CN118294292A - Welding reliability evaluation method and shear strength detection device - Google Patents
Welding reliability evaluation method and shear strength detection device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses a welding reliability evaluation method and a shear strength detection device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the nickel-based alloy powder is deposited on the ring assembly, flaw detection is carried out to identify a crack state; cutting along the radial direction of the circular ring assembly to obtain an annular sample with the cross section of the build-up welding layer, and carrying out macroscopic and microscopic metallographic tests according to macroscopic and microscopic test standards of the welding layer; dividing the circular ring assembly into a plurality of cutting samples, wherein one cutting sample comprises an arcing part and an arc receiving part of a surfacing layer, detecting hardness HV1, and detecting more than or equal to four points for each cutting sample; cutting along the radial direction of the annular assembly, obtaining another annular sample with the cross section of the build-up welding layer, installing the annular sample into a shearing strength detection device, and measuring the shearing maximum force of the build-up welding layer; and placing the ring assembly on a workbench of a press, setting pressure F for pressure test, and observing whether the surface of a build-up welding layer of the ring assembly is peeled off. The application evaluates the welding reliability through multi-dimensional technical index measurement, thereby meeting the welding process requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of welding strength detection, in particular to a welding reliability assessment method. In addition, the application also provides a shear strength detection device for assisting the method.
Background
The nickel-based alloy powder is self-fluxing alloy powder, is mainly used for wear resistance, corrosion resistance, rust resistance and the like of the surface of a steel part, and has good comprehensive performance. The existing permanent magnet linear motor is characterized in that a rotor part of the existing permanent magnet linear motor is formed by assembling magnetic steel and other parts by a plurality of annular components, the rotor performs reciprocating linear motion in the running process of the linear motor, impact and friction can be suffered in the running process of the rotor, and in order to meet the reliability and applicability of the linear motor in severe working conditions such as sand accumulation, scaling and the like, nickel-based alloy powder is required to be deposited on the surface of the annular components in a plasma manner, so that the effects of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like are achieved, and the reliability of a deposited layer has a large influence on the running stability of the rotor and the whole machine.
However, the existing method for evaluating the reliability of the circular ring assembly on the long rotor of the linear motor by carrying out requirement analysis on the reliability evaluation after surfacing has the defects of detection range and method, and the reliability of a welding layer cannot be evaluated from a plurality of technical indexes, so that a certain defect exists in the welding process, and the welding quality is affected.
Therefore, how to evaluate the welding reliability by measuring the multi-dimensional technical index to meet the requirements of the welding process is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a welding reliability evaluation method, which evaluates the reliability of a welding layer through a plurality of technical indexes such as flaw detection, penetration, microscopic metallography, hardness, welding layer shearing strength, flattening verification and the like, and provides a technical foundation for a welding process meeting requirements.
In addition, another object of the present application is to provide a shear strength detection device for assisting the above evaluation method, to realize the evaluation of the shear strength of the build-up layer, and to solve the problem that the adhesion of the build-up layer is difficult to be measured.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a welding reliability evaluation method, comprising:
s101, after surfacing nickel-based alloy powder on a ring assembly, detecting a flaw and identifying a crack state under the influence of welding stress;
S102, cutting along the radial direction of the circular ring assembly, obtaining an annular sample with a surfacing layer cross section, carrying out a macroscopic metallographic test and a microscopic metallographic test according to macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards of a welding layer, measuring penetration data, and judging microscopic cracks;
s103, dividing the circular ring assembly into a plurality of sample cutting parts, wherein one sample cutting part at least comprises an arc starting part and an arc receiving part of the surfacing layer, detecting hardness HV1, and detecting four or more sample cutting detection points;
S104, cutting along the radial direction of the circular ring assembly, obtaining another annular sample with the cross section of the build-up layer, installing the annular sample into a shear strength detection device, measuring the maximum shearing force of the build-up layer, and evaluating and comparing the shearing strength;
s105, placing the circular ring assembly on a workbench of a press, setting pressure F for pressure test, and observing whether the surface of the build-up welding layer of the circular ring assembly is peeled off.
