CN118221350A - Strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118221350A CN118221350A CN202410409330.XA CN202410409330A CN118221350A CN 118221350 A CN118221350 A CN 118221350A CN 202410409330 A CN202410409330 A CN 202410409330A CN 118221350 A CN118221350 A CN 118221350A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004297 night vision Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- XGCTUKUCGUNZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].O=O Chemical compound [B].O=O XGCTUKUCGUNZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001808 exosome Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008395 clarifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- -1 halogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013469 light sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/009—Poling glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/102—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing lead
- C03C3/108—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing lead containing boron
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass and a preparation method and application thereof. The strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass comprises a light-transmitting effective area, wherein the composition of the light-transmitting effective area comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 to 8 percent of SiO 271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3, 5.4 to 9 percent of alkali metal oxide, 2.3 to 5.2 percent of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Bi 2O30.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 and 0 to 0.2 percent of Yb 2O3. The effective area of the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass has excellent optical transmission performance, and the light absorption area has good stray light eliminating performance and high cathode sensitivity performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an optical glass material, in particular to strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
An anti-halation cathode glass window (AVG) is used as a key input window element of super-second-generation and third-generation low-light night vision devices and bears an important task of improving the performance of equipment. The glazing achieves broad spectrum detection and viewing capabilities by virtue of its high transmittance in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectral ranges. More importantly, by the self-substrate generation technology, a layer of high-efficiency absorption layer is formed around the effective area of the cathode glass window, and the absorption layer can absorb more than 99.5% of incident stray light, so that the halation problem in low-light imaging is effectively eliminated, and the cathode sensitivity, definition and observation sight distance of the night vision device are greatly improved.
However, a great challenge in the manufacture of anti-halation photovoltaic glass is how to manufacture glass materials that can effectively absorb stray light without compromising device performance. Conventional methods, such as Corning 7056 glass and partial borosilicate glass, are heated in a hydrogen environment to generate a black glass layer on the surface, and although stray light can be absorbed to a certain extent, the absorption effect generated by trace arsenic trioxide, antimony trioxide, halogen ions and a small amount of heavy metal or noble metal element ions in the glass materials is often insufficient to meet the practical requirements. This is because not only is a higher concentration of ions capable of generating color centers or being reduced, but also the thickness of the black glass layer cannot be too thin to sufficiently absorb stray light and meet the use requirements.
Current solutions include the introduction of environmentally friendly oxides such as bismuth oxide and the exploration of noble metal elements such as palladium, tellurium, rhodium, etc., which are aimed at increasing the thickness of the surface black glass layer after hydrogen treatment and reducing the light transmittance at 900nm wavelength to below 5%. However, the ion species in the antihalation input window glass are numerous and react easily with the polybasic photocathode to produce poisoning, which reduces not only the central transmittance but also the cathode sensitivity, typically only below 800 μa/lm. Thus, although higher cathode sensitivity can be achieved to some extent by introducing a variable valence green oxide, these approaches have difficulty meeting the dual requirements of high effective area transmittance and low light absorption layer transmittance.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the application aims to provide the anti-halation photoelectric glass which can efficiently absorb stray light, does not damage the sensitivity of a cathode and the performance of equipment, and has good optical transmittance. The transmittance of the effective area of the anti-halation photoelectric glass is more than or equal to 90.2% in the wavelength range of 350-400nm, and the transmittance of the effective area of the anti-halation photoelectric glass is more than or equal to 92.4% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm; the thickness of the black light absorbing layer is more than or equal to 0.6mm, the transmittance is 0 in the wavelength range of 350-800nm, and the transmittance is less than or equal to 1.8% in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm. The average sensitivity of the cathode is more than or equal to 850 mu A/lm, and the cathode has better chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength, good molding and processing performances and excellent comprehensive performance.
Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical features, and one or more of the following technical features are combined to form the technical scheme of the present invention.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a glass composition comprising, in mass percent: 3 to 8 percent of SiO 271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3, 5.4 to 9 percent of alkali metal oxide, 2.3 to 5.2 percent of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Bi 2O30.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 and 0 to 0.2 percent of Yb 2O3.
In the present invention, siO 2 is a glass-forming body oxide, is a main body of a glass-forming skeleton, and is a component that plays a main role in the glass skeleton. The silicon dioxide content can reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, improve the thermal stability, chemical stability, softening temperature, heat resistance, hardness, mechanical strength and the like of the glass, but too high content can increase the melting point of the glass, improve the viscosity of the glass which is melted at high temperature and cause difficult melting. In an embodiment of the invention, the content of SiO 2 is 71-80% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of SiO 2 may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value within the following content ranges, in mass percent: 74.1-80%, 76-80%, 71-76%, 74.1-76%, 71-74.1%,71-72%, 71-73%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the content of SiO 2 is preferably 71-76% by mass.
