CN1182385A - Pressure vessel and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents

Abstract

A pressure vessel according to the invention has a feature comprising an inner shell having a gas barrier property and a pressure outer shell provided in a manner to cover the inner shell, the outer shell being composed of FRP containing a reinforming fiber and a resin and having a tensile elastic modulus of 35 CPa or more and a tensile rupture strain of 1.5% or more. Also, a method of manufacturing a pressure vessel, according to the invention, has a feature comprising forming a pressure out shell around an inner shell by means of a filament winding method or a tape winding method.

Description

Pressure vessel and manufacture method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to various pressure vessels, particularly be applicable to the pressure vessel that is contained on the automobile.

Technical background

In recent years, in the U.S. and other countries, with the natural gas automobile of fuel all paying close attention to as what hang down the public hazards car.The pressure vessel that is called CNG air accumulator (Compressed Natural Gas Tank) of the jar that acts as a fuel generally is housed on such automobile.

Such automobile pressure vessel be to adopt metals such as steel or aluminium alloy to make traditionally, but metal product is heavy, so the running car that makes the Unit Weight fuel of supplying with automobile is apart from shortening.And, the caloric value of Unit Weight natural gas is less than half of gasoline, so, under of no help situation of giving, the distance that can travel is identical with gasoline car, then must load the amount of natural gas of about twice amount of gasoline, so also can increase the gross weight of automobile, so above-mentioned running car distance also can shorten.Therefore, a method that increases this running car distance is the lightweight that makes pressure vessel.

On the fair 5-88665 communique of spy, put down in writing and a kind ofly encased plastic inner shell and the pressure vessel that forms with gas barrier properties by the FRP with resistance to pressure (reinforced fiber plastics) shell.Constitute because this pressure vessel is actually by plastics, so, compare with metallic article light, if with it as natural (gas) pressure vessel that automobile is used, then be expected to increase above-mentioned running car distance.But on the one hand, it is big that FRP and metal are compared fragility, so, when the collision accident taking place or be subjected to impacting, worry instantaneous breakdown can take place debris damage human body, natural gas leaking and produce fire because of other reason.And, if the state of development that automobile destroys in the observation collision accident etc., can repeatedly see along with the development that destroys, when being subjected to impacting several times with a part, even initial impact can not cause breaking, but when being subjected to secondary pulse at same position, even lower impact energy, the pressure vessel of FRP is broken, the result has occurred impacting the identical situation of situation that just causes to break with 1 time, like this, the fuel pressure container used of pressure vessel, particularly automobile, do not break when requiring certainly to be subjected to 1 impact, also require when being subjected to repeated stock, also to continue to keep its withstand voltage properties.Prevent and withstand voltage properties that this breaks keep, and the method for certain available raising safety coefficient solves.But so, weight increases, and has destroyed the great advantage as FRPization, and promptly light-weighted advantage makes manufacturing cost rise.

In addition, at United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 253, put down in writing a kind of like this pressure vessel in No. the 4th, 925,044, No. 778, United States Patent (USP): at the plastic inner shell peristome with bonding agent in conjunction with metal joint, metal joint edge portion connects with the shape of imbedding plastic inner shell, the FRP shell of outsourcing resistance to pressure again.

This pressure vessel is compared also quite light with metallic article, if as the automobile pressure vessel, be expected to increase the running car distance.But such metal joint is not that mechanical type is connected with the combination of plastic inner shell, so, when metal joint or its periphery are subjected to impacting, may destroy the tightlock status of metal joint and plastic inner shell, the pressure vessel gas inside is spilt.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of pressure vessel, it has solved the above-mentioned shortcoming of traditional pressure vessel, the product of light weight that yes, and, even when being subjected to repeated stock, also have good withstand voltage properties, be the high pressure vessel of a kind of reliability.

Another object of the present invention provides the manufacture method of this pressure vessel.

In order to achieve the above object, pressure vessel provided by the invention is provided with inner casing and shell, and wherein, inner casing has gas barrier properties, and shell has resistance to pressure and inner casing is encased; It is characterized in that this shell is made of the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin, and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 1.5%.

In addition, the invention provides the manufacture method of a kind of manufacture method of pressure vessel as this pressure vessel.It is characterized in that: have on the inner casing of gas barrier properties, form shell with long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation with withstand voltage shape, this shell is made of the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin, and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 1.5%.

Pressure vessel of the present invention, be provided with constitute by the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the shell more than 1.5%, and the inner casing that will have gas barrier properties encases, so, even when being subjected to repeated stock, also have good withstand voltage properties, reliability height and in light weight.Therefore, pressure vessel of the present invention is particularly suitable as and requires in light weight and the extra high vapour vehicle CNG of reliability air accumulator.

Utilize the manufacture method of pressure vessel of the present invention, can low-cost manufacturing have good withstand voltage properties, reliability height and lightweight pressure vessel.

The simple declaration of drawing

The summary skiagraph of one form of implementation of Fig. 1 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The major part skiagraph of the another form of implementation of Fig. 2 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The C part amplification profile diagram of Fig. 3 pressure vessel shown in Figure 2.

The outline flowchart of Fig. 4 the present invention one routine pressure vessel fabricating method.

Fig. 5 is used for the summary sectional drawing of the straight roller of an example of the present invention's one routine pressure vessel fabricating method.

Fig. 6 is used for the summary sectional drawing of the straight roller of another example of the present invention's one routine pressure vessel fabricating method.

The outline flowchart of Fig. 7 another routine pressure vessel fabricating method of the present invention.

The sectional drawing of Fig. 8 reinforcing fiber bundles one example.

The local skiagraph in the shell cross section of the another form of implementation of Fig. 9 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The outline flowchart of the another routine pressure vessel fabricating method of Figure 10 the present invention.

The local skiagraph of one square shoulder portion of the another form of implementation of Figure 11 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The local skiagraph of the opposing party's shoulder of the another form of implementation of Figure 12 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The local skiagraph of one square shoulder portion of the another form of implementation of Figure 13 pressure vessel of the present invention.

Figure 14, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 22. the local skiagraph of the various terminal portion periphery of the another form of implementation of Figure 28～Figure 35 pressure vessel of the present invention.

The amplifier section skiagraph of pressure vessel in the variation of Figure 15 structure shown in Figure 14.

The example of Figure 18～Figure 20 shows that sealing ring section configuration, be the schematic partial sectional view of sealing ring.

The amplifier section skiagraph of pressure vessel in the another variation of Figure 21 structure shown in Figure 14.

Figure 23～shown in Figure 27 for the various examples of the sag and swell of Figure 22 center tap, be the part perspective view of joint.

In addition, symbology is as follows among the figure: 1, pressure vessel.2, inner casing.3, shell.4, nozzle is installed and is used joint.5, nozzle.6, lug boss.A, barrel.B, end socket portion.E, enhancement layer.101, bobbin cradle.102, reel.103, fortifying fibre silk.104, reinforcing fiber bundles (before the impregnating resin).105, fortifying fibre deflector roll.106a, 106b, 107a, 107b, 108, separate roller.109, resin impregnation tank.110, resin.111a, 111b, 111c, roller.112, resin dipping reinforcing fiber bundles.113,113a, 113b, 113c, deflector roll.114,114a, 114b, feeding roller.115, resin extruded rubber ring.116, carriage.117, spinning wheel support.118, cylinder.118a, hollow bulb.119, inner casing.The turning cylinder of 119a fuse.120, device of rotation driving.121, shell.

The optimised form that invention is implemented

The present invention is described in detail with reference to one of them embodiment, and in Fig. 1, pressure vessel 1 is provided with the inner casing 2 of tool gas barrier properties and the FRP matter shell 3 of tool resistance to pressure, and make shell 3 cover this inner casing 2.This pressure vessel 1, be provided with on the whole barrel A, connecting cylinder body A the B of end socket portion, joint 4 that nozzle uses and nozzle 5 mounted thereto be installed, be located at the lug boss 6 of opposition side.

According to above narration, inner casing has the effect of leaking gas of preventing.And, as the back is narrated, the core body the when shell that also can be used as the tool resistance to pressure forms.

Inner casing for example can adopt resins such as metal such as alloy in lightweight such as aluminium alloy or magnesium alloy or polyvinyl resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, ABS resin, polybutene terephthalic acid (TPA) salt resin, polyacetal resin, polycarbonate resin to make.Aspect excellent impact resistance, ABS resin is best.The inner casing that this resinoid is made, for example available blow molding manufactured.In addition, also can adopt compound blow molding method to form sandwich construction: at the good for example polyamide layer of for example high-density polyethylene resin layer therebetween one deck air-tightness of good rigidly.Have, the also available FRP of inner casing makes again.The inner casing that this class FRP makes, for example can adopt the described fibre length that is made of fortifying fibre that contains in back is that the resin of the short fiber of 2～10mm is radial and forms.

In order to improve the performance of leaking gas of preventing of inner casing, can preferably adopt the form that forms vapour barrier at inner surface and/or outer surface.For example, when blow molding,, just can on the inner surface of inner casing, form the vapour barrier that constitutes by fluororesin film if be blown into gas with fluorine-containing nitrogen conduct.In addition, on the outer surface, the plated film that can form metals such as copper, nickel, chromium is as vapour barrier.The formation of metal coating can be adopted electrolytic film plating method and electroless plating embrane method.When utilizing compound blow molding manufactured inner casing, the good polyamide layer of gas barrier properties also can be set in the inboard, be beneficial to form metal coating at for example ABS resin layer of the easy plated film of arranged outside.

In addition, on the inner casing, the cyclic rib that along the circumferential direction extends is designed with the interval of 2.5～5cm in face or outside within it.Such inner casing can use-case such as following method obtain, that is, make the inner casing of perpendicular dimidiation with ribbing and that be made of plastics earlier, they are bonded on become one again.This rib can improve the intensity of inner casing, prevents inner casing distortion when the described shell in formation back, thus and the outer cover intensity decline or the irregular withstand voltage properties reduction that causes of intensity that help preventing or setover and cause owing to the crooked of fortifying fibre.

Referring again to Fig. 1, on the barrel A of inner casing, be provided with the described ring that constitutes by the fortifying fibre silk in one deck back etc., and the enhancement Layer E of the FRP that makes by the fabric of this fortifying fibre silk etc. and resin compounded of configuration.This enhancement Layer E also can extend to the part of the B of end socket portion.But, also can not establish enhancement Layer in the present invention.

Shell is to be made by the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin, and its tensile modulus of elasticity is more than 35Gpa, and the tension failure strain is more than 1.5%.By constitute make by FRP and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the shell 1.5% or more, pressure vessel even face repeatedly impact, also can keep having good withstand voltage properties, and become the high product of reliability.Tensile modulus of elasticity should be more than 37Gpa, and 40Gpa is above better.Tensile modulus of elasticity is during less than 35Gpa, and deflection is excessive when being impacted, and may cause the inner casing breakage, and gas leaks.And (intensity) weakens under impact repeatedly.And tension failure strain aspect, minimum must 1.5%, should be more than 1.7%, 2.0% or more better.If less than 1.5%, the damage of fortifying fibre when being impacted, fracture obviously when being subjected to repeated stock, even the initial damage that impact caused is very little, but when being subjected to impacting once more at same position, may causes gas to leak and break.

Such shell, for example, can be with above-mentioned inner casing as rotating cylinder, well-known long filament circumvolution method of employing or long roll coil of strip winding form the volume layer of the fortifying fibre silk that contains resin on its circumference, reshape to form.

