依曲韦林(etravirine)、泛昔洛韦(famciclovir)、福米韦生(fomivirsen)、膦沙那韦(fosamprenavir)、膦甲酸(forscarnet)、fosnonet、泛昔洛韦(famciclovir)、法匹拉韦(favipravir)、福米韦生(fomivirsen)、foscavir、更昔洛韦(ganciclovir)、伊巴他滨(ibacitabine)、碘苷(idoxuridine)、茚地那韦(indinavir)、肌苷、异丙肌苷、I型干扰素、II型干扰素、III型干扰素、拉米夫定(lamivudine)、来特莫韦(letermovir)、来特莫韦(letermovir)、洛匹那韦(lopinavir)、洛韦胺(loviride)、马拉韦罗(maraviroc)、美替沙腙(methisazone)、吗啉胍(moroxydine)、奈非那韦(nelfinavir)、奈韦拉平(nevirapine)、硝唑尼特(nitazoxanide)、奥司他韦(oseltamivir)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、喷昔洛韦(penciclovir)、帕拉米韦(peramivir)、普拉康纳利(pleconaril)、鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)、pyramidine、雷特格韦(raltegravir)、瑞德西韦(remdesivir)、利巴韦林(ribavirin)、利匹韦林(rilpivirine)、金刚乙胺(rimantadine)、林他莫德(rintatolimod)、利托那韦(ritonavir)、沙奎那韦(saquinavir)、司美匹韦(simeprevir)、索非布韦(sofosbuvir)、司他夫定(stavudine)、tarabivirin、特拉匹韦(telaprevir)、替比夫定(telbivudine)、替诺福韦艾拉酚胺(tenofovir alafenamide)、替诺福韦二吡呋酯(tenofovir disoproxil)、替诺福韦(tenofovir)、替拉那韦(tipranavir)、曲氟尿苷(trifluridine)、三协唯(trizivir)、曲金刚胺(tromantadine)、乌芬诺韦(umifenovir)、伐昔洛韦(valaciclovir)、缬更昔洛韦(valganciclovir)、阿糖腺苷(vidarabine)、扎西他滨(zalcitabine)、扎那米韦(zanamivir)、齐多夫定(zidovudine)以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括病毒抗原、肿瘤抗原、基因编辑组分、蛋白质替代组分、免疫调控剂或它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括抗癌剂。在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括化学治疗剂、免疫治疗剂或它们的组合。
在一些实例中,该治疗剂可以包括化学治疗剂。化学疗法是用一种或多种细胞毒性抗肿瘤药物(例如,化学治疗剂)作为标准化方案的一部分治疗癌症。化学疗法可以为了治愈给予,或者它可以目的在于延长生命或减轻症状。在一些情况下,它可以与其它癌症治疗,诸如放射疗法、外科手术、热疗法或它们的组合结合使用。化学治疗剂的实例包括但不限于13-顺式-视黄酸、2-氨基-6-巯基嘌呤、2-CdA、2-氯脱氧腺苷、5-氟尿嘧啶、6-硫鸟嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、异维甲酸(Accutane)、放线菌素-D、阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶(Adrucil)、安归宁(Agrylin)、Ala-Cort、阿地白介素、阿仑单抗、阿利维甲酸、Alkaban-AQ、爱克兰(Alkeran)、全反式维甲酸、α干扰素、六甲蜜胺、氨甲蝶呤、氨磷汀、氨鲁米特、阿那格雷、尼鲁米特(Anandron)、阿那曲唑、阿糖胞嘧啶、阿拉内普(Aranesp)、阿可达(Aredia)、瑞宁得(Arimidex)、阿诺新(Aromasin)、三氧化二砷、天冬酰胺酶、ATRA、安维汀(Avastin)、BCG、BCNU、贝伐单抗、贝沙罗汀(Bexarotene)、比卡鲁胺(Bicalutamide)、BiCNU、Blenoxane、博来霉素、硼替佐米、白消安、白舒非、C225、亚叶酸钙、坎帕斯(Campath)、Camptosar、喜树碱-11、卡培他滨、Carac、卡铂、卡莫司汀、卡莫司汀晶片、康士德(Casodex)、CCNU、CDDP、CeeNU、司比定、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、嗜橙菌因子、克拉屈滨、可的松、Cosmegen、CPT-11、环磷酰胺、Cytadren、阿糖胞苷、阿糖胞苷脂质体、赛德萨(Cytosar)-U、癌得星(Cytoxan)、达卡巴嗪、更生霉素、阿法达贝泊汀、道诺霉素、柔红霉素、盐酸柔红霉素、柔红霉素脂质体、DaunoXome、Decadron、Delta-Cortef、Deltasone、地尼白介素-毒素连接物(Denileukindiftitox)、DepoCyt、地塞米松、醋酸地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠、Dexasone、右雷佐生、DHAD、DIC、Diodex、多西他赛、多喜(Doxil)、多柔比星、多柔比星脂质体、Droxia、DTIC、DTIC-Dome、Duralone、Efudex、Eligard、Ellence、乐沙定(Eloxatin)、爱施巴(Elspar)、Emcyt、表柔比星、阿法依泊汀、爱必妥(Erbitux)、欧文氏菌L-天冬酰胺酶、雌莫司汀、阿米福汀(Ethyol)、凡毕复(Etopophos)、依托泊苷、磷酸依托泊苷、缓退瘤(Eulexin)、易维特(Evista)、依西美坦、法乐通(Fareston)、非洛地松(Faslodex)、弗隆(Femara)、非格司亭、氟尿苷、福达华(Fludara)、氟达拉滨、Fluoroplex、氟尿嘧啶、氟尿嘧啶(乳膏)、氟甲睾酮、氟他胺、亚叶酸、FUDR、氟维司群、G-CSF、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星(Gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、健择(Gemzar)、格列卫(Gleevec)、利普安(Lupron)、利普安缓释注射剂(Lupron Depot)、Matulane、Maxidex、二氯甲基二乙胺(Mechlorethamine)、-二氯甲基二乙胺盐酸盐、Medralone、美卓龙(Medrol)、美可治(Megace)、甲地孕酮(Megestrol)、醋酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、美司钠(Mesna)、美钠针剂(Mesnex)、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、甲氨蝶呤钠、甲基泼尼松龙、Mylocel、来曲唑、Neosar、奈拉韦(Neulasta)、Neumega、优保津(Neupogen)、Nilandron、尼鲁米特、氮芥、诺瓦德克斯(Novaldex)、能灭瘤(Novantrone)、奥曲肽、醋酸奥曲肽、Oncospar、安可平(Oncovin)、Ontak、Onxal、Oprevelkin、Orapred、Orasone、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、帕米膦酸盐、Panretin、伯尔定(Paraplatin)、Pediapred、PEG干扰素、培门冬酶、培非格司亭、PEG-INTRON、PEG-L-天冬酰胺酶、苯丙氨酸芥子气(Phenylalanine Mustard)、顺氯氨铂(Platinol)、顺氯氨铂-AQ、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、Prelone、丙卡巴肼、PROCRIT、Proleukin、Prolifeprospan 20加卡莫司汀植入物、巯基嘌呤(Purinethol)、雷洛昔芬、Rheumatrex、美罗华(Rituxan)、利妥昔单抗、Roveron-A(干扰素α-2a)、Rubex、盐酸红比霉素、善宁(Sandostatin)、善宁LAR、沙格司亭、Solu-Cortef、Solu-Medrol、STI-571、链脲佐菌素、他莫昔芬、塔革雷汀(Targretin)、紫杉酚(Taxol)、泰索帝(Taxotere)、特莫达(Temodar)、替莫唑胺、替尼泊苷、TESPA、沙利度胺、塞醋胺(Thalomid)、TheraCys、硫鸟嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤片剂、硫代磷酰胺、塞替派粉针剂(Thioplex)、噻替派、TICE、Toposar、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、曲妥珠单抗、维甲酸、Trexall、Trisenox、TSPA、VCR、Velban、万珂(Velcade)、凡毕士(VePesid)、Vesanoid、Viadur、长春花碱、硫酸长春花碱、Vincasar Pfs、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、酒石酸长春瑞滨、VLB、VP-16、威猛(Vumon)、希罗达(Xeloda)、Zanosar、泽娃灵(Zevalin)、Zinecard、诺雷德(Zoladex)、唑来膦酸、择泰(Zometa)、格列达晶片、格列卫、GM-CSF、戈舍瑞林、粒细胞集落刺激因子、Halotestin、赫赛汀、Hexadrol、克瘤灵(Hexalen)、六甲嘧胺、HMM、美新(Hycamtin)、Hydrea、醋酸Hydrocort、氢化可的松、氢化可的松磷酸钠、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、磷酸氢可的松、羟基脲、替伊莫单抗、替伊莫单抗、伊达比星(Idamycin)、伊达比星(Idarubicin)、Ifex、IFN-α、异环磷酰胺、IL 2、IL-11、甲磺酸伊马替尼、咪唑甲酰胺、干扰素α、干扰素α-2b(PEG缀合物)、白细胞介素2、白细胞介素-11、甘乐能(Intron A)(干扰素α-2b)、甲酰四氢叶酸、瘤可宁(Leukeran)、Leukine、亮丙瑞林、醛基长春碱、乐司他丁(Leustatin)、脂质体Ara-C、液体Pred、洛莫司汀、L-PAM、L-沙可来新、Meticorten、丝裂霉素、丝裂霉素-C、米托蒽醌、M-Prednisol、MTC、MTX、Mustargen、氮芥、突变霉素、马勒兰(Myleran)、易瑞沙(Iressa)、伊立替康、异维甲酸、Kidrolase、Lanacort、L-天冬酰胺酶、LCR、FAM-HYD-1、玛利佐米(Marizomib)(NPI-0052)、来那度胺、卡非佐米、帕比司他、Quisinostat、塞利尼索、奥普佐米(Oprozomib)以及它们的组合。抗癌剂还可以包括生物药物,诸如例如抗体。
合适的免疫治疗剂的实例包括但不限于阿仑单抗、西妥昔单抗(ERBITUX)、吉妥珠单抗、碘131托西莫单抗、利妥昔单抗、曲妥珠单抗(HERCEPTIN)以及它们的组合。
在一些实例中,治疗剂可以包括抗炎剂,诸如类固醇和/或非类固醇抗炎剂。类固醇抗炎剂的实例包括但不限于氢化可的松、地塞米松、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、曲安西龙、甲基泼尼松龙、布地奈德、倍他米松、可的松和地夫可特。非类固醇抗炎药物的实例包括对乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生、西乐葆、酮洛芬、托美丁、依托度酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、吡罗昔康、吲哚美辛、舒林达(sulindax)、美洛昔康、萘丁美酮、奥沙普秦、甲芬那酸和二氟尼柳。
