CN118299093A - Smoke-discharging prevention method and system for radioactive nuclear facility and radioactive nuclear facility - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a smoke prevention and discharge method for a radioactive nuclear facility, which comprises the steps of firstly judging a fire disaster occurrence area when a fire disaster occurs, and if the fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except for a pollution-free area: introducing air flow into the first evacuation channel so as to maintain positive pressure of the first evacuation channel relative to the corridor and the first transition area; and discharging the gas in the corridor and simultaneously introducing air flow into the corridor, so that the negative pressure in the corridor is maintained within a set range. The smoke prevention and removal method for the radioactive nuclear facility has the advantages of simple steps, reliable and reasonable execution flow, and can not only meet the smoke prevention and removal requirements, but also effectively avoid the leakage of radioactive atmosphere. The invention also provides a smoke prevention and removal system of the radioactive nuclear facility and the radioactive nuclear facility.

Description

Smoke-discharging prevention method and system for radioactive nuclear facility and radioactive nuclear facility

Technical Field

The invention particularly relates to a smoke prevention and removal method and system for a radioactive nuclear facility and the radioactive nuclear facility.

Background

Since nuclear facilities such as nuclear fuel post-treatment and radioactive waste disposal contain radioactive airborne pollutants inside, the facilities are generally divided into areas such as a pollution-free area 3 (i.e., white area), a potential radiation area 4 (green area), a medium-low radiation area 5 (orange area), and a high radiation area 6 (red area) with negative pressure rising in sequence according to radiation areas. The air in the orange zone and the red zone is discharged after being filtered efficiently, wherein personnel in the red zone do not enter, and the middle-low radioactivity orange zone is generally only short-term entering of inspection personnel, and the green zone and the white zone are personnel working and operating zones. A transition region (e.g., a first transition region 32 between the contamination free region 3 and the potential radiation region 4) is provided between the regions for ensuring a negative pressure gradient, and a corridor 41 is provided at the potential radiation region 4 for connecting the first transition region 32, the interior of the potential radiation region 4, and a second transition region 42.

The negative pressure gradient is required to be maintained between different radioactive areas through a static barrier and a ventilation dynamic barrier, namely, the pressure difference between different areas is maintained through dynamic containment of a ventilation system, air flows from the pollution-free area 3 to the potential radioactive area 4, flows from the potential radioactive area 4 to the middle-low radioactive area 5, and flows from the middle-low radioactive area 5 to the high-radioactive area 6, so that the air flows in the reverse direction are prevented, the air flows in the low-radioactive pollution area to the high-radioactive pollution area are ensured, the emission and diffusion of radioactive airborne pollutants in the high-radioactive pollution area to the low-pollution area or the outdoor environment are avoided, and the influence on the safety of staff and the public environment is avoided. The air in the radioactive contamination area needs to be efficiently filtered and then discharged.

However, according to the requirements of fire protection design specifications and fire protection facility specifications, a smoke prevention and exhaust system is required to be arranged in order to ensure personnel evacuation and fire fighter access in a fire disaster, but at present, no smoke prevention and exhaust system is specially arranged for the conditions of nuclear facilities, if the nuclear facilities are provided with the smoke prevention and exhaust system according to conventional building requirements, the starting of the smoke prevention and exhaust system can influence internal negative pressure gradient to a radioactive area, so that the sealed containment of airborne pollution is influenced, namely, the direct starting of the smoke prevention and exhaust system in the radioactive area can lead to the direct exhaust of radioactive atmosphere to the outdoor environment, so that the environmental safety is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a smoke prevention and removal method for a radioactive nuclear facility, which has the advantages of simple steps and reliable and reasonable execution flow, can meet the smoke prevention and removal requirements, and can effectively avoid the leakage of radioactive atmosphere. The invention also provides a smoke prevention and removal system of the radioactive nuclear facility and the radioactive nuclear facility.

The invention provides a smoke prevention and removal method for a radioactive nuclear facility, which comprises the following steps of:

Judging the area where the fire occurs when the fire occurs;

If a fire occurs in an area of the radionuclear facility other than the non-contaminated area:

introducing air flow into the first evacuation channel so as to maintain positive pressure of the first evacuation channel relative to the corridor and the first transition area; and

And discharging the gas in the corridor and simultaneously introducing air flow into the corridor, so that the negative pressure in the corridor is maintained within a set range.

Further, the airflow is introduced into the first evacuation channel, which specifically includes:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

according to a fireproof subarea where a fire disaster is located, taking a first evacuation channel of the fireproof subarea and a first evacuation channel of an adjacent fireproof subarea as positions to be blown;

And introducing air flow to the position to be blown.

Further, the discharging of the gas in the corridor and the charging of the gas flow into the corridor comprise:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

according to the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster is located, acquiring a smoke exhaust subarea where the fire disaster is located in a corridor in the fireproof subarea;

taking the smoke exhaust partition and the adjacent smoke exhaust partition as a smoke exhaust position according to the smoke exhaust partition where the fire disaster is;

and discharging the gas at the position to be discharged in the corridor, and simultaneously introducing air flow into the position to be discharged in the corridor.