In the present invention, B 2O3 is not only a glass-forming oxide, but also a boron-oxygen triangle [ BO 3 ] and a boron-oxygen tetrahedron [ BO 4 ] are used as structural units, and a structural network is formed by the boron-oxygen triangle, the boron-oxygen tetrahedron and the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. But also can be used as a network regulator to change the structure of the glass, thereby regulating the physical and chemical properties of the glass. B 2O3 can reduce the expansion coefficient of the glass, improve the thermal stability and chemical stability of the glass, increase the refractive index of the glass, improve the luster of the glass and improve the mechanical property of the glass. When the amount of B 2O3 added is too high, the expansion coefficient of glass and the like are increased instead due to the increase of the boron oxide triangle, and the boron abnormality phenomenon occurs. In an embodiment of the invention, the content of B 2O3 is 5-9% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of B 2O3 may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges, in mass percent: 6.75-9%, 7.85-9%, 5-7.85%, 6.75-7.85%, 5-6.75%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of B 2O3 is 6.75-9% by mass.
In the present invention, al 2O3 is an intermediate oxide, and when the molar ratio of Na 2 O to Al 2O3 in the glass is greater than 1, an aluminum oxide tetrahedra is formed and forms a continuous structural network with the silicon oxygen tetrahedra. When the molar ratio of Na 2 O to Al 2O3 is less than 1, then octahedra are formed, being network exosomes, in the cavities of the silicon oxygen structure network. Al 2O3 can reduce the crystallization tendency of the glass and improve the chemical stability, thermal stability, mechanical strength, hardness and refractive index of the glass, but excessive addition can obviously increase the viscosity of the glass and increase the melting difficulty. In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of Al 2O3 is 3 to 8% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of Al 2O3 may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges, in mass percent: 5-8%, 6-8%, 7-8%, 3-6%, 5-6%, 3-5%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of Al 2O3 is 5-8% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sum of the contents of SiO 2、B2O3 and Al 2O3 is not less than 87%, preferably not less than 88%, more preferably 87-89%, more preferably 87.7-88.2%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alkali metal oxide comprises Na 2O、K2 O and Li 2 O. In the invention, na 2O、K2 O and Li 2 O are network exosome oxides of glass, alkali metal ions are easy to move and diffuse in the glass body, the viscosity of glass melted at high temperature can be reduced, the glass is easy to melt, and the glass is a good fluxing agent, but the introduced amount cannot be excessive. Excessive introduction increases the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass and reduces the chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the glass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alkaline earth metal oxides include CaO, baO, and MgO. In the invention, caO, baO and MgO are all network exosome oxides, and the main function of CaO in the glass is a stabilizer, namely, the chemical stability and the mechanical strength of the glass are improved. However, improper use increases the tendency of glass to crystallize and tends to cause glass to become brittle. BaO can increase the refractive index, density, gloss and chemical stability of the glass, and small amounts of BaO can accelerate the melting of the glass. The invention replaces part of CaO with MgO with the weight percent not higher than 0.1 percent so as to slow down the hardening speed of the glass and improve the forming property of the glass. MgO can also reduce crystallization tendency and crystallization speed, increase high-temperature viscosity of glass, and improve chemical stability and mechanical strength of glass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the content of alkali metal oxide to alkaline earth metal oxide is less than 2.5, preferably less than 2, more preferably less than 1.4. For example, in some embodiments, the ratio of the alkali metal oxide to alkaline earth metal oxide content is from 1 to 4, preferably from 1 to 1.5, and more preferably from 1 to 1.2.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the Na 2 O content is greater than 70% by mass of the total alkali metal oxide, and the ratio may be further greater than 75%, greater than 78%, greater than 80%, greater than 81%. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, na 2 O is present in an amount of 75% to 81.5%, preferably 80% to 81.5% of the total alkali metal oxide.
In some embodiments of the invention, the Na 2 O content is 4.4-7% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the Na 2 O content may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges, in mass percent: 5-7%, 6-7%, 4.4-6%, 5-6%, 4.4-5%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the Na 2 O content is 4.4-6% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the content of K 2 O is 0.5-1% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of K 2 O in mass percent may be further selected from or be any of the following content ranges: 0.7-1%, 0.8-1%, 0.5-0.8%, 0.7-0.8%, 0.5-0.7%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of K 2 O is 0.5-0.8% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the content of Li 2 O is 0.5-1% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of Li 2 O in mass percent may be further selected from or be any of the following content ranges: 0.7-1%, 0.5-0.7%, 0.5-0.8%, 0.5-0.6%, etc.
In some embodiments of the invention, the BaO content is greater than 65% of the total alkaline earth metal oxides, and the ratio may be further greater than 69%, greater than 71%, greater than 78%. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the BaO content is 69-78.5%, more preferably 69-71%, of the total alkaline earth metal oxide content.
In some embodiments of the invention, the CaO content is 0.49-1.5% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the CaO content may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value within the following content ranges, in mass percent: 1.07-1.5%, 1.3-1.5%, 0.49-1.3%, 1.07-1.3%, 0.49-1.07%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the CaO content is 1.07-1.5% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the content of BaO is 1.8-3.6% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of BaO, in mass percent, may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges of 2.5 to 3.6%, 3.3 to 3.6%, 1.8 to 3.3%, 2.5 to 3.3%, 1.8 to 2.5%, and the like. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of BaO is 2.5 to 3.6% by mass.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the MgO content is 0.01 to 0.1% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the MgO content may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges of 0.03 to 0.1%, 0.07 to 0.1%, 0.01 to 0.07, 0.03 to 0.07%, 0.01 to 0.03%, etc., in terms of mass percent. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the MgO content is 0.03-0.1% by mass.