在一些实例中,该治疗剂包括核酸。特定的核酸实例包括但不限于寡核苷酸、miRNA、shRNA、siRNA、DNA、RNA、mRNA、cDNA、双链核酸、单链核酸等。在一个具体实例中,核酸可以是mRNA。在一些实例中,mRNA编码用于治疗用途的蛋白质或肽。
在一些实例中,将药物组合物施用于受试者。在一些实例中,受试者是哺乳动物。在一些实例中,哺乳动物是灵长类动物。在一些实例中,哺乳动物是人。在一些实例中,人是患者。
在一些实例中,所公开的组合物包含作为活性成分的所公开的化合物(包括其一种或多种药学上可接受的盐)、药学上可接受的载剂和,任选地,其它治疗成分或佐剂。本发明组合物包括适于经口、直肠、外用(topical)和胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内和静脉内)施用的那些,尽管在任何给定情况下最适合的途径将取决于特定的宿主以及活性成分被施用于的疾患的性质和严重性。该组合物可以方便地以单位剂型呈现并且可通过制药领域熟知的任何方法来制备。
制备方法
本文还公开了制备本文公开的化合物或组合物中的任何化合物或组合物的方法。本文还公开了制备本文公开的脂质颗粒中的任何脂质颗粒的方法。本文还公开了制备本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物的方法。
本文中描述的化合物可以用有机合成领域技术人员已知的各种方式或如本领域技术人员所了解的其变型来制备。本文所述的化合物可以由容易获得的起始材料制备。最优的反应条件可以随使用的具体反应物或溶剂而变,但是此类条件可以由本领域技术人员确定。
本文所述的化合物的变型包括如针对每种化合物描述的各种组成部分(constituent)的添加、去除或移动。类似地,当分子中存在一个或多个手性中心时,分子的手性可以被改变。另外,化合物合成可以涉及各种化学基团的保护和脱保护。保护和脱保护的使用以及适当保护基团的选择可以由本领域的技术人员确定。保护基团的化学性质(chemistry)可以例如在Wuts和Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第4版,Wiley&Sons,2006中找到,其以引用的方式整体并入本文。
在制备所公开的化合物和组合物中使用的起始材料和试剂可从诸如以下的商业供应商购得:Katchem(Prague,Czech Republic)、Aldrich Chemical Co.,(Milwaukee,WI)、Acros Organics(Morris Plains,NJ)、Fisher Scientific(Pittsburgh,PA)、Sigma(St.Louis,MO)、Pfizer(New York,NY)、GlaxoSmithKline(Raleigh,NC)、Merck(Whitehouse Station,NJ)、Johnson&Johnson(New Brunswick,NJ)、Aventis(Bridgewater,NJ)、AstraZeneca(Wilmington,DE)、Novartis(Basel,Switzerland)、Wyeth(Madison,NJ)、Bristol-Myers-Squibb(New York,NY)、Roche(Basel,Switzerland)、Lilly(Indianapolis,IN)、Abbott(Abbott Park,IL)、Schering Plough(Kenilworth,NJ)或Boehringer Ingelheim(Ingelheim,Germany),或者是通过本领域技术人员已知的方法按照诸如以下的参考文献中阐述的程序制备:Fieser和Fieser's Reagents for OrganicSynthesis,第1-17卷(John Wiley and Sons,1991);Rodd's Chemistry of CarbonCompounds,第1-5卷和增刊(Elsevier Science Publishers,1989);Organic Reactions,第1-40卷(John Wiley and Sons,1991);March's Advanced Organic Chemistry,(JohnWiley and Sons,第4版);和Larock'sComprehensive Organic Transformations(VCHPublishers Inc.,1989)。诸如本文中公开的药物赋形剂的其它材料可以从商业来源获得。
用于产生本文所述的化合物的反应可以在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂可由有机合成领域的技术人员选择。在进行反应的条件(即温度和压力)下,溶剂可基本上不与起始材料(反应物)、中间体或产物反应。反应可在一种溶剂或多于一种溶剂的混合物中进行。可以根据本领域已知的任何合适的方法来监测产物或中间体形成。例如,可以通过光谱手段,诸如核磁共振光谱(例如,1H或13C)、红外光谱、分光光度法(例如,UV-可见)或质谱法,或通过色谱法(诸如高效液相色谱法(HPLC)或薄层色谱法)来监测产物形成。
使用方法
本文还公开了本文公开的化合物或组合物中的任何化合物或组合物的使用方法。
例如,本文还公开了治疗、预防或改善有需要的受试者的疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括向该受试者施用治疗有效量的本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物。
例如,本文公开了治疗有需要的受试者的疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括向该受试者施用治疗有效量的本文公开的药物组合物中的任何药物组合物。
疾病和病症的实例包括但不限于癌症。
在一些实例中,疾病包括癌症。例如,本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用于治疗人(例如,小儿和老人群体)和动物(例如,兽医应用)的癌症。所公开的方法可以任选地包括鉴定需要或可能需要癌症治疗的患者。可以通过本文所述的化合物和组合物治疗的癌症类型的实例包括膀胱癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、宫颈癌、胃肠癌、泌尿生殖系统癌、头颈癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、皮肤癌和睾丸癌。进一步的实例包括肛门、胆管、骨、骨髓、肠(包括结肠和直肠)、眼、胆囊、肾、口腔、喉、食道、胃、睾丸、宫颈、间皮瘤、神经内分泌、阴茎、皮肤、脊髓、甲状腺、阴道、外阴、子宫、肝脏、肌肉、血细胞(包括淋巴细胞和其它免疫系统细胞)的癌症和/或肿瘤。可通过本文所述的化合物和组合物治疗的癌症的进一步实例包括癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、软组织肉瘤、胰腺癌、肺癌、白血病(急性淋巴母细胞性白血病、急性髓样白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性髓样白血病和其他白血病)和淋巴瘤(霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤)和多发性骨髓瘤。
本文所述的治疗或预防癌症的方法在一些实例中可以进一步包括用一种或多种额外的剂(例如,抗癌剂或电离辐射)治疗。例如,如本文所述的化合物或组合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以与额外的抗癌剂组合成药物组合物。该额外的抗癌剂还可以包括生物药物,诸如例如抗体。许多肿瘤和癌症具有存在于肿瘤或癌细胞中的病毒基因组。例如,爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)与多种哺乳动物恶性肿瘤相关。本文公开的化合物还可以单独地或与抗癌剂或抗病毒剂(如更昔洛韦、叠氮胸苷(AZT)、拉米夫定(3TC)等)组合地用于治疗感染了可导致细胞转化的病毒的患者和/或治疗患有与细胞中病毒基因组的存在相关的肿瘤或癌症的患者。本文公开的化合物还可以与肿瘤疾病的基于病毒的治疗组合使用。
本文还描述了压制受试者的肿瘤生长的方法。该方法包括使肿瘤的至少一部分与治疗有效量的如本文所述的化合物或组合物中的任何化合物或组合物接触。在一些实例中,该方法进一步包括用治疗有效量的电离辐射照射肿瘤的至少一部分的步骤。如本文所用,术语电离辐射是指包含颗粒或光子的辐射,这些颗粒或光子具有足够的能量或者可以经由核相互作用产生足够的能量以产生电离。电离辐射的一个实例是x-辐射。电离辐射的治疗有效量是指当与本文所述的化合物组合施用时导致细胞损伤或死亡增加的电离辐射的剂量。电离辐射可以根据如本领域已知的方法递送,该方法包括施用放射性标记的抗体和放射性同位素。
本文所述的疾病或病症的治疗方法可以进一步包括用一种或多种额外的剂进行治疗。该一种或多种额外的剂和如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以任何顺序施用,该顺序包括同时施用,以及以最多相隔几天的时间上隔开的顺序来施用。该方法还可以包括多于单次施用一种或多种额外的剂和/或如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐。该一种或多种额外的剂和如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐的施用可以通过相同或不同的途径来实现。当用一种或多种额外的剂治疗时,如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以被组合成包含该一种或多种额外的剂的药物组合物。
在一些实例中,该化合物或组合物可以以1微克(μg)/千克(kg)受试者体重/天(μg/kg/天)或更多(例如,2μg/kg/天或更多、3μg/kg/天或更多、4μg/kg/天或更多、5μg/kg/天或更多、10μg/kg/天或更多、15μg/kg/天或更多、20μg/kg/天或更多、25μg/kg/天或更多、30μg/kg/天或更多、35μg/kg/天或更多、40μg/kg/天或更多、45μg/kg/天或更多、50μg/kg/天或更多、60μg/kg/天或更多、70μg/kg/天或更多、80μg/kg/天或更多、90μg/kg/天或更多、100μg/kg/天或更多、125μg/kg/天或更多、150μg/kg/天或更多、175μg/kg/天或更多、200μg/kg/天或更多、225μg/kg/天或更多、250μg/kg/天或更多、300μg/kg/天或更多、350μg/kg/天或更多、400μg/kg/天或更多、450μg/kg/天或更多、500μg/kg/天或更多、600μg/kg/天或更多、700μg/kg/天或更多、800μg/kg/天或更多、900μg/kg/天或更多、1毫克(mg)/kg/天或更多、2mg/kg/天或更多、3mg/kg/天或更多、4mg/kg/天或更多、5mg/kg/天或更多、6mg/kg/天或更多、7mg/kg/天或更多、8mg/kg/天或更多,或9mg/kg/天或更多)的量施用于受试者。在一些实例中,化合物或组合物可以以10毫克(mg)/千克(kg)受试者体重/天(mg/kg/天)或更少(例如,9mg/kg/天或更少、8mg/kg/天或更少、7mg/kg/天或更少、6mg/kg/天或更少、5mg/kg/天或更少、4mg/kg/天或更少、3mg/kg/天或更少、2mg/kg/天或更少、1mg/kg/天或更少、900μg/kg/天或更少、800μg/kg/天或更少、700μg/kg/天或更少、600μg/kg/天或更少、500μg/kg/天或更少、450μg/kg/天或更少、400μg/kg/天或更少、350μg/kg/天或更少、300μg/kg/天或更少、250μg/kg/天或更少、225μg/kg/天或更少、200μg/kg/天或更少、175μg/kg/天或更少、150μg/kg/天或更少、125μg/kg/天或更少、100μg/kg/天或更少、90μg/kg/天或更少、80μg/kg/天或更少、70μg/kg/天或更少、60μg/kg/天或更少、50μg/kg/天或更少、45μg/kg/天或更少、40μg/kg/天或更少、35μg/kg/天或更少、30μg/kg/天或更少、25μg/kg/天或更少、20μg/kg/天或更少、15μg/kg/天或更少、10μg/kg/天或更少、5μg/kg/天或更少、4μg/kg/天或更少、3μg/kg/天或更少或2μg/kg/天或更少)的量施用于受试者。