Further, if a fire occurs in a non-contaminated area of a radionuclear facility: and discharging the gas in the non-polluted area, and simultaneously introducing air flow into the non-polluted area.

The invention also provides a smoke prevention and removal system of the radionuclide facility, which comprises: the air supply smoke prevention unit is used for introducing air flow into the first evacuation channel when a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except the non-polluted area, so that the positive pressure of the first evacuation channel relative to the corridor and the first transition area is maintained; and the ventilation smoke discharging unit is used for discharging air in the corridor when a fire disaster occurs in other areas except for the non-polluted areas of the radioactive nuclear facilities, and simultaneously, introducing air flow into the corridor so as to maintain the negative pressure in the corridor within a set range.

Further, the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radioactive nuclear facility further comprises a second smoke prevention and exhaust system for exhausting gas in the non-polluted area and simultaneously introducing air flow into the non-polluted area when a fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area of the radioactive nuclear facility.

Further, the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radioactive nuclear facility further comprises a judging unit and a control unit, wherein the air supply smoke prevention unit and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit both belong to a first smoke prevention and exhaust system, and the control unit is respectively and electrically connected with the judging unit, the first smoke prevention and exhaust system and the second smoke prevention and exhaust system and is used for starting the first smoke prevention and exhaust system when the judging unit judges that a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except for a pollution-free area so as to control the air supply smoke prevention unit to introduce air flow into the first evacuation channel, so that the positive pressure of the first evacuation channel relative to the corridor and the first transition area is maintained; the ventilation smoke discharging unit is controlled to discharge the air in the corridor and simultaneously air flow is introduced into the corridor, so that the negative pressure in the corridor is maintained in a set range; and when the judging unit judges that the fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area of the radioactive nuclear facility, starting the second smoke prevention and exhaust system to exhaust the gas in the non-polluted area and simultaneously introducing air flow into the non-polluted area.

Further, the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radioactive nuclear facility further comprises a detection unit, the detection unit is used for acquiring fireproof subareas where fires are located, the air supply smoke prevention units are provided with a plurality of air supply smoke prevention units which are respectively arranged in first evacuation channels of all the fireproof subareas in the radioactive nuclear facility, the control unit is further used for controlling the air supply smoke prevention units at the air supply positions to supply air currents to the air supply positions, and the air supply positions are the first evacuation channels of the fireproof subareas where fires are located and the first evacuation channels of the adjacent fireproof subareas.

Further, the detecting unit is further used for further acquiring smoke exhaust partitions where the fire disaster is located in the corridor in the fireproof partition, the smoke exhaust units are multiple, at least one smoke exhaust unit is arranged in each smoke exhaust partition in the corridor of each fireproof partition in the radioactive nuclear facility, the control unit is further used for controlling the smoke exhaust units at the smoke exhaust positions to exhaust gas at the smoke exhaust positions, and simultaneously, air flows are introduced into the smoke exhaust positions to be exhausted, and the smoke exhaust positions to be exhausted are the smoke exhaust partitions where the fire disaster is located and adjacent smoke exhaust partitions.

Further, be equipped with the air intake on the radionuclide facility outer wall, all be equipped with the air outlet on first evacuation passageway and the corridor, air supply smoke protection unit and the unit of discharging fume of taking a breath all include fan, fire prevention valve and governing valve, the fan is connected between air intake and air outlet for induced air and lets in the air outlet from the air intake, the fire prevention valve is connected between fan and air outlet, the governing valve is connected on the fan for adjust the fan amount of wind, the unit of discharging fume of taking a breath still includes the exhaust fan, is used for bleeding in order to discharge the corridor internal gas.

Further, the air supply smoke prevention unit and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit also comprise a shutter structure and a sealing valve, wherein the shutter structure is arranged on the air inlet and used for blocking sand and dust, and the sealing valve is connected between the fan and the air inlet and is opened and closed together with the fan.

The invention also provides a radioactive nuclear facility, which comprises a facility body and the radioactive nuclear facility smoke prevention and exhaust system, wherein the interior of the facility body is divided into a pollution-free area, a potential radiation area, a middle-low radiation area and a high radiation area, the negative pressure of which is sequentially increased, a first transition area is arranged between the pollution-free area and the potential radiation area, a second transition area is arranged between the potential radiation area and the middle-low radiation area, the potential radiation area, the first transition area and the second transition area are communicated through a corridor, a first evacuation channel of the facility body is connected to the first transition area, and an air supply smoke prevention unit and an air exchange smoke exhaust unit of the radioactive nuclear facility smoke prevention and exhaust system are respectively arranged at the first evacuation channel and the corridor.

When a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except for a pollution-free area (white area), such as a red area, an orange area and a green area, the personnel in the orange area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the second transition area, the corridor and the first transition area, and the personnel in the green area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the corridor and the first transition area.

