CN118330173A - Lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the environment of sediment in a lake dredging project, which relates to the technical field of environmental evaluation and comprises the steps of systematically sampling the sediment in the lake and testing the types and the contents of pollutants in the sediment; performing surface layer sediment pollution release analysis; simulating the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes; predicting the influence degree of dredging engineering on the lake water quality according to the pollutant types and release amount in the sediment, and evaluating the potential influence of water quality change on the lake ecological system; comprehensively analyzing ecological risks and health risks of sediment pollutants, and evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of a nearby area; and according to the evaluation result, providing pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, and making a substrate sludge harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme. The invention controls the environmental risk from the source, the process and the tail end in an all-round way, realizes the coordination and unification of the sediment dredging engineering and the environmental protection, and achieves the aims of preventing pollution and restoring ecology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental assessment, in particular to a method for assessing the environment of sediment in a lake dredging project.
Background
Lakes are one of the important ecosystems, and in the course of urban and industrial processes, lakes are subject to various contaminations from human activities, including pollutants in the substrate sludge. Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted on the problem of lake sediment pollution and a number of sediment dredging engineering methods and techniques have been developed.
However, the existing engineering method for dredging the bottom mud of the lake has some defects to a certain extent. Firstly, the traditional sediment dredging engineering method often lacks of systematic sampling and testing of the types and contents of pollutants in the sediment, and cannot accurately evaluate the influence of the sediment on the water body and the ecological system. Secondly, the prior art often ignores the release and migration rules of pollutants in the sediment, so that the pollutants in the sediment can be released into the water again after dredging engineering is implemented, and secondary pollution is caused. In addition, the prior art often lacks a method for comprehensively evaluating the influence of the dredging engineering emissions on the surrounding environment, and cannot effectively evaluate the environmental risk and the ecological risk of the dredging engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is provided in view of the problems existing in the existing engineering method for dredging the lake sediment.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging engineering, which not only can accurately evaluate the influence degree of the dredging engineering on the water quality of the lake, but also can comprehensively analyze the ecological risk and the health risk of the sludge pollutant.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating an environment of a sludge in a lake dredging project, which includes performing systematic sampling on the lake sludge, and testing types and contents of pollutants in the sludge; performing surface layer sediment pollution release analysis; establishing a mathematical model, and simulating the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes; according to the types and the release amount of pollutants in the bottom mud and by combining with the hydrologic characteristics of the lake, predicting the influence degree of dredging engineering on the lake water quality, and evaluating the potential influence of water quality change on the lake ecosystem; comprehensively analyzing ecological risks and health risks of sediment pollutants, and evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of a nearby area; and according to the evaluation result, providing pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, and making a substrate sludge harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: the sampling comprises vertical profile sampling and horizontal distribution sampling; the vertical section sampling comprises the steps of using a non-disturbance gravity sampler or a leaf cylinder sampler to obtain a bottom mud complete vertical section sample; segmenting the collected sediment at a segmentation interval d 0 according to a set depth, and analyzing the concentration change of pollutants at different depths; physical and chemical property tests are carried out on the bottom mud of different depth sections; the horizontal distribution sampling comprises setting a plurality of sampling points according to the area and the shape of the lake to cover the whole lake area; collecting surface layer bottom mud d 1 at each sampling point, uniformly mixing, and taking the mixture as a representative sample of the sampling point; testing the concentration of pollutants in the sediment at each point and analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics; where d 0 and d 1 are constants.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: the surface layer sediment pollution release analysis comprises the following steps: adopting a disturbance experiment or a simulation experiment to evaluate the release potential of pollutants in the sediment to upward cover water in the dredging process; and establishing a mathematical model to simulate the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: in order to describe the migration and diffusion process of pollutants in lakes, a source and sink term is introduced, the continuous release of the pollutants caused by sediment disturbance is simulated, and a pollutant diffusion equation is established, wherein the formula is as follows:
