CN118253851A - Welding method and control system - Google Patents

Welding method and control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118253851A
CN118253851A CN202410435670.XA CN202410435670A CN118253851A CN 118253851 A CN118253851 A CN 118253851A CN 202410435670 A CN202410435670 A CN 202410435670A CN 118253851 A CN118253851 A CN 118253851A
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Prior art keywords
welding
resistance value
real
time
target
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CN202410435670.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
温和斌
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Shanghai Yiting Laser Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Yiting Laser Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202410435670.XA priority Critical patent/CN118253851A/en
Publication of CN118253851A publication Critical patent/CN118253851A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/20Stud welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/095Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a welding method, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring initial resistance values among welding workpieces when the welding workpieces are not welded; s2, determining a target resistance value according to the initial resistance value; s3, measuring real-time resistance values among the welded workpieces while welding; and S4, stopping welding when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value. And determining welding quality in real time in the welding process, so that a high-quality welding state is obtained, and the stress and resistance value of the welding position are in a required allowable range.

Description

Welding method and control system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method and a control system.
Background
Conventionally, in a welding process such as laser welding, a quality correlation is obtained by a parameter in a welding process and a post-welding inspection, and welding is performed with an optimal welding parameter, thereby ensuring stability of quality. However, since the welding state of each weld cannot be checked in full, spot check is performed.
For example, electrodes are respectively attached to two workpieces to be welded by stud welding, the resistance between the two workpieces is measured, and the presence or absence of a weld defect is detected by a correlation of the joining ratios corresponding to the resistance values obtained in advance. However, this method does not allow for real-time adjustment of the welding process and only allows for assessment of the already finished weld.
Therefore, in order to monitor the welding process in real time, people start to measure physical quantities related to welding energy, such as reflected light, temperature, power, etc., of the welding spot during the welding process, and compare the measured data with an evaluation standard as sampling data of each unit processing time to determine the welding quality in real time. However, this method requires comprehensive analysis of a plurality of physical quantities, which is inconvenient for effective control of the welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a welding method and a control system, which solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
A method of welding, comprising:
s1, acquiring initial resistance values among welding workpieces when the welding workpieces are not welded;
s2, determining a target resistance value according to the initial resistance value;
S3, measuring real-time resistance values among the welded workpieces while welding;
And S4, stopping welding when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value.
In one possible embodiment, the limiting resistance value when the weld between the different welded workpieces reaches the allowable stress is the minimum value of the target resistance value.
In one possible embodiment, the maximum resistance value of the welded workpiece is the maximum value of the target resistance value.
In one possible implementation manner, the step S4 further includes: and when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value, changing the distance between the welding head and the welding seam, and moving the welding head away from the molten pool.
In a possible implementation manner, the step S3 further includes: and when the real-time resistance value is larger than the target resistance value, the welding head continuously welds towards the depth direction of the molten pool.
In one possible embodiment, the size of the weld head and the type of weld head are obtained, a maximum depth of the molten pool is determined based on the size, the type, and the target resistance value, and the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value when the molten pool depth reaches the maximum depth.
As another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a welding control system for controlling a welding process using the aforementioned welding method, the system comprising
A control unit for controlling the moving direction of the welding equipment;
The resistance measurement unit is used for measuring a real-time resistance value and feeding the real-time resistance value back to the control unit;
and stopping welding when the real-time resistance value received by the control unit is consistent with a preset target resistance value.
In one possible embodiment, the welding device further comprises a scanning mechanism for determining a real-time position of the welding device;
When the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value, the scanning mechanism sends the real-time position to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the displacement direction of the welding head according to the real-time position.
Preferably, the resistance measurement unit adopts in-situ measurement, and a test probe of the resistance measurement unit is arranged near the welding head.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The resistance value is used as a reference for controlling the welding process, and the welding process can be quickly and effectively regulated.
2. And determining welding quality in real time in the welding process, so that a high-quality welding state is obtained, and the stress and resistance value of the welding position are in a required allowable range.