Below, the example by the concrete grammar of long filament circumvolution manufactured shell is described.That is,, collect certain radical and form reinforcing fiber bundles 104, be sent to deflector roll 105 from each reel 102 spun fortifying fibre 103 of bobbin cradle 101.Deflector roll 105, in the present embodiment, by a pair of free live-rollers 106a, the 106b of in fact along continuous straight runs extension, at a pair of free live-rollers 107a, 107b its downstream, that extend in fact along the vertical direction, and the free live-rollers 108 of in fact along continuous straight runs extension constitutes.Utilize this deflector roll 105, be combined into the reinforcing fiber bundles 104 of roughly deciding section configuration and be imported into resin impregnation tank 109.

Reinforcing fiber bundles 104 resin 110 that infiltrates in resin impregnation tank 109 can be made shell 121 with decided angle in the reinforcing fiber bundles 112 of this resin that will infiltrate on the inner casing 119 that rotates.The method of infiltration resin can adopt method of impregnation shown in Figure 4 on reinforcing fiber bundles 104, perhaps adopts the carrying roller mode.In addition, between inner casing and shell, design in the enhancement Layer, if will also comprise its surface is the matsurface of 10 μ m～200 μ m in the outer surface formation average roughness value of interior inner casing, can prevent that the fortifying fibre silk skids when wrapping wire, can reduce the disorder that fortifying fibre distributes.

In this long filament circumvolution method, usually between resin impregnation tank 109 and inner casing 119, be provided with the guiding device that guides for example deflector roll 113 that soaks resiniferous reinforcing fiber bundles 112 and on institute's allocation of inner casing dead ahead inner casing, soak the feeding roller 114 of resiniferous reinforcing fiber bundles with decided angle coiling.

Deflector roll 105,113 is made of live-rollers or stationary roll.In addition, the roller of also can adopt the pears roller, electroplating etc. if use the little roller of coefficient of friction as these rollers, can almost completely be eliminated the damage to reinforcing fiber bundles as deflector roll.

Though usually for the reinforcing fiber bundles that is directed can not come off from roller surfaces, feeding roller is to be made of the straight roller that two ends are provided with flange, but for the width that makes the reinforcing fiber bundles that is directed certain, also can be on feeding roller, the design groove that certain intervals is arranged as shown in Figure 5 perhaps is provided with the recess that certain width is arranged as shown in Figure 6.

Like this, the reinforcing fiber bundles 112 resulting formed body behind lamination on the surface of inner casing 119 with impregnating resin carries out the heat hardening of certain hour according to the hardening of resin condition.And, preferably that formed body is horizontal between hardening period, and rotate in a circumferential direction, the hardening of resin non-uniform phenomenon can be reduced.

In addition, if under final hardening temperature, the shaping thing is handled at short notice, then the sclerosis caloric value of shell 121 inside high and in the enclosure layer produce the crack, extrude in a large number hastily owing to resin again, layer is easy to generate the space in the enclosure, so hardening temperature is preferably controlled by following method.Promptly, preferably according to the difference of using resin, generally in the sclerosis initial stage, carry out for a long time the cure process in early stage with 50 ℃～90 ℃ temperature province, like this, both can prevent to follow the heating functioin of shell internal layer and the crack that produces, resin is slowly extruded, reduce the space, afterwards, be warmed up to final hardening temperature again and harden.

The fortifying fibre silk can adopt carbon fibre silk, glass fiber or high strength, highly elastic fiber silks such as organic highly elastic fiber silk such as poly-aramid fibre for example.These fortifying fibre silks, the stress when crooked is concentrated little, and the generation in space is few, and in this sense, it is best to open the good non-twist fiber filament of fibre.In addition, also these fortifying fibre silks can be mixed use.Wherein, use, also be expected to reduce manufacturing cost even glass fiber that elastic modelling quantity is low and carbon fibre silk mix.As and the method for usefulness, also can be on shell, spiral layers also can be twined the impregnation mixture resin of glass fibre and carbon fibre silk with glass fibre, hoop layer carbon fibre silk.

Even in such fortifying fibre silk, the relative intensity ratio of proportion (intensity with) and the relative resilient rate is good, fracture of wire or card nailing neps can take place when twining hardly, production performance improves is basic, can prevent to sneak into the decline that causes strength characteristics or the decline of impact resistance owing to the joint of silk or card nailing neps, should be the strand hot strength more than the 4.5Gpa, more better be more than 5.5Gpa, the strain of strand tension failure more than 2%, more better be at the carbon fibre silk more than 2.2%.Here said hot strength is the value of being measured by JIS-R7601, and the tension failure strain be the strand tensile modulus of elasticity measured with JIS-R7601 divided by hot strength after resulting value.

In addition, adopt this carbon fibre silk better, that is, on the basis of above-mentioned strand hot strength and tension failure emergent property, the surface relatively oxygen concentration (O/C) 0.30 below, the relative nitrogen concentration (N/C) in surface is at the carbon fibre silk below 0.02.Here relative oxygen concentration in said surface and surface be nitrogen concentration relatively, is the value of being measured by such as described below X linear light electricity optical spectroscopy.

The surface is oxygen concentration (O/C) relatively, at first, the carbon fibre silk of removing in solvent behind the surface conditioning agent is cut, and enlarge on the sample support platform of stainless steel arrange after, the photoelectricity beam is gone out angle is decided to be 90 °, use MgK α _1.2As X source, keep the sample inner chamber to have 1 * 10 ^-8The vacuum of Torr.As the charged peak value correction of following when measuring, at first C _1SThe binding energy value of main peak conform to 284.6eV.C _1SPeak area is tried to achieve by the datum line of making straight line in the scope of 282～296eV; O _1SPeak area is tried to achieve by the datum line of making straight line in the scope of 528～540eV.The surface is oxygen concentration (O/C) relatively, is to use above-mentioned O _1SPeak area and C _1SThe ratio of peak area, divided by the atomicity calculated of the intrinsic sensitivity correction value of device than expression.In addition, the value among the described in the back embodiment 2 is to be obtained by the ESCA-750 that Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd.'s (strain) makes, and the intrinsic sensitivity correction value of said apparatus is 2.85.

The surface is nitrogen concentration (N/C) relatively, at first, the carbon fibre silk of removing in solvent behind the surface conditioning agent is cut, and enlarge on the sample support platform of stainless steel arrange after, the photoelectricity beam is gone out angle is decided to be 90 °, use MgK α _1.2As X source, keep the sample inner chamber to have 1 * 10 ^-8The vacuum of Torr.As the charged peak value correction of following when measuring, at first C _1SThe binding energy value of main peak conform to 284.6eV.C _1SPeak area is tried to achieve by the datum line of making straight line in the scope of 282～296eV; N _1SPeak area is tried to achieve by the datum line of making straight line in the scope of 398～410eV.The surface is nitrogen concentration (N/C) relatively, is to use above-mentioned N _1SPeak area and C _1SThe ratio of peak area, divided by the atomicity calculated of the intrinsic sensitivity correction value of device than expression.In addition, the value among the described in the back embodiment 2 is to be obtained by the ESCA-750 that Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd.'s (strain) makes, and the intrinsic sensitivity correction value of said apparatus is 1.7.

The surface relatively oxygen concentration (O/C) 0.30 below, the surface relatively nitrogen concentration (N/C) be the filament that reactivity owing to resin that has improved the formation shell and carbon fibre silk is expected to improve the compressive resistance of shell at the carbon fibre silk more than 0.02.Therefore, when constituting shell by this carbon fibre silk, pressure vessel becomes in light weight and has extremely good impact resistance, pressure vessel that reliability is high.

The surface that to measure by such as mentioned above X linear light electricity optical spectroscopy relatively oxygen concentration (O/C) and surface relatively nitrogen concentration (N/C) be located at the carbon fibre silk of above-mentioned scope, oxidation processes that can be by carrying out electrolytic oxidation processing, gas phase or liquid phase etc. obtains.Below, the method with the manufacturing of electrolysis oxidation treatment method is described.

At this moment, can adopt any solution in acidity and the alkaline aqueous solution, the electrolyte of acidic aqueous solution specifically can adopt sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid etc.Should be the aqueous solution that contains ammonium ion, specifically can adopt ammonium hydrogencarbonate, carbonic acid ammonia, hydrogenation four alkane ammonia salt etc. or their mixture etc. as alkaline aqueous solution.Should be to increase surface ammonium hydrogencarbonate, the carbonic acid ammonia of nitrogen concentration (N/C) relatively especially.

Handling electric weight, should be the degree of carbonisation that is fit to processed carbon fibre silk, but descends and the crystalline viewpoint in reduction top layer from the hot strength that prevents carbon fibre silk matrix, and electrolytic treatments preferably adopts the repeatedly method of repeated treatments of little electric weight.Specifically, the energising amount of per 1 electrolytic cell of every 1g carbon fibre silk [coulomb number] should be at 1[coulomb/g groove] more than, 40[coulomb/g groove] below.

As electrifying method, can adopt between the direct direct energising that contacts with the electrode rod of carbon fibre silk or carbon fibre silk and the electrode rod any in the indirect energising by the electrolyte energising, but, preferably adopt young pilose antler when can suppress electrolytic treatments to hold up indirect energising with electronics spark etc. in order to obtain high hot strength.

In addition, after the electrolytic treatments, preferably wash, dry then.At this moment, in order to improve and the affinity of the described resin in back or caking property etc., make be present in the most surperficial functional group of carbon fibre silk can thermal decomposition, hope can be carried out drying with alap temperature, specifically, wish baking temperature below 250 ℃, more betterly carrying out drying below 210 ℃.

Be the resin that constitutes pressure vessel enclosure of the present invention then, can adopt thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, ethene fat resin, carbonic acid resin, or thermoplastic resins such as polyamide, polybutene terephthalic acid (TPA) salt resin, ABS resin, polyether ketone resin, polyphenylene sulfide, poly--4-methylbenzene-1 resin, acrylic resin.Particularly, preferably adopt the big resin of tension failure strain in order to increase the impact absorption energy in when distortion, i.e. tension failure strain should more than 3%, more better at the resin more than 5%.

And be roughly 1: 2 at axial tensile stress and ratio at the tensile stress of circumferencial direction by pressure vessel that interior pressure produced.Therefore, in order to reach both lightweights and to improve intensity or tensile modulus of elasticity, improve withstand voltage properties, it is better that then fortifying fibre adopts such formation: on shell, be provided with the fortifying fibre layer of the angle configurations of axial 0 °～± 15 °, preferably 0 °～± 5 ° of relative pressure vessels successively from the inboard, with ± 75 °～± 105 °, preferably ± 85 °～the fortifying fibre layer of ± 100 ° angle configurations, and ± the fortifying fibre layer of 30 °～± 60 °, preferably ± 40 °～± 50 ° angle configurations.And, can be located at 1: 1.5～2.5: 0.2～1.2 scope with the fortifying fibre layer of 0 °～± 15 ° angle configurations with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations and with the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations.Mainly, improve impact resistances with ± 30 °～± 60 ° layers with 0 °～± 15 ° and ± 75 °～± 105 ° layers raising withstand voltage properties.That is,, preferably ± 30 °～± 60 ° layers are configured in the outside in order to improve the remaining intensity after being impacted.

In addition, break when the hole appears in moment in order to prevent pressure vessel from being impacted, formation below fortifying fibre preferably adopts on shell, with isotropism in the raising face, promptly, be provided with successively from the inboard relative pressure vessel axially with ± 5 °～± 50 °, should be 25 °～± 40 ° angle configurations the fortifying fibre layer and with ± 75 °～± 105 °, should be ± 85 °～the fortifying fibre layer of ± 100 ° angle configurations.And the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 5 °～± 50 ° angle configurations and the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations preferably is located at 1.0: 1.0～2.0 scope.