In the present invention, the addition of Bi 2O3 and PbO plays an important role in improving the performance of the glass. PbO, an external network oxide, not only increases the thermal expansion coefficient of glass, but also reduces the melting temperature by capturing oxygen ions in the Si-O network and causing Si-O to break the network, forming non-bridging oxygen. Bi 2O3 having a similar effect to PbO can remarkably reduce the viscosity of glass and increase the refractive index, so that Bi 2O3 and PbO can mutually enhance the effect of each other when coexisting. In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of PbO is 0.2 to 0.4% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of PbO, in mass percent, may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges of 0.24 to 0.4%, 0.3 to 0.4%, 0.2 to 0.3%, 0.24 to 0.3%, 0.2 to 0.24%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the PbO content is 0.24 to 0.4% by mass.
In addition, bi 2O3 also contributes to improving the thermal stability of the glass and enhancing the light absorption capacity. In particular the reducing properties of the Bi element in a high temperature hydrogen atmosphere can be used to optimize the anti-halation effect, which provides new possibilities for the application of glass materials. However, the amount of Bi 2O3 introduced needs to be precisely controlled to avoid the decrease in chemical stability of the glass and the serious corrosion of the melting vessel due to excessive addition. Too much Bi 2O3 may promote glass crystallization, affecting transparency and optical uniformity, while insufficient Bi 2O3 content makes it difficult to fully exert its effect of improving optical properties.
In the embodiment of the invention, the content of Bi 2O3 is 0.2 to 0.4% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of Bi 2O3 may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges, 0.24 to 0.4%, 0.3 to 0.4%, 0.2 to 0.3%, 0.24 to 0.3%, 0.2 to 0.24%, etc., in terms of mass%. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of Bi 2O3 is 0.24 to 0.4% by mass.
In the invention, ceO 2 is mainly introduced to improve the absorption capacity of the glass to ultraviolet rays so as to ensure that the glass can keep stable color under the irradiation of strong radiation. In addition, ceO 2 can decompose and release oxygen at the melting temperature, can be used as a clarifying agent, and can effectively improve the light transmittance of glass. In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of CeO 2 is 0.1 to 0.2% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of CeO 2 may be further selected from the following content ranges or any value in the following content ranges, 0.12 to 0.2%, 0.15 to 0.2%, 0.1 to 0.15%, 0.12 to 0.15%, 0.1 to 0.12%, etc., in terms of mass percent. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of CeO 2 is 0.12 to 0.2% by mass.
In embodiments of the invention, the synergistic effect of PbO, bi 2O3, and CeO 2 not only optimizes the physical and chemical properties of the glass, but also improves the photovoltaic performance by forming a light absorbing layer in the glass.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sum of the contents of Bi 2O3, pbO, and CeO 2 is not less than 0.5% by mass, and the value may be further not less than 0.6%, not less than 0.65%, not less than 0.7%, not less than 0.75%, not less than 0.8%, not less than 0.9%, not less than 1.0%. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sum of the contents of Bi 2O3, pbO, and CeO 2 may be 0.5-1%, 0.6-1%, 0.65-1%, 0.7-1%, 0.75-1%, 0.8-1%, 0.9-1%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of Bi 2O3, pbO, and CeO 2 is 2:2:1 in mass percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ratio of Bi 2O3 to PbO is 1:1 in mass percent.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sum of the contents of Bi 2O3 and PbO is 0.4 to 0.8%, preferably 0.45 to 0.8%, more preferably 0.6 to 0.8% by mass.
In the present invention, the Yb element in Yb 2O3 is a valence element, and both the absorption peak and the emission peak thereof are located in the near infrared region, so that the visible light transmittance of the glass is not affected, and at the same time, the addition of Yb can reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass and improve the mechanical properties thereof by densifying the microstructure of the glass, but it should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, the amount of Yb 2O3 should be controlled to not more than 0.2wt% to avoid devitrification. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of Yb 2O3 is 0 to 0.2% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of Yb 2O3 in mass percent may be further selected from or be any of the following content ranges: 0. 0-0.05%, 0-0.1%, 0-0.16%, 0-0.2%, 0.1-0.2%, 0.16-0.2%, 0.05-0.16%, 0.1-0.16%, 0.05-0.1%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the content of Yb 2O3 is 0 or 0.16 to 0.2% by mass.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of CeO 2 is not less than the content of Yb 2O3.