Therefore, according to the smoke prevention and removal method for the radionuclide facilities, air flow is introduced into the first evacuation channel on one hand, so that positive pressure of the first evacuation channel relative to the corridor and the first transition area is maintained, smoke is prevented from entering the first evacuation channel from other areas, and personnel evacuation is prevented from being influenced; and on the other hand, the gas in the corridor is discharged, the smoke in the corridor is pumped away, the personnel can safely reach the first evacuation channel, and meanwhile, the air flow is introduced into the corridor, so that the negative pressure in the corridor is maintained in a set range, the negative pressure gradient of each area in the whole facility is ensured, and substances such as radioactive aerosol are prevented from passing through the corridor from an orange area to reach the external environment due to the disturbance of the negative pressure.

The smoke prevention and exhaust method is not simple smoke prevention and exhaust measures in the conventional building at present, but is specially designed according to the layout structure of the radioactive nuclear facilities, so that the smoke prevention and exhaust effect on the road where people are necessary to evacuate is ensured, meanwhile, the requirement of dynamic sealing and containing of the radioactive nuclear facilities is met through a reasonable air inlet and exhaust mode, the negative pressure gradient among all areas is not damaged, and the leakage of the radioactive atmosphere is effectively avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a smoke prevention and removal system for a radionuclide installation in example 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air supply smoke prevention unit in the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radionuclide installation in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an air supply smoke prevention unit; 11. a blower; 12. a fire protection valve; 13. a regulating valve; 14. an air inlet; 15. an air outlet; 16. a shutter structure; 17. a sealing valve; 18. an air duct; 2. a ventilation smoke exhaust unit; 21. an exhaust fan; 3. a contamination free zone; 31. a first evacuation channel; 32. a first transition zone; 4. a potential emission region; 41. corridor; 42. a second transition zone; 5. a medium-low emission region; 51. an aisle; 6. high emission areas.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent, and the embodiments described in detail, but not necessarily all, in connection with the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, the terms "upper," "lower," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must be provided with a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "configured," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be either fixedly connected or detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Example 1

The smoke prevention and removal method for the radioactive nuclear facility of the embodiment comprises the following steps:

Judging the area where the fire occurs when the fire occurs;

if a fire occurs in an area of the radionuclide installation other than the non-contaminated area 3, as shown in fig. 1:

introducing an air flow into the first evacuation channel 31, thereby maintaining a positive pressure of the first evacuation channel 31 relative to the corridor 41 and the first transition area 32; and

The air in the corridor 41 is discharged, and an air flow is introduced into the corridor 41, so that the negative pressure in the corridor 41 is maintained within a set range.

When a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except for a pollution-free area (white area), such as a red area, an orange area and a green area, the personnel in the orange area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the second transition area, the corridor and the first transition area, and the personnel in the green area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the corridor and the first transition area.

Therefore, in the smoke prevention and removal method of the radionuclide facility of the embodiment, air flow is introduced into the first evacuation channel 31 on one hand, so that positive pressure of the first evacuation channel 31 relative to the corridor 41 and the first transition area 32 is maintained, and smoke cannot enter the first evacuation channel 31 from other areas, so that personnel evacuation is prevented from being influenced; on the other hand, the gas in the corridor 41 is discharged, the smoke in the corridor 41 is pumped away, the personnel can safely reach the first evacuation channel 31, and meanwhile, air flow is introduced into the corridor 41, so that the negative pressure in the corridor 41 is maintained in a set range, the negative pressure gradient of each area in the whole facility is ensured, and substances such as radioactive aerosol and the like are prevented from reaching the external environment from the orange area through the corridor due to the disturbance of the negative pressure.

The smoke prevention and exhaust method is not simple smoke prevention and exhaust measures in the conventional building at present, but is specially designed according to the layout structure of the radioactive nuclear facilities, so that the smoke prevention and exhaust effect on the road where people are necessary to evacuate is ensured, meanwhile, the requirement of dynamic sealing and containing of the radioactive nuclear facilities is met through a reasonable air inlet and exhaust mode, the negative pressure gradient among all areas is not damaged, and the leakage of the radioactive atmosphere is effectively avoided.

In this embodiment, when air flow is introduced into the first evacuation channel 31, the air flow supply amount of the air flow is not lower than the technical standard requirement of the GB51251 building smoke-proof and smoke-exhausting system; the positive pressure value of the first evacuation passage 31 with respect to the adjacent area is set in the range of 40 to 50 Pa. The air quantity sucked when the air in the corridor 41 is discharged is not lower than the technical standard requirement of a GB51251 building smoke-proof and smoke-exhausting system; the air supplementing quantity (namely, air flow is introduced into the corridor 41) is not lower than the technical standard requirement of the GB51251 building smoke prevention and exhaust system; the negative pressure between the corridor 41 and its adjacent area may be referred to EJ/T-938 nuclear fuel reprocessing plant ventilation and air purification design specifications.

In this embodiment, the airflow flowing into the first evacuation channel 31 specifically includes:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

according to the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster is located, taking a first evacuation channel 31 of the fireproof subarea and a first evacuation channel 31 of an adjacent fireproof subarea as a position to be blown;

And introducing air flow to the position to be blown.