In addition, because the effect that causes bending stress is pressed in partly being subjected in the boundary of barrel and end socket portion, preferred design gets thicker a little.And, be provided with the cover of above-mentioned resin or the FRP layer that constitutes by nonwoven and resin at the interlayer of each layer, if form outermost layer, then can disperse impact energy with same FRP layer, further improve impact resistance.Equally, the glass fibre that also available impact resistance is good or form outermost layer by the FRP layer that organic fiber and resin constitute is gone back the resin bed that available polyethylene resin, polyamide, urethane resin etc. constitute and is formed outermost layer.

Be contained in the gas in the pressure vessel of the present invention, have no particular limits, except that above-mentioned natural gas, also have nitrogen and oxygen, helium etc.

Pressure vessel of the present invention, the shell of pressure container cylinder portion has the layer structure more than 5 layers, and, when the relation between through thickness T (mm) and number of plies N satisfies the condition of 0.5≤T/N≤6, the resistance to pressure that can increase substantially barrel with relative from the external impact intensity of force.On this barrel, better method is with the layer of band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer and the layer of band fortifying fibre coiled region, along outer casing thickness direction alternate configurations.

Such pressure vessel, have the FRP shell of resistance to pressure and when making pressure vessel when forming on the circumference of the inner casing with gas barrier properties, with long filament circumvolution method, layer structure that can adopt the barrel of pressure vessel enclosure to form to have more than 5 layers and the mode of the satisfied 0.5≤T/N of the relation between through thickness T (mm) and the number of plies N≤6 conditions are made.

In this manufacture method, for example when utilizing long filament circumvolution method to form shell, fortifying fibre preferably adopts the ratio D/t of silk width of cloth D and thickness t before the resin dipping in the non-twist reinforcing fiber bundles more than 5.

In the related pressure vessel of this form of implementation, the shell 3 of FRP forms as shown in Figures 2 and 3 like that.That is, shell 3, its barrel forms the layer structure that has more than 5 layers.In this form of implementation, shell 3 adds up to constitute by 10 layers on barrel.Each layer distinguished with mutual different fortifying fibre arrangement angles between adjacent layer basically.But, the layer of one-tenth ± arrangement angles, for example become ± 30 °, ± 45 °, ± 75 °, ± layer of 85 ° fiber arrangement angles be with ± θ ° layer is 1 layer.

The end socket portion of shell 3, though constitute by 5 layers in this form of implementation, above layer structure also needn't be of five storeys.The barrel above layer structure that can be of five storeys.

On the barrel of shell 3, the layer 7a of configuration band fortifying fibre coiled region is as innermost layer, the layer 8a of configuration band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer on it, layer 8b, 8c, 8d, the 8e of layer 7b, the 7c of alternate configurations band fortifying fibre coiled region, 7d, 7e and band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer thereon then.The configuration of relevant this each layer also can be that innermost layer is the layer of band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, the layer of configuration band fortifying fibre coiled region it on, then thereon successively the alternate configurations hoop roll up layer and coiled region.

Hoop volume layer, when axially being 0 ° with air accumulator, then fortifying fibre be actually circumvolution along the circumferential direction layer, 90 ° yes in the function of ± 75 °～± 105 ° scope performance hoop volume layer.Coiled region is the volume layer in the scope beyond the hoop volume layer.

In this form of implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the layer 8a～8e of each band hoop volume layer extends to the terminal part of shell 3 barrel, and the end socket portion of shell 3 is to be extended and form from barrel by the layer 7a～7e that is with coiled region.Layer 8a～the 8e of above-mentioned band hoop volume layer also may extend to end socket portion.

In this form of implementation, if being T (mm), this barrel, the through thickness of shell 3 barrel constitutes the N that adds up to of the layer 7a～7e of shell 3 and 8a～8e, then (between T and the N) satisfies 0.5≤T/N≤6, at this moment, the thickness of each layer is little, and, also can make the through thickness of shell 3 less, simultaneously, can guarantee multi-ply construction more than 5 layers.

By shell 3, particularly barrel are designed to such multi-ply construction, can obtain following effect and effect.

At first, even when being subjected to making such as part appearance damage from the big impulsive force in outside, this damage also can be controlled in outermost layer 8e or its neighbour's layer, and la m is lived in protection, and making does not have fatal damage on the whole.That is,, can disperse caused stress when being subjected to impact load, prevent that damage from appearring in la m in the part by being designed to multi-ply construction.The dispersion of this stress except the damage that can prevent la m, can also be played the effect that absorbs impact energy, so, to compare when constituting or constituting with single by the minority layer by one deck, the damage of outermost layer part self also can alleviate.

Particularly as this form of implementation, the layer of band hoop volume layer is divided into multi-layer configuration as layer 8a～8e, make interlayer be difficult for rupturing, can keep high intensity to the impact of outside.

In addition, above-mentioned multi-ply construction is risen and voidage decline the fiber volume containing ratio of shell 3 integral body.For example, when shell 3 is formed by long filament circumvolution method, be to utilize each layer that stacks successively to make its down one deck circumvolution successively, so the resin of following one deck is extruded successively, the fiber volume containing ratio is increased, and, the space is extruded and low voidageization.Because its high fiber volume containing ratio and low voidageization increase substantially shell 3 integral intensity, quality is also improved significantly.

Have above-mentioned such constitute more than 5 layers and T/N more than 0.5, the shell 3 of 6 following scopes, can form by method for example shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 7 shows the method that forms shell on preformed inner casing with long filament circumvolution method.The fortifying fibre silk 212 (for example carbon fibre silk) of pulling out from each creel 211 is compiled and is reinforcing fiber bundles 213, in resin bath (groove) 214, soak resinous after, putting in order with a pair of pressure roller 215 is flat pattern, circumvolution afterwards is to inner casing 220.By controlling its circumvolution angle, form hoop volume layer and coiled region respectively successively.

Shell, as previously mentioned, though be necessary to do the multi-ply construction of straticulation, but Gui Ding thin layer in the present invention, for example as shown in Figure 8, can adopt the preceding silk of the resin dipping width of cloth D and the ratio D/t of thickness t to form in the non-twist reinforcing fiber bundles 216 more than 5 (for example, non-twist carbon fibre bundle).And in order to promote flattening, preferably has the good fibre of opening, the sort ofly good open fibre and can obtain with for example method shown in the special fair 5-29688 communique, promptly, on reinforcing fiber bundles, containing with poly epihydric alcohol ethers, cyclic resin adoption epoxides or their mixture is the surface conditioning agent of main component, and, satisfy the condition of above-mentioned D/t.Surface conditioning agent for example can utilize surface conditioning agent bringing device as shown in Figure 7 to impose surface conditioning agent, carries out drying, fixing with heating plate 218 or drying devices such as warm-up mill, hot air chamber.

On the reinforcing fiber bundles 216 that satisfies such condition, soak resinous, with pressure roller 215 be shaped as behind the fixed flat pattern, circumvolution to the side face of inner casing 220, thereby realize multi-ply construction of the present invention.

This method only needs open-and-shut devices such as additional surface inorganic agent bringing device and pressure roller 215, and mainly uses existing long filament circumvolution device, so, can be easy as can and low cost obtain desirable multi-ply construction.

On pressure vessel of the present invention, as inscape, shell contains reinforcing fiber bundles [X], thermosetting resin [Y], synthetic resin and/or thermoplastic resin [Z], and, if inscape [Z] is arranged on the periphery of the inscape [X] that occurs on the shell cross section, can make shell have toughness, keep high resistance to pressure, and, the expansion of crack or fortifying fibre damage be can control, resistance to impact, fatigue durability improved.

And the pressure vessel of this form of implementation can utilize preimpregnation line material to form the shell of pressure vessel.And preimpregnation line material contains above-mentioned inscape [X], [Y], [Z], and soaks on inscape [X] and contain inscape [Y], and its near surface has inscape [Z].

In this form of implementation, shell as shown in Figure 9, is made of inscape [X], [Y], [Z].

Formation should be 1,000～500 as the ultimate fibre radical of the reinforcing fiber bundles of inscape [X], and 000 ultimate fibre, more better 3,000～50 is in the 000 filamentary scope.And,, also the fine bundle of multi beam can be lumped together in order to obtain thick fibre bundle; On the contrary, thin fibre bundle be expected, also coarse fiber bundle the branch fibre can be carried out.

Thermosetting resin as inscape [Y] can exemplify out epoxy resin especially, generally is curing agent and hardening catalyst are used.Be that the epoxy resin of precursor is best particularly wherein with the compound of amino class, phenols, carbon containing-carbon dual structure.Specifically, as being the epoxy resin of precursor, can enumerate four-glycidyl MDA, three-glycidyl-p-amino phenols, three-glycidyl-m-amino phenols, three-glycidyl methylphenol etc. with amino class; As being the epoxy resin of precursor with the phenols, can enumerate bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, linear phenol aldehyde type epoxy resin, methylphenol phenol aldehyde type epoxy resin etc.; As the compound with carbon containing-carbon dual structure is the epoxy resin of precursor, can enumerate ring grease type epoxy resin etc.But also be not limited to these.In addition, can also be with the brominated epoxy resin after these epoxy resin brominations.

Curing agent can use acid anhydrides (acid of dry toluene Nasik), amino serial curing agent (phenylenediamine, first dialin, ethyl-methyl imidazoles, IPD etc. partially), polyaminoamide series curing agent, phenol series curing agent (two para hydroxybenzene sulfones) polymercaptan series curing agent, potentiality series curing agent (dicyandiamide etc.).In addition, also can be with boron trifluoride amine complex or the imidazolium compounds and the usefulness of these curing agents and so-called hardening catalyst.Ureaization that can also obtain with the addition reaction by carbimide and dimethylamine and thing are also used

In addition, as inscape [Y], also can use Malaya's polyimide resin, have the acetylene end resin, the terminal resin of acid is arranged, have cyanate ester resin, have the vinyl end resin, the resin of acrylic end is arranged.These resins also can be suitable for using with epoxy resin or other mixed with resin.In addition, also available reactive diluent, the modifier of heat of mixing moldable resin or elastomer etc. to hear resistance reduces little degree and uses.

And then, as inscape [Y], also available phenol resin, resorcinol resin, unsaturated polyester vinyl, these thermosetting resins of ethene fat resin in the extensive cognition of industrial quarters.

Inscape [Z] is elastomer and/or thermoplastic resin.

As thermoplastic resin, have representative be main chain be esteramides in conjunction with, acid imide in conjunction with, ester in conjunction with, ether in conjunction with, carbonic ester in conjunction with, urethanes in conjunction with, thioether in conjunction with, sulfone in conjunction with, imidazoles in conjunction with, hydroxyl in conjunction with in the thermoplasticity tree of combination.Particularly because poly-acetoacetic ester, polyamide, Merlon, polyacetals, poly-phenylene oxide, poly-phenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyester, polyamide-imides, polyimides, PEI, polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyethers ether ketone, poly-aromatic polyamides, polybenzimidazoles, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, resistance to impact are good, so, be suitable for as thermoplasticity tree of the present invention.Wherein, polyamide, polyimides, polyamide-imides, PEI, polyether sulfone, polysulfones have high tenacity and hear resistance is good, so, be specially adapted to the present invention.Wherein, also good especially and be best suited for the present invention with the toughness of polyamide.