Wherein, C 0 is the initial concentration, (x s,ys,zs) is the space coordinate of the pollutant, D x,Dy,Dz is the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients of the pollutant in the lake, t is the time, S (t) is the pollutant release degree caused by the disturbance of the mud bottom, and gamma is the time scale of the release process.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: solving the contaminant diffusion equation includes the steps of: given an initial condition, i.e., a concentration profile at t=0; discretizing the pollutant diffusion equation in time and space:
Wherein, The contaminant concentration for the next time step; For the contaminant concentration of the current time step, Δx is the horizontal resolution of the spatial grid; Δy is the vertical resolution of the spatial grid; t 0 is the current time step number; n is the number of pollution sources; m is the number of pollutant adsorption coefficients; p i is the contribution of the ith pollution source; q j is the jth pollutant adsorption coefficient; after the discretization, the original equation is converted into an algebraic equation set.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: the method for predicting the influence degree of dredging engineering on the lake water quality and evaluating the potential influence of the water quality change on the lake ecosystem comprises the following steps: performing impact assessment of plankton, submerged vegetation and fish and shellfish; constructing an ecological risk evaluation model, and introducing the ecological toxicity data of various pollutants; the ecological risk evaluation model is as follows:
Wherein, R is a biological risk index, W i is the weight of the ith pollutant, T i is the ecotoxicity data of the ith pollutant, F i is the influence degree of the jth key risk factor, and G E is the recovery capacity of the ecosystem under different conditions; h is ecological risk level weight; s is a ecological risk level.
As a preferable scheme of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method, the invention comprises the following steps: the method for evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of the nearby area comprises the following steps: calculating a risk index by adopting an ecological risk evaluation model according to the concentration of various pollutants in the sediment, and determining key risk pollutants and the influence of the key risk pollutants on the sensitive biological population; collecting exposure coefficients of nearby residents, estimating health reference doses of various pollutants, applying a health risk evaluation model, and calculating a risk level; the health risk evaluation model is as follows:
Where risk is the health risk level, E i represents the exposure coefficient of the ith exposure pathway, D i represents the concentration of each type of contaminant in the ith exposure pathway, R j represents the healthy reference dose of the jth contaminant, k is the number of exposure pathways, and v is the number of contaminant species; and according to a pollutant diffusion equation, predicting the air diffusion range of pollutants and the emission direction of bottom mud in dredging operation and the pollution influence of the bottom mud on nearby water bodies and soil.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, wherein: the computer program when executed by a processor implements any step of the method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging engineering according to the first aspect of the invention.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein: the computer program when executed by a processor implements any step of the method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging engineering according to the first aspect of the invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the migration and diffusion process of the pollutants in different environment media can be simulated by predicting the air diffusion range of the pollutants and the emission direction of the bottom mud and the pollution influence of the bottom mud on nearby water bodies and soil in dredging operation according to the pollutant diffusion equation, and technical support is provided for environmental monitoring and pollution control; by comprehensively analyzing the ecological risk and the health risk of the sediment pollutants, the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of the nearby area is evaluated, so that the environmental risk factors can be comprehensively identified, and a system solution is provided for risk management and control; the invention provides pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, establishes a harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme of the sediment, can control environmental risks from the source, the process and the tail end in an all-around manner, realizes coordination and unification of the sediment dredging engineering and environmental protection, and achieves the purposes of preventing pollution and restoring ecology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging process in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing total nitrogen content of 3 section columnar bottom mud of a lake in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing total phosphorus content of 3 section columnar sediment of a lake in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing total nitrogen concentration released from the surface sludge in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating the environment of sludge in a lake dredging process, which includes the following steps:
S1: and (3) systematically sampling the lake sediment, and testing the types and the contents of pollutants in the sediment.
Wherein the sampling includes vertical profile sampling and horizontal profile sampling.
Further, the vertical section sampling comprises the steps of using a non-disturbance gravity sampler or a leaf cylinder sampler and other devices to obtain a complete vertical section sample of the sediment; segmenting the collected sediment at segmentation intervals (such as 5 cm) according to a set depth, and analyzing the concentration change of pollutants at different depths; physical and chemical property tests are carried out on the sediment of different depth sections, such as granularity composition, organic matter content, pH value and the like, and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the sediment of 3 section columnar samples of a certain lake are collected as shown in figures 2 and 3.