3. In-situ monitoring is performed by applying in-situ measurement, welding parameters can be adjusted in time, and the yield of the workpiece obtained by applying the scheme of the application is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a welding method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of real-time resistance change during welding of high carbon steel according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the test interval is 25ms;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a welding control system in accordance with one embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of controlling welding using the welding control system of the present application, in which (a) shows a case where a welding region is penetrated and (B) shows a case where welding is stopped without penetrating the welding region.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a welding control system according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a linear weld region obtained by applying the welding method of the present application;
Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the linear weld region of fig. 6.
In the figure: 1. a welding object; 2. a sheet material; 10. a laser welding apparatus; 11. a laser oscillator; 12. a lens unit; 13. a laser power monitoring unit; 14. an optical measurement unit; 20. a laser welding control device; 21. a control unit; 22. a resistance measurement unit; 23. a computer; 100. a laser welding system.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the numbers of the components, such as "first" and "second", are only used to distinguish the described objects, and do not have any sequential or technical meaning.
The welding method of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1. The welding method uses the resistance value as a key factor for judging the welding quality, and the welding workpiece does not need to be taken out from the original position and then measured.
A method of welding, comprising:
s1, acquiring initial resistance values among welding workpieces when the welding workpieces are not welded;
S2, determining a target resistance value according to the initial resistance value;
s3, measuring real-time resistance values among all welding workpieces while welding;
And S4, stopping welding when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value.
The welding method in the present application is not particularly limited, and may be laser welding, TIG welding, argon arc welding, plasma welding, or the like. The preferable welding mode is laser welding, the size of a molten pool of the laser welding and the like can be adjusted in real time by changing laser parameters, and the accuracy degree of control is better compared with other welding modes. Similarly, the welding work is not particularly limited in the present application, and the welding work may be made of a metal material, or may be made of a non-metal material, or may be made of a plastic material. When the two workpieces to be welded are metallic materials, they can be melted and alloyed.
For both welded workpieces, there is an air resistance at the interface when welding is not performed, and the resistance value after welding is smaller than the resistance value before welding because the interface becomes a gold after welding or changes from a solid-gas interface to a solid-solid interface. The resistance value may decrease with the welding process. As shown in fig. 2, the test time interval was 25ms, two high carbon steel workpieces were welded together, the resistance value when not welded was 85mΩ, and as the welding proceeded, the resistance began to drop significantly to 25mΩ.
Wherein, the target resistance value is determined according to the initial resistance value. The value of the target resistance value is different for different welding materials. The target resistance value is set based on the initial resistance value.
Specifically, if the initial resistance value is a, and the value range of a is 20-100mΩ, the target resistance value b is 10-50mΩ; if the value range of a is 100-1000mΩ, the target resistance value b is 50-800mΩ.
Further, the difference between the target resistance value and the initial resistance value set because the yield needs to be maintained after welding needs to be within a certain range, otherwise, the welded workpiece cannot guarantee the yield requirement. The target resistance value may be determined as follows.
(1) Measuring an initial resistance value when welding is not performed, and determining an order of magnitude of a target resistance value according to the order of magnitude of the initial resistance value, namely keeping the order of magnitude of the initial resistance consistent with the order of magnitude of the target resistance;
(2) Taking the maximum value within the order of magnitude as the first target resistance value. And (3) applying the first target resistance value as a parameter for stopping welding, and if the welded workpiece meets the requirements of good products, using the first target resistance value as a final target resistance value to weld. If the welded workpiece is not good, the delta is decreased each time until the welded workpiece meets the requirements of good products. Wherein the value of delta is related to the magnitude, namely, the initial resistance value is 10-100mΩ, the delta is 10mΩ, the initial resistance value is 100-1000mΩ, the delta is 100mΩ, and so on.
In one embodiment, for step S3, the sampling time interval for the real-time resistance value is 10ms to 50ms. Two resistance probes for measuring resistance are respectively arranged on the surfaces of two workpieces to be welded near the molten pool, and along with the movement of the welding head, the resistance probes also move along with the movement of the welding head. The resistance value which is always tested by the resistance probe is ensured to be the resistance value near the welding line or the welding point so as to be accurately compared with the target resistance value.