As elastomer, also can use various materials such as synthetic rubber, but the thermoplasticity elastomer is specially adapted to the present invention.The thermoplasticity elastomer can be enumerated for example thermoplasticity elastomers such as polystyrene series, polyolefin series, polyester series, polyamide series.

When using epoxy resin as inscape [Y], the thermoplasticity elastomer of polystyrene series or polyolefin series is low for the solubility of epoxy resin, and polyester series and polyamide series are for required resin dissolves degree height, so, inscape [Y] has full intensity with engaging of inscape [Z], both can not separate when stress produced, and can obtain good composite, and are very suitable.

At this, the thermoplasticity elastomer of so-called polyester series or polyamide series is the thermoplasticity elastomer of the block copolymer type that partly is made of hard segment part and soft chain segment, and wherein, a hard section chain part is made by polyester or polyamide.

In this form of implementation, inscape [X], [Y], [Z] on the cross section of shell as shown in Figure 9.

That is, be inscape [Z] in periphery by the inscape [X] that constitutes with the integrally formed reinforcing fiber bundles of inscape [Y], between adjacent inscape [X], the part that in fact just is made of the resin that does not contain fortifying fibre is shown clearly.

On such cross section, establishing the length that connects adjacent 2 inscapes [X] geometric center is L ₁, the inscape [Z] that exists between adjacent 2 inscapes [X] that are connected with this straight line, promptly in fact only the length of the part of resinous formation is L ₂The time, wish its ratio L ₂/ L ₁Satisfy:

1/100≤L ₂/L ₁≤1/2

Should be:

1/50≤L ₂/L ₁≤1/4

Work as L ₂/ L ₁Less than 1/100 o'clock, can not play the effect that prevents that the crack from enlarging; And work as L ₂/ L ₁Greater than 1/2 o'clock, amount of resin increased, and air accumulator weight is increased.

Inscape shown in Figure 9 [X] part is the hardening thing of thermosetting resin, that is, [Y] is integrally formed with inscape, like this] around the integrally formed part, the part that just is made of resin of inscape [Z] is shown clearly.

In such cross-section structure, by the part of inscape [Z] formation, because be to constitute by resin based on elastomer and/or thermoplastic resin, so, compare with inscape [X] and the integrally formed part of inscape [Y], demonstrate high toughness.Therefore, can utilize this part to stop the crack to increase or fortifying fibre damage increase, thereby prevent that their from enlarging.Like this, can suppress to descend, make shell integral body keep good resistance to pressure and intensity because of the damage of crack or fortifying fibre causes gabarit resistance to pressure, intensity.

And, because above-mentioned high tenacity part self has the function of excellent absorption impact energy, so, increase substantially the resistance to impact of shell and then improved the resistance to impact of pressure vessel.

And, even when the same position of shell is subjected to repeated stock, increases, enlarge owing to can prevent fortifying fibre damage or crack, so, can not develop into fatal damage.

The shell 3 of pressure vessel as described above, be around preformed inner casing with gas barrier properties, form with for example long filament circumvolution method that preimpregnation line material contains inscape [X], [Y], [Z], soak and contain inscape [Y] and make inscape [Z] near surface on inscape [X] with preimpregnation line material.At this, inscape [Y] is the material before solidifying.

This preimpregnation line material inscape [Z] should be that material as described above is formed emboliform object.

As particle, its shape is not limited to spherical.Much less, though spherical good, also can use the fine-powdered body after resin mass pulverized or adopt the various materials that obtain with spray drying process, reprecipitation method also not have anti-as particulate form.In addition, also available soft fibre, also have needle-like, mono-crystlling fibre.Particularly when using spherical particle, can directly use the goods that obtain by suspension polymerization.

The size of particle is represented that by particle diameter particle diameter at this moment is the volume average particle size of trying to achieve with centrifugal sedimentation tachometric method etc.

The particle diameter of the particle that uses among the present invention is suitable for the scope at 2 μ m～150 μ m, and more better is scope at 5 μ m～100 μ m.Than 2 μ m hours, particle is configured in the periphery of reinforcing fiber bundles, at this moment, also in inscape [Y] was infiltrated gap between the fortifying fibre ultimate fibre, therefore, particle not only was present on the surface of preimpregnation line material particle.And when 2 μ m were above, the matrix resin that contains particle permeated in reinforcing fiber bundles, and at this moment, particle is discharged from the gap between the fortifying fibre ultimate fibre,, is enhanced fiber filter that is, so, only be present on the surface of preimpregnation line material.

But, the shape of particle, when the anisotropy degree is big as soft fibre, needle-like, mono-crystlling fibre, even little also being difficult to of particle diameter immerse between the fibril, thereby the lip-deep tendency that is excluded at preimpregnation line material is arranged.And even the little particle of size ratio 2 μ m, owing to mix with inscape [Y], inscape [Y] immerses it is expanded, and it is big that the particle diameter of profile becomes, and at this moment, above-mentioned particle diameter notion is applicable to the particle diameter of profile.

When particle diameter surpasses 150 μ m, the arrangement disorder of fortifying fibre, fibre bundle interval or the layer thickness each other on the FRP shell that obtains that is shaped is being necessary more than the thickness, so, the rerum natura of the shell of FRP is descended.But, even have the particle that surpasses 150 μ m particle diameters, such material is also arranged, promptly, be out of shape owing to heating owing to the particle that is partly dissolved in the material that diminishes in the inscape [Y] in being shaped or in being shaped, make between fibril or the interlayer of FRP shell has than narrow material before being shaped, be applicable to that also this situation uses.

In addition, the optimum value of relevant particle diameter, different different because of the filamentary external diameter of employed fortifying fibre or filamentary radical sometimes.

And the fibrous material of also available formation is as inscape [Z].As fiber, can be long fibre, also can be short fiber.At this, so-called long fibre is meant the fiber of length more than 5cm, and short fiber is meant the fiber of length below 5cm.When inscape [Z] when being fiber, if its ultimate fibre fiber number is excessive, because fibre bundle interval or the interlayer each other on the FRP shell do not have the part of inscape [X] to have the arrangement disorder of unnecessary thickness, fortifying fibre [X], the rerum natura of formed body is reduced, so, should be below 15 daniers, better below 5 daniers.

In addition, when inscape [Z] when being fiber, owing to operation such as will extend, the degree of crystallinity of this fiber should be more than 40%.If degree of crystallinity is low, humidity resistance is descended.

And inscape [Z], the original shape in back that keeps being shaped is also passable, and shape disappears, and also it doesn't matter.

Preimpregnation line material in this form of implementation, its longitudinally vertical cross section be preferably pancake, like this, can obtain cross-sectional configuration as shown in Figure 9 easily, and then obtain meeting shell lightweight requirements, that thickness is little easily.The length of flat its major axis of section configuration like this is preferably in below the above 5mm of 2mm.

On the pressure vessel enclosure of this form of implementation, inscape [Z] is preferably in in groups inscape [X] matrix resin on every side.Do not satisfy under the situation of such condition, for example the deep inside in inscape [X] has a large amount of inscapes [Z], at this moment, energy absorption at borderline region is insufficient, constitute the resistance to impact of the FRP of shell, the raising DeGrain of anti-destruction toughness, and, the arrangement disorder of fortifying fibre, the distributive law of matrix resin descends near the fortifying fibre, has the impaired danger of intensity and hear resistance.

For such viewpoint, the distribution situation of the inscape [Z] before being shaped in the preimpregnation line material preferably like this, that is, the major part of inscape [Z] preferably is distributed in the near surface of preimpregnation line material.When forming shell by such preimpregnation line material, because inscape [Z] is present in the zone between preimpregnation line material, so, can obtain the good FRP of resistance to impact.At this, what is called is distributed near surface, and specifically, what be meant inscape [Z] is distributed in 30% position from the outer peripheral face of preimpregnation line material to preimpregnation line material minimum thickness more than 90%.Inscape [Z] be distributed in 30% position more than 90% from the outer peripheral face of preimpregnation line material to preimpregnation line material minimum thickness the time, effect of the present invention is more remarkable, so better.

Adopt such preimpregnation line material, the shell of pressure vessel involved in the present invention can be shaped with method for example shown in Figure 10.

In method as shown in figure 10, the fortifying fibre silk of extracting out from a plurality of creels 311 312 is assembled reinforcing fiber bundles 313, and this reinforcing fiber bundles 313 is passed through in the 1st resin bathing pool 314 the impregnated matrix resin 315 that is made of thermosetting resin.This resin dipping reinforcing fiber bundles 316 is that main body is adhered to inscape [Z] 317 near surface then by in the groove 318 that particle shape or Powdered inscape [Z] 317 are housed with resin dipping reinforcing fiber bundles 316.Then, adhered to the reinforcing fiber bundles 319 of inscape [Z] 317, in the 2nd resin bathing pool 320, the matrix resin 321 that is made of thermosetting resin adheres to from the teeth outwards, perhaps immerses from the surface.In addition, also can save the 2nd resin bathing pool 320.

Flood reinforcing fiber bundles 322 from the 2nd resin bathing pool 320 resins that come out, that near surface is attached with inscape [Z],, form shell 302 in the long filament of the usefulness on every side circumvolution method of inner casing 2, with the circumvolution of decided circumvolution angle.After the circumvolution,, form desired shell 302 by with the resin heat hardening.

In such manufacture method, owing to can save the 2nd resin bathing pool 320, so, in fact as long as on traditional long filament circumvolution device, add the attachment device of inscape [Z], can form that to hang down with simple and cost be the good shell of resistance to pressure of target.

In addition, on pressure vessel of the present invention, when the innermost layer of above-mentioned shell shoulder is the hoop volume layer of band fortifying fibre, can fully improve the resistance to pressure of shoulder.

This pressure vessel, can be by such method manufacturing: on the shoulder outer peripheral face of inner casing with gas barrier properties, configuration band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, by the enhancement layer that fortifying fibre and resin constitute, around this enhancement layer and inner casing, form FRP shell with resistance to pressure.

On the pressure vessel of this form, be provided with innermost layer at the shoulder of shell, this innermost layer band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, and this fortifying fibre has the function of enhancement layer.This can utilize long filament circumvolution method as the innermost layer of enhancement layer, perhaps disposes unidirectional preforming material and forms.Particularly when utilizing long filament circumvolution method to form, if on the shoulder outer peripheral face of inner casing, form extension along the circumferential direction and, then can prevent fortifying fibre silk or the resin dipping fortifying fibre silk slip of circumvolution at circumferencial direction at the stairstepping that paragraph is axially arranged.

As shown in Figure 11, the innermost layer 9a of shell 3 shoulder 3a forms the layer of band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer.In this form of implementation, innermost layer 9a is made of the FRP layer that utilizes long filament circumvolution method to be shaped.In this form of implementation, owing on the barrel periphery of inner casing 2, be provided with enhancement layer E, so above-mentioned innermost layer 9a just in time begins from the end of enhancement layer E till the middle part of the B of end socket portion and forms.The formation of the hoop volume layer of this innermost layer 9a can be when utilizing long filament circumvolution method to form enhancement layer E, forms as its form that prolongs layer, also can form separately.This innermost layer 9a also have the shoulder enhancement layer function, can bring into play high-tension and the inside pressure of diameter can be brought into play the function of the enhancement layer of high resistance to pressure at circumferencial direction.