That is, when the positive pressure air supply processing is performed on the first evacuation channels 31, not all the first evacuation channels 31 in the building are directly supplied, but the fire area is supplied, and the processing mode is highly targeted, and compared with the case of supplying air to all the stairwells of the whole building, the processing can be performed on the designated positions, the processing effect is good, the processing efficiency is high, and the energy waste can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the air in the corridor 41 is exhausted, and the air flow is introduced into the corridor 41, which specifically includes:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

According to the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster exists, acquiring a smoke exhaust subarea where the fire disaster exists in the corridor 41 in the fireproof subarea;

taking the smoke exhaust partition and the adjacent smoke exhaust partition as a smoke exhaust position according to the smoke exhaust partition where the fire disaster is;

And discharging the gas at the position to be discharged in the corridor 41, and simultaneously introducing the gas flow into the position to be discharged in the corridor 41.

Similarly, when the smoke prevention and exhaust treatment is performed on the corridor 41, smoke is prevented and exhausted not by directly charging and discharging all the corridor 41 areas but by aiming at the area position where the fire disaster is located, the treatment mode has strong pertinence, compared with the case of preventing and exhausting smoke on the whole corridor 41, the smoke prevention and exhaust treatment method has the advantages that the treatment can be performed aiming at the appointed position, the treatment effect is good, the treatment efficiency is high, and the energy waste can be reduced.

In this example, if a fire occurs in the non-contaminated area 3 of the radionuclear apparatus: the gas in the non-contaminated area 3 is discharged while the gas flow is introduced into the non-contaminated area 3. Since the non-contaminated area 3 has no radioactivity, the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust scheme is adopted without affecting the external environment, so that the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust treatment can be directly performed when a fire occurs in the non-contaminated area 3.

Specifically, when the smoke exhaust system of the pollution-free area 3 is started, the corresponding smoke exhaust and air supply system of the pollution-free area 3 is started in a chained manner, the air quantity is not lower than the technical standard requirement of the GB51251 building smoke prevention and exhaust system, the original negative pressure gradient range value is not maintained after the smoke exhaust system is started, and the pressure difference value between the pollution-free area 3 and the adjacent area can refer to the technical standard of the GB51251 building smoke prevention and exhaust system.

Namely, the whole smoke prevention and exhaust measures of the embodiment adopt two sets of alternative schemes, when a fire disaster occurs, the position of the fire disaster is detected and judged firstly, and if the fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area 3 of the radioactive nuclear facility, the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust treatment is directly carried out; if a fire occurs in an area other than the non-contaminated area 3 of the radionuclear facility, the first evacuation passage 31 is subjected to the air-blowing smoke-preventing treatment, and the corridor 41 is subjected to the air-exchanging smoke-discharging treatment.

In this embodiment, the first evacuation channel 31 is an evacuation stair, and the evacuation process specifically includes: when a fire disaster occurs in the pollution-free white space, the normal smoke prevention and exhaust system (namely the first smoke prevention and exhaust system) of the pollution-free white space is started, and workers are evacuated outdoors directly through a second evacuation channel arranged in the white space or evacuated outdoors through a first evacuation channel 31.

When a fire disaster occurs in a potential or radioactive pollution area, the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 of the first evacuation channel 31 of the fire disaster fireproof subarea and the adjacent fireproof subareas is started to provide clean air for the stairwell, so that the first evacuation channel 31 maintains positive pressure relative to the first transition area 32 and the corridor 41, and the positive pressure value is 40-50 Pa; in the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster is located, a smoke exhaust subarea corresponding to the fire disaster in the corridor 41 and ventilation smoke exhaust units 2 arranged in the adjacent smoke exhaust subareas are opened to exhaust smoke in the corridor 41, so that environmental conditions are maintained when people are evacuated, and the people in a potentially polluted green area are evacuated safely to an evacuation stairwell through the corridor 41 and then outdoors; a second transition zone 51 is arranged between the corridor 41 and the corridor 51, and a normal ventilation system in the nuclear facility operates to control air flow and negative pressure between the green zone and the relative orange zone, so that radioactivity is prevented from entering the relatively clean green zone, and fire smoke is isolated; the orange area inspector quickly enters the aisle 51, enters the corridor 41 through the second transition area 51, passes through the evacuation stairs and then out of the door.

The smoke prevention and exhaust method of this embodiment may adopt the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radioactive nuclear facility in embodiment 2, and may set a sand dust and rain prevention shutter structure 16 and a normally closed electric sealing valve at each air inlet position of the nuclear facility. The method belongs to the technical field of ventilation, smoke prevention and exhaust of nuclear facilities, relates to a method suitable for a smoke prevention and exhaust system of a radioactive area, can serve places with radioactive substance nuclear facilities needing smoke prevention and exhaust, and is particularly suitable for nuclear fuel post-treatment plants in northwest windy and sandy areas.