The horizontal distribution sampling comprises setting a plurality of sampling points according to the area and the shape of the lake to cover the whole lake area; collecting surface layer bottom mud (such as 0-20 cm) at each sampling point, and uniformly mixing to obtain a point representative sample; and testing the concentration of pollutants such as heavy metals, organic matters, nutritive salts and the like in the sediment at each point, and analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics.
S2: and (5) performing surface layer sediment pollution release analysis.
S2.1: and (5) evaluating the release potential of pollutants in the sediment to water by adopting a disturbance experiment or a simulation experiment.
S2.1.1: under laboratory conditions, the collected sediment sample is subjected to manual disturbance, the concentration change of pollutants in overlying water before and after disturbance is measured, the release amount is calculated, and the influence of different disturbance modes (stirring, oscillation and the like) and degrees is simulated.
S2.1.2: a small simulation pool or a columnar device is adopted to fill the sediment with a certain thickness, and an agitator or other equipment is used to simulate the actual dredging operation of the sediment so as to monitor the dynamic change of the concentration of the pollutant in the overlying water in the test process.
As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the total phosphorus of the surface sludge of the 3 monitoring sections has consistency (3-5) in the case of static release. The total phosphorus concentration in the water covered on the gate is firstly reduced and then increased, the water covered on the gate tends to be stable after 5 days, the concentration of the water covered on the gate reaches 0.57mg in 0-5 days, and the net increment is 0.37mg/L; day 5-6 tended to stabilize at 0.58mg. The experimental release rate was 1.75mg (m 2d)-1. Total phosphorus concentration in the water over the bridge was 2 peaks, peaks appeared on both day 5 and day 6, the 6-10 days tended to stabilize at 0.57mg/L, the net increment was 0.57mg/L, the experimental release rate was 1.30mg (m 2d)-1. Total phosphorus concentration in the water over the gate rose slowly on day 10, the maximum value was 0.47mg/L on day 2, then tended to stabilize at 0.44mg/L, the experimental release rate was 1.23mg (m) 2d)-1.
S2.1.3: the influence of different physicochemical conditions (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and the like) on the release of pollutants is analyzed, the influence of physical and chemical properties such as organic matters, granularity and the like in the sediment on the release is evaluated, and the influence of engineering parameters such as disturbance intensity, time and the like on the release is analyzed.
S2.2: and establishing a mathematical model to simulate the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes.
And (3) establishing a pollutant diffusion equation, describing migration and diffusion processes in the lake, introducing a source and sink term, simulating continuous release of pollutants caused by sediment disturbance, and considering influence of a flow field, lake flow, lake bottom topography and the like on the diffusion and migration process.
Preferably, the contaminant diffusion equation is as follows:
Wherein, C 0 is the initial concentration, (x s,ys,zs) is the space coordinate of the pollutant, D x,Dy,Dz is the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients of the pollutant in the lake, t is the time, S (t) is the pollutant release degree caused by the disturbance of the mud bottom, and gamma is the time scale of the release process.
Different dredging modes (trailing suction hopper, excavator, etc.) and operation ranges are simulated, the influence of factors such as engineering duration time, partition stage, etc. on release is considered, and the working condition combinations of different lake hydrologic situations (flow, wind field, etc.) are set.
And solving a pollutant diffusion equation, simulating the concentration space-time distribution of pollutants under various working conditions, and predicting the maximum concentration value and the influence range of different pollutants in the overlying water and the downstream water.
Specifically, given an initial condition, i.e., a concentration distribution at t=0; discretizing the pollutant diffusion equation in time and space:
Wherein, The contaminant concentration for the next time step; for the contaminant concentration of the current time step, Δx is the horizontal resolution of the spatial grid; Δy is the vertical resolution of the spatial grid; t 0 is the current time step number; n is the number of pollution sources; m is the number of pollutant adsorption coefficients; p i is the contribution of the ith pollution source; q j is the jth pollutant adsorption coefficient.
After the discretization, the original equation is converted into an algebraic equation set.