In this form of implementation, on the shoulder outer peripheral face of inner casing 2, form extension along the circumferential direction and the stepped part 10a of paragraph is axially being arranged.This stepped part 10a can form in the position of the above-mentioned innermost layer 9a of correspondence.For the paragraph a and the width b of each stairstepping, for example a is suitable for scope, b at 0.5～2mm and is suitable for scope at 1～5mm.

By designing so stepped part 10a, when utilizing long filament circumvolution method to form innermost layer 9a, can prevent the slip of fortifying fibre silk or resin dipping fortifying fibre silk, desired hoop volume layer can accurately be formed in desirable position.On this innermost layer 9a, what form shell 3 removes innermost layer 9a other parts outside.This shell 3 also wishes to form with FRP.

In this form of implementation, the shoulder 3b of lug boss 6 sides in fact also has the same form of the composition.That is, as shown in Figure 12, the layer 9b of design band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer forms other parts of shell 3 in the above as the innermost layer 9b of shell 3.On the shoulder of inner casing 2, form above-mentioned same stepped part 10b.

In the manufacture method of the related pressure vessel of this form of implementation, for example under the situation that inner casing 2 is made of plastics, at first, when inner casing 2 blow moldings, the inner casing 2 of shaping and joint 6 are combined into one.After inner casing 2 is shaped, form shell 3 again, inner casing 2 is encased with resistance to pressure; But at first to form innermost layer 9a, 9b, perhaps on them, form barrel enhancement layer E as the shoulder enhancement layer.This innermost layer 9a, 9b can form for core body by inner casing 2, that is, utilize long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation to form.Particularly when utilizing long filament circumvolution method to form, the stepped part 10a, the 10b that are located on the inner casing 2 shoulder outer peripheral faces be can utilize, the fortifying fibre silk that circumvolution is got on or the slip of resin dipping fortifying fibre silk prevented.

After innermost layer 9a, 9b form, form the remainder of shell 3.Under the situation that shell 3 is made of FRP, remainder also can utilize long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation to form.

The shell 3 of Cheng Xinging like this on its shoulder, constitutes because its innermost layer is a layer by band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, so, also the high-tension of circumferencial direction is effectively brought into play at shoulder, and can be improved the resistance to pressure of inwardly pressing effectively at the footpath.

Figure 13 shows that another form of implementation.And, the shoulder of joint 4 sides of only having drawn among Figure 13, the shoulder of lug boss 6 sides also adopts same structure.In this form of implementation, the innermost layer 9c of shell 3 shoulders is formed by unidirectional preforming material, promptly, unidirectional preforming material is configured in institute's allocation of shoulder and makes the orientation of fortifying fibre silk consistent with circumferencial direction, under temporary fixed state, form the remainder of shell 3 thereon, owing to disposed the unidirectional preforming material of cover shape that is shaped in advance, so, can not need stepped part as Figure 11 or inner casing shoulder as shown in Figure 12.Even such form of the composition, because innermost layer 9c band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, so, can improve the resistance to pressure of inwardly pressing at the footpath of shell 3 shoulders and even pressure vessel shoulder effectively.And, because the unidirectional preforming material that will be shaped in advance only is configured in institute's allocation, so, be easy to form as shell integral body.

On pressure vessel of the present invention, be provided with the nozzle installation joint that is contained in above-mentioned inner casing head, on the end face of this head and nozzle is installed with joint setting-in sealing ring, and, when the press-in device that the end face direction that is provided with this head of sealing hoop is pressed into, can fully improve inner casing and mouth air-tightness with the joint joint portion is installed.

Such pressure vessel can be by following method manufacturing: will have the inner casing of gas barrier properties and mouth and install and lump together with junction, around this inner casing, form shell with resistance to pressure, before forming shell, setting-in sealing ring on the joint of this inner casing head end, and, be provided with the press-in device that the end face direction with this head of sealing hoop is pressed into, utilize this press-in device to make the sealing ring produce strain, the sealing ring after the distortion closely is connected with the end face of head and the outer peripheral face of joint at least.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 14, joint 4 is provided with joint portion 4a, and this joint portion 4a axially is extended to horn-like in the bottom to it; The head 2a of inner casing 2 extends to the outer peripheral portion of joint 4 from joint portion 4a.Inner casing 2, contain head 2a at the inner peripheral surface at interior position, combine with the outer peripheral face of joint 4.Joint 4 make by for example metal and inner casing 2 by when for example plastics are made, when inner casing 2 blow moldings, joint 4 and inner casing 2 can be combined into one.

In the inboard of joint 4, when forming the gas passage, form nozzle connection screw thread 4c; On the outer peripheral face of joint 4, form the projection 4d that ring-type is extended.

The faying face 15 of this joint 4 and inner casing 2 more particularly, is the outer peripheral face of joint 4 joint portion 4a and the faying face of the inner peripheral surface of inner casing 2 head 2a, is the face that respectively two sides is combined into one, so original just had a quite high air-tightness.But as the CNG storage tank of lorry loading, when requiring to have the air-tightness of bearing above the 200kg/cm2 gases at high pressure, internal gas just has the danger that spills from this faying face.

Adopt this form of implementation, can prevent effectively that gas from spilling from this faying face.

The end face of inner casing 2, more accurate be end face (upper surface) 2b of inner casing 2 head 2a, and be on the periphery of joint 4, produce the sealing ring 11 of strain behind the configuration pressurized.The material of sealing ring 11 can be resins such as natural rubber, silicone rubber, fluorubber, 4 ethylene fluorides, polyamide, polyethylene, polyester for example, and then also can use metals such as stainless steel, aluminium, copper, titanium.

In addition, the section configuration of sealing ring 11 (section configuration of thickness direction) can be solid circles shape shown in Figure 180, hollow circle shape shown in Figure 19, writing board shape shown in Figure 20 etc.Adopt form of implementation as shown in figure 14, can be with synthetic rubber O shape ring as sealing ring 11 with hollow circle shape shown in Figure 19.

With sealing ring 11 adjoiners configurations compressing member 12, this compressing member 12 constitutes the part of the press-in device that sealing ring 11 is pressed into to inner casing 2 end face 2b directions.In this form of implementation, compressing member 12 is positioned at the radial outside of sealing ring 11,

By the outside that extends to inner casing 2 head 2a, chimeric thereon cylindrical portion 12a and the 12b of edge portion that sealing ring 11 directly is pressed into constituted.

On compressing member 12 12b of edge portion, be provided with seat 13, connector 14 (for example, the attaching nut) be set on it again,

This connector 14 is screwed on the periphery of joint 4, by seat 13 compressing member 12 is pressed into direction to sealing ring moves.At above-mentioned seat 13, also can have sealing function, prevent that outside foreign matter from invading and inboard gas leaks.

In aforesaid air seal mechanism, for example inner casing 2 is made of plastics, joint 4 is by under the situation about being made of metal, and during inner casing 2 blow moldings, the inner casing 2 that is shaped can be combined into one with joint 4, before forming shell 3, carry out fixed sealing.

Disposing sealing ring 11 on the end face of inner casing 2 and on the periphery of joint 4, cover compressing member 12 on it.Behind the configuration seat 13, load onto connector 14,, make it produce strain by the 12b of the edge portion indentation sealing ring 11 of seat 13, compressing member 12.By such compress, strain, make sealing ring 11 and the end face 2b of inner casing 2 and the 12b of the edge portion fluid-tight engagement of compressing member 12, with sealing between these faces and the sealing ring 11, simultaneously, because sealing ring 11 is radially also producing strain, so also fluid-tight engagement is on the outer peripheral face of joint 4, with sealing between this outer peripheral face and the sealing ring 11.After the installation of setting, use from known long filament circumvolution method or long roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation form the shell 3 that FRP constitutes, this shell 3 is formed up to the position of covering compressing member 12 outer peripheral faces.

After carrying out aforesaid sealing, even the gas in the air accumulator may spill from faying face 15, but the gas that spills at first should pass between the end face 2b of sealing ring 11 and inner casing 2 and between the outer peripheral face of sealing ring 11 and joint 4, so, because sealing as described above has been done at these positions, thereby, can prevent fully that in fact gas from leaking.

Such air seal between the end face 2b of sealing ring 11 and inner casing 2 and effective especially between the outer peripheral face of sealing ring 11 and joint 4, so the shape of compressing member 21 also can not established cylindrical portion 12a, can be that annular flat is tabular.But, from restriction sealing ring 11 to the deflection of radial outside, make the sealing force between the outer peripheral face of sealing ring 11 and joint 4 stronger, and shell 3 can set out by the be fixed and clamped viewpoint of part of shell 3 brute forces after being shaped, and preferably adopts the such compressing member that is provided with cylindrical portion 12a of this form of implementation.

At this, cylindrical portion 12a is designed under such as shown in figure 21 stair-stepping situation, during with installed part 14 installing presser unit 12, can be easily and guarantee the necessary decrement M of sealing ring effectively.

In order further to improve the sealing intensity of sealing surface, for example as shown in Figure 15, can on the end face 2b of inner casing 2 head 2a, design the groove 2c that ring-type is extended, the sealing ring after the compressing distortion 11 is embedded among this groove 2c.This annular ditch groove also can be located on the lower surface of compressing member 12 12b of edge portion.There is no particular limitation for the section configuration of groove, but from the reinforced seal aspect of performance, be fit to the circular-arc groove that adopts diagram such.

At Figure 16, Figure 17 shows that the another form of the air seal structure of this form of implementation pressure vessel inner casing and joint joint portion.

In form of implementation as shown in figure 16, do not have design connector 14 as shown in figure 14, but on the inner peripheral surface of compressing member 21 21a of edge portion, design screw thread, this compressing member 21 directly is threaded on the screw thread of joint 22 outer peripheral faces.In such formation, also construct as shown in figure 14 identical, the oppressed and strain of sealing ring 11, making may be sealed fully from the gas that inner casing 2 and joint 22 faying faces 15 spill.

In addition, in form of implementation as shown in figure 16, shell 23 preferably forms with the form that covers whole compressing member 21.Like this, can further increase the constant intensity of compressing member 21, also can stop the rotation of compressing member 21 fully.

In the form of implementation as shown in figure 17, on the outer peripheral face of inner casing 31 head 31a, screw thread is set, on the inner peripheral surface of compressing member 32 cylindrical portion 32a, also is provided with screw thread, compressing member 32 is threaded on the head 31a periphery.Sealing ring 11 is pressed between the end face of the 32b of edge portion of compressing member 32 and inner casing 31 head 31a, produces strain.Even in such formation, the gas that can spill from the faying face 15 of inner casing 31 and joint 33 is sealed fully by the configuration portion of sealing ring 11.In addition, under these circumstances, shell 34 preferably forms with the form that covers compressing member 32 fully.

And, if adopt the sealing mechanism that has used the sealing ring in this form of implementation, the air seal performance that then can fully keep inner casing and joint joint portion, but for safer, be preferably in each sealing surface, for example between the outer peripheral face of the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned compressing member and inner casing oral area and sealing ring and be pressed into to be coated with between the face of sealing ring and spread bonding agent, but also reinforced seal performance.This bonding agent has for example thermosetting bonding agents such as epoxy series, propylene series, polyurethane series, polyester series, and is wherein, best as the lonely property bonding agent of active propylene series bonding agent.Lonely property bonding agent like this has polyether-type and fat type, the representative of polyether-type has dimethacrylate tetraethylene glycol fat, the representative of fat type has trimethyl acrylic acid trimethylolpropane, butanediol 1,4-dimethacrylate fat, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol dimethacrylate fat, polyester acrylate etc.