In one embodiment, the limiting resistance value at which the weld between the different welded workpieces reaches the allowable stress is the minimum value of the target resistance value.
The maximum amount of stress a part or component is allowed to withstand in a mechanical design or engineering design. To determine whether the operating stress of a part or component is too high or too low, a metric, which is the allowable stress, needs to be predetermined. The workpiece can be normally used only on the premise of being smaller than allowable stress after being welded, so that the target resistance value cannot be lower than the resistance value when the welding line reaches the allowable stress.
In one embodiment, the maximum withstand resistance value of the welded workpiece is the maximum value of the target resistance value.
In one embodiment, step S4 further comprises: when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value, the distance between the welding head and the welding seam is changed, and the welding head is moved away from the molten pool. The welding head firstly moves vertically to the welding workpiece and then horizontally displaces, so that each molten pool can be ensured to stop welding when reaching a target resistance, the width of the molten pool is not further enlarged, and the requirement that the workpiece cannot be met due to exceeding allowable stress is avoided.
In one embodiment, step S3 is followed by: and when the real-time resistance value is larger than the target resistance value, the welding head continuously welds towards the depth direction of the molten pool.
In order to further control the welding process, the speed of movement of the welding head in the depth direction of the weld pool may be set by comparing the difference between the real-time resistance value and the target resistance value. When the difference value between the real-time resistance value and the target resistance value is larger than a first threshold value alpha, the moving speed of the probe is the first speed V 1, and when the difference value between the real-time resistance value and the target resistance value is equal to the first threshold value alpha, the moving speed of the probe is adjusted to be V 2; and when the difference value between the real-time resistance value and the target resistance value is equal to the second threshold value beta, adjusting the probe moving speed to be V 3. Wherein alpha is less than beta and V 1>V2>V3. Typically V 1、V2、V3 differ by an order of magnitude, e.g. V 1 is 100 μm/s, V 2 is 10 μm/s, V 3 is 1 μm/s, α can typically be set to 100mΩ and β is typically set to 10mΩ. This is because as the difference between the real-time resistance value and the target resistance is reduced, the moving speed of the probe needs to be precisely controlled to meet the requirements after the real-time welding of the workpieces, and the welding speed is affected if the speed is too slow at the beginning of the welding, which is disadvantageous for practical production.
In one embodiment, the size of the weld head and the type of weld head are obtained, the maximum depth of the puddle is determined based on the size, type, and target resistance value, and when the puddle depth reaches the maximum depth, the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value. Different welding head specifications can influence the width and the depth of a molten pool, the size of the welding head is large, the formed molten pool is large, and different requirements on the depth of the molten pool are met for different working conditions, so that the specifications of the welding head are referred when a target resistance value is set.
As another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a welding control system for controlling a welding process using the aforementioned welding method, the system comprising
A control unit 21 for controlling a moving direction of the welding apparatus;
A resistance measuring unit 22 for measuring a real-time resistance value and feeding back the real-time resistance value to the control unit;
and stopping welding when the real-time resistance value received by the control unit is consistent with the preset target resistance value.
In the following, a laser welding will be described in detail as an example, and as shown in fig. 3, the laser welding control system 100 includes a laser welding apparatus 10 and a laser welding control device 20, the laser welding apparatus 10 performs welding by irradiating a plate material 2 superimposed on a welding object 1 with laser light L, and the laser welding control device 20 performs a corresponding operation by an instruction of the laser welding apparatus 10.
The laser welding apparatus 10 includes a laser oscillator 11 for emitting laser light L, a lens unit 12 for irradiating the laser light L emitted from the laser oscillator 11 onto the plate material 2 on the welding object 1, and a laser power monitoring unit 13 for monitoring the laser power of the laser light L incident on the lens unit 12 from the laser oscillator 11, and an optical measurement unit 14 for measuring plasma light, reflected light, infrared rays, or the like of the laser light L irradiated onto the plate material 2 by irradiating the laser light L. Wherein the optical measuring unit 14 may employ an image pickup device such as a CCD camera or the like.