施用于受试者的化合物或组合物的量可以在上述任何最小值至上述任何最大值的范围内。例如,该化合物或组合物可以以1微克(μg)/千克(kg)受试者体重/天至10毫克(mg)/kg/天(例如,1μg/kg/天至100μg/kg/天、100μg/kg/天至10mg/kg/天、1μg/kg/天至10μg/kg/天、10μg/kg/天至100μg/kg/天、100μg/kg/天至1mg/kg/天、1mg/kg/天至10mg/kg/天、5μg/kg/天至10mg/kg/天、1μg/kg/天至5mg/kg/天,或5至5mg/kg/天)的量施用于受试者。
然而,应理解,用于任何特定受试者的具体剂量水平将取决于多种因素。此类因素包括受试者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食。其它因素包括施用时间和途径、排泄速度、药物组合,以及特定疾病或病症的类型和严重性。
如本文所述的方法、化合物和组合物可用于防预性和治疗性治疗。如本文所用,术语治疗(treating)或治疗(treatment)包括预防;延迟发作;发作后体征或症状恶化的减弱、根除或延迟;以及预防复发。对于防预性使用,在发作之前(例如,在疾病或病症出现明显体征之前)、在发病初期期间(例如,在疾病或病症出现初始体征和症状后),或者在疾病或病症已确定发展后,向受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐。防预性施用可以在显现疾病或病症的症状之前的数天至数年发生。治疗性治疗涉及在诊断出疾病或病症之后向受试者施用治疗有效量的如本文所述的化合物和组合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些实施方案中,希望使用对细胞类型和/或组织类型具有特异性的靶向部分来靶向纳米颗粒。在一些实施方案中,可以使用靶向部分来使纳米颗粒靶向至特定细胞、组织和/或器官。示例性的非限制性靶向部分包括配体、细胞表面受体、糖蛋白、维生素(例如核黄素)和抗体(例如全长抗体、抗体片段(例如,Fv片段、单链Fv(scFv)片段、Fab'片段或F(ab')2片段)、单结构域抗体、骆驼科动物抗体及其片段、人抗体及其片段、单克隆抗体和多特异性抗体(例如双特异性抗体))。在一些实施方案中,靶向部分可为多肽。靶向部分可以包括整个多肽(例如,肽或蛋白质)或其片段。靶向部分通常位于纳米颗粒的外表面上,使得靶向部分可用于与靶标(例如细胞表面受体)相互作用。本领域中已知并可获得多种不同的靶向部分和方法,包括例如在Sapra等人,Prog Lipid Res.42(5):439-62,2003和Abra等人,J.Liposome Res.12:1-3,2002中描述的那些。
靶向部分可以靶向任何已知的细胞类型,包括但不限于肝细胞、结肠细胞、上皮细胞、造血细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞、肺细胞、骨细胞、干细胞、间充质细胞、神经细胞、心脏细胞、脂肪细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、β细胞、垂体细胞、滑膜内衬细胞、卵巢细胞、睾丸细胞、成纤维细胞、B细胞、T细胞、网织红细胞、白细胞、粒细胞和肿瘤细胞(包括原发性肿瘤细胞和转移性肿瘤细胞)。在特定实施方案中,靶向部分使脂质纳米颗粒靶向至肝细胞。在其它实施方案中,靶向部分使脂质纳米颗粒靶向至结肠细胞。在一些实施方案中,靶向部分使脂质纳米颗粒靶向至肝癌细胞(例如,肝细胞癌细胞)或结肠直肠癌细胞(例如,原发性肿瘤或转移)。
组合物、制剂、施用方法和药盒
所公开的化合物和含有该化合物的组合物的体内应用可通过本领域技术人员目前或未来已知的任何合适的方法和技术来完成。例如,所公开的化合物可被配制成生理学或药学上可接受的形式并通过包括例如经口、经鼻、直肠、外用和肠胃外施用途径在内的本领域已知的任何合适的途径施用。如本文所用,术语肠胃外包括皮下、皮内、静脉内、肌肉内、腹膜内和胸骨内施用,诸如通过注射。所公开的化合物或组合物的施用可以是单次施用,或以连续或不同的间隔施用,这可由本领域技术人员容易地确定。
本文公开的化合物和包含该化合物的组合物还可利用脂质体技术、缓释胶囊、可植入泵和可生物降解的容器来施用。这些递送方法可有利地在长时间段内提供均一的剂量。该化合物也可以其盐衍生物形式或结晶形式施用。
本文公开的化合物可根据已知的用于制备药学上可接受的组合物的方法来配制。制剂在本领域技术人员熟知且容易获得的许多来源中进行了详细描述。例如,E.W.Martin(1995)的Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science描述了可与所公开的方法结合使用的制剂。通常,本文公开的化合物可被配制成使得有效量的该化合物与合适的赋形剂组合以便促进该化合物的有效施用。所使用的组合物也可呈多种形式。这些形式包括例如固体、半固体和液体剂型,如片剂、丸剂、粉末、液体溶液或悬浮液、栓剂、可注射和可输注溶液以及喷雾剂。优选的形式取决于预期的施用模式和应用。该组合物还可包含本领域技术人员已知的常规药学上可接受的载剂和稀释剂。
用于与该化合物一起使用的载剂或稀释剂的实例包括乙醇、二甲基亚砜、甘油、氧化铝、淀粉、盐水和等效的载剂和稀释剂。为了提供用于所需应用的此类剂量的施用,本文公开的组合物可包含基于包含载剂或稀释剂的总组合物的重量的约0.1重量%与100重量%之间的一种或多种主题化合物的总量。
所采用的药物载剂可以是例如,固体、液体或气体。固体载剂的实例包括乳糖、石膏粉、蔗糖、滑石、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯树胶、硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸。液体载剂的实例是糖浆、花生油、橄榄油和水。气体载剂的实例包括二氧化碳和氮气。
适合于施用的制剂包括例如无菌注射水溶液,其可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂以及使制剂与预期接受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可包含助悬剂和增稠剂。该制剂可呈现于单位剂量或多剂量容器(例如密封安瓿和小瓶)中,并且可存储于冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下,只需要在使用前添加无菌液体载剂,例如注射用水即可。临时注射溶液和悬浮液可由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂等制备。应当理解,除上文特别提到的赋形剂之外,考虑到所讨论制剂的类型,本文公开的组合物还可包含本领域中常规的其它剂。
本文公开的化合物和包含该化合物的组合物可通过与细胞直接接触或经由载剂手段递送至细胞。用于将化合物和组合物递送至细胞的载剂手段是本领域已知的。
为了治疗肿瘤学病症,可将本文公开的化合物或组合物与其它抗肿瘤或抗癌物质和/或与放射和/或光动力疗法和/或与手术治疗组合施用给需要治疗的患者以除去肿瘤。这些其它物质或治疗可与本文公开的化合物或组合物在同一时间或不同时间给予。例如,可将本文公开的化合物或组合物与有丝分裂抑制剂(如紫杉醇或长春碱)、烷基化剂(如环磷酰胺或异环磷酰胺)、抗代谢物(如5-氟尿嘧啶或羟基脲)、DNA嵌入剂(如阿霉素或博来霉素)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(如依托泊苷或喜树碱)、抗血管生成剂(如血管抑制素)、抗雌激素(如他莫昔芬)和/或其它抗癌药物或抗体(分别如例如格列卫(Novartis PharmaceuticalsCorporation)和赫赛汀(Genentech,Inc.)),或免疫治疗剂(如伊匹单抗和硼替佐米)组合使用。
在某些实例中,本文公开的化合物和组合物可在一个或多个解剖部位,如不期望的细胞生长的部位(如肿瘤部位或良性皮肤生长物,例如注射或外用施加至肿瘤或皮肤生长物)处局部施用,任选地与药学上可接受的载剂如惰性稀释剂组合。本文公开的化合物和组合物可全身施用,如静脉内或经口施用,任选地与药学上可接受的载剂(如惰性稀释剂)或用于经口递送的可同化的可食用载剂组合。它们可封闭在硬质或软质外壳明胶胶囊中,可压制成片剂,或者可直接与患者膳食的食物合并。对于经口治疗性施用,活性化合物可与一种或多种赋形剂组合并以可摄取片剂、经颊片剂、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、悬浮液、糖浆、糯米纸囊剂(wafer)、气溶胶喷雾等形式使用。
片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊等也可含有以下各物:粘合剂,如黄蓍胶、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶;稀释剂,如磷酸二钙;崩解剂,如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、海藻酸等;润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁;以及甜味剂,如蔗糖、果糖、乳糖或阿斯巴甜(aspartame)或调味剂,例如胡椒薄荷、冬青油,或者可添加樱桃调味剂。当单位剂型是胶囊时,它除了含有以上类型的物质之外,还可含有液体载剂,如植物油或聚乙二醇。各种其它物质可作为包衣存在或者可为了以其他方式改良固体单位剂型的物理形式而存在。举例来说,片剂、丸剂或胶囊可用明胶、蜡、虫胶或糖等包覆。糖浆或酏剂可含有活性化合物、作为甜味剂的蔗糖或果糖、作为防腐剂的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、染料和调味剂(如樱桃或橙调味剂)。当然,用于制备任何单位剂型的任何物质都应为药学上可接受的且在所用量下基本上无毒。此外,活性化合物可被并入到持续释放制品和装置中。
本文公开的化合物和组合物(包括其药学上可接受的盐)可通过经由输注或注射静脉内、肌内或腹膜内施用。可在任选地与无毒表面活性剂混合的水中制备活性化合物或其盐的溶液。也可在甘油、液体聚乙二醇、三乙酸甘油酯和它们的混合物中以及在油中制备分散体。在普通的存储和使用条件下,这些制品可含有防腐剂以防止微生物的生长。
适于注射或输注的药物剂型可包括无菌水溶液或分散体;或包含活性成分的无菌粉末,该无菌粉末适合于临时制备无菌可注射或可输注溶液或分散体,该无菌粉末任选地包封于脂质体中。最终剂型在制造和存储条件下都应为无菌的、流动的且稳定的。液体载剂或媒介物可为溶剂或液体分散介质,其包含例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、液体聚乙二醇等)、植物油、无毒甘油酯以及它们的合适的混合物。适当流动性可例如通过形成脂质体、在分散体的情况下通过维持所需颗粒尺寸或通过使用表面活性剂加以维持。任选地,可通过各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞(thimerosal)等)来防止微生物作用。在许多情况下,优选的是包括等张剂,例如糖、缓冲剂或氯化钠。可通过包含延迟吸收的剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来延长可注射组合物的吸收。
本文公开的适合于可注射用途的药物组合物包括无菌水溶液或分散体。此外,该组合物可呈用于临时制备此类无菌可注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉末形式。在一些实例中,最终可注射形式可以是无菌的,并且可以有效地为易于注射的流体。在一些实例中,药物组合物在制造和储存条件下可以是稳定的;因此,可保藏它们以防诸如细菌和真菌的微生物污染作用。载剂可以为溶剂和分散介质,其含有,例如,水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液态聚乙二醇)、植物油及其适合的混合物。