In case of fire, in order to ensure safe evacuation of personnel, the first evacuation channel 31 (i.e. evacuation stairwells may comprise corresponding front chambers, i.e. spaces where the landing platforms are located in front of and behind the stairway) is provided with positive pressure air supply smoke prevention means, so as to prevent smoke intrusion, and the corridor 41 is provided with a smoke evacuation scheme to discharge smoke. The method can ensure the safe evacuation of personnel, simultaneously prevent the pollution and diffusion risk of the radioactive areas, and mainly realize the following functions:

(1) The dynamic containment of the radioactive orange zone and the red zone is considered to be effective, so that the negative pressure gradient damage among the zones is avoided, and the diffusion of radioactive pollutants is avoided;

(2) Smoke prevention schemes are normally arranged in an evacuation stairwell (a first evacuation channel 31) and a front chamber between a pollution-free white area and a green area with potential pollution, so that the evacuation stairwell maintains positive pressure relative to a corridor 41 under fire conditions, smoke is prevented from entering, and a transition room is arranged between the white area and the green area to avoid negative pressure loss between the two areas when a door is opened;

(3) The long-distance green area corridor 41 is provided with a smoke exhausting scheme and a smoke exhausting and air supplementing scheme, smoke in the pavement is discharged, negative pressure between the green area corridor 41 and the orange area transition is maintained, negative pressure gradient damage is avoided, and pollutants are prevented from diffusing from the orange area to the green area corridor 41.

(4) Maintaining the airflow between the transition of the green zone and the orange zone to the orange zone walkway, and maintaining the ventilation system and dynamic seal. The middle-low radioactive orange zone is not provided with a smoke prevention and exhaust system, so that pollutants are prevented from being exhausted to the outdoor environment through the smoke prevention and exhaust system.

(5) For nuclear facilities in northwest sandy areas, the smoke prevention system is communicated with the outdoor environment, the inside of the facility is in a negative pressure working condition, and in sandy weather, the sandy wind is prevented from entering the nuclear facilities by arranging an air inlet sandproof shutter structure, a normally closed electric closed valve and the like, so that radioactive aerosol or dust is avoided.

When a fire disaster occurs, the system is automatically started to operate, the fire disaster can be comprehensively detected by adopting modes such as smoke detection and fire disaster alarm, the reliable and safe evacuation environment of the corridor 41 and stairs is kept, the safe evacuation of staff is ensured, a channel is provided for firefighters to enter the fire extinguishing system, and meanwhile, radioactivity is prevented from entering a relatively clean area.

Example 2

The smoke prevention and removal system for a radionuclide installation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes:

An air supply smoke prevention unit 1 (i.e., a smoke prevention system of an evacuation stairwell) for supplying an air flow into the first evacuation channel 31 when a fire occurs in other areas of the radionuclide facility except the non-polluted area 3, thereby maintaining a positive pressure of the first evacuation channel 31 with respect to the corridor 41 and the first transition area 32;

the ventilation and smoke exhaust unit 2 (i.e., smoke exhaust system and smoke exhaust and air supply system of the corridor) is configured to exhaust the air in the corridor 41 and to supply the air flow into the corridor 41 when a fire occurs in other areas of the radionuclide facilities than the non-polluted area 3, thereby maintaining the negative pressure in the corridor 41 within a predetermined range.

When a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except for a pollution-free area (white area), such as a red area, an orange area and a green area, the personnel in the orange area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the second transition area, the corridor and the first transition area, and the personnel in the green area are evacuated by the first evacuation channel after sequentially passing through the corridor and the first transition area.

Therefore, in the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radionuclide facility in this embodiment, on one hand, the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 is adopted to introduce air flow into the first evacuation channel 31, so as to maintain positive pressure of the first evacuation channel 31 relative to the corridor 41 and the first transition area 32, thereby ensuring that smoke cannot enter the first evacuation channel 41 from other areas, and avoiding affecting personnel evacuation; on the other hand, the gas in the corridor 41 is discharged, the smoke in the corridor 41 is pumped away, the personnel can safely reach the first evacuation channel 31, and meanwhile, air flow is introduced into the corridor 41, so that the negative pressure in the corridor 41 is maintained in a set range, the negative pressure gradient of each area in the whole facility is ensured, and substances such as radioactive aerosol and the like are prevented from reaching the external environment from the orange area through the corridor 41 due to the disturbance of the negative pressure.

The smoke prevention and exhaust system is not simple smoke prevention and exhaust measures in the conventional building at present, but is specially designed according to the layout structure of the radioactive nuclear facilities, so that the smoke prevention and exhaust effect on the road where people are necessary to evacuate is guaranteed, meanwhile, the requirement of dynamic sealing and containing of the radioactive nuclear facilities is met through a reasonable air inlet and exhaust mode, the negative pressure gradient between all areas is not damaged, and the leakage of the radioactive atmosphere is effectively avoided.

In this embodiment, the smoke prevention and exhaust system for a radionuclear facility further includes a second smoke prevention and exhaust system for exhausting gas in the non-contaminated area 3 while introducing air flow into the non-contaminated area 3 when a fire occurs in the non-contaminated area 3 of the radionuclear facility. Since the non-contaminated area 3 has no radioactivity, the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust scheme is adopted without affecting the external environment, so that the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust treatment can be directly performed when a fire occurs in the non-contaminated area 3.

