CN118318914A - Biological feed capable of removing earthy smell of tilapia cultured in soil pond - Google Patents
Biological feed capable of removing earthy smell of tilapia cultured in soil pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN118318914A CN118318914A CN202410611426.4A CN202410611426A CN118318914A CN 118318914 A CN118318914 A CN 118318914A CN 202410611426 A CN202410611426 A CN 202410611426A CN 118318914 A CN118318914 A CN 118318914A
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- feed
- tilapia
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- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000589323 Methylobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001093963 Ailanthus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N skatole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CNC2=C1 ZFRKQXVRDFCRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-TUAOUCFPSA-N (-)-geosmin Chemical compound C1CCC[C@]2(O)[C@@H](C)CCC[C@]21C JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-TUAOUCFPSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001075 (4R,4aR,8aS)-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-4a-ol Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-geosmin Natural products C1CCCC2(O)C(C)CCCC21C JLPUXFOGCDVKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930001467 geosmin Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940074386 skatole Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000179970 Monarda didyma Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010672 Monarda didyma Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000949476 Toona Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000276703 Oreochromis niloticus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HVTQDSGGHBWVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-phenylmethoxypyrazol-1-yl]-1-morpholin-4-ylethanone Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=NN(C=C1C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NC1CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)CC(=O)N1CCOCC1 HVTQDSGGHBWVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000408736 Methylobacterium aquaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N vitamin D2 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001892 vitamin D2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011653 vitamin D2 Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological feed capable of removing the earthy smell of tilapia cultured in a soil pond, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The biological feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: a fish feed additive and base material. The obtained biological feed has obvious effect on removing the earthy taste in the tilapia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a biological feed for removing the earthy smell of tilapia cultured in a soil pond.
Background
Tilapia is used as an economic fish species, and is popular with people due to low price, compact and delicious meat quality and less thorns, but the earthy smell contained in the tilapia is one of the few defects based on the freshwater fish culture characteristics.
The earthy taste is one of the common disadvantages of freshwater fish, and is mainly derived from Geosmin (GSM) in freshwater bodies. GSM gradually accumulates in the muscles during the life of the fish foraging, resulting in a earthy taste of the fish. GSM is a terpenoid produced and secreted by microorganisms and often causes severe earthy odors in eutrophic aquaculture ponds.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a feed that reduces the earthy taste of tilapia in an aquaculture pond.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a biological feed for removing the earthy smell of tilapia cultured in a soil pond, which comprises a fish feed additive and a base material.
The invention provides a fish feed additive and the component proportion thereof
Preferably, the fish feed additive comprises the following components in parts by mass: the mass part ratio of the bacillus methylobacterium to the bacillus licheniformis to the rhodococcus toona is 1:0.8-1.5:1.4-1.6.
The invention also provides a biological feed and the component proportion thereof.
Preferably, the biological feed comprises a fish feed additive and a base material.
Preferably, the base material comprises cereal flour, vegetable meal, bean pulp, compound vitamins, compound minerals, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and sodium chloride. The mass fraction of the material is as follows: 30-40 parts of cereal flour, 20-22 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin, 0.1-0.2 part of compound mineral substance, 0.4-0.6 part of choline chloride, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.1-0.3 part of sodium chloride.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fish feed additive in the biological feed is 0.08-0.2%
Preferably, the moisture content of the biological feed is less than or equal to 10% after the preparation of the biological feed is completed.
Preferably, after the biological feed is prepared, the biological feed is hermetically packaged by a plastic bag and is stored in a ventilated and cool place.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that; the biological feed is prepared by mixing a fish feed additive and a base material, and the content of the skatole in a tilapia culture environment is reduced by degrading the skatole in a water body by using the bacillus methylobacterium, the bacillus licheniformis and the rhodococcus toona, so that the source of the earthy smell in the tilapia meat is reduced, and the earthy smell in the tilapia meat is reduced.
Experiments show that the biological feed prepared by using the raw materials with the proportion defined by the invention can have the effect of obviously reducing the earthy smell of tilapia.
Detailed Description
For a better illustration of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the technical effects of the present invention, but not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and the methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods unless specifically described otherwise.
The sources of part of raw materials in the invention are as follows:
Methylobacterium (Methylobacterium aquaticum): cargo number: XG-J5574, available from Shanghai Siemens Biotechnology Co.
Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis): cargo number: XY-WSW-2331, available from Shanghai, xuan Biotechnology Co.
Rhodococcus toona (Rhodococcus rhododinii.): cargo number: bio-02176 was purchased from Beijing Bai-Ou Bo Wei Biotechnology Co.
Grain powder: purchased from guangMuxing feed limited in bergamot.
Vegetable meal: purchased from guangMuxing feed limited in bergamot.
Bean pulp: purchased from guangMuxing feed limited in bergamot.
Compound vitamins: purchased from feixi biotechnology limited, guangzhou.
Composite mineral: purchased from feixi biotechnology limited, guangzhou.
Choline chloride: purchased from feixi biotechnology limited, guangzhou.
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: purchased from feixi biotechnology limited, guangzhou.
Sodium chloride: purchased from feixi biotechnology limited, guangzhou.
The fish species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the commercial feed is purchased from Junwei feed factory Co., mirabilitum Crystallina.
The invention provides a fish feed additive composition ratio, which is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The invention provides a feed base material, the component proportion is shown in table 2
TABLE 2
The invention provides a biological feed, the component proportions of which are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
1. The fish feed additive was tested for GSM degradation efficacy.
After the fish feed additive is prepared according to the components of the examples 1-3, the additive is put into 300ng/L of the aqueous solution of the skatole to ensure that the final concentration of the additive is 0.1 percent, after culturing for 36 hours at 28-32 ℃ and 1mg/L dissolved oxygen, taking a water sample, and detecting the concentration of the skatole by using GC-MS, wherein the specific values are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
The results show that the fish feed additive can effectively degrade the concentration of the skatole in water through the examples and the blank control.