Preferably, in S101, the flaw detection and crack identification state is one or more of ultrasonic detection, magnetic particle detection, liquid penetration detection, and X-ray detection.
Preferably, in S102, a wire cutting manner is adopted to cut along the radial direction of the ring assembly, the thickness of the annular sample is 5mm, a macroscopic metallographic test is performed according to macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards of the weld, the penetration is measured, and whether the build-up welding layer reaches metallurgical bonding is evaluated;
And after the macroscopic metallographic test, a 20mm wide sample is taken from the 5mm annular sample, the microscopic metallographic test is carried out according to weld macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards, the wide sample at least comprises the annular component and the surfacing layer, and the body of the annular component, the heat affected zone of the annular component and the metallographic structure of the surfacing layer are analyzed to judge whether microscopic cracks exist.
Preferably, in S103, the circular ring assembly is divided into four pieces by halving, and the cutting is performed along the tangent line of the inner ring of the circular ring assembly by using wire cutting, so that the cutting surface of each piece of the cutting is a flat plane, and the arc surface of the cutting is finely ground to form a platform parallel to the plane, the diameter of the platform is less than or equal to 3mm, and the surface roughness is less than or equal to ra0.8.
Preferably, in S104, the thickness of the annular sample is 3mm or less and the thickness deviation is 0.05mm or less.
Preferably, in S105, the pressure test includes:
the flattening test, wherein the annular sample is radially placed on a workbench of a press, and the press applies radial pressure F to a build-up welding layer on the periphery of the annular sample;
the press fit test is carried out, the annular sample is transversely placed on the workbench, the action end of the press is provided with a press fit sleeve, the inside of the press fit sleeve is hollow, the hollow part corresponds to the annular sample, the inner wall of the press fit sleeve is in interference fit with a build-up welding layer in the annular sample, and the annular sample is embedded into an inner ring of the press fit sleeve in the press fit process.
A shear strength detection device for implementing the welding reliability assessment method according to any one of the above, comprising:
the head of the fixing bolt faces downwards, the screw rod faces upwards, the annular sample is sleeved on the screw rod, the annular component in the annular sample is propped against the head, and the annular sample is coaxial with the screw rod;
the shearing female die is positioned at the periphery of the head and coaxial with the screw rod, the upper plane of the shearing female die is flush with the plane of the head, and the shearing female die is abutted against the build-up welding layer in the annular sample;
The lower punch is sleeved on the periphery of the screw rod and coaxial with the screw rod and is used for compressing and fixing the annular sample on the head;
The upper punch is positioned on the upper side of the lower punch, corresponds to the position of the lower punch, is connected with a servo tension-compression testing machine and is used for transmitting pressure to the lower punch and the annular sample so that the annular sample has a tendency of moving towards the shearing female die.
Preferably, the device further comprises a positioning block which is abutted against the periphery of the annular sample so that the annular sample is always coaxial with the screw.
Preferably, the shearing die is made of high-strength alloy tool steel at least at the position of the shearing die, which is abutted against the build-up layer.
Preferably, the shearing female die is of a hollow annular structure, the hollow part is used for placing the head, and the inner edge of the shearing female die abuts against the build-up welding layer.
Preferably, a die cushion block for supporting the shearing die is arranged on the lower side of the shearing die, the die cushion block is coaxial with the shearing die and fixedly connected with the shearing die, and a groove is formed in the middle of the die cushion block and used for receiving residues generated when the shearing die shears the build-up welding layer.