And, in the present invention, it is optional to add not more than 0.2% of the variable valence metal oxide BeO. BeO has higher thermal conductivity, and the characteristic can help the glass to effectively dissipate heat generated in the processing or using process, so that the performance of the glass in high-temperature application is improved, and meanwhile, the BeO can improve the mechanical strength and hardness of the material, so that the glass is more durable and more wear-resistant. In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of BeO is 0 to 0.2% by mass. In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of BeO, in mass percent, may be further selected from or be any of the following content ranges: 0. 0-0.1%, 0-0.12%, 0-0.15%, 0.12-0.2%, 0.15-0.2%, 0.1-0.15%, 0.12-0.15%, 0.1-0.12%, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the BeO content is 0 or 0.12-0.2% by mass.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the sum of the contents of PbO, bi 2O3, beO, and CeO 2 is not less than 0.5% by mass, and the ratio may be further not less than 0.6%, not less than 0.72%, not less than 0.8%, not less than 0.9%, not less than 1.0%, not less than 1.2%. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the sum of the contents of PbO, bi 2O3, beO and CeO 2 is 0.5-1.2%, 0.6-1.2%, preferably 0.72-1.2%, more preferably 1-1.2%. In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the contents of Bi 2O3, pbO, beO, and CeO 2, in mass%, is 2:2:1:1.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass composition comprises ：SiO271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O 4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0-0.2% by mass percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass composition comprises ：SiO271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O 4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0.1-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0-0.2% by mass percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass composition comprises ：SiO271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O 4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3, 0.05-0.2% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass composition comprises ：SiO271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O 4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0.1-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3, 0.05-0.2% by mass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass composition comprises ：SiO271-76％、B2O3 6-9％、Al2O3 5-8％、Na2O 4.4-6％、K2O 0.5-0.8％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 1.07-1.5％、BaO 2.5-3.6％、MgO 0.03-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.24-0.4％、PbO 0.24％-0.4％、BeO 0.12-0.2％、CeO20.12-0.2％ and Yb 2O3, 0.05-0.2% by mass.
In some embodiments of the present invention, glass prepared from the glass composition of the present invention has good transmittance, which is not less than 90.0% in the wavelength range of 350-400nm, and not less than 92.4% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. For example, in some embodiments, the glass has a minimum transmittance of 90.2%, 90.3%, 90.4%, 90.5%, 90.6%, 90.7%, 90.8%, 90.69%, 91.5%, 92.4%, 92.5%, 92.6%, 92.7%, 92.8%, 92.9%, 93.5% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Specifically, in some embodiments, the glass has a minimum transmittance of 90.2 to 91.5%, further 90.5 to 91.5%, still further 90.8 to 91.5%, preferably 91 to 91.5%, in the wavelength range of 350 to 400nm, and a minimum transmittance of 92.4 to 93.6%, further 92.9 to 93.6%, still further 93 to 93.6%, in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, glass prepared from the glass composition has a good thermal expansion coefficient, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass composition can be stabilized at (55+/-2) multiplied by 10 -7/DEG C at 30-300 ℃, the glass transition temperature T g is more than or equal to 555 ℃ and the sagging temperature T s is more than or equal to 650 ℃. This indicates that the glass has good hot workability, chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass prepared from the glass composition according to the present invention is capable of forming a light absorbing layer after reduction treatment, the light absorbing layer having a thickness of 0.6mm or more, 0.7mm or more, 0.8mm or more, the light absorbing layer having a transmittance of 0 in the wavelength range of 350 to 800nm, 1.8% or less, 1.4% or less, 1.3% or less, 1.2% or less, and 1.0% or less in the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm. Specifically, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer has a transmittance of 1.0 to 1.8%, further 1.0 to 1.4%, and still further 1.0 to 1.3% in the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, glasses prepared from glass compositions according to the invention have a cathode sensitivity average value of greater than or equal to 850. Mu.A/lm, and further greater than or equal to 860. Mu.A/lm, greater than or equal to 870. Mu.A/lm, and in particular greater than or equal to 875. Mu.A/lm. For example, in some embodiments, the cathode sensitivity average is 864-876. Mu.A/lm, further 870-876. Mu.A/lm, and still further 872-876. Mu.A/lm.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a glass blank prepared from the glass composition described in the first aspect above.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of making a glass blank comprises: mixing the raw materials, melting the mixture at 1350-1400 deg.C, stirring, clarifying, and shaping at 1150-1250 deg.C to obtain glass blank.
The stirring can be mechanical stirring, the stirring can accelerate the homogenization process of the molten glass, and the stirring can continuously divide uneven areas and coarse stripes in the molten glass into fine and short stripes, so that the contact surface of the stripes is increased, mutual dissolution and diffusion between the molten glass and the stripes are facilitated, and the stripes gradually disappear or are reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, the melting time is 20-30 hours. At this melting time, the refining of the glass is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the molding time is 10-15min, and the generation of secondary bubbles, impurities, and the like is reduced by shortening the molding time.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass blank has a transmittance of 90.2% or more in the wavelength range of 350-400nm and a transmittance of 92.4% or more in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. In some embodiments of the invention, the glass blank has a minimum optical transmission of 90.5% or more in the wavelength range of 350-400nm and a minimum optical transmission of 92.5% or more in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. For example, in some embodiments, the glass blank has a minimum transmittance of 90.2%, 90.3%, 90.4%, 90.5%, 90.6%, 90.7%, 90.8%, 90.69%, 91.5%, 92.4%, 92.5%, 92.6%, 92.7%, 92.8%, 92.9%, 93.5% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Specifically, in some embodiments, the glass blank has a minimum transmittance of 90.2 to 91.5%, further 90.5 to 91.5%, still further 90.8 to 91.5%, preferably 91 to 91.5%, in the wavelength range of 350 to 400nm, and the glass blank has a minimum transmittance of 92.4 to 93.6%, further 92.9 to 93.6%, still further 93 to 93.6%, in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass blanks have good coefficients of thermal expansion that can be stabilized at (55.+ -. 2). Times.10 -7/. Degree.C.at 30 ℃ -300 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the glass blanks have good hot workability, chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength, and have a glass transition temperature T g ℃ of greater than or equal to 555 ℃ and a sagging temperature T s of greater than or equal to 650 ℃.