In the laser welding apparatus 10, the laser light L irradiates the plate material 2 superimposed on the welding object 1 through the lens unit 12 to weld, and various measurement values such as plasma light, reflected light, and infrared rays, which are measured coaxially with the laser light L through the optical measurement unit 14, are used as welding parameters corresponding to the welding state to determine the welding state. However, since reflected light and infrared rays can be measured only at the time of laser emission, the state after melting after welding cannot be measured.
Accordingly, in the present application, the laser welding is performed by measuring the resistance of the welded portion by the laser welding control device 20 while the laser welding is performed by the laser welding device 10, and the target resistance R TG is based on the real-time resistance value R MS of the welded portion, and when R MS=RTG, the laser welding device 10 issues a stop command to stop the laser welding.
Specifically, the laser welding control device 20 measures the real-time resistance value R MS of the welding site by using the resistance measuring unit 22, and the resistance measuring unit 22 transmits a real-time resistance signal to the control unit 21.
The control unit 21 performs data transmission with a computer (PC) 23 in which the real-time resistance value is compared with a target resistance value. The computer (PC) 23 gives a corresponding instruction to the comparison result, which is transmitted to the laser welding apparatus 10 via the control unit 21 for a corresponding operation.
Specifically, the laser welding apparatus 10 adjusts the welding state by changing parameters such as laser power, laser sweep rate, and the like. And stopping welding after receiving the instruction of R MS=RTG, otherwise, continuing to adjust related laser parameters to continue welding.
In the laser welding apparatus 10 in the laser welding system 100, the laser oscillator 11 performs pulse welding within a welding time of 0.01ms to 100s per shot point by pulse oscillation and pulse irradiation with laser light. The laser welding control device 20 repeatedly measures the resistance of the welded portion between each point or a plurality of points by the resistance measurement unit 22 while the laser welding device 10 performs welding, and the measured resistance value R MS obtained as a result of the measurement is returned to the control unit 21.
The target resistance value R TG of the resistance at the weld may be the resistance value at the deepest of the weld where the stress is to be guaranteed to be less than the allowable stress. That is, when the plate material 2 superimposed on the welding object 1 is irradiated with the laser light L to perform welding, the welded portion exhibits performance by having the same or higher allowable stress and material strength as those of the welding pair 1.
In addition, the above-mentioned welded portion is required not only in terms of mechanical strength, but also in terms of resistance value itself if it is a component of an electrical element energized at the time of use, such as an electrode plate and a lead material of a battery. Therefore, the resistance of the welded portion should be reduced to an allowable resistance range, and the target resistance value of the welded portion resistance should be within an allowable resistance range required as a component of the electric element.
The laser welding apparatus 10 alone cannot measure the post-weld molten state since reflected light and infrared rays can be measured only at the time of laser emission. However, the state after melting after welding can be measured by measuring the resistance of the welded portion by the resistance measuring unit 22 by the laser welding control device 20 and controlling the driving of the laser welding device 10 by the control unit 21.
The laser welding system 100 can obtain a high-quality welding state in which the stress and resistance value at the welding site are within the required allowable ranges by controlling the driving of the laser welding apparatus 10 by the laser welding control apparatus 20, and the target resistance value R TG of the resistance at the welding site. According to the above, as shown in fig. 4 (a), the welding state is shown in fig. 4 (B) when the welding process is normal. In order to avoid the occurrence of the scenario of fig. 4 (B), it is necessary to set the target resistance value according to allowable stress.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the present application can also be applied to a laser welding system 100 of a laser welding apparatus, in which the laser welding apparatus 10 irradiates laser light L onto a sheet material 2 superimposed on a welding object 1 by a scanning mechanism 15 having an irradiation position for moving the laser light L to perform a welding operation.
In the laser welding system 100, the laser welding apparatus 10 includes a scanning mechanism 15, the scanning mechanism 15 includes a motor 15A and a swinging mechanism 15B, and the laser welding apparatus 10 in the laser welding system 100 is combined with the laser welding apparatus 10 in the laser welding system 100.