Compared with the background technology, the application carries out requirement analysis on reliability evaluation after surfacing, evaluates the reliability of the welding layer through checking several technical indexes of flaw detection, penetration, microcosmic metallography, hardness, welding layer shearing strength and flattening, and compares the welding reliability of different welding processes through a plurality of dimensions, wherein each dimension exists independently in the verification analysis, and the mutual dimensions are logic of the mutual dimensions, so that a set of evaluation system is integrally combined, and a technical basis is provided for determining the welding process meeting the requirement. Meanwhile, the shear strength of the welding layer is evaluated by using the shear strength detection device, and the problem that the adhesive force of the welding layer is difficult to measure is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a welding reliability evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a shear strength detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a shear strength detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of a fixing bolt according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower punch according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a positioning block according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a shear female die structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a die pad structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an upper punch structure according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a ring-shaped sample structure according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a crush test provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a press-fit test according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the partially enlarged structure of fig. 12.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises an upper punch 2, a lower punch 3, a positioning block 4, a shearing die 5, a die cushion block 6, a fixing bolt 7, an annular sample 8, a press-fit sleeve 9 and a conical surface.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand the aspects of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a welding reliability evaluation method is provided, which evaluates the reliability of the welding layer by verifying several technical indexes of flaw detection, penetration, microscopic metallographic phase, hardness, shearing strength of the welding layer, and flattening. Specifically, according to the actual operation requirement of a rotor of the permanent magnet linear motor, the technical indexes required to be achieved after the nickel-based alloy powder is deposited on the ring assembly, a welding technical scheme is formulated in a targeted manner, a real-time deposited welding process is carried out, and the welding process requirement and parameters are of a preset design.
The method comprises the following steps:
S101, after surfacing nickel-based alloy powder on a ring assembly, detecting a flaw and identifying a crack state under the influence of welding stress; the bead weld layer is subjected to flaw detection, and one or more of ultrasonic detection, magnetic powder detection, liquid penetration detection and X-ray detection are adopted for flaw detection and crack identification. Of course, the above detection methods are more common methods, and other detection methods in the prior art can be adopted, which are not limited too much, and all fall into the protection scope of the present application.
S102, cutting along the radial direction of the annular component, obtaining an annular sample with a surfacing layer cross section, carrying out a macroscopic metallographic test and a microscopic metallographic test according to macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards of a welding layer, measuring penetration data, and judging microscopic cracks;
Judging the penetration data of the surfacing layer, cutting along the radial direction of the annular component in a linear cutting mode, so as to form an annular sample with an annular structure, keeping the thickness of the annular sample to be about 5mm due to processing errors and the like, carrying out macroscopic metallographic tests according to macroscopic and microscopic test standards of welding seams, measuring penetration, and evaluating whether the surfacing layer reaches metallurgical bonding;
And similarly, after the macroscopic metallurgical test, a 20mm wide sample is taken from a 5mm annular sample, the microscopic metallurgical test is carried out according to weld macroscopic and microscopic test standards, the wide sample at least comprises a circular ring assembly and a surfacing layer, and the body of the circular ring assembly, a heat affected zone of the circular ring assembly and a metallographic structure of the surfacing layer are analyzed to judge whether microscopic cracks exist. The heat affected zone is defined herein as the portion of the annular component body closest to the weld overlay, and the region affected by heat is defined herein as the heat affected zone, since heat is transferred to the annular component during the weld overlay.
S103, dividing the circular ring assembly into a plurality of cutting samples, wherein one cutting sample at least comprises an arc starting part and an arc receiving part of the surfacing layer, detecting hardness HV1, and detecting four points or more of each cutting sample, namely detecting the axial hardness and the radial hardness of the surfacing layer; specifically, divide equally four cut appearance with ring subassembly to adopt linear cutting to cut along the inner circle tangent line of ring subassembly to make every cut cutting surface of appearance be the level plane, accurate grinding is gone up in the cambered surface of cutting the appearance, with the accurate grinding out the platform that is on a parallel with the plane, two relative planes are convenient for fix cut appearance, thereby be convenient for hardness detection, and platform diameter is less than or equal to 3mm, surface roughness is less than or equal to Ra0.8.
It should be noted that, because the cutting is performed along the tangent line of the inner ring of the ring assembly, a flat cutting surface is formed at the cutting position, and on the basis of four cutting patterns, four cutting lines form a square structure. Of course, the number of cut samples includes but is not limited to four, and the cut samples are ensured to have a flat cutting plane after being cut, so that the cut samples are matched with the accurate grinding plane of the arc surface of the cut samples, and the hardness detection is stably fixed.