And, pressure vessel of the present invention, be provided with the nozzle that is contained in the above-mentioned inner casing head in the formation and install and use joint, form under the concavo-convex situation installing on the faying face with this head of joint, can fully improve the air-tightness that the joint joint portion is used in the installation of inner casing and nozzle with this nozzle.

Perhaps, pressure vessel of the present invention, be provided with the nozzle installation joint that is contained in the above-mentioned inner casing head in the formation, form under the situation of the prominent bar that circumferencial direction extends installing on the faying face with this head of joint, also can fully improve inner casing and nozzle the air-tightness of using the joint joint portion is installed with this nozzle.

Such pressure vessel, for example, when forming the inner casing of concrete gas barrier properties, the outer peripheral face that the head and the nozzle of this inner casing are installed with joint is combined into one, with the above-mentioned joint that is combined in head is turning cylinder, the shell of shaping is rotated on one side, Yi Bian form shell, and it is covered this inner casing.

In this form of implementation, such as shown in figure 22, joint 4 is provided with joint portion 4a, and this joint portion 4a axially is extended to horn-like in the bottom to it; The head 2a of inner casing 2 extends to the outer peripheral portion of joint 4 from joint portion 4a.Inner casing 2, contain head 2a at the inner peripheral surface at interior position, combine with the outer peripheral face of joint 4.Joint 4 make by for example metal and inner casing 2 by when for example plastics are made, when inner casing 2 blow moldings, joint 4 and inner casing 2 can be combined into one.In the inboard of joint 4, when forming the gas passage, form nozzle connection screw thread 4c.Though there is no particular limitation for the material of this joint 4, close nozzle 7 aspects from twisting, preferably adopt metallic article, for example, iron, aluminium, stainless steel, titanium.

On these joint 4 outer peripheral faces with the faying face 15 of inner casing 2, more particularly, be on the joint barrel 4d outer peripheral face with the faying face of inner casing 2 head 2a inner peripheral surfaces on, form concavo-convex 41 along joint barrel 4d whole peripheral surface.Concavo-convex 41 be at joint barrel 4d axis direction, make this barrel 4d two ends have a little to expose to form along total length roughly.

In this form of implementation, concavo-convex 41 is to be processed to form with such as shown in figure 23 knurling tool 41a.But, this concavo-convex knurling tool that is not limited to is processed, but at joint barrel 4d outer peripheral face circumferencial direction concaveconvex shape is arranged at least, and hope is that best axis direction also has concaveconvex shape simultaneously.Therefore, also can adopt be provided with like that as shown in figure 24 many grooves extending along axis direction or dead slot shape 41b, as shown in figure 25 be provided with like that many spline shape 41c extending along axis direction, as shown in figure 26 be provided with like that a plurality of shape for lugs 41d that front end forms general plane, to be provided with front end like that as shown in figure 27 be spherical a plurality of shape for lugs 41e.

So concavo-convex 41 by designing, the reverse torque that is subjected in opposite directions between joint 4 and inner casing 2 is done the time spent especially, makes between the two and can not rotate owing to having big resistance.That is, be subjected under the situation of such torsional interaction, can preventing conscientiously that joint 4 relative inner casings 2 are loosening at circumferencial direction.

In addition, when concavo-convex 41 when being shapes as Figure 23, as Figure 26, as shown in figure 27, above-mentioned relatively moment of torsion has big resistance, and, the axial thrust of opposing tabs 4 axis directions also has big resistance, so, be subjected to axial force at joint 4 and do the time spent, can prevent conscientiously that also joint 4 relative inner casings 2 are in axial relative displacement.For example, when joint 4 is subjected to from the impact force action above Figure 22, joint 4 is extracted downwards from inner casing 2 head 2a.

Certainly, Figure 24, concaveconvex shape as shown in Figure 25, and the increase of the bonding area between the inner casing 2 are so the resistance of the external force of above-mentioned relatively such axial force direction also increases.

Like this, utilize concavo-convex 41 formation, joint 4 significantly improves for the bond strength of inner casing 2.The raising of this bond strength, at first the 1st, very effective when shell 3 is shaped.

That is, the pressure vessel of this form of implementation can be made like this: under the situation that for example inner casing 2 is made of plastics, joint 4 is made of metal, at first, when inner casing 2 blow moldings, the inner casing 2 that is shaped can be combined into one with joint 4.Owing on the outer peripheral face of joint 4, form concavo-convex 41, so, under the state that inner casing 2 and joint 4 are combined into one, joint 4 relative inner casings 2 particularly have high bond strength at circumferencial direction, simultaneously, also improved bond strength between the two axial (that is, joint 4 is subjected to the direction of axial thrust effect).

Under this state, on inner casing 2, form and cover the shell 3 that inner casing 2 has resistance to pressure.When shell 3 is formed by FRP, with inner casing 2 as core body, be so-called axle, form shell 3 with long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation.At this moment,, containing the fortifying fibre silk volume layer of resin as previously mentioned Yi Bian form Yi Bian rotate inner casing 2, but for inner casing 2 is rotated, so, joint 4 can be used as turning cylinder (rotation shaft).In structure as shown in Figure 1, be that the lug boss 6 that clamps bottom side makes its rotation for example,, instrument be screwed in nozzle install, can adopt the turning cylinder support structure at the two ends of inner casing 2 easily with in the screwed hole 4c in joint 4 sides.

When carrying out such rotational action, the faying face 15 of joint 4 and inner casing 2 when being subjected to big reverse torque effect, also is subjected to joint 4 is pulled out the effect of the axial thrust of the direction in air accumulator.

But, in this form of implementation, owing to formed foregoing concavo-convex 41, bond strength on the faying face of joint 4 and inner casing 2 still is that the axial thrust direction all increases significantly in torque direction, so, can prevent conscientiously that relative inner casings of joint 42 are loosening and extract (perhaps, producing displacement) to extracting direction.

In addition, the raising of above-mentioned bond strength also can play a role after pressure vessel is finished.Particularly do the time spent, can prevent from effectively that joint 4 from extracting from inner casing 2 to come off, or inner casing 2 produces axial displacements relatively in the external force that is subjected to the axial thrust direction, impact external force.

Shown in Figure 28 is the joint peripheral part organigram of another embodiment of the present invention pressure vessel.

In this form of implementation, joint 51 is made of the member that is provided with joint barrel 51a and connecting portion 51b, and wherein, connecting portion 51b is located at joint barrel 51a bottom and is horn-like hole enlargement.And on the faying face 53 of joint barrel 51a outer peripheral face and inner casing 52, prominent bar 54 that formation is extended to circumferencial direction, the whole circumference of extension covering along the circumferential direction in this form of implementation.Should prominent bar 54 be on joint barrel 51a outer peripheral face, to form, clearly be different from the edge shape junction surface 51b that forms in joint 51 bottoms.

Prominent bar 54 like this can increase substantially the bond strength of 52 of joint 51 and inner casings, particularly is added in the bond strength of the axial thrust on the joint 51 relatively.Therefore, being added in impact thrust on the joint 51 after thrust in the time of can preventing from conscientiously to be shaped owing to shell or pressure vessel are finished causes joint 51 to extract direction in air accumulator moving or come off.

Certainly,, the joint 51 and the bonding area of inner casing 52 are increased owing to designed prominent bar 54, so, the bond strength that stops joint 51 to become flexible also improved at circumferencial direction.

Along the circumferential direction extend prominent bar, can form 2 (prominent bar 61a, 61b) as shown in figure 29 like that, also can be more than 3.Along with the increase of quantity, the bond strength of inner casing 62 and joint 61 has the tendency of increase.

In addition, Figure 22 or structure shown in Figure 28 also can be used in combination arbitrarily.

For example, such as shown in figure 30, can form the prominent bar 72 that along the circumferential direction extends in the outer peripheral face bottom of joint 71 barrel 71a, form concavo-convex 73 (for example, annular knurl processing as shown in Figure 23 is concavo-convex) at an upper portion thereof.

Like this, by the bar 72 and concavo-convex 73 and mainly on prominent bar 72 respectively together produce the resistance of resistance axial thrust, on concavo-convex 73, produce the main resistance that stops circumferencial direction to move of will dashing forward, for preventing that joint 71 is to extracting moving and become flexible high intensity also being arranged of direction.That is, can significantly improve the bond strength on all directions between inner casing 74 and the joint 71.

And, be provided with the joint construction of the concavo-convex and prominent bar among the present invention, utilize the combined structure of inner casing and joint also can bring into play effect and effect beyond above-mentioned.

For example, in structure shown in Figure 31, in order to prevent that fully gas from leaking from the faying face of joint 81 with inner casing 82, configuration can produce the sealing ring 83 of strain on the end face of inner casing 82, by compressing member 84 it is installed connection with connector 85 (for example attaching nut), make it produce strain by compressing, closely be connected on the faces such as end face of the outer peripheral face of joint 81 and inner casing 82, these positions are sealed fully.

In such structure, by formation concavo-convex 86 and/or prominent bar 87 on the barrel periphery of joint 81, can significantly improve foregoing bond strength, so, can prevent conscientiously that joint 81 from being to wait produce loosening owing to rotating together in that connection connector 85 is installed.

And, in structure shown in Figure 31, when also wanting to improve the constant intensity of connector 85, when perhaps thinking simultaneously further to improve the air seal function, also can smear bonding agent between the outer peripheral face of the inner peripheral surface of compressing member 84 and inner casing 82 and on the individual sealing surface by sealing ring 83 sealings.As bonding agent, can adopt foregoing product.

And then, in pressure vessel of the present invention, its structure is that nozzle installation joint is housed in the head of above-mentioned inner casing, the outside at above-mentioned head is provided with cylindrical member, the lip portions that this cylindrical member is provided with edge portion, is connected on the cylindrical portion in this edge portion and extends to above-mentioned shell from this cylindrical portion outer peripheral face, at this moment, also can fully improve inner casing and nozzle the air seal shape of using the joint joint portion is installed.

In this form of implementation, such shown in figure 32, joint 4 is provided with joint portion 4a, and this joint portion 4a axially is extended to horn-like in the bottom to it; The head 92a of inner casing 92 extends to the outer peripheral portion of joint 4 from joint portion 4a.This inner casing 92, contain the inner peripheral surface of head 92a at interior position, be combined into one with the outer peripheral face of joint 4.Joint 4 make by for example metal and inner casing 92 by when for example plastics are made, when inner casing 92 blow moldings, joint 4 and inner casing 92 can be combined into one.In the inboard of joint 4, when forming gas passage 4b, can form nozzle connection screw thread 4c.And the projection 4d that the formation ring-type is extended on the outer peripheral face of joint 4.

Though there is no particular limitation for the material of this joint 4, because will screw on nozzle 5, so, preferably adopt metallic article, for example, iron, aluminium, stainless steel, titanium.

The outer circumferential side of head 4, and the outside of inner casing 92 head 92a be provided with cylindrical member 90, this cylindrical member is by to the inside and the 90a of edge portion that extends along ring-type, extend to the cylindrical portion 90b that the head 92a periphery with inner casing 92 covers and the ring-type lip portions 90c that extends from this cylindrical portion 90b outer peripheral face constitutes to above-mentioned shell 3.Though in this form of implementation, lip portions 90c vertically holds up from the outer peripheral face of cylindrical portion 90b, also can be in Figure 32 either party of above-below direction a little inclination is arranged.In addition, the leading section shape of lip portions 90c except that even shape such shown in the figure, also can be sharp-pointed a, spherical form etc.And, though in this form of implementation, lip portions 90c extends continuously in whole circumference direction ring-type, also can intermittently dispose at circumferencial direction, that is, also can adopt and dispose a plurality of structural forms that are the overshooting shape bead that circular arc extends in a circumferential direction.