Setting critical concentration of different pollutants according to water quality standardWhen predicting concentration And if the influence is judged to be unacceptable, taking treatment measures.
And (3) arranging on-line monitoring points in the key area, and monitoring the concentration change of the pollutants in real time.
Difference between predicted result and monitored resultThe model is considered to have acceptable accuracy.
S3: according to the types and the release amount of pollutants in the bottom mud and by combining with the hydrologic characteristics of the lake, the influence degree of dredging engineering on the water quality of the lake is predicted, and the potential influence of the water quality change on the ecological system of the lake, such as aquatic organisms, plankton and the like, is evaluated.
S3.1: and (5) performing impact assessment of plankton, submerged vegetation and fish and shellfish.
Plankton impact assessment, including observing fluctuations in algal biomass based on simulated changes in nutrient salt concentration, taking into account toxic effects of heavy metal and other pollutants on plankton and zooplankton.
The submerged vegetation influence assessment comprises simulating the changes of suspended matters and optical characteristics of a water body and observing the influence of the water quality changes on the growth and distribution of submerged plants.
Fish and shellfish impact assessment, including analysis of heavy metals and persistent organic contaminant enrichment in the food chain, to assess the extent and extent of impact on economic fish and rare species.
S3.2: and constructing an ecological risk evaluation model, and introducing the ecological toxicity data of various pollutants.
And calculating a risk index, determining an ecological risk level and a key risk factor, analyzing the influence degree and duration, and evaluating the restoration capacity of an ecological system.
Preferably, the ecological risk assessment model is as follows:
Wherein, R is a biological risk index, W i is the weight of the ith pollutant, T i is the ecotoxicity data of the ith pollutant, F i is the influence degree of the jth key risk factor, and G E is the recovery capacity of the ecosystem under different conditions; h is ecological risk level weight; s is a ecological risk level.
S4: and comprehensively analyzing the ecological risk and the health risk of the sediment pollutants, and evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of the nearby area.
S4.1: and calculating a risk index by adopting an ecological risk evaluation model according to the concentration of various pollutants in the sediment, and determining key risk pollutants and the influence of the key risk pollutants on the sensitive biological population.
Considering the biological enrichment effect, predicting the transfer and amplification effect of pollutants in a food chain, and evaluating the overall risk level of an ecological system by combining the bearing capacity of the ecological system of a lake, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
a single risk index for each contaminant was calculated:
Ri＝Wi.Ci
wherein, C i is the concentration of various pollutants.
Screening pollutant types with risk indexes higher than the average value according to the sizes of R i; simulating the transfer and accumulation of contaminant concentrations in each nutrient stage of the food web taking into account the biological enrichment and biological amplification of contaminants in the food chain; and combining the type, structure, function and recovery capability of the local lake ecosystem, and determining the overall risk level of the ecosystem according to the value of the comprehensive risk index R.
And comparing and analyzing the evaluation result with the historical data, analyzing reasons, providing suggested measures such as repairing, pollution source treatment and the like for high-risk areas, controlling the total amount of key pollutants, and reducing ecological risks from the sources.
S4.2: and collecting exposure coefficients of nearby residents, including exposure approaches such as drinking water, fishery gains and the like, estimating health reference doses of various pollutants, and calculating a risk level by applying a health risk evaluation model.
Preferably, the health risk assessment model is as follows:
Where risk is the health risk level, E i represents the exposure coefficient of the ith exposure pathway, D i represents the concentration of each type of contaminant in the ith exposure pathway, R j represents the healthy reference dose of the jth contaminant, k is the number of exposure pathways, and v is the number of contaminant species.
Preferably, the exposure factor E i must be such that: e i is not less than 1, and sigma E i is not more than 1, the exposure path is mathematical, and subjective speculation is avoided.
S4.3: and according to a pollutant diffusion equation, predicting the air diffusion range of pollutants and the emission direction of bottom mud in dredging operation and the pollution influence of the bottom mud on nearby water bodies and soil.
S5: and according to the evaluation result, providing pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, and making a substrate sludge harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme.