S104, cutting along the radial direction of the annular assembly, obtaining another annular sample with the cross section of the build-up welding layer, installing the annular sample into a shear strength detection device, measuring the maximum shearing force of the build-up welding layer, and evaluating and comparing the shear strength; namely, the shear strength is detected, the axial shear force of the build-up layer is judged, and in the embodiment, the thickness of the annular sample is less than or equal to 3mm, the thickness deviation is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the sample is installed in a shear strength detection device, the maximum force for shearing the build-up layer is vertically measured on a servo tensile-compression testing machine, and the shear strength is evaluated and compared.
S105, placing the ring assembly on a workbench of a press machine, and setting pressure F for pressure test, wherein the pressure test comprises a flattening test and a press-fitting test. Referring to fig. 11, the annular sample 7 is placed radially on a table of a press machine, the press machine applies a radial pressure F to the build-up layer on the outer periphery of the annular sample 7, and the build-up layer surface of the annular sample 7 is observed for detection of whether or not the build-up layer surface is peeled off, i.e., for flattening, and the build-up layer peeling amount and state are determined.
Referring to fig. 12, an annular sample 7 is transversely placed on a workbench, a press-fit sleeve 8 is arranged at an action end of a press machine, the interior of the press-fit sleeve 8 is hollow, the hollow part corresponds to the annular sample 7, the inner wall of the press-fit sleeve 8 is in interference fit with a build-up welding layer in the annular sample 7, and the annular sample 7 is embedded into an inner ring of the press-fit sleeve 8 in the press-fit process. And (3) evaluating the deformation state and the duty ratio of the surfacing layer, wherein the peeling of the surfacing layer is not allowed under the complex operation condition, and the specific analysis is carried out through the state of the outer surface and the applied load.
It should be noted that, the inlet position of the press-fit sleeve 8 is designed with a conical surface 9 or a chamfer structure with a length of 2mm and a taper of 10 degrees, referring to fig. 13, the conical surface 9 can press-fit and position the annular sample 7, and meanwhile, the conical surface 9 is also in interference fit with the build-up welding layer in the annular sample 7, and the press-fit sleeve presses-fits the annular sample 3-5 times.
After the detection is completed, the basic data of the ring assembly or the surfacing layer is finally adjusted according to the detected welding parameters and the technological requirements, so that the detection requirements of all dimensions are met, and the surfacing quality is improved.
It should be noted that, for the above method, each step is relatively independent, and its sequence can be adjusted, which is not limited too much; meanwhile, for the ring assemblies or the ring-shaped samples selected in different steps, different ring assemblies or ring-shaped samples can be selected according to actual conditions, and the detection effect can be ensured without further details.
In addition, the shear strength detection device provided by the present application is used for implementing the above-mentioned welding reliability evaluation method, specifically, for performing the shear strength detection in S104 of the above-mentioned method, the shear strength detection device includes a fixing bolt 6, a shear die 4, a lower punch 2 and an upper punch 1, please refer to fig. 2,3 and 4, the fixing bolt 6 has a downward head, a screw is upward, an annular sample 7 is sleeved on the screw, an annular component in the annular sample 7 is abutted against the head, and the annular sample 7 is the annular sample 7 of S104, specifically, refer to fig. 10, the annular sample 7 is coaxial with the screw.
Referring to fig. 2,3 and 7, the shearing die 4 is located at the periphery of the head, i.e. the head of the fixing bolt 6 extends into the shearing die 4, the inner ring of the shearing die 4 abuts against the periphery of the head of the fixing bolt 6, and meanwhile, the upper plane of the shearing die 4 is flush with the plane of the head, so that the annular sample 7 can be stably placed.
It should be noted that, while the annular component in the annular sample 7 is abutted against the head, as can be seen from fig. 3, the shear die 4 is abutted against the build-up layer in the annular sample 7; namely, in fig. 3, the outermost weld overlay of the annular sample 7 is abutted against the end face of the shearing die 4.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 5, the lower punch 2 is sleeved on the periphery of the screw and is coaxial with the screw, and is used for compressing and fixing the annular sample 7 on the head, and various fixing modes for fixing the annular sample 7 can be adopted.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 9, the upper punch 1 is located above the lower punch 2 and corresponds to the lower punch 2 in position, and is connected to a servo tension-compression tester for transmitting pressure to the lower punch 2 and the annular sample 7, so as to ensure that the pressure of the servo tension-compression tester can be uniformly distributed on each point of the annular sample 7, so that the annular sample 7 has a tendency to move towards the shearing die 4.