Be screwed in connector 91 (for example attaching nut) on joint 4 outer peripheral faces in the axial arranged outside of cylindrical member 90 90a of edge portion.Utilize the connection of this connector 91, the 90a of edge portion of cylindrical member 90 is extruded between the end face that is fixed on connector 91 and inner casing head 92a.Therefore, Gu Ding cylindrical member 90 90a of edge portion are actually by twisting the connector 91 that is combined on the joint 4 and are bonded on joint 6 outer peripheral faces.

In the manufacturing of aforesaid pressure vessel, under the situation that for example inner casing 92 is made of plastics, joint 4 is made of metal, when inner casing 92 blow moldings, the inner casing 92 that is shaped can be combined into one with joint 4, after the blow molding, on the head 92a of shell 92, load onto cylindrical member 90,, cylindrical member 90 is fixed on institute's allocation thereon by connector 91 is installed.In this state, nozzle being installed lug boss 6 with joint 4 and bottom side as turning cylinder, is core body with inner casing 92, forms shell 3, and shell 3 is encased inner casing 92.Shell 3 can form around inner casing 92 with long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation.At this moment, the lip portions 90c to major general's cylindrical member 90 is embedded in formation shell 3 in the shell 3.

In the pressure vessel that as above constitutes like that, when the load that is subjected on the joint 4 from outside, for example impulsive force etc., this load is added on the faying face between joint 4 and the inner casing head 92a certainly, and is added on the cylindrical member 90 by twisting the connector 91 that is combined on the joint 4.Because the lip portions 90c of cylindrical member 90 is embedded in the shell 3, and shell 3 made by the resistance to pressure material, so, under the acting in conjunction of shell 3 and cylindrical member 90, the major part in the above-mentioned load is born by cylindrical member 90.That is, cylindrical member 90 has played pillar.As a result, the load composition that is added in joint 4 self reduces significantly, can prevent conscientiously that joint 4 from coming off from inner casing 92 head 92a direction in air accumulator.That is, increased substantially the bond strength of joint 4 with inner casing 92.

In form of implementation as shown in figure 33, in order to improve the air-tightness of joint 4 and inner casing 92 joint portions, on the outer peripheral face of the end face of inner casing 92 head 92a and joint, setting-in can produce the above-mentioned annular sealing ring 11 of strain because of pressurized.In such formation, because the lip portions 90c of cylindrical member 90 is subjected to the fixed support of shell 3, so the major part that is added in the extraneous load on the joint 4 is born by cylindrical member 90 by connector 91.Therefore, can prevent conscientiously joint 4 pull out.

Shown in Figure 34 is another form of implementation, and in this form of implementation, cylindrical member 95 is provided with the 95a of edge portion, cylindrical portion 95b and lip portions 95c, and the inner peripheral surface of cylindrical member 95 95a of edge portion directly is threaded on the outer peripheral face of joint 4.Therefore, need not design such as shown in figure 33 connector 91.Other formation is identical with formation shown in Figure 33.But in this form of implementation, shell 3 is preferably formed as the position that covers fully to cylindrical member 95.

In such formation, because the lip portions 95c of cylindrical member 95 is subjected to the fixed support of shell 3, so, be added in the major part of the extraneous load on the joint 4, also directly bear by cylindrical member 95.Can prevent conscientiously joint 4 pull out etc.And, also improved the bond strength of inner casing and cylindrical member, in order further to increase the constant intensity of cylindrical member, also can also can increase bond strength smearing bonding agent between the outer peripheral face of cylindrical member and inner casing head and between sealing ring and the sealing ring face of pressing.As bonding agent, can adopt foregoing product.

On the other hand, pressure vessel of the present invention, be provided with the nozzle installation joint that is contained in the above-mentioned inner casing head in its structure, this nozzle is installed with the external diameter of joint lip portions and is installed with the big 20mm～25mm of joint barrel external diameter than this nozzle, and the contact-making surface that this nozzle is installed with joint barrel external diameter and above-mentioned inner casing head is designed to taper, in this case, also can fully improve inner casing and nozzle the air-tightness of using the joint joint portion is installed.

That is, become such as shown in figure 35 shape, utilize the suffered pressure effect of inner casing to make joint press to inner casing, can make it fastening, prevent that the gas in the pressure vessel from leaking by nozzle is installed with joint design.EXAMPLE Example 1

With the inner casing of the high-density polyethylene resin of blow molding (external diameter: 200mm, the total length of removing the nozzle installation portion: 1,000mm, wall thickness:, on this inner casing, form shell with long filament circumvolution method 2mm) as so-called axle.In the time of with long filament circumvolution method, to soak and contain epoxy resin (tension failure the strain: (single fiber diameter: 7 μ m, ultimate fibre quantity: 12 of carbon fibre silk 4%), 00, hot strength: 4.6Gpa, tension failure strain: 2.2%), relative pressure vessel axially, form successively ± 3 ° layer, 88 ° layer, ± 45 ° layer, ± 3 ° layer, 88 ° layer, ± the carbon fibre silk volume ratio of 45 ° layer is to reel at 1: 2: 2, in baking oven,, make the body of pressure vessel with 130 ℃ of heating 6 hours.The shell that obtains is like this measured tensile modulus of elasticity 47Gpa, tension failure strain 2.0% with ノ Le リ Application グ experimental method.The external diameter of body is that 216mm, volume are about 30 liters.In addition, tensile modulus of elasticity and tension failure strain, the sample that downcuts from pressure container cylinder portion annular with ノ Le リ Application グ experimental method mensuration obtains.

Then, with the experimental machine of dropping hammer, with head front end radius of curvature is that 8mm, weight are that the percussion hammer of 2kg clashes into the same position of above-mentioned body center 50 times under the speed of 2m/sec, and measuring damaged area (in the projected area of vertical direction) with ultrasonic flaw-detecting machine then is 1.0cm ²And,, can think and not reduce through the withstand voltage properties after the repeated stock through being 1.00 as the withstand voltage ratio before and after the pressurization experiment of pressurized source with water.Comparative example 1

Except the carbon fibre silk being become single fiber diameter is that 7 μ m, ultimate fibre quantity are that 12,000, hot strength are that 3.0Gpa, tension failure strain are beyond 1.3%, obtains body under other situation identical with embodiment 1.The tensile modulus of elasticity of shell is that 51Gpa, tension failure strain are 1.2%.

This body is carried out the experiment identical with embodiment, and the damaged area of measuring is 7.2cm ², the withstand voltage ratio before and after impacting is 0.55.Comparative example 2

Using single fiber diameter is 7 μ m, ultimate fibre quantity is 12,000, hot strength is 2.4Gpa, the tension failure strain is 1.6% carbon fibre silk, and single fiber diameter is 9 μ m, hot strength is 3.5Gpa, the tension failure strain is 4.8% E glass fiber, relative pressure vessel axially, form ± 3 ° layer successively with the carbon fibre silk, the layer that mixes 88 ° of formation with carbon fibre silk and E glass fiber, layer with ± 45 ° of carbon fibre silk formation, and ± 3 ° layer, 88 ° layer, the fiber volume fraction of ± 45 ° layer is the carbon fibre silk: { carbon fibre silk: E glass fiber }: carbon fibre silk=1: { 1: 1}: 2 reel, in addition, with the embodiment 1 the same body that forms pressure vessel.The shell that obtains is like this measured tensile modulus of elasticity 30Gpa, tension failure strain 1.6% with ノ Le リ Application グ experimental method.

This body is carried out the experiment identical with embodiment 1, and the damaged area of measuring is 6.5cm ², the withstand voltage ratio before and after impacting is 0.62.Embodiment 2

By percentage by weight be that 99.5% propylene is fine, percentage by weight is that propylene that 0.5% methylene succinic acid is formed is 20% dimethyl sulfoxide solution (45 ℃ time solution viscosity be the polymer of 600 pools) of co-polymer, in a single day spray in the air by spinning head, through behind the space of 3mm, importing is equipped with the formula of leaving standstill that methyl-sulfoxide is 3%, temperature is 5 ℃ coagulation bath and is solidified in the bathing pool, obtains coagulated fibre.Wash then, in hot water, stretch, coat amino sex change silicone oil, the dry back of encrypting stretches in the warm vapour of pressurization again, being stretched to full magnifying power is to reel after 10 times, obtaining the single fiber dimension is that 1.0 daniers, ultimate fibre quantity are 12,000 precursor (percentage by weight of liniment is 1.55%).Then, continue to guide in the air with temperature restriction (231/260 ℃) and carry out refractory process, afterwards, importing maximum temperature is 1, in 300 ℃ the carbide furnace, in nitrogen, carry out carbonization treatment and obtain the carbon fibre silk with following conditions, this condition promptly be in 300 ℃～700 ℃ temperature province with about 300 ℃/minute speed heat up, in 1,000 ℃～1,200 ℃ temperature province heats up with about 400 ℃/minute speed.Above refractory process and carbonization treatment are to carry out in the atmosphere after the filter remove dust.In the electrolytic cell of aqueous sulfuric acid that with concentration is 0.05 mol as electrolyte, the energising amount be 5 coulombs/gram (electric weight of every groove is: the electrolytic treatments of carrying out 1 minute under the condition 1.25 coulombs/g groove), wash again, and under 150 ℃ temperature, carry out drying, obtain single fiber diameter and be 7 μ m, ultimate fibre quantity and be 12,000, hot strength and be 5.8Gpa, tensile modulus of elasticity and be 254Gpa, proportion and be 1.80, the surface relatively oxygen concentration O/C be 0.18, the surface relatively nitrogen concentration N/C be 0.04 carbon fibre silk.On above-mentioned fiber by resin storage tank and roller guiding epoxy resin-impregnated (bisphenol-type epoxy resin on one side, curing agent is an acid anhydrides, catalyst is a 2E4MZ series), on one side with long filament circumvolution method, will be by the inner casing of making by high-density polyethylene resin of blow molding (external diameter is 300mm, part total length except that the nozzle installation portion be that 500mm, wall thickness are 5mm) as so-called mandrel, on this inner casing, reel, the form of coiling be shell axially and the fibre weight of circumferencial direction (correctly say so θ=± 3 ° and 90 °) be 1: 2; In baking oven, obtained the body of pressure vessel then in 6 hours with 130 ℃ temperature heating.The shell that obtains is like this measured tensile modulus of elasticity 80Gpa, tension failure strain 2.3% with ノ Le リ Application グ experimental method.The external diameter of body and weight are respectively 310mm and 9kg.

Then, with the experimental machine of dropping hammer, with head front end radius of curvature is that 8mm, weight are that the percussion hammer of 2kg clashes into the same position of above-mentioned body center 50 times under the speed of 2m/sec, and measuring damaged area (in the projected area of vertical direction) with ultrasonic flaw-detecting machine then is 1.0cm ²And,, can think and not reduce through the withstand voltage properties after the repeated stock through being 1.00 as the withstand voltage ratio before and after the pressurization experiment of pressurized source with water.

Embodiment 3

With Fig. 1, formation shown in Figure 14, the one-tenth pressure vessel the same with embodiment 1.Charged pressure is the helium of 20MPa in this pressure vessel, again this pressure vessel is put into airtight container 1 hour, and with the amount of helium in the gas chromatograph survey airtight container, the gas flow that records is 0 afterwards.Promptly the gas flow that spills from pressure vessel is 0.