In this embodiment, the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radionuclide facility further includes a judging unit and a control unit, where the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit 2 belong to a first smoke prevention and exhaust system, and the control unit is electrically connected to the judging unit, the first smoke prevention and exhaust system and the second smoke prevention and exhaust system respectively, and is configured to start the first smoke prevention and exhaust system when the judging unit judges that a fire disaster occurs in an area of the radionuclide facility other than the pollution-free area 3, so as to control the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 to introduce air flow into the first evacuation channel 31, thereby maintaining positive pressure of the first evacuation channel 31 relative to the corridor 41 and the first transition area 32; the ventilation and smoke exhaust unit 2 is controlled to exhaust the air in the corridor 41 and simultaneously air flow is introduced into the corridor 41, so that the negative pressure in the corridor 41 is maintained in a set range; and when the judging unit judges that the fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area 3 of the radioactive nuclear facility, starting the second smoke prevention and exhaust system to exhaust the gas in the non-polluted area 3 and simultaneously introducing the air flow into the non-polluted area 3.

That is, the control unit of the present embodiment selects the activation of each system according to the location of the fire occurrence. When a fire disaster occurs, the judging unit detects and judges the position of the fire disaster, if the fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area 3 of the radioactive nuclear facility, the second smoke prevention and exhaust system is started, and the conventional smoke prevention and exhaust treatment is directly carried out; when a fire occurs in an area other than the non-contaminated area 3 of the radionuclear facility, the first smoke prevention and exhaust system is started, and the ventilation and smoke exhaust process is performed on the corridor 41 while the air and smoke prevention process is performed on the first evacuation channel 31.

In this embodiment, the smoke prevention and exhaust system of the radionuclide facility further includes a detection unit, the detection unit is used for obtaining a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located, the air supply and smoke prevention units 1 are provided with a plurality of air supply and smoke prevention units respectively arranged in the first evacuation channels 31 of each fireproof partition in the radionuclide facility, and the control unit is further used for controlling the air supply and smoke prevention units 1 at the air supply position to supply air flow to the air supply position, where the air supply position is the first evacuation channel 31 of the fireproof partition where the fire disaster is located and the first evacuation channels 31 of the adjacent fireproof partition.

The detection unit is further used for further acquiring smoke exhaust partitions where the fire disaster is located in the corridor 41 in the fireproof partition, the ventilation smoke exhaust units 2 are provided with a plurality of ventilation smoke exhaust units 2, at least one ventilation smoke exhaust unit 2 is arranged in each smoke exhaust partition in the corridor 41 of each fireproof partition in the radioactive nuclear facility (one ventilation smoke exhaust unit is arranged in the embodiment, a plurality of ventilation smoke exhaust units can be arranged according to requirements in other embodiments), and the control unit is further used for controlling the ventilation smoke exhaust units 2 at the smoke exhaust positions to exhaust gas at the smoke exhaust positions and simultaneously introducing air flow to the smoke exhaust positions, wherein the smoke exhaust positions are the smoke exhaust partitions where the fire disaster is located and adjacent smoke exhaust partitions.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an air inlet 14 is disposed on the outer wall of the radionuclide facility, an air outlet 15 is disposed on a first evacuation channel 31 and a corridor 41, an air supply smoke prevention unit 1 and a ventilation smoke exhaust unit 2 each include a fan 11, a fire-proof valve 12 and a regulating valve 13, the fan 11 is connected between the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 15, and is used for introducing air from the air inlet 14 and introducing the air outlet 15, the fire-proof valve 12 is connected between the fan 11 and the air outlet 15, the regulating valve 13 is connected on the fan 11, and is used for regulating the air volume of the fan 11, the ventilation smoke exhaust unit 2 further includes an exhaust fan 21, and is used for exhausting air in the corridor 41, an air exhaust opening can be disposed on the corridor 41, and a smoke exhaust opening is disposed on the outer wall of the facility, and the exhaust fan is connected between the air exhaust opening and the smoke exhaust opening so as to realize air exhaust and smoke exhaust.

Because of the windy and sandy environment in northwest areas, sand and dust easily enter the nuclear facilities through the air inlet and the exhaust port of the smoke prevention and exhaust system, and radionuclides easily adhere to the inside of the nuclear facilities to become radioactive aerosol, so that the filtering treatment burden of the ventilation and purification system is increased. Therefore, in this embodiment, the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit 2 further include a shutter structure 16 and a sealing valve 17, wherein the shutter structure 16 is disposed on the air inlet 14 for blocking dust, and the sealing valve 17 is connected between the fan 11 and the air inlet 14 and is opened and closed together with the fan 11.

Specifically, the fan 11 is connected between the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 15 through an air duct 18. The fan 11 is provided with the bypass air pipe 18 which is connected with the regulating valve 13, the opening of the regulating valve 13 is regulated according to the positive pressure value of the evacuation stairway and the corridor 41, the function of regulating the air quantity is achieved, the positive pressure value of the evacuation stairway is ensured to be 40-50 Pa in a set range, and the positive pressure value of the corridor 41 is ensured to meet the technical standard of a GB51251 building smoke prevention and exhaust system.