In summary, when the servo tensile-compression testing machine drives the upper punch 1to move towards the lower punch 2, pressure acts on the annular sample 7, and the annular sample 7 acts on the build-up layer of the annular sample 7 with the supporting force as a reaction force under the support of the shearing die 4, so that a certain shearing force is formed on the build-up layer, and the shearing strength of the build-up layer is judged. When the servo tension-compression testing machine applies enough force, the overlay can peel off the ring component, and the pressure provided by the servo tension-compression testing machine is the shearing force at the moment, so that the shearing strength of the overlay is judged.
It should be noted that, the shear strength detection device further includes a positioning block 3, please refer to fig. 2, 3 and 6, the positioning block 3 abuts against the outer periphery of the annular sample 7, and the outer edge of the positioning block 3 is clamped to the outer periphery of the shear die 4, so that the annular sample 7 is always coaxial with the screw, and the detection accuracy of the annular sample 7 is ensured.
The shearing die 4 is used as the core part of the device, and is used for shearing the joint part of the build-up welding layer and the circular ring assembly of the annular sample 7, so that a large supporting force is required to be provided, and the strength requirement is high here, namely the shearing die 4 is made of high-strength alloy tool steel such as Cr12MoV at least at the position of the shearing die, which is abutted against the build-up welding layer, and the shearing die reaches HRC58-60 after quenching, and of course, other high-strength materials can be selected, so that the shearing die is not limited too much.
Referring to fig. 3 and 7, the shearing die 4 has a hollow annular structure, the hollow portion is used for placing a head, and the inner edge of the shearing die 4 abuts against the build-up layer. Referring to fig. 8, a die pad 5 for supporting the cutting die 4 is disposed at the lower side of the cutting die 4, the die pad 5 is coaxial with and fixedly connected with the cutting die 4, and a groove is disposed in the middle of the die pad 5 for receiving the residue generated when the cutting die 4 cuts the build-up layer.
In summary, the application performs requirement analysis on reliability evaluation after surfacing, evaluates the reliability of the welding layer by checking several technical indexes of flaw detection, penetration, microcosmic metallography, hardness, welding layer shearing strength and flattening, and compares the welding reliability of different welding processes by comparing a plurality of dimensions, wherein each dimension exists independently in the verification analysis, and the mutual dimensions are logic of the mutual dimensions, so that a set of evaluation system is integrally combined, and a technical basis is provided for determining the welding process meeting the requirement. Meanwhile, the shear strength of the welding layer is evaluated by using the shear strength detection device, and the problem that the adhesive force of the welding layer is difficult to measure is solved.
It should be noted that in this specification relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity from another entity without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities.
The principles and embodiments of the present application have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present application and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the application can be made without departing from the principles of the application and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the application as defined in the following claims.
Claims (11)
1. A welding reliability evaluation method, characterized by comprising:
s101, after surfacing nickel-based alloy powder on a ring assembly, detecting a flaw and identifying a crack state under the influence of welding stress;
S102, cutting along the radial direction of the circular ring assembly, obtaining an annular sample with a surfacing layer cross section, carrying out a macroscopic metallographic test and a microscopic metallographic test according to macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards of a welding layer, measuring penetration data, and judging microscopic cracks;
s103, dividing the circular ring assembly into a plurality of sample cutting parts, wherein one sample cutting part at least comprises an arc starting part and an arc receiving part of the surfacing layer, detecting hardness HV1, and detecting four or more sample cutting detection points;
S104, cutting along the radial direction of the circular ring assembly, obtaining another annular sample with the cross section of the build-up layer, installing the annular sample into a shear strength detection device, measuring the maximum shearing force of the build-up layer, and evaluating and comparing the shearing strength;
s105, placing the circular ring assembly on a workbench of a press, setting pressure F for pressure test, and observing whether the surface of the build-up welding layer of the circular ring assembly is peeled off.