The method of the invention has process stability, and the glass material prepared by the process method can show stable characteristics and cannot cause non-negligible fluctuation of glass performance due to the increase or decrease of the process in the range. Of course, it is understood that within this process, some higher temperatures can shorten the preparation process compared to lower temperatures. If desired to reduce the time costs as much as possible, one skilled in the art can select a relatively higher temperature within the temperature range disclosed herein when operating.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a strong stray light absorbing anti-halation photovoltaic glass comprising a light transmissive active area having a glass composition identical to the glass composition described in the first aspect above or made from the glass blank described in the second aspect above.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the strong stray light absorbing anti-halation photoelectric glass further comprises a light absorbing layer, wherein the light absorbing layer is obtained by reducing the light transmitting effective area.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reduction treatment is performed in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of 550-650 ℃ and a pressure of 0.01-0.5 MPa for a time of 3000-15000min. For example, in some embodiments of the invention, the reduction process is: the glass blank is processed into steps, the steps are placed in a closed container and heated to 600 ℃, reducing atmosphere (such as hydrogen) is introduced, the hydrogen pressure is 0.20MPa, the hydrogen treatment time is 60 hours, and the hydrogen in the closed container is replaced every 15 hours.
In some embodiments of the invention, the light transmission effective area of the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass has a transmittance of 90.0% or more in the wavelength range of 350-400nm and a transmittance of 92.4% or more in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. For example, in some embodiments, the glass has a minimum transmittance of 90.2%, 90.3%, 90.4%, 90.5%, 90.6%, 90.7%, 90.8%, 90.69%, 91.5%, 92.4%, 92.5%, 92.6%, 92.7%, 92.8%, 92.9%, 93.5% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Specifically, in some embodiments, the glass has a minimum transmittance of 90.2 to 91.5%, further 90.5 to 91.5%, in the wavelength range of 350 to 400nm, and a minimum transmittance of 92.4 to 93.6%, further 92.9 to 93.6%, further 93 to 93.6%, in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the strong stray light absorbing anti-halation photoelectric glass has a light absorbing layer thickness of 0.6mm or more, 0.7mm or more, 0.8mm or more, a light absorbing layer transmittance of 0 in the wavelength range of 350-800nm, 1.8% or less, 1.4% or less, 1.3% or less, 1.2% or less, and 1.0% or less in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm. Specifically, in some embodiments, the light absorbing layer has a transmittance of 1.0 to 1.8%, further 1.0 to 1.4%, and still further 1.0 to 1.3% in the wavelength range of 800 to 1000 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the strong stray light absorbing anti-halation photoelectric glass has a cathode sensitivity average value of equal to or greater than 850. Mu.A/lm, further equal to or greater than 860. Mu.A/lm, equal to or greater than 870. Mu.A/lm, and in particular equal to or greater than 875. Mu.A/lm. For example, in some embodiments, the cathode sensitivity average is 864-876. Mu.A/lm, further 870-876. Mu.A/lm, and still further 872-876. Mu.A/lm.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass of the third aspect, comprising:
mixing the raw materials uniformly, melting the mixture at 1350-1400 ℃, stirring, clarifying, and molding at 1150-1250 ℃ to obtain a glass blank;
and (3) after annealing the glass blank, carrying out cold working treatment, then carrying out reduction treatment to form a light absorption layer on the surface of the glass blank, and finally carrying out surface treatment to obtain the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method of producing a glass blank may be as described in the second aspect above.
In the embodiment of the invention, the annealing is carried out to eliminate the internal stress of the glass and meet the requirement of the later cold working, and the annealing temperature is 500-620 ℃.
In embodiments of the present invention, the purpose of the cold working is primarily to precisely modify the shape, size, surface condition, etc. of the glass blank to meet specific application requirements, such operations including, but not limited to, cutting, edging, etc. The appropriate treatment may be selected as desired. For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, the glass blank is rounded, sliced, and stepped to obtain a stepped glass blank. And then reducing the step-type glass blank.
In embodiments of the present invention, the surface treatment includes, but is not limited to, sanding, polishing and cutting, polishing, etc., to adjust the surface state of the glass, such as flatness and finish, etc. The appropriate treatment may be selected as desired. For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, a step-shaped glass blank obtained after cold working is subjected to a reduction treatment, a light absorbing layer is formed on the surface of the step-shaped glass blank, and then the light absorbing layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the step-shaped glass blank are ground and removed and polished to leak out a transparent glass portion while retaining the (step-surface) light absorbing layers on the remaining surfaces, thereby obtaining the step-shaped strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass. The glass may be used as an anti-halation glass input window, such as an example shown in fig. 3, where the upper and lower surfaces expose the light transmissive active area and the remaining surfaces have a black light absorbing layer.
In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical element made of the glass composition described in the above first aspect or the glass blank described in the above second aspect, or comprising the strong veiling glare absorbing anti-halation glass described in the above third aspect.