For nuclear facilities in northwest windy and sandy areas, when no fire occurs, the sealing valve 17 is closed, so that outdoor sand dust and aerosol are prevented from entering an evacuation stairwell in the nuclear facilities through the air pipe 18 and the normally open air outlet 15, and then enter a radioactive area along the air flow direction from the evacuation stairwell, and the generation of the radioactive aerosol can be reduced. In case of fire, the positive pressure fan 11 is interlocked with the closed valve 17 to open, and outdoor air enters the evacuation stairwell and other areas through the air outlet 15 which is normally opened by the air pipe 18, so as to maintain the positive pressure of the evacuation stairwell relative to the corridor 41.

When the first smoke prevention and exhaust system is started, the closed valve 17 of the air supply smoke prevention unit 1 and the fan 11 are opened together, and the control unit can control the opening of the regulating valve 13 according to the comparison of the positive pressure value in the first evacuation channel 31 and the preset positive pressure value, so that the air quantity of the fan 11 in the first evacuation channel is controlled, and the positive pressure is maintained within the range of the preset positive pressure value; and the exhaust fan 21, the sealing valve 17 and the fan 11 of the ventilation and smoke exhaust unit 2 are controlled to start; the control unit is also used for controlling the opening of the exhaust fan 21 and the fan 11 in the corridor according to the negative pressure value in the corridor 41, so as to ensure that the negative pressure value in the corridor 41 is maintained within a set range.

Example 3

The radionuclide facility of this embodiment includes the facility body and the radionuclide facility smoke prevention and exhaust system in embodiment 2, and the inside division of facility body is in proper order risen in negative pressure does not have dirty district 3 (white district), potential emission district 4 (green district), well low emission district 5 (orange district) and high emission district 6 (red district), is equipped with first transition district 32 between no dirty district 3 and the potential emission district 4, is equipped with second transition district 42 between potential emission district 4 and well low emission district 5, communicates through corridor 41 between potential emission district 4, first transition district 32 and the second transition district 42, and the first evacuation channel 31 of facility body connects in first transition district 32 department, still can set up the second evacuation channel that is used for direct evacuation in the white district.

The radionuclide installation maintains the pressure gradient between the areas through the normal ventilation system operation under the normal fire condition, the pollution-free white area air flow flows to the corridor 41 and the green area with potential pollution through the first transition room 32 of the green area, the green area air flow flows to the second transition room 42 and then flows to the corridor 51 and the orange area with medium and low radioactivity, and the orange area air flow is led into the red area with high pollution.

The air supply smoke prevention unit 1 and the ventilation smoke prevention unit 2 of the smoke prevention and discharge system of the radionuclide facility are respectively arranged at the first evacuation channel 31 and the corridor 41. Specifically, a plurality of fireproof subareas are arranged in the radionuclide facility, an air supply smoke prevention unit 1 is arranged in a first evacuation channel 31 of each fireproof subarea, a corridor 41 of each fireproof subarea is divided into a plurality of smoke discharging subareas, and a ventilation smoke discharging unit 2 is arranged in each smoke discharging subarea. The middle and low emission zone 5 communicates with the second transition zone 42 through the aisle 51.

It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention, but not in limitation thereof. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. A smoke prevention and removal method for a radionuclear facility, comprising the steps of:

Judging the area where the fire occurs when the fire occurs;

If a fire occurs in an area of the radionuclear apparatus other than the non-contaminated area (3):

Introducing an air flow into the first evacuation channel (31) so as to maintain the positive pressure of the first evacuation channel (31) relative to the corridor (41) and the first transition area (32); and

And exhausting the gas in the corridor (41) and simultaneously introducing air flow into the corridor (41), so that the negative pressure in the corridor (41) is maintained in a set range.

2. The method for smoke prevention and evacuation of a radionuclear plant according to claim 1, wherein said introducing an air flow into the first evacuation channel (31) comprises in particular:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

According to the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster is located, taking a first evacuation channel (31) of the fireproof subarea and a first evacuation channel (31) of an adjacent fireproof subarea as a position to be blown;

And introducing air flow to the position to be blown.

3. The method for smoke prevention and removal of a radionuclear plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said evacuation of the gas inside the corridor (41) while simultaneously introducing a gas flow inside the corridor (41) comprises:

acquiring a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located;

according to the fireproof subarea where the fire disaster is located, acquiring a smoke exhaust subarea where the fire disaster is located in a corridor (41) in the fireproof subarea;

taking the smoke exhaust partition and the adjacent smoke exhaust partition as a smoke exhaust position according to the smoke exhaust partition where the fire disaster is;

And discharging the gas at the position to be discharged in the corridor (41), and simultaneously introducing air flow into the position to be discharged in the corridor (41).

4. The method for smoke prevention and removal of a radionuclear apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if a fire occurs in a non-contaminated area (3) of the radionuclear apparatus:

and discharging the gas in the non-polluted area (3) and simultaneously introducing the air flow into the non-polluted area (3).

5. A smoke prevention and removal system for a radionuclear facility, comprising:

An air supply smoke prevention unit (1) for, when a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radionuclide facility except the pollution-free area (3), introducing air flow into the first evacuation channel (31), so as to maintain positive pressure of the first evacuation channel (31) relative to the corridor (41) and the first transition area (32);

and a ventilation and smoke evacuation unit (2) for evacuating the gas in the corridor (41) and simultaneously introducing an air flow into the corridor (41) when a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radionuclide facility than the non-polluted area (3), thereby maintaining the negative pressure in the corridor (41) within a set range.