无菌可注射溶液是通过将本文公开的化合物和/或剂以所需量与以上列举的各种其它成分一起掺入到适当溶剂中,在必要时随后进行过滤灭菌来制备。在用于制备无菌可注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,其产生活性成分外加存在于先前经无菌过滤的溶液中的任何额外所需成分的粉末。
本文公开的药物组合物可呈适于外用使用的形式,诸如例如气溶胶、乳膏、软膏、洗剂、细粉、漱口剂、含漱剂、溶液、酊剂等。在一些实例中,该组合物可呈适合用于透皮装置的形式。在一些实例中,将希望将它们以与皮肤病学上可接受的载剂(其可为固体或液体)组合的组合物形式外用施用于皮肤。本文公开的化合物和剂以及组合物可以外用施用于受试者的皮肤。这些制剂可利用本文公开的化合物中的任何化合物或其药学上可接受的盐经由常规加工方法来制备。
有用的固体载剂包括细粉状固体,如滑石、粘土、微晶纤维素、二氧化硅、氧化铝等。适用液体载剂包括水、醇或二醇或水-醇/二醇掺合物,化合物可任选地借助于无毒表面活性剂在有效水平下溶解或分散于其中。可添加如芳香剂和其它抗微生物剂的佐剂来使性质最优化以用于给定用途。所得液体组合物可例如自吸收垫施用,用于浸渍绷带和其它敷料,或使用泵型喷雾器或气溶胶喷雾器喷雾于受影响区域上。
诸如合成聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐和酯、脂肪醇、经修饰的纤维素或经修饰的矿物材料的增稠剂也可与液体载剂一起被用于形成用于直接施加至使用者的皮肤的可涂敷糊剂、凝胶剂、软膏、皂剂等。
本文公开的药物组合物可呈适合于直肠施用的形式,其中载剂为固体。在一些实例中,混合物形成单位剂量栓剂。合适的载剂包括可可脂和本领域中常用的其它材料。栓剂可通过首先将组合物与软化的或熔化的载剂混合,随后通过在模具中冷却和成形而方便地形成。
除了前面提到的载剂成分之外,上述药物制剂还可在适当时包含一种或多种额外的载剂成分诸如稀释剂、缓冲剂、调味剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、润滑剂、防腐剂(包括抗氧化剂)等。此外,可包含其它佐剂以使制剂与预期接受者的血液等渗。含有本文公开的化合物中的任何化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐的组合物也可以粉末或液体浓缩物形式制备。
本文公开的化合物和剂和药物组合物的有用剂量可通过比较它们的体外活性与在动物模型中的体内活性来确定。用于将小鼠和其它动物中的有效剂量外推至人的方法为本领域所知。
组合物的施用的剂量范围是大到足以产生其中症状或病症受到影响的所需效应的那些剂量范围。剂量不应大到以至于引起显著的不良副作用,诸如不想要的交叉反应、过敏反应等。通常,剂量将随着患者的年龄、状况、性别和疾病程度而变化,并且可以由本领域技术人员确定。在有任何禁忌症的情况下,可由个体医师调整剂量。剂量可以变化且可以每日一次或多次剂量施用,持续一天或几天。
还公开了药盒,该药盒包括处于一个或多个容器中的本文公开的化合物。所公开的药盒可以任选地包括药学上可接受的载剂和/或稀释剂。在一个实施方案中,药盒包括一种或多种如本文所述的其它组分、助剂或佐剂。在一个实施方案中,药盒包括描述如何施用药盒的化合物或组合物的说明书或包装材料。药盒的容器可以由任何合适的材料,例如玻璃、塑料、金属等制成,并且具有任何合适的尺寸、形状或构造。在一个实施方案中,本文公开的化合物和/或剂作为固体(如片剂、丸剂或粉末形式)提供在药盒中。在另一个实施方案中,本文公开的化合物和/或剂作为液体或溶液提供在药盒中。在一个实施方案中,药盒包括含有呈液体或溶液形式的本文公开的化合物和/或剂的安瓿或注射器。
在一些实例中,药盒进一步包含至少一种剂,其中该化合物和该剂是共同配制的。
在一些实例中,该化合物和该剂是共同包装的。
药盒还可以包含与其它组分共同包装、共同配制和/或共同递送的化合物和/或产物。例如,药物制造商、药物经销商、医生、药房(compounding shop)或药剂师可以提供包含用于递送至患者的所公开的化合物和/或产物以及另一种组分的药盒。
可以设想,所公开的药盒可以与所公开的制备方法、所公开的使用方法和/或所公开的组合物结合使用。
已描述了本发明的许多实施方案。然而,应理解的是,可在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改。因此,其它实施方案也在所附权利要求书的范围内。
以下实施例意在进一步说明本文所述的系统和方法的某些方面,而非意在限制权利要求的范围。
实施例
下面阐述了以下实施例以说明根据所公开主题的方法和结果。这些实施例不旨在包括本文所公开的主题的所有方面,而是说明代表性方法和结果。这些实施例不旨在排除对本领域的技术人员显而易见的本发明的等同物和变型。
已努力确保关于数字(例如,量、温度等)的准确率,但应考虑到一些误差和偏差。除非另外指出,否则份为重量份,温度以℃计或为环境温度,并且压力等于或接近大气压。存在测量条件(例如,组分浓度、温度、压力和可以用于优化所描述过程的其它测量范围和条件)的多种变型和组合。
实施例1
mRNA的有效递送是mRNA治疗剂应用的关键步骤和挑战。尽管来自正在进行的临床试验的数据很有希望,但mRNA的临床使用需要发现和开发更有效的递送系统。
本文公开了功能性氨基脂质纳米颗粒及其用途。例如,本文公开了三类官能化的氨基脂质及其制剂,它们例如可以用于基因疗法和药物递送应用。
本文公开的化合物和组合物的合成途径和表征如下所示。
Hep3B细胞中某些化合物的相对发光强度在图1中示出。
某些化合物在肌肉内注射后在体内的相对发光强度在图2中示出。
方案1.氨基醇脂质和氨基酸脂质的一般合成途径
醛合成的实施例
在RT下向多聚甲醛(1.5g,50mmol)在TMSCl(25mL,197mmol)中的悬浮液中逐滴添加1-己醇10(5.1g,50mmol)。让反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h。将透明溶液在减压下浓缩,得到呈无色油状物的1-氯甲氧基-己烷11,其无需进一步纯化即可直接使用。
将上述氯甲基醚逐滴添加至1,6-己二醇12(11.8g,100mmol)和i-Pr2NEt(17.45mL,100mmol)在CH2Cl2(150mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,且随后通过添加NH4Cl饱和溶液(80mL)淬灭。用CH2Cl2(60mL*2次)萃取,并将合并的有机层用水(30mL)和盐水(30mL)洗涤并且经Na2SO4干燥。将有机相过滤并在减压下浓缩;将残余物经由硅胶快速色谱法(20%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得6.74g呈无色油状物的13,产率58.0%。1HNMR(300Mhz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(s,2H),3.63(q,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.51(td,J=6.6,2.9Hz,4H),1.57(dq,J=13.5,6.8Hz,6H),1.50-1.21(m,10H),0.94-0.82(m,3H)。MS(m/z):对于C13H28NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:255.1931;实测值:255.1941。
在室温下将(二乙酰氧基碘)苯(0.79g,2.45mmol)添加至14(518mg,2.23mmol)、TEMPO(34.9mg,0.22mmol)和NaHCO3(412mg,4.9mmol)在20mL干燥DCM中的悬浮液中。将反应混合物搅拌3小时,并且TLC显示14完全消耗。然后将混合物用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(30mL)淬灭并用DCM(3*20mL)萃取。合并DCM相并将其用NaHCO3水溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由硅胶快速色谱法(10%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得510mg呈无色油状物的15,定量产率。1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.76(s,1H),4.64(s,2H),3.51(q,J=5.9Hz,4H),2.43(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.60(ddt,J=17.8,12.9,7.3Hz,6H),1.46-1.23(m,8H),0.95-0.81(m,3H)。MS(m/z):对于C13H26NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:253.1774;实测值:255.1941。
在0℃下经30分钟将16(5.0g,30.4mmol)于DCM(30mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加到1,5-己二醇12和TEA(16.9mL,121mmol)于DCM(100mL)中的溶液中。在搅拌3小时后,将反应物用50mL水淬灭并用DCM(50mL*3)萃取,然后合并有机相并将其用水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由硅胶色谱法(20%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得3.2g呈无色油状物的17,产率45.3%。1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.11(td,J=6.7,2.6Hz,4H),3.62(td,J=6.5,3.1Hz,3H),1.65(p,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.56(dq,J=6.5,3.3Hz,2H),1.43-1.33(m,6H),1.29(dd,J=6.8,3.8Hz,4H),0.91-0.84(m,3H)。MS(m/z):对于C13H26NaO4,[M+Na]+计算值:269.1723;实测值:269.1735。
将BAIB(1.41g,4.38mmol)添加至17(0.98g,3.98mmol)、TEMPO(62.2mg,0.4mmol)和NaHCO3(736mg,8.6mmol)于20mL DCM中的悬浮液中。将反应混合物搅拌3h,直至TLC显示A完全消耗。然后将混合物用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(30mL)淬灭并用DCM(3*20mL)萃取。合并DCM相并将其用NaHCO3水溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由硅胶快速色谱法(10%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得0.78g呈浅黄色油状物的18,产率80.2%。1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.77(q,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.13(td,J=6.6,2.6Hz,5H),2.45(td,J=7.2,1.7Hz,2H),1.78-1.59(m,7H),1.49-1.24(m,10H),0.95-0.84(m,4H)。
在RT下向乙醛(1.76g,40mmol)于TMSCl(20mL,157mmol)中的溶液中逐滴添加1-己醇10(5.1g,50mmol)。让反应混合物在室温下搅拌2h。将透明溶液在减压下浓缩,得到呈无色油状物的19,其无需进一步纯化即可直接使用。