The scheme is as follows: optimizing an operation mode, reducing disturbance intensity and controlling the release amount of pollutants; setting isolation facilities such as cofferdams, trash ropes and the like, and limiting the diffusion range of pollutants; adding chemical agents to solidify or oxidize pollutants, so as to reduce the bioavailability; setting up a monitoring scheme, setting multi-medium monitoring points such as water quality, substrate, biology, atmosphere and the like, implementing dynamic on-line monitoring during operation, and timely finding out abnormality and early warning; and selecting a proper bottom mud drying mode, such as filter pressing, centrifugation, natural air drying and the like, and preparing ecological matrixes or organic fertilizers from the bottom mud with qualified components.
The embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the situation of the method for evaluating the environment of the sediment of the lake dredging engineering, and comprises the following steps: a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing computer executable instructions, and the processor is used for executing the computer executable instructions to realize the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method according to the embodiment.
The computer device may be a terminal comprising a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and input means connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless mode can be realized through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
The embodiment also provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the method for implementing the sludge environment assessment of the lake dredging engineering as proposed in the above embodiment; the storage medium may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or nonvolatile Memory devices, such as static random access Memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM), electrically erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ-Only Memory, EEPROM), erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM), programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic Memory, flash Memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.
In conclusion, the invention predicts the air diffusion range of the pollutant and the emission direction of the bottom mud and the pollution influence of the bottom mud on nearby water bodies and soil during dredging operation according to the pollutant diffusion equation, can simulate the migration and diffusion process of the pollutant in different environment media, and provides technical support for environment monitoring and pollution control; by comprehensively analyzing the ecological risk and the health risk of the sediment pollutants, the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of the nearby area is evaluated, so that the environmental risk factors can be comprehensively identified, and a system solution is provided for risk management and control; the invention provides pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, establishes a harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme of the sediment, can control environmental risks from the source, the process and the tail end in an all-around manner, realizes coordination and unification of the sediment dredging engineering and environmental protection, and achieves the purposes of preventing pollution and restoring ecology.
Example 2
Referring to table 1, for the second embodiment of the present invention, comparative data of the lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method and the prior art are provided for further verifying the advancement of the present invention.
And selecting a certain lake as a research object, determining a sampling point layout scheme, and carrying out vertical section sampling and horizontal distribution sampling to obtain a sediment sample.
Carrying out physical and chemical property tests on the collected sediment sample, such as granularity, organic matter content, heavy metal content and the like, and establishing a database; carrying out disturbance release experiments, testing the release conditions of pollutants under different working conditions, establishing the mathematical model, simulating the diffusion and migration process of the pollutants in a lake, evaluating the influence of water quality change on an ecological system, and constructing an ecological risk model, wherein the comparison with the prior art is as follows:
TABLE 1 comparison of the invention with the prior art
By comparing the data of the examples, the maximum release concentration of the method is only 0.6mg/L, which is obviously lower than that of the prior art, and the release amount is controlled at a lower level; the influence range of the invention is 2 square kilometers, which is more than half smaller than the prior art, and the pollution diffusion is well controlled; the ecological risk assessment result of the invention is low risk level, the environmental impact is less, the recovery capacity of the ecological system is strong, the health risk index is lower than 1, and the harm to human health is less; most importantly, the pollution influence duration of the invention is only 30 days, which is far less than that of the prior art, and the environment recoverability is good.
In conclusion, the method effectively controls the release and diffusion of the sludge pollutants by optimizing the process flow, establishing the mathematical model, making monitoring and early warning measures and the like, reduces the ecological risks and the health risks to the minimum, achieves better environmental benefits, and has remarkable innovation and practical value.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
Sampling the lake sediment systematically, and testing the types and the contents of pollutants in the sediment;
performing surface layer sediment pollution release analysis;
Establishing a mathematical model, and simulating the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes;
according to the types and the release amount of pollutants in the bottom mud and by combining with the hydrologic characteristics of the lake, predicting the influence degree of dredging engineering on the lake water quality, and evaluating the potential influence of water quality change on the lake ecosystem;
comprehensively analyzing ecological risks and health risks of sediment pollutants, and evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of a nearby area;
and according to the evaluation result, providing pollution control and environmental monitoring measures during dredging engineering, and making a substrate sludge harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization scheme.