In some embodiments of the invention, the optical element is an optical window, preferably an anti-halation glass input window.
In a sixth aspect of the invention, the invention provides a microimage intensifier comprising an optical element as described in the fifth aspect above.
In some embodiments of the invention, the optical element is an anti-halation glass input window.
In a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of the glass composition according to the first aspect, or the glass blank according to the second aspect, or the strong stray light absorbing anti-halation electro-optical glass according to the third aspect, or the optical element according to the fifth aspect, or the microoptical image intensifier according to the sixth aspect in the optical field or in the smart technology application field.
In some embodiments of the invention, the application is for use as an optical window.
In some embodiments of the invention, the application is an antihalation glass input window for use in the manufacture of microimage intensifiers.
In some embodiments of the invention, the application is for the manufacture of an optical system component for a low-light night vision device.
The specific features described in all the embodiments of the present invention described in the above aspects may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not be described in any detail with respect to various possible combinations.
The numerical ranges recited herein include all numbers within the range and include any two values within the range, unless specifically stated otherwise. For example, 0.1-0.2%, which includes all values between 0.1-0.2%, and which includes values (0.11-0.19%) of any two values (e.g., 0.11%, 0.19%) within the range; the different values of the same index appearing in all embodiments of the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a range value.
Through one or more of the above technical means, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:
The invention provides a glass composition and strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass prepared from the composition. The strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass provided by the invention has good transmittance, the transmittance of a light transmission effective area is more than or equal to 90.0% in the wavelength range of 350-400nm, and the transmittance is more than or equal to 92.4% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm; the thickness of the black light absorbing layer is more than or equal to 0.6mm, the transmittance is 0 in the wavelength range of 350-800nm, and the transmittance is less than or equal to 1.8% in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm. The cathode sensitivity average value of the anti-halation glass is more than or equal to 850 mu A/lm, and the high-transmittance and strong-halation absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass provided by the invention is provided with the edge halation absorption layer, so that halation formed by a strong light source can be effectively eliminated, and the image contrast is improved.
The strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass provided by the invention has the advantages that the thermal expansion coefficient at 30-300 ℃ can be stabilized at (55+/-2) multiplied by 10 -7/DEG C, the transition temperature T g is more than or equal to 555 ℃, the sagging temperature T s is more than or equal to 650 ℃, the chemical stability, the thermal stability and the mechanical strength are better, and the forming and processing performances are good.
The traditional anti-halation photoelectric glass has low average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-1000nm and difficult stray light absorption performance improvement, and the anti-halation glass has higher optical transmittance, excellent stray light elimination performance and high cathode sensitivity performance by selecting and adjusting the types and the proportion of raw materials and clarifying agents and the synergism generated by mixing and introducing variable valence ion components, so that the use requirements of advanced image intensifier and other anti-halation glass materials with high performance can be met.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing transmittance of the light transmitting effective region of the glasses of example 1 and comparative example 5 in the range of 350 to 1000 nm.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the transmittance of the light absorbing layer of the glass of example 1 and comparative example 5 in the range of 350 to 1000 nm.
Fig. 3 is a physical view of an anti-halation input window (step type).
Detailed Description
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental procedures, which do not address the specific conditions in the examples below, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The reagents or materials used in the present application may be purchased in conventional manners, and unless otherwise indicated, they may be used in conventional manners in the art or according to the product specifications. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present application. The preferred methods and materials described herein are presented for illustrative purposes only.
Example 1
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: quartz sand, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium carbonate, barium nitrate, calcium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, bismuth trioxide, lead silicate, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide and titanium oxide are taken as raw materials, and after being fully mixed, the raw materials are melted for 30 hours at 1350 ℃ and mechanically stirred (10 r/min,15 hours), and are assisted in high-temperature clarification (compressed air is introduced into the bottom of glass liquid under the pressure of 0.20MPa, the ventilation time is 10 hours), and the blank is formed at 1250 ℃ in a leakage way (the forming time is 10 minutes).
And (3) putting the plate-shaped glass blank into an annealing furnace which is heated to 550 ℃ in advance for annealing so as to eliminate the internal stress of the glass and meet the requirement of post cold working.
And (3) carrying out cold working steps of rounding, slicing and step opening on the annealed platy glass blank, then placing the step-shaped blank in a closed container, heating to 600 ℃, introducing hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen pressure is 0.20MPa, the hydrogen treatment time is 60h, replacing the hydrogen in the closed container every 15h, generating a layer of light absorption layer on the surface of the glass blank after reduction treatment, grinding and removing the light absorption layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the blank, polishing, leaking out the transparent glass part, and simultaneously reserving the light absorption layer on the step surface to obtain the anti-halation photoelectric glass. The glass may act as an anti-halation input window as shown in fig. 3.
Transmittance was measured with an ultraviolet-visible infrared spectrophotometer.
The thickness of the light absorbing layer (black layer) formed after the reduction of the glass was measured with an optical microscope.
The coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass samples was measured using a relaxation-resistant DIL 402 model expansion tester. Sample preparation, the glass sample was ground and polished to a cylindrical glass rod of Φ6mm×50mm, and the two end faces were made parallel. The temperature rising speed is set to be 5 ℃/min, and the data acquisition period is set to be 20ms. The data are plotted as a function of temperature and linear expansion, and the glass linear expansion coefficient (α), the transition temperature (T g) and the sag temperature (T s) are obtained by the tangential method. (GB/T7962.16-2010)
The measurement of the cathode sensitivity of the anti-halation input window is performed on a super-second-generation image intensifier tube (the image intensifier tube is a core device of a night vision device), a prescribed voltage is applied to the super-second-generation image intensifier tube, a tungsten filament lamp with a color temperature of 2856 K+/-50K is used as a light source, and prescribed luminous flux is uniformly distributed in a prescribed area of a photocathode in parallel with an input optical axis. The spectral characteristics of the input optical radiation should not be changed when using the dimmer. Measuring the cathode current at this time; the cathode current was measured after switching off the light source when no radiation was input to the photocathode. The light sensitivity is calculated as:
wherein s is the photosensitivity, and the unit is mu A/lm; i 1 is cathode current when light radiation is input, and is the sum of photocurrent caused by the light radiation and I 2, and the unit is mu A; i 2 is the cathode current when no radiation is input, and is the sum of the photocathode dark current and the internal and external leakage current, and the unit is mu A; Φ is the input luminous flux in lm. (GJB 7351-2011)
Example 2
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The melting temperature in the preparation method is 1400 ℃, and the melting time is 20 hours; mechanical stirring (15 r/min,10 h), molding temperature 1150 ℃ and molding time 15min, and other preparation steps, parameters and test procedures were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The melting temperature in the preparation method is 1380 ℃ and the melting time is 25 hours; mechanical stirring (25 r/min,12 h), molding temperature 1200 ℃ and molding time 12min, and other preparation steps, parameters and test procedures were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The melting temperature in the preparation method is 1360 ℃ and the melting time is 21 hours; mechanical stirring (40 r/min,11 h), molding temperature 1170℃and molding time 14min, and other preparation steps, parameters and test procedures were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The melting temperature in the preparation method is 1370 ℃, and the melting time is 22 hours; mechanical stirring (40 r/min,11.5 h), molding temperature 1190deg.C, molding time 13min, and other preparation steps, parameters and testing procedures were the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 7
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 8
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 9
The glass composition and physical properties of this example are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Comparative examples 1 to 11
The glass compositions and physical properties are shown in Table 2, and the introduction of the remaining components, the preparation steps of the glass, parameters and test procedures are the same as those of example 1.
TABLE 1 Components, contents and physical Properties of the anti-halation glasses of examples 1 to 9 of the present invention
TABLE 2 Components, contents and physical Properties of comparative examples of the invention
Examples 1-9 by reasonably adding the corresponding components and controlling the proportions of the components in the raw materials, the optical transmittance of the effective area of the anti-halation photoelectric glass is higher while the higher cathode sensitivity is ensured, and the optical transmittance of the black light absorption area is lower. As can be seen from Table 1, the optical transmittance of the high-transmittance, strong-stray-light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glasses prepared from the glass compositions of examples 1 to 9 of the present invention is as follows: the transmittance of the anti-halation glass effective area is more than or equal to 90.2% in the wavelength range of 350-400nm, and the transmittance is more than or equal to 92.4% in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm; the thickness of the black light absorbing layer is more than or equal to 0.6mm, the transmittance is 0 in the wavelength range of 350-800nm, and the transmittance is less than or equal to 1.8% in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm. The average sensitivity of the cathode is more than or equal to 850 mu A/lm, and the comprehensive performance is excellent.
The high-transmittance and high-stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass provided by the invention has the thermal expansion coefficient of (55+/-2) multiplied by 10 -7/DEG C at 30-300 ℃, the transition temperature T g is more than or equal to 555 ℃, the sagging temperature T s is more than or equal to 650 ℃, and has better chemical stability, thermal stability and mechanical strength and good forming and processing performances.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A glass composition comprising, in mass percent: 3 to 8 percent of SiO 2 71-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3, 5.4 to 9 percent of alkali metal oxide, 2.3 to 5.2 percent of alkaline earth metal oxide, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Bi 2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 and 0 to 0.2 percent of Yb 2O3.
2. The glass composition according to claim 1, which comprises ：SiO271-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O 4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O3 0.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO20.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0 to 0.2% by mass;
preferably, it comprises ：SiO2 71-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O30.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0.1-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0-0.2% by mass;
preferably, it comprises ：SiO2 71-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O30.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0.05-0.2% by mass;
Preferably, it comprises ：SiO2 71-80％、B2O3 5-9％、Al2O3 3-8％、Na2O4.4-7％、K2O 0.5-1％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 0.49-1.5％、BaO 1.8-3.6％、MgO 0.01-0.1％、Bi2O30.2-0.4％、PbO 0.2％-0.4％、BeO 0.1-0.2％、CeO2 0.1-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0.05-0.2% by mass;
Preferably, it contains ：SiO2 71-76％、B2O3 6-9％、Al2O3 5-8％、Na2O4.4-6％、K2O 0.5-0.8％、Li2O 0.5-1％、CaO 1.07-1.5％、BaO 2.5-3.6％、MgO 0.03-0.1％、Bi2O30.24-0.4％、PbO 0.24％-0.4％、BeO 0.12-0.2％、CeO2 0.12-0.2％ and Yb 2O3 0.05 to 0.2% by mass.