将上述氯甲基醚逐滴添加至1,6-己二醇12(9.44g,80mmol)和i-Pr2NEt(13.96mL,80mmol)于CH2Cl2(150mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,且随后通过添加NH4Cl饱和溶液(80mL)淬灭。用CH2Cl2(60mL*2次)萃取,并将合并的有机层用水(30mL)和盐水(30mL)洗涤并且经Na2SO4干燥。将有机相过滤并在减压下浓缩;将残余物经由硅胶快速色谱法(20%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得3.45g呈无色油状物的20,产率35.0%。1H NMR(300Mhz,氯仿-d)δ4.64(q,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.66-3.47(m,4H),3.38(dtd,J=9.2,6.6,2.5Hz,2H),1.65-1.48(m,7H),1.42-1.22(m,12H),0.92-0.81(m,3H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:269.2087;实测值:269.2075。
将BAIB(1.77g,5.5mmol)添加至20(1.23g,5.0mmol)、TEMPO(78.2mg,0.5mmol)和NaHCO3(924mg,11.0mmol)于20mL DCM中的悬浮液中。将反应混合物搅拌3h,直至TLC显示A完全消耗。然后将混合物用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(30mL)淬灭并用DCM(3*20mL)萃取。合并DCM相并将其用NaHCO3水溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由硅胶快速色谱法(10%于己烷中的EtOAc)纯化。获得1.0g呈浅黄色油状物的21,产率81.8%。1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.78(s,1H),4.66(q,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.57(dq,J=9.2,6.8Hz,2H),3.41(dtd,J=9.7,6.5,3.3Hz,2H),2.45(td,J=7.3,1.7Hz,2H),1.73-1.51(m,6H),1.48-1.25(m,11H),0.95-0.82(m,3H)。MS(m/z):对于C13H28NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:255.1931;实测值:255.1941。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.78(t,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.65(q,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.62(dt,J=9.4,6.1Hz,1H),3.54(dt,J=9.3,6.7Hz,1H),3.49-3.32(m,2H),2.53(td,J=7.1,1.6Hz,2H),2.03-1.84(m,2H),1.67-1.43(m,2H),1.28(q,J=4.7,3.6Hz,13H),0.98-0.80(m,3H)。
用于合成醇3-n的一般程序。
向1,3-丙二胺1(2.22g,30.0mmol)和2-n(10mmol)于正丁醇(10mL)中的溶液中添加碘化钾(84mg,0.5mmol)和碳酸钾(0.69g,5.0mmol)。将所得混合物回流24小时。然后将混合物缓慢冷却至室温,过滤并在真空下浓缩。在RT下将所得混合物溶解于10mL MeOH中并用Boc2O(8.3g,60mmol)处理30min。在减压下除去MeOH。将残余物经由CombiFlash系统纯化,得到所需产物(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1:1)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.67-3.47(m,2H),3.42-3.30(m,2H),3.28-3.16(m,2H),3.16-3.04(m,2H),1.73-1.64(m,4H),1.47(s,9H),1.44(s,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.00(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.59(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),3.52(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.44(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.13(br s,1H),2.05-1.84(m,6H),1.80(s,9H),1.78(s,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.67-3.61(m,2H),3.27-2.95(m,6H),1.73-1.47(m,8H),1.47-1.27(m,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.64(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.33-3.21(m,2H),3.20-3.04(m,4H),1.89-1.75(m,1H),1.71-1.62(m,2H),1.60-1.50m,4H),1.47(s,9H),1.44(s,9H),1.39(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.34-1.28(m,2H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:275.2;实测值:275.3。
用于合成醇6-m的一般程序。
将胺4(2.61g,15.0mmol)溶解于20mL干燥MeCN中。将碳酸钾(1.59g,15.0mmol)添加至溶液中。在RT下经1小时将5-m(10.0mmol)于10mL干燥MeCN中的溶液逐滴添加至上述溶液中。然后将溶液在RT下搅拌24h。经由过滤除去固体Na2CO3,并在真空下除去溶剂。将残余物经由硅胶色谱法纯化。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.28(s,2H),3.20(q,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.66(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.67(q,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.46(s,9H),1.43(s,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ5.05(s,1H),3.20(q,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.84(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.69(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.44(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.98(br s,1H),1.67(p,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.45(s,9H),1.44(s,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ5.25(s,1H),3.27-3.15(m,2H),2.68(dt,J=14.4,6.9Hz,4H),2.59(br s,1H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.81(p,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.75-1.63(m,2H),1.43(s,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ5.18(br s,1H),3.63(s,1H),3.21-3.12(m,2H),2.65(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.58(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.21(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.66-1.57(m,5H),1.50(q,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.45-1.40(m,18H)。
用于合成氨基醇脂质和氨基酸脂质的一般程序。
在0℃下向3-n或6-m(0.1mmol)于CH2Cl2(0.46mL)中的溶液中添加三氟乙酸(TFA,0.46mmol)。让混合物温热至RT,将混合物在RT下搅拌3-4小时并用薄层色谱法(TLC)监测。反应完成后,蒸发溶剂并将残余物溶解于MeOH中并浓缩。将残余物溶解于2mL THF中并添加TEA(0.028mL,0.2mmol),并在RT下搅拌10min。然后添加醛(0.4mmol),随后添加NaBH(OAc)3(95.4mg,0.45mmol)。将获得的溶液在RT下搅拌48h。添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液以淬灭反应物,在减压下除去THF,用DCM(10mL*3次)萃取水相,合并有机相并且将其经无水Na2SO4干燥,然后将溶液过滤并浓缩,将残余物通过硅胶色谱法纯化,得到所需产物。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.55(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.57-2.39(m,12H),1.65-1.55(m,2H),1.52-1.36(m,6H),1.32-1.22(m,54H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.3Hz,3H),3.52(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.61-2.32(m,12H),2.27(t,J=7.4Hz,6H),1.67-1.35(m,26H),1.32-1.17(m,42H),0.92-0.80(m,18H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.12(td,J=6.6,4.5Hz,12H),3.54(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.56(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.53-2.27(m,10H),1.72-1.42(m,20H),1.39-1.21(m,30H),0.94-0.81(m,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(q,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.54(dt,J=9.6,6.6Hz,9H),3.38(dtd,J=9.6,6.3,3.3Hz,6H),2.54(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.51-2.33(m,10H),1.59-1.44(m,20H),1.34-1.16(m,40H),0.93-0.79