The laser welding system 100 includes a laser welding apparatus 10 having a scanning mechanism 15 and a laser welding control apparatus 20 that controls driving of the laser welding apparatus 10. The control unit 21 of the laser welding control device 20 measures the resistance of the welding part by the resistance measuring unit 22, and simultaneously moves the irradiation position of the laser L to weld, and stops welding when the real-time resistance value R MS=RTG.
In the laser welding system 100, the control unit 21 moves the irradiation position of the laser light L of the laser welding apparatus 10 at the movement speed V 1 while the resistance measuring unit 22 measures the resistance of the welded portion to obtain the measured resistance value R MS, the real-time resistance value R MS=RTG, and the welding is stopped. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a linear welding area AR along the locus of movement of the laser light L irradiation position can be formed by applying the foregoing method. The welding area has a high-quality welding state, and the stress and the resistance value of the welding position are within the required allowable range.
In other embodiments, if the scanning mechanism 15 in the laser welding apparatus 10 moves the irradiation position of the laser light L in two dimensions, a plurality of linear welding regions or a curved welding region may be formed.
In the laser welding system 100, various metals such as cold rolled steel sheets (SPCC, SPCD), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and the like can be used as a material to be welded, and the present application is preferably applied to welding between the same metals and between different metals, particularly, welding between different metals where it is difficult to obtain a high quality welding state.
The laser oscillator 11 may pulse-irradiate the laser light L by pulse oscillation to perform pulse welding on the laser welding apparatus 10, and the laser oscillator 11 may emit the laser light L by continuous oscillation.
Preferably, the resistance measurement unit 22 employs in situ measurements, with a test probe of the resistance measurement unit disposed proximate the weld head. The resistance measuring unit 22 is adopted for in-situ measurement, so that the change of the resistance can be monitored in real time, and the resistance value is fed back to a computer for data analysis, so that a good welding effect is achieved by issuing corresponding instructions in time.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method of welding, comprising:
s1, acquiring initial resistance values among welding workpieces when the welding workpieces are not welded;
s2, determining a target resistance value according to the initial resistance value;
S3, measuring real-time resistance values among the welded workpieces while welding;
And S4, stopping welding when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value.
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein,
And the limiting resistance value when the welding seams among different welding workpieces reach allowable stress is the minimum value of the target resistance value.
3. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein,
And the maximum bearing resistance value of the welding workpiece is the maximum value of the target resistance value.
4. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein,
The step S4 further includes: and when the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value, changing the distance between the welding head and the welding seam, and moving the welding head away from the molten pool.
5. The welding method according to claim 4, wherein,
The step S3 further includes: and when the real-time resistance value is larger than the target resistance value, the welding head continuously welds towards the depth direction of the molten pool.
6. The welding method according to claim 4, wherein,
And obtaining the size of the welding head and the type of the welding head, determining the maximum depth of the molten pool according to the size, the type and the target resistance value, and when the depth of the molten pool reaches the maximum depth, enabling the real-time resistance value to be equal to the target resistance value.
7. A welding control system, comprising
A control unit for controlling the moving direction of the welding equipment;
The resistance measurement unit is used for measuring a real-time resistance value and feeding the real-time resistance value back to the control unit;
and stopping welding when the real-time resistance value received by the control unit is consistent with a preset target resistance value.
8. The welding control system of claim 7, wherein,
The welding device further comprises a scanning mechanism for determining a real-time position of the welding device;
When the real-time resistance value is equal to the target resistance value, the scanning mechanism sends the real-time position to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the displacement direction of the welding head according to the real-time position.
9. The welding control system of claim 8 wherein,
The resistance measuring unit adopts in-situ measurement, and a test probe of the resistance measuring unit is arranged near the welding head.
CN202410435670.XA 2024-04-11 2024-04-11 Welding method and control system Pending CN118253851A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410435670.XA CN118253851A (en) 2024-04-11 2024-04-11 Welding method and control system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410435670.XA CN118253851A (en) 2024-04-11 2024-04-11 Welding method and control system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN118253851A true CN118253851A (en) 2024-06-28

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CN202410435670.XA Pending CN118253851A (en) 2024-04-11 2024-04-11 Welding method and control system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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