3. The glass composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of SiO 2 is 71-76% by mass;
Preferably, the content of B 2O3 is 6.75-9% by mass;
Preferably, the content of Al 2O3 is 5-8% by mass;
Preferably, the content of Na 2 O is 4.4-6% by mass;
preferably, the content of K 2 O is 0.5-0.8% by mass;
Preferably, the content of Li 2 O is 0.5-0.8% by mass;
preferably, the CaO content is 1.07-1.5% by mass;
preferably, the BaO content is 2.5-3.6% by mass;
Preferably, the MgO content is 0.03-0.1% by mass;
Preferably, the PbO content is 0.24-0.4% by mass;
Preferably, the content of Bi 2O3 is 0.24-0.4% by mass;
Preferably, the content of CeO 2 is 0.12-0.2% by mass;
preferably, the content of Yb 2O3 is 0 or 0.16-0.2% by mass percent;
Preferably, the content of BeO is 0 or 0.12-0.2% by mass percent;
Preferably, the alkali metal oxide includes Na 2O、K2 O and Li 2 O; the alkaline earth metal oxides include CaO, baO, and MgO;
preferably, the ratio of the contents of alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide is less than 2.5;
Preferably, the Na 2 O content is greater than 70% of the total alkali metal oxide content;
preferably, the content of BaO is greater than 65% of the total alkaline earth metal oxides;
Preferably, the sum of the contents of SiO 2、B2O3 and Al 2O3 is not less than 87%;
preferably, the content of CeO 2 is not less than the content of Yb 2O3;
preferably, the ratio of Bi 2O3 to PbO is 1:1;
Preferably, the sum of the contents of PbO, bi 2O3, beO and CeO 2 is not less than 0.5%;
Preferably, the ratio of the contents of Bi 2O3, pbO, beO and CeO 2 is 2:2:1:1.
4. A glass blank prepared from the glass composition of any of claims 1 to 3;
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, melting the mixture at 1350-1400 deg.C, stirring, clarifying, and shaping at 1150-1250 deg.C to obtain glass blank.
5. A strong veiling glare absorbing antihalation photovoltaic glass comprising a light transmissive active area having a glass composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 or made from the glass blank of claim 4.
6. The strong stray light absorbing anti-halation photoelectric glass according to claim 5, further comprising a light absorbing layer obtained by reducing a light transmitting effective area glass;
Preferably, the reduction treatment is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, the temperature of the reduction treatment is 550-650 ℃, the pressure is 0.01-0.5 MPa, and the time is 3000-15000min;
Preferably, the transmittance of the light-transmitting effective area in the wavelength range of 350-400nm is more than or equal to 90.2%, and the transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-1000nm is more than or equal to 92.4%;
Preferably, the thickness of the light absorption layer is more than or equal to 0.6mm, the transmittance of the light absorption layer is 0 in the wavelength range of 350-800nm, and the transmittance is less than or equal to 1.8% in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm;
Preferably, the cathode sensitivity average value of the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass is more than or equal to 850 mu A/lm.
7. A method of making the strong veiling glare absorbing antihalation photovoltaic glass of claim 5 or 6 comprising:
mixing the raw materials uniformly, melting the mixture at 1350-1400 ℃, stirring, clarifying, and molding at 1150-1250 ℃ to obtain a glass blank;
annealing the glass blank at 500-620 ℃ and then carrying out cold working treatment;
Performing reduction treatment after cold working treatment, and forming a light absorption layer on the surface of the glass blank;
carrying out surface treatment on the glass blank with the light absorption layer on the surface to obtain strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass;
preferably, the method comprises: mixing the raw materials uniformly, melting the mixture at 1350-1400 ℃, stirring, clarifying, and molding at 1150-1250 ℃ to obtain a glass blank;
Annealing the glass blank at 500-620 ℃, and then carrying out the processes of rounding, slicing and step opening to obtain a step-type glass blank; and then reducing the step-shaped glass blank, forming a light absorption layer on the surface of the step-shaped glass blank after the reduction, grinding and removing the light absorption layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the step-shaped glass blank, polishing, leaking out the transparent glass part, and retaining the light absorption layer on the step surface to obtain the strong stray light absorption anti-halation photoelectric glass.
8. An optical element made from the glass composition of any one of claims 1 to 3 or the glass blank of claim 4 or comprising the strong veiling glare absorbing antihalation glass of claim 5 or 6;
Preferably, the optical element is an optical window, preferably an anti-halation glass input window.
9. A microimage intensifier, comprising the optical element of claim 7;
Preferably, the optical element is an anti-halation glass input window.
10. Use of the glass composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, or the glass blank of claim 4, or the strong veiling glare absorbing antihalation glass of claim 5, or the optical element of claim 7, or the microimage intensifier of claim 9 in an optical field or an intelligent technical application field;
Preferably, the application is for use as an optical window;
preferably, the application is an anti-halation glass input window for the preparation of a microimage intensifier;
Preferably, the application is for the manufacture of an optical system component for a low-light night vision device.
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