6. The smoke prevention and removal system for a radionuclear apparatus as defined in claim 5, further comprising a second smoke prevention and removal system for exhausting gas from the non-contaminated area (3) while introducing a gas flow into the non-contaminated area (3) when a fire occurs in the non-contaminated area (3) of the radionuclear apparatus.

7. The smoke prevention and removal system of a radionuclide installation according to claim 6, further comprising a judgment unit and a control unit,

The judging unit is used for judging the area where the fire disaster occurs;

The air supply smoke prevention unit (1) and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit (2) both belong to a first smoke prevention and exhaust system,

The control unit is electrically connected with the judging unit, the first smoke prevention and exhaust system and the second smoke prevention and exhaust system respectively, and is used for starting the first smoke prevention and exhaust system when the judging unit judges that a fire disaster occurs in other areas of the radioactive nuclear facility except the pollution-free area (3) so as to control the air supply smoke prevention unit (1) to introduce air flow into the first evacuation channel (31), thereby maintaining the positive pressure of the first evacuation channel (31) relative to the corridor (41) and the first transition area (32); the ventilation and smoke exhaust unit (2) is controlled to exhaust the air in the corridor (41) and simultaneously air flow is introduced into the corridor (41), so that the negative pressure in the corridor (41) is maintained in a set range; and

When the judging unit judges that the fire disaster occurs in the non-polluted area (3) of the radioactive nuclear facility, the second smoke prevention and exhaust system is started to exhaust the gas in the non-polluted area (3) and simultaneously introduce the air flow into the non-polluted area (3).

8. The smoke prevention and removal system of a radionuclide installation according to claim 7, further comprising a detection unit for acquiring a fire zone where a fire is located,

The air supply smoke-proof unit (1) is provided with a plurality of air supply smoke-proof units which are respectively arranged in the first evacuation channels (31) of each fireproof partition in the radioactive nuclear facility,

The control unit is also used for controlling the air supply smoke prevention unit (1) at the position to be supplied with air flow to the position to be supplied with air, and the position to be supplied with air is a first evacuation channel (31) of a fireproof partition where a fire disaster is located and a first evacuation channel (31) of an adjacent fireproof partition.

9. The system of claim 7, further comprising a detection unit for acquiring a fire zone in which a fire is located and further acquiring a smoke zone in which a fire is located in a hallway (41) within the fire zone,

The ventilation smoke discharging units (2) are provided with a plurality of ventilation smoke discharging units (2), at least one ventilation smoke discharging unit (2) is arranged in each smoke discharging partition in a corridor (41) of each fireproof partition in the radioactive nuclear facility,

The control unit is also used for controlling the ventilation smoke discharging unit (2) at the smoke discharging position to discharge the gas at the smoke discharging position, and simultaneously, air flow is introduced into the smoke discharging position, wherein the smoke discharging position is a smoke discharging partition where a fire disaster is located and adjacent smoke discharging partitions.

10. The smoke prevention and removal system of a radioactive nuclear facility according to claim 5, wherein an air inlet (14) is arranged on the outer wall of the radioactive nuclear facility, an air outlet (15) is arranged on each of the first evacuation channel (31) and the corridor (41),

The air supply smoke prevention unit (1) and the ventilation smoke exhaust unit (2) comprise a fan (11), a fireproof valve (12) and a regulating valve (13),

The fan (11) is connected between the air inlet (14) and the air outlet (15) and is used for guiding air from the air inlet (14) and leading in the air outlet (15),

The fireproof valve (12) is connected between the fan (11) and the air outlet (15),

The regulating valve (13) is connected with the fan (11) and is used for regulating the air quantity of the fan (11),

The ventilation and smoke exhaust unit (2) further comprises an exhaust fan (21) for exhausting air in the corridor (41).

11. The system for preventing and exhausting smoke in a radionuclear plant according to claim 10, wherein said air and smoke prevention unit (1) and said ventilation and smoke exhaust unit (2) further comprise a shutter structure (16) and a sealing valve (17),

The shutter structure (16) is arranged on the air inlet (14) and is used for blocking sand dust,

The sealing valve (17) is connected between the fan (11) and the air inlet (14) and is opened and closed together with the fan (11).

12. A radionuclide installation, characterized by comprising an installation body and a smoke prevention and removal system of the radionuclide installation according to any one of claims 5 to 11,

The interior of the facility body is divided into a pollution-free area (3), a potential radiation area (4), a middle-low radiation area (5) and a high radiation area (6) with negative pressure rising in sequence,

A first transition area (32) is arranged between the pollution-free area (3) and the potential radiation area (4), a second transition area (42) is arranged between the potential radiation area (4) and the middle-low radiation area (5), the potential radiation area (4), the first transition area (32) and the second transition area (42) are communicated through a corridor (41),

The first evacuation channel (31) of the facility body is connected at the first transition zone (32),

The air supply smoke prevention unit (1) and the ventilation smoke prevention unit (2) of the smoke prevention and discharge system of the radionuclear facility are respectively arranged at the first evacuation channel (31) and the corridor (41).