(m,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(s,6H),3.53-3.49(m,14H),2.55(d,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.52-2.28(m,10H),1.61-1.53(m,14H),1.46-1.40(t,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.41-1.25(m,30H),0.93-0.82(m,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.80-3.77(m,2H),2.65-2.34(m,12H),1.71-1.63(m,4H),1.54-1.35(m,6H),1.35-1.17(m,54H),0.95-0.82(m,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.3Hz,3H),3.78(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.63(t,J=5.4Hz,2H),2.58-2.31(m,10H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.73-1.36(m,28H),1.32-1.20(m,42H),0.91-0.82(m,18H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.89-4.74(m,3H),3.55(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),2.77-2.31(m,12H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.68-1.40(m,28H),1.36-1.17(m,44H),0.93-0.81(m,18H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.68(s,6H),3.66-3.58(m,2H),3.54(t,J=6.6Hz,12H),2.98-2.34(m,12H),1.79-1.48(m,24H),1.47-1.26(m,30H),0.97-0.85(m,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.3Hz,3H),3.62(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.43-2.35(m,12H),2.27(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.67-1.37(m,30H),1.35-1.20(m,44H),0.93-0.79(m,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.66(q,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.70-3.47(m,8H),3.43-3.34(m,6H),2.66-2.24(m,12H),1.60-1.45(q,J=18.5,12.9Hz,20H),1.39-1.21m,39H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.62(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.64-2.48(m,12H),1.76-1.67(m,2H),1.60-1.41(m,10H),1.40-1.24(m,56H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,9H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:679.7;实测值:679.9。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.81(p,J=6.3Hz,3H),3.63(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.43-2.25(m,12H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.64-1.47(m,22H),1.45-1.37(m,8H),1.35-1.16(m,46H),0.92-0.80(m,18H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:979.9;实测值:979.9。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.29-3.98(m,12H),3.63(td,J=6.6,2.4Hz,2H),3..49-3.43(m,1H),2.70-2.23(m,12H),1.74-1.62(m,12H),1.60-1.41(m,12H),1.40-1.22(m,34H),0.97-0.79(m,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.11(t,J=6.6Hz,12H),3.63(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.51-2.18(m,12H),1.67(h,J=6.9Hz,12H),1.59-1.52(m,4H),1.44-1.26(m,60H),0.94-0.79(m,9H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:985.8;实测值:985.9。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.11(t,J=6.6Hz,12H),3.63(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.37(t,J=7.1Hz,12H),1.72-1.62(m,12H),1.59-1.52(m,4H),1.46-1.21(m,66H),0.94-0.80(m,9H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:1027.9;实测值:1027.9。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(q,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.64-3.51(m,8H),3.43-3.34(m,6H),2.51-2.29(m,12H),1.60-1.39(m,24H),1.37-1.19(m,44H),0.87(t,J=6.6Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.66(q,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.68-3.49(m,8H),3.39(dt,J=9.3,6.6Hz,6H),2.46-2.27(m,12H),1.64-1.49(m,16H),1.49-1.16(m,52H),0.95-0.79(m,9H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:859.8;实测值:859.9。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(s,6H),3.61(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.51(t,J=6.6Hz,12H),2.45-2.30(m,12H),1.63-1.49(m,16H),1.62-1.42(m,42H),0.93-0.81(m,9H)。MS(m/z):对于C14H30NaO3,[M+Na]+计算值:817.8;实测值:817.9。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.17(s,2H),2.97(q,J=7.4,6.8Hz,2H),2.94-2.79(m,4H),2.63(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.43(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.85-1.73(m,2H),1.73-1.56(m,4H),1.47(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.31-1.19(m,54H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.4Hz,3H),3.15(s,2H),2.96(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.92-2.80(m,4H),2.59(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.41(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.27(t,J=7.6Hz,6H),1.78(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.71-1.37(m,24H),1.35-1.18(m,42H),0.86(t,J=7.6Hz,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.11(t,J=6.8Hz,12H),3.16(s,2H),2.95(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.92-2.79(m,4H),2.60(br.s,2H),2.43(br s,2H),1.83-1.73(m,2H),1.71-1.62(m,16H),1.54-1.17(m,56H),0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.66(q,J=5.2Hz,3H),3.65-3.47(m,6H),3.43-3.35(m,6H),3.16(s,2H),2.96(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.92-2.75(m,4H),2.60(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.42(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.77(q,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.73-1.61(m,4H),1.60-1.53(m,12H),1.51-1.17(m,41H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(s,6H),3.51(t,J=6.3Hz,12H),3.16(s,2H),2.96(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.91-2.86(m,4H),2.62(br s,2H),2.44(t,J=6.0H,2H),1.84-1.74(m,2H),1.72-1.52(m,16H),1.51-1.18(m,32H),0.98-0.81(m,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.83(p,J=6.0Hz,3H),2.88(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.74(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),2.71-2.64(m,2H),2.63-2.41(m,6H),2.31(t,J=7.6Hz,6H),1.82(br