Detection of influence of biological feed on weight of tilapia
The culture water body and the underwater sludge in the culture pond are taken to simulate the tilapia culture environment in a laboratory with controllable temperature, humidity, illumination and dissolved oxygen so as to avoid experimental data distortion caused by the problems of seasons, climate, environment and the like.
Seven controllable simulated aquaculture water bodies A1-A7 are respectively arranged, each aquaculture water body is 10 square meters deep and 1.5 meters deep, the sediment is 20-30cm, the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is 4-6mg/L, and 30 tail fish fries of february age are put in each water body. Feeding feed according to the fish mass of 4-6%, feeding for four times a day, after feeding for 30 days, fasting for 24 hours, and measuring the weight to calculate the weight gain rate. The feeds used were examples 7-11 and comparative example 12, and the control group was commercial feed
Weight gain/% = (final average weight-initial average weight)/initial average weight x 100%.
TABLE 5
| Test group | Initial average weight/g | Average weight/g | Rate of weight gain/% |
| Example 7 | 27.24 | 117.45 | 331.17 |
| Example 8 | 26.38 | 125.37 | 375.25 |
| Example 9 | 28.23 | 120.46 | 326.71 |
| Example 10 | 25.17 | 115.38 | 358.40 |
| Example 11 | 26.36 | 120.39 | 356.71 |
| Comparative example 12 | 28.17 | 118.43 | 320.41 |
| Commercial feed | 26.18 | 111.36 | 325.36 |
As can be seen from the results of Table 5, examples 7 to 11 and comparative example 13 have a certain weight gain compared with commercial food, and examples 7 to 11 have slightly advantageous weight gain effects compared with comparative example 13, so that the fish feed additive has an effect of improving the weight gain rate of fish and has a certain advantage over commercial feed on the surface.
3. Test of influence of biological feed on earthy taste content in tilapia
The culture water body and the underwater sludge in the culture pond are taken to simulate the tilapia culture environment in a laboratory with controllable temperature, humidity, illumination and dissolved oxygen so as to avoid experimental data distortion caused by the problems of seasons, climate, environment and the like.
Nine controllable simulated aquaculture water bodies A1-A9 are respectively arranged, each aquaculture water body is 10 square meters deep and 1.5 meters deep, the sediment is 20-30cm, the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount is 1mg/L, and 30 fish fries are put in each aquaculture water body. Feeding feed according to 3-5% of fish mass, four times a day, feeding for 0.5-1h each time, taking out live fish when individual reaches 500 g/tail, and evaluating fish flavor.
The method is characterized in that 30 sensory evaluation personnel are randomly selected to evaluate the earthy taste of the tested fish, 10 fish are selected from each culture water body, each fish is evaluated by 3 different people after being steamed (the fishy smell removing spice such as the onion, ginger and cooking wine is not applicable), each fish is subjected to evaluation by rinsing with clear water before each evaluation sample, each evaluation sample is subjected to one-time grading, the grading is divided into 5 scales according to the earthy taste intensity, wherein 0 represents no detectable earthy taste, 1-represents just detectable earthy taste, 2-represents obvious earthy taste, 3-represents strong earthy taste and 4-represents strong earthy taste. And finally, selecting an average value. The specific values are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
| Test group | 0 Point | 1 Minute | 2 Minutes | 3 Minutes | 4 Minutes | Average value of |
| Example 7 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.20 |
| Example 8 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 |
| Example 9 | 24 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.27 |
| Example 10 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 |
| Example 11 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.20 |
| Comparative example 9 | 2 | 16 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1.33 |
| Comparative example 10 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 1.47 |
| Comparative example 11 | 0 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1.83 |
| Comparative example 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 28 | 3.93 |
The results show that under the condition of the ratio and the process defined by the invention, the earthy taste score in the tilapia is lower than 1, the effect of the embodiment is excellent, and compared with the biological feed without the fish feed additive in comparative example 12, the biological feed with the fish feed additive can effectively reduce the earthy taste in the tilapia meat.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. A fish feed additive comprising methylobacterium and/or bacillus licheniformis and/or rhodococcus ailanthus.
2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the methylobacterium, the bacillus licheniformis and the rhodococcus ailanthus is 1:0.8-1.5:1.4-1.8.
3. A biological feed for removing the earthy smell of tilapia cultured in a pond, which is characterized by comprising the fish feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the addition amount of the fish feed additive is 0.05% -0.2% of the total mass of the biological feed.
4. A biological feed according to claim 3, further comprising a base material containing nutrients required for the growth of tilapia.
5. The biological feed of claim 4, wherein the base material comprises one or more of cereal flour, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, multivitamins, complex minerals, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate.
6. The biological feed according to claim 5, wherein the base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of cereal flour, 20-23 parts of rapeseed meal, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin, 0.1-0.2 part of compound mineral substance, 0.4-0.6 part of choline chloride and 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate.
7. A biological feed according to claim 3, further comprising 0.1 to 0.3 parts by mass of sodium chloride.
8. A biological feed according to claim 3, wherein the tilapia feed contains less than or equal to 10% of water.
9. A biological feed according to claim 3, wherein the feed is stored in a ventilated and cool place by sealing and packaging with a plastic bag.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118318914A true CN118318914A (en) | 2024-07-12 |
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