Embodiment 4

With Fig. 1, formation shown in Figure 32, the one-tenth pressure vessel the same with embodiment 1.Employing is provided with the cylindrical member 90 of lip portions 90c.On joint 4, apply external shaft and load, and slowly strengthen this external load, can bear to 1 ton load to static pressure.Embodiment 5

The inner casing of making by high-density polyethylene resin (external diameter: 100mm, the total length of removing the nozzle installation portion: 300mm, wall thickness:, on this inner casing, form shell with blow molding with long filament circumvolution method 1mm) as axle.In the time of with long filament circumvolution method, to soak and contain epoxy resin (tension failure the strain: (single fiber diameter: 7 μ m, ultimate fibre quantity: 12 of carbon fibre silk 4%), 000, hot strength: 5.0Gpa, tension failure strain: 2.2%), relative pressure vessel axially form ± 30 ° layer, 88 ° layer successively, and ± 3 ° layer, 88 ° the carbon fibre silk volume ratio of layer are to reel at 1: 1.5, in baking oven,, make the body of pressure vessel with 130 ℃ of heating 6 hours.The tensile modulus of elasticity 73Gpa of the shell that obtains like this, tension failure strain 2.0%.The external diameter of body is 104mm.In addition, tensile modulus of elasticity and tension failure strain are to measure the sample that downcuts from pressure container cylinder portion annular with ノ Le リ Application グ experimental method to obtain.

Then, in above-mentioned body with the hydrostatic test machine with the experiment of loading of the hydraulic pressure of 30MPa, afterwards, with the experimental machine of dropping hammer, with head front end radius of curvature is that 3mm, weight are that the percussion hammer of 20kg clashes into above-mentioned body under the speed of 7m/sec, only the hole occurs, do not see that pressure vessel integral body is damaged in the position of head front end bump.The possibility of utilizing on the industry

Pressure vessel of the present invention though various uses can be arranged, is particularly suitable for as the vapour vehicle CNG air accumulator that requires in light weight and good reliability.

Claims (57)

1, a kind of pressure vessel.It is characterized in that: be provided with inner casing and shell, wherein, inner casing has gas barrier properties, and shell has resistance to pressure and inner casing is encased; This shell is made of the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin, and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 1.5%.

2, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is made of metal, resin or FRP.

3, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: inner surface and/or outer surface at above-mentioned inner casing form vapour barrier.

4, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with barrel, and forms the FRP enhancement layer on this barrel.

5, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: the tensile modulus of elasticity of above-mentioned shell more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 1.7%.

6, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: the tensile modulus of elasticity of above-mentioned shell more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 2.0%.

7, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned fortifying fibre contain the strand hot strength more than the 4.5Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the carbon fibre more than 2.0%.

8, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned fortifying fibre contain the strand hot strength more than the 5.5Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the carbon fibre more than 2.0%.

9, as claim 7 or 8 described pressure vessels.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned fortifying fibre contain the surface relatively oxygen concentration 0.30 below, the relative nitrogen concentration in surface is at the carbon fibre more than 0.02.

10, as claim 1,5 or 6 described pressure vessels.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell contains relative pressure vessel axially with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 5 °～± 50 ° angle configurations with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations.

11, as claim 1,5 or 6 described pressure vessels.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell contain relative pressure vessel axially with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 0 °～15 ° angle configurations, with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations and with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations.

12, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 10.It is characterized in that: relative pressure vessel axially is located at 1.0: 1.0～2.0 scope with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 5 °～± 50 ° angle configurations with the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations.

13, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 11.It is characterized in that: relative pressure vessel axially with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 0 °～± 15 ° angle configurations, be located at 1: 1.5～2.5: 0.2～1.2 scope with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations and with the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations.

14, a kind of manufacture method of pressure vessel.It is characterized in that: have on the inner casing of gas barrier properties, form shell with long filament circumvolution method or roll coil of strip quick pushing manipulation with withstand voltage shape, this shell is made of the FRP that contains fortifying fibre and resin, and tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is more than 1.5%.

15, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: before long filament circumvolution or the roll coil of strip twine, form matsurface on the surface of above-mentioned inner casing.

16, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell is axially formed with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 5 °～± 50 ° angle configurations with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations by relative pressure vessel.

17, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell by relative pressure vessel axially with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 0 °～15 ° angle configurations, form with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations and with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations.

18, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 16.It is characterized in that: relative pressure vessel axially is located at 1.0: 1.0～2.0 scope with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 5 °～± 50 ° angle configurations with the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations.

19, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 17.It is characterized in that: relative pressure vessel axially with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 0 °～15 ° angle configurations, be located at 1: 1.5～2.5: 0.2～1.2 scope with the fortifying fibre layer of ± 75 °～± 105 ° angle configurations and with the fortifying fibre volume ratio of the fortifying fibre layer of ± 30 °～± 60 ° angle configurations.

20, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: form tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the shell with withstand voltage shape more than 1.7%.

21, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: form tensile modulus of elasticity more than the 35Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the shell with withstand voltage shape more than 2.0%.

22, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: fortifying fibre use the strand hot strength more than the 4.5Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the carbon fibre more than 2.0%.

23, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: fortifying fibre use the strand hot strength more than the 5.5Gpa, the tension failure strain is at the carbon fibre more than 2.0%.

24, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: pressure vessel is provided with barrel, and shell has layer structure more than 5 layers in this barrel, and the relation between through thickness T (mm) and the number of plies N satisfies 0.5≤T/N≤6.

25, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 24.It is characterized in that: in above-mentioned barrel, along the outer casing thickness direction, the layer of the layer of alternate configurations band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer and band fortifying fibre coiled region.

26, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that:, form the layer structure and the relation between through thickness T (mm) and the number of plies N that have more than 5 layers and satisfy the above-mentioned shell of 0.5≤T/N≤6 in this barrel periphery of the inner casing that is provided with barrel.

27, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 26.It is characterized in that: in above-mentioned barrel, along the outer casing thickness direction, the layer of the layer of alternate configurations band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer and band fortifying fibre coiled region.

28, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 26.It is characterized in that: as fortifying fibre, the ratio D/t that can adopt silk width of cloth D and thickness t before the resin dipping is in the non-twist reinforcing fiber bundles more than 5.

29, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell contains inscape described below [X], [Y], [Z], and the periphery of the inscape that shows on the cross section of above-mentioned shell [X] is filled with inscape [Z].

[X]: reinforcing fiber bundles

[Y]: thermosetting resin

[Z]: elastomer and/or thermoplastic resin

30, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 29.It is characterized in that: the straight length L that connects adjacent 2 inscapes [X] geometric center ₁Length L with the inscape [Z] that exists between adjacent 2 inscapes [X] that this straight line of crosscut is connected ₂Ratio L ₂/ L ₁Satisfy:

1/100≤L ₂/L ₁≤1/2

31, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 29.It is characterized in that: inscape [Z] is select from following material any: poly-ethyl acetate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetals, poly-phenylene oxide, poly-phenylene sulfide, poly-fragrant fat, polyester, polyamide-imides, polyimides, PEI, polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyethers ether ketone, poly-aromatic polyamides, polybenzimidazoles, polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose acetate, junket phenol fibre element, polyester series plastic high-elastic thing of heat or the plastic high-elastic thing of polyamide series heat.

32, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: with containing following inscape [X], [Y], [Z] and on inscape [X], soaking the shell that the preimpregnation line material that contains inscape [Y] and its near surface and have inscape [Z] forms resistance to pressure.

[X]: reinforcing fiber bundles

[Y]: thermosetting resin

[Z]: elastomer and/or thermoplastic resin

33, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 32.It is characterized in that: adopt and on the inscape that contains inscape [Y] [X], adhere to the preimpregnation line material of particle shape inscape [Z].

34, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell is provided with shoulder, and the innermost layer on this shoulder contains the hoop volume layer of fortifying fibre.

35, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 34.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned innermost layer forms with long filament circumvolution method.

36, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 34.It is characterized in that: the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned shell shoulder forms and along the circumferential direction extends and at the stairstepping that step is axially arranged.

37, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 14.It is characterized in that: on this shoulder outer peripheral face of the inner casing that is provided with barrel and shoulder, enhancement layer configuration band fortifying fibre hoop volume layer, that be made of fortifying fibre and resin is at the periphery formation resistance to pressure shell of this enhancement layer and above-mentioned inner casing.

38, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 37.It is characterized in that: form above-mentioned enhancement layer with long filament circumvolution method.

39, the manufacture method of pressure vessel as claimed in claim 37.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned enhancement layer forms the prolongation layer of shell innermost layer on inner casing barrel outer peripheral face with long filament circumvolution method.

40, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with head, nozzle is housed in this head installs and use joint, at the end face and the nozzle of this head usefulness joint setting-in sealing ring is installed, and, be provided with the hold down gag that the end face direction with this head of sealing hoop compresses.

41, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 40.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned hold down gag comprises the compressing member of above-mentioned sealing ring and the connector of this compressing member.

42, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 40.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned hold down gag is provided with and is threaded in said nozzle and installs with the compressing member on the joint.

43, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 40.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned hold down gag comprises compressing member, and this compressing member is provided with cylindrical portion that is threaded in above-mentioned head and the edge portion of joining with above-mentioned sealing ring.

44, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 40.It is characterized in that: said nozzle is installed and is provided with lip portions with joint, and the external diameter of above-mentioned hold down gag is than the little 1～10mm of above-mentioned lip portions external diameter.

45, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 40.It is characterized in that: on the end face of above-mentioned head, be provided with the endless groove that embeds above-mentioned sealing ring.

46, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 42.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell extends to the position that above-mentioned compressing member is covered.

47, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 43.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned cylindrical portion is a stairstepping.

48, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with head, and nozzle installation joint is housed in this head, forms concavo-convex on this nozzle is installed with the faying face of joint and this head.

49, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with head, and nozzle installation joint is housed in this head, forms the prominent bar that along the circumferential direction extends on this nozzle is installed with the faying face of joint and this head.

50, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 49.It is characterized in that: on above-mentioned faying face, also form concavo-convex.

51, as claim 48 or 49 described pressure vessels.It is characterized in that: on the end face of above-mentioned head, install with joint setting-in sealing ring, simultaneously, be provided with the end face direction that hold down gag is pressed to the sealing ring on above-mentioned head in said nozzle.

52, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with head, nozzle installation joint is housed in this head, the outside at above-mentioned head is provided with cylindrical member, the lip portions that this cylindrical member is provided with edge portion, the cylindrical portion that links to each other with this edge portion and extends to above-mentioned shell from the periphery of this cylindrical portion.

53, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 52.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned lip portions is extended circlewise.

54, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 52.It is characterized in that: on the end face of above-mentioned head, install with joint setting-in sealing ring in said nozzle, the sealing ring is pressed to the end face direction of above-mentioned head in above-mentioned edge portion.

55, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 52.It is characterized in that: the outside in cylindrical member edge portion is provided with and is threaded in the connector of said nozzle installation with the above-mentioned cylindrical member on the joint.

56, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 52.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned edge portion is threaded in said nozzle and installs with on the joint.

57, pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1.It is characterized in that: above-mentioned inner casing is provided with head, the nozzle installation joint of band lip portions and cylindrical portion is housed in this head, the external diameter of this lip portions is than the big 20mm～25mm of external diameter of this cylindrical portion, and, gradient on the contact-making surface of this cylindrical portion and above-mentioned head.

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