s,2H),1.71-1.43(m,22H),1.39-1.05(m,44H),0.91-0.87m,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.14(t,J=6.8Hz,12H),2.87(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.76-2.61(m,4H),2.54-2.46(m,8H),1.79-1.55(m,16H),1.54-1.17(m,60H),0.90(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(q,J=5.6Hz,3H),3.57-3.49(m,6H),3.41-3.53(m,6H),2.84(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.70-2.61m,4H),2.51-2.40(m,8H),1.70(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.57-1.51(m,14H),1.47-1.24(m,43H),0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ2.80-2.73(m,4H),2.71-2.62(m,2H),2.62-2.38(m,8H),1.89-1.82(m,4H),1.60(dt,J=13.8,9.0Hz,2H),1.53-1.36(m,4H),1.32-1.17(m,54H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.3Hz,3H),2.78-2.71(m,4H),2.70-2.61(m,2H),2.61-2.35(m,8H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.86-1.70(m,4H),1.66-1.36(m,24H),1.36-1.18(m,42H),0.95-0.78(m,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ2.91-2.64(m,6H),2.59-2.38(m,6H),2.25(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.80-1.69(m,2H),1.69-1.58(m,4H),1.58-1.49(m,2H),1.47-1.39(m,4H),1.33-1.17(m,54H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.81(p,J=6.4Hz,3H),2.84-2.64m,6H),2.58-2.41(m,6H),2.31-2.20(m,8H),1.80-1.69(m,2H),1.69-1.36(m,28H),1.36-1.08(m,42H),0.88-0.84(m,18H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.81(ddd,J=12.4,6.8,5.5Hz,3H),2.72(d,J=8.6Hz,6H),2.45(q,J=9.5,7.8Hz,6H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),2.21(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.72(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.68-1.42(m,26H),1.42-1.16(m,46H),0.93-0.80(m,18H)。MS(m/z):对于C60H117N2O8,[M+H]+计算值:993.8805;实测值:993.8782。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.10(t,J=6.8Hz,12H),2.78-2.58(m,6H),2.49(p,J=6.8Hz,6H),2.20(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.76-1.56(m,J=8.5,7.7Hz,16H),1.55-1.46(m,6H),1.45-1.22(m,56H),0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(q,J=5.6Hz,3H),3.62-3.49(m,6H),3.45-3.31(m,6H),2.79-2.56(m,6H),2.51-2.36(m,6H),2.20(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.71(br s,2H),1.66-1.40(m,22H),1.40-1.17(m,41H),0.88(t,J=6.4Hz,9H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.64(s,6H),3.50(t,J=6.8Hz,12H),2.70-2.58(m,6H),2.58-2.39(m,6H),2.20(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.71(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.65-1.41(m,22H),1.39-1.24(m,32H),0.89-0.86(m,9H)。
用于合成醇9-R的一般程序。
向胺8(24.3mg,0.15mmol,1.0当量)和醛(0.39mmol,2.6当量)于THF中的溶液中一次性添加NaBH(OAc)3。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌12h。在减压下经由旋转蒸发除去THF。将残余物溶解于20mL DCM中并用10mL饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤两次。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤溶液并在减压下除去溶剂。将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(0%-100%于二氯甲烷中的Ultra)纯化,得到相应产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ3.60(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),2.65-2.48(m,6H),2.52-2.48(m,2H),2.41-2.37(m,4H),1.61(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.51-1.34(m,4H),1.40 -1.19(m,36H),0.87(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.80(p,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.60(t,J=5.1Hz,4H),2.60(q,J=6.0,5.1Hz,6H),2.51(q,J=5.8,4.9Hz,2H),2.47-2.34(m,4H),2.27(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.65-1.37(m,18H),1.32-1.20(m,28H),0.89-0.83(m,12H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.13(t,J=6.8Hz,8H),3.64(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),2.70-2.61(m,6H),2.58-2.52(m,2H),2.51-2.39(m,4H),1.72-1.62(m,10H),1.53-1.24(m,40H),0.90(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。
1H NMR(300MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.66(q,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.68-3.52(m,8H),3.44-3.36(m,4H),2.78-2.39(m,12H),1.67(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.64-1.49(m,12H),1.40-1.27(m,26H),0.96-0.83(m,6H)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ4.65(s,4H),3.60(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),3.51(t,J=6.8Hz,8H),2.67-2.55(m,6H),2.52(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.44-2.40(m,4H),1.64-1.53(m,10H),1.50-1.41(m,4H),1.40-1.23(m,20H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明的其它明显的和固有的优点将是显而易见的。应当理解,某些特征和子组合是实用的,并且可以在不参考其它特征和子组合的情况下使用。这被权利要求所设想并且在权利要求的范围内。由于在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可以形成许多可能的实施方案,因此应理解,本文阐述或附图中示出的所有内容应解释为说明性的而非限制性的。
所附权利要求书的方法在范围上不受本文所述的具体方法的限制,本文所述的具体方法旨在为权利要求书的几个方面的举例说明,且功能等效的任何方法都意欲落入权利要求书的范围内。除本文示出和描述的修改外,方法的各种修改旨在落入所附权利要求书的范围内。此外,尽管仅仅具体地描述了本文公开的某些代表性方法步骤,但方法步骤的其它组合也均意欲落在所附权利要求书的范围内,即使没有被具体地叙述也是如此。因此,本文中可能明确或不太明确地提到了步骤、元件、部件或组成部分的组合,然而,步骤、元件、部件和组成部分的其他组合也被包括在内,即使未被明确地陈述。
Claims (76)
1.一种包含由式I或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R10为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R11为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为并且
条件是,当R10为—C5H10—并且R11为—C3H6—时,则R12、R13和R14不都为
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中R11为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的组合物,其中R11为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组合物,其中R11为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的组合物,其中R11为未经取代的C3烷基。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物由式I-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中R10为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物由式I-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中n为1至5的整数。