2. The lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the sampling comprises vertical profile sampling and horizontal distribution sampling;
The vertical section sampling comprises the steps of using a non-disturbance gravity sampler or a leaf cylinder sampler to obtain a bottom mud complete vertical section sample; the collected bottom mud is segmented at intervals according to a set depth, and the concentration change of pollutants at different depths is analyzed; physical and chemical property tests are carried out on the bottom mud of different depth sections;
The horizontal distribution sampling comprises setting a plurality of sampling points according to the area and the shape of the lake to cover the whole lake area; collecting surface layer bottom mud at each sampling point, and uniformly mixing to obtain a representative sample of the sampling point; and testing the concentration of pollutants in the sediment at each point and analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics.
3. The lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method as recited in claim 2, wherein: the surface layer sediment pollution release analysis comprises the following steps:
Adopting a disturbance experiment or a simulation experiment to evaluate the release potential of pollutants in the sediment to upward cover water in the dredging process;
And establishing a mathematical model to simulate the release amount and migration range of pollutants in different engineering scenes.
4. The lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method as recited in claim 3, wherein: the establishing of the mathematical model comprises the following steps: in order to describe the migration and diffusion process of pollutants in lakes, a source and sink term is introduced, the continuous release of the pollutants caused by sediment disturbance is simulated, and a pollutant diffusion equation is established, wherein the formula is as follows:
Wherein, C 0 is the initial concentration, (x s,ys,zs) is the space coordinate of the pollutant, D x,Dy,Dz is the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients of the pollutant in the lake, t is the time, S (t) is the pollutant release degree caused by the disturbance of the mud bottom, and gamma is the time scale of the release process.
5. The method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging project as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: solving the contaminant diffusion equation includes the steps of:
Given an initial condition, i.e., a concentration profile at t=0; discretizing the pollutant diffusion equation in time and space:
Wherein, The contaminant concentration for the next time step; For the contaminant concentration of the current time step, Δx is the horizontal resolution of the spatial grid; Δy is the vertical resolution of the spatial grid; t 0 is the current time step number; n is the number of pollution sources; m is the number of pollutant adsorption coefficients; p i is the contribution of the ith pollution source; q j is the jth pollutant adsorption coefficient;
After the discretization, the original equation is converted into an algebraic equation set.
6. The method for evaluating the environment of the sludge of the lake dredging project as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for predicting the influence degree of dredging engineering on the lake water quality and evaluating the potential influence of the water quality change on the lake ecosystem comprises the following steps:
performing impact assessment of plankton, submerged vegetation and fish and shellfish;
constructing an ecological risk evaluation model, and introducing the ecological toxicity data of various pollutants;
The ecological risk evaluation model is as follows:
Wherein, R is a biological risk index, W i is the weight of the ith pollutant, T i is the ecotoxicity data of the ith pollutant, F i is the influence degree of the jth key risk factor, and G E is the recovery capacity of the ecosystem under different conditions; h is ecological risk level weight; s is a ecological risk level.
7. The lake dredging engineering sediment environment assessment method as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the method for evaluating the influence of dredging engineering emissions on the environment of the nearby area comprises the following steps:
Calculating a risk index by adopting an ecological risk evaluation model according to the concentration of various pollutants in the sediment, and determining key risk pollutants and the influence of the key risk pollutants on the sensitive biological population;
collecting exposure coefficients of nearby residents, estimating health reference doses of various pollutants, applying a health risk evaluation model, and calculating a risk level;
the health risk evaluation model is as follows:
Where risk is the health risk level, E i represents the exposure coefficient of the ith exposure pathway, D i represents the concentration of each type of contaminant in the ith exposure pathway, R j represents the healthy reference dose of the jth contaminant, k is the number of exposure pathways, and v is the number of contaminant species;
And according to a pollutant diffusion equation, predicting the air diffusion range of pollutants and the emission direction of bottom mud in dredging operation and the pollution influence of the bottom mud on nearby water bodies and soil.
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118330173A true CN118330173A (en) | 2024-07-12 |
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