2. The welding reliability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S101, the flaw detection and crack recognition state is one or more of ultrasonic detection, magnetic particle detection, liquid penetration detection, and X-ray detection.
3. The welding reliability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S102, a wire cutting method is adopted to cut along the radial direction of the annular assembly, the thickness of the annular sample is 5mm, a macroscopic metallographic test is performed according to a weld macroscopic and microscopic inspection standard, the penetration is measured, and whether the build-up welding layer reaches metallurgical bonding is evaluated;
And after the macroscopic metallographic test, a 20mm wide sample is taken from the 5mm annular sample, the microscopic metallographic test is carried out according to weld macroscopic and microscopic inspection standards, the wide sample at least comprises the annular component and the surfacing layer, and the body of the annular component, the heat affected zone of the annular component and the metallographic structure of the surfacing layer are analyzed to judge whether microscopic cracks exist.
4. The welding reliability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S103, the ring assembly is divided into four pieces of the cut samples in a bisection manner, wire cutting is adopted to cut along an inner ring tangent line of the ring assembly so that a cutting surface of each piece of the cut sample is a flat plane, and fine grinding is performed on an arc surface of the cut sample so as to fine grind a platform parallel to the plane, wherein the diameter of the platform is 3mm or less, and the surface roughness is 0.8 or less.
5. The welding reliability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S104, the thickness of the annular sample is 3mm or less and the thickness deviation is 0.05mm or less.
6. The welding reliability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in S105, the pressure test includes:
the flattening test, wherein the annular sample is radially placed on a workbench of a press, and the press applies radial pressure F to a build-up welding layer on the periphery of the annular sample;
The press fit test comprises a press fit test, wherein an annular sample is transversely placed on a workbench, a press fit sleeve is arranged at the action end of the press fit machine, the inside of the press fit sleeve is hollow, the hollow part corresponds to the annular sample, the inner wall of the press fit sleeve is in interference fit with a build-up welding layer in the annular sample, and the annular sample is embedded into an inner ring of the press fit sleeve in the press fit process;
The inner ring of the press-fit sleeve is provided with a conical surface with the length of 2mm and the taper of 10 degrees, the conical surface is in interference fit with the build-up welding layer of the annular sample, and the press-fit sleeve presses the annular sample for 3-5 times.
7. A shear strength test device for implementing the welding reliability assessment method according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
the head of the fixing bolt faces downwards, the screw rod faces upwards, the annular sample is sleeved on the screw rod, the annular component in the annular sample is propped against the head, and the annular sample is coaxial with the screw rod;
the shearing female die is positioned at the periphery of the head and coaxial with the screw rod, the upper plane of the shearing female die is flush with the plane of the head, and the shearing female die is abutted against the build-up welding layer in the annular sample;
The lower punch is sleeved on the periphery of the screw rod and coaxial with the screw rod and is used for compressing and fixing the annular sample on the head;
The upper punch is positioned on the upper side of the lower punch, corresponds to the position of the lower punch, is connected with a servo tension-compression testing machine and is used for transmitting pressure to the lower punch and the annular sample so that the annular sample has a tendency of moving towards the shearing female die.
8. The shear strength test device according to claim 7, further comprising a positioning block which is abutted against the outer periphery of the annular sample so that the annular sample is always coaxial with the screw.
9. The shear strength test device of claim 7, wherein the shear die is selected from a high strength alloy tool steel at least at a portion thereof against the weld overlay.
10. The shear strength test device of claim 7, wherein the shear die has a hollow annular structure, the hollow is used for placing the head, and the inner edge of the shear die abuts against the build-up layer.
11. The shear strength detection device according to claim 10, wherein a die pad for supporting the shear die is provided at the lower side of the shear die, the die pad is coaxial with the shear die and fixedly connected with the shear die, and a groove is provided at the middle of the die pad for receiving residues generated by the shear die when the build-up layer is sheared.
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