9.一种包含由式I-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R10为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中R10为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
11.一种包含由式I-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
n为1至4的整数;并且
R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
12.如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
13.如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
14.如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。
15.如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
16.如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。
17.如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的组合物,其中R12、R13和R14各自相同。
18.一种包含由式I-C或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中n为1至4的整数。
19.如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
20.如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
21.如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
22.如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
23.如权利要求1-22中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
24.一种包含由式II或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R15为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R16为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基;
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为并且
条件是,当R15为—C5H10—并且R16为—C3H6—时,则R17、R18和R19不都为
25.如权利要求24所述的组合物,其中R16为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
26.如权利要求24或权利要求25所述的组合物,其中R16为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。
27.如权利要求24-26中任一项所述的组合物,其中R16为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
28.如权利要求24-27中任一项所述的组合物,其中R16为未经取代的C3烷基。
29.如权利要求24-28中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物由式II-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
30.如权利要求24-29中任一项所述的组合物,其中R15为未经取代的C1-C5烷基。
31.如权利要求24-30中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物由式II-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义:
其中m为1至5的整数。
32.一种包含由式II-A或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R15为经取代的C1-C5烷基或未经取代的C1-C4烷基;并且
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
33.如权利要求32所述的组合物,其中R15为未经取代的C1-C4烷基。
34.一种包含由式II-B或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
m为1至4的整数;并且
R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
35.如权利要求24-34中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
36.如权利要求24-35中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
37.如权利要求24-36中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。
38.如权利要求24-37中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
39.如权利要求24-38中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。
40.如权利要求24-39中任一项所述的组合物,其中R17、R18和R19相同。
41.如权利要求24-40中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
42.如权利要求24-41中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
43.如权利要求24-42中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
44.如权利要求24-43中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
45.一种包含由式III或其药学上可接受的盐定义的化合物的组合物:
其中
R20为经取代的或未经取代的C1-C5烷基;并且
R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C6-C20烷基。
46.如权利要求45所述的组合物,其中R20为经取代的或未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
47.如权利要求45或权利要求46所述的组合物,其中R20为经取代的或未经取代的C3烷基。
48.如权利要求45-47中任一项所述的组合物,其中R20为未经取代的C2-C4烷基。
49.如权利要求45-48中任一项所述的组合物,其中R20为未经取代的C3烷基。
50.如权利要求45-49中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物由式III-A:
或其药学上可接受的盐定义。
51.如权利要求45-50中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22各自独立地为经取代的或未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
52.如权利要求45-51中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的未经取代的C10-C18烷基。
53.如权利要求45-52中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22各自独立地为直链或经支化的经取代的C10-C18烷基。
54.如权利要求45-53中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22各自独立地为被一个或多个选自由以下组成的组的取代基取代的直链或经支化的C10-C18烷基:酯、醚、缩醛、碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯。
55.如权利要求45-54中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22独立地选自由以下组成的组:
以及其药学上可接受的盐。
56.如权利要求45-55中任一项所述的组合物,其中R21和R22相同。
57.如权利要求45-56中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
58.如权利要求45-57中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述化合物选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
59.一种包含选自由以下组成的组的化合物的组合物:
其药学上可接受的盐以及它们的组合。
60.一种制备权利要求1-59中任一项所述的组合物的方法。
61.一种脂质颗粒,所述脂质颗粒包含权利要求1-59中任一项所述的组合物。
62.如权利要求61所述的脂质颗粒,其中所述脂质颗粒的形状基本上为球形。
63.如权利要求61或权利要求62所述的脂质颗粒,其中所述脂质颗粒具有30纳米(nm)至800nm的平均颗粒尺寸。
64.如权利要求61-63中任一项所述的脂质颗粒,其中所述脂质颗粒具有0.5或更小的多分散性指数。
65.如权利要求61-64中任一项所述的脂质颗粒,其中所述脂质颗粒进一步包含额外的组分。
66.如权利要求65所述的脂质颗粒,其中所述额外的组分包括额外的脂质。
67.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含包封在权利要求61-66中任一项所述的脂质颗粒内的治疗剂。
68.如权利要求67所述的药物组合物,其中所述治疗剂以30%或更高的包封效率包封在所述脂质颗粒内。
69.如权利要求67或权利要求68所述的药物组合物,其中所述治疗剂包括抗癌剂、抗炎剂、抗微生物剂或它们的组合。
70.如权利要求67-69中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述治疗剂包含病毒抗原、肿瘤抗原、基因编辑组分、蛋白质替代组分、免疫调控剂或它们的组合。
71.如权利要求67-70中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述治疗剂包括化学治疗剂、免疫治疗剂或它们的组合。
72.如权利要求67-71中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述治疗剂包含核酸。
73.如权利要求72所述的药物组合物,其中所述核酸是mRNA。
74.一种制备权利要求67-73中任一项所述的药物组合物的方法。
75.一种治疗有需要的受试者的疾病的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的权利要求67-73中任一项所述的药物组合物。
76.一种压制受试者的肿瘤生长的方法,所述方法包括使所述肿瘤的至少一部分与治疗有效量的权利要求67-73中任一项所述的药物组合物接触。
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