CN118213558A - Heat dissipation control method of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Heat dissipation control method of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118213558A CN118213558A CN202410277373.7A CN202410277373A CN118213558A CN 118213558 A CN118213558 A CN 118213558A CN 202410277373 A CN202410277373 A CN 202410277373A CN 118213558 A CN118213558 A CN 118213558A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system, which comprises the steps of judging the number of initial fans to be started according to the current of a pile of the fuel cell system, and starting the corresponding number of fans through a controller; according to the difference value between the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature, the rotating speed of the started fan is regulated by the controller, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is increased to a low noise value, adding a working fan through the controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature after the rotating speed of the working fan is reduced to the low limit value, one working fan is reduced by the controller. The control method can ensure proper temperature adjustment range of the cooling liquid, maximize the service efficiency of the fan and reduce the negative influence of large temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack on the performance of the stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system.
Background
The higher the output power of the fuel cell, the more heat is generated, which, if not effectively dissipated in time, will affect the life of the fuel cell and even damage the fuel cell stack. The heat dissipation mode adopted by the current fuel cell system mainly comprises that a plurality of heat dissipation fans take away heat generated by the reaction of the fuel cell system in a gas-liquid heat exchange mode. In addition, the space of the automobile is limited, the arrangement is compact, and the arrangement of a larger radiator is more difficult. How to provide a radiator arrangement mode, improve radiating efficiency, stabilize pile performance and prolong service life of a fan is a problem to be solved in the field.
CN116454316B discloses a heat dissipation control method and system for a high-power fuel cell system, by controlling a plurality of heat dissipation fans distributed on a radiator core in groups, the heat dissipation fans of the same group are symmetrically distributed, and the symmetry axis is parallel to the cooling fluid direction of the heat dissipation core; when the control is performed, the fans are started in groups, after the fan group started first is started to idle speed, when the rotating speed is increased to the control limit according to the actual temperature of the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature of the outlet of the radiator, the next group of fans are started again, and the fans are closed in groups according to the reverse order of the starting. However, the above method has the following problems:
(1) The space on the automobile is limited, the arrangement is rapid, and for a high-power fuel cell system, a large integral radiator is difficult to arrange.
(2) When the cooling fan is started, only one group of fans are started, and the proper number of fans is not selected according to the actual situation of the fuel cell, so that the cooling requirement cannot be met rapidly.
(3) When the cooling fans are controlled in groups, one group of fans are started at a time, the adjustment amplitude is overlarge, the continuity is lacked, the service efficiency of the fans cannot be maximized, and the energy is wasted; the pins for controlling the fans on the controller are limited, so that individual control of the single fan is difficult to realize; in the operation process of the radiator, if a plurality of fans are synchronously started and stopped, the temperature fluctuation of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is large, and the performance of the stack is influenced.
Therefore, there is a need to design a heat dissipation control method for a fuel cell system, which solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a heat dissipation control method for a fuel cell system, which aims to avoid the problem of difficult arrangement caused by an integral radiator by adopting a plurality of radiator cores, and when the number of fans is adjusted in groups, a controller can only increase or decrease one fan at a time by adopting a special fan grouping mode, so as to reduce the negative influence of large temperature fluctuation of cooling liquid of a fuel cell stack on the performance of the stack.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system includes two or more heat dissipation cores of the same model, there are four fans evenly arranged on the heat dissipation core, the said fan is connected with pin on the fuel cell controller, there are four pins at least on the said fuel cell controller, wherein two pins control the single fan separately, a pin controls two fans at the same time, other pins control four fans at the same time, the said control method is concretely as follows:
s1, judging the number of initial fans to be started according to the stack current of a fuel cell system, and starting the corresponding number of fans through a fuel cell controller;
S2, according to the difference value of the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the started fan is regulated through the fuel cell controller, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature;
s3, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is increased to a low noise value, adding a working fan through the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is reduced to the low limit value, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller.
Further, the fan rotation speed is correspondingly provided with an idle speed value, a low limit value and a high limit value, the idle speed value of the fan rotation speed is the minimum rotation speed required when the fan is started, the low limit value of the fan rotation speed is the minimum rotation speed when the fan works, the high limit value of the fan rotation speed is the maximum rotation speed of the fan in full-speed operation, and the idle speed value is higher than the low limit value.
Further, the fan rotating speed is provided with a low noise value, the rotating speed corresponding to the low noise value is lower than a high limit value, and when the fan rotating speed is smaller than or equal to the low noise value, the fan noise is in an acceptance range.
Further, according to the number N of the fans of the radiator, the current of the fuel cell stack is divided into N+1 current intervals, and the adjacent current intervals have partial overlapping areas, and when the fuel cell system is positioned in different current intervals at normal temperature and normal pressure, the number of the working fans corresponding to the different current intervals of the fuel cell stack is calibrated according to the heat dissipation capacity required by the fuel cell system, namely the number of the initial fans.
Further, the starting and accelerating of each fan are carried out according to the following principle:
When at least one fan does not work, if the started fan speeds reach low noise values and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, a working fan is increased through the fuel cell controller, the rotating speed of the fan is regulated, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, and so on, only one working fan is added at a time through the fuel cell controller until all fans are started;
When all fans are started, the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, and the rotating speeds of all fans are gradually regulated by the fuel cell controller until the rotating speeds of all fans reach a high limit value, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained to be near the target value.
Further, the speed reduction and the closing of each fan are carried out according to the following principle:
When all fans work, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the fans is reduced by the fuel cell controller until all the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator at the moment, the rotating speed of one fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller until the rotating speed of the fan reaches the low limit value, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator at the moment, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all the fans are closed;
when at least one fan is not in operation, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant, the rotation speed of one fan is reduced to a low limit value by the fuel cell controller, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is still lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant at this time, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all fans are turned off.
Further, when at least one fan is not operated, if the rotational speeds of the started fans reach low noise values, an observation time t 1 is set, and if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator in the observation time t 1 and has a continuous rising trend, one operating fan is added through the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the cooling liquid has a continuous descending trend, the number of the current fans is kept, and the rotating speed of the fans is regulated to keep the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator near the target temperature.
Further, during the process of reducing the speed and closing the fan, firstly reducing the rotating speed of one fan between an idle speed value and a low limit value through the fuel cell controller, keeping the fan running at a low rotating speed, setting an observation time t 2, and if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and has a continuous descending trend in the observation time t 2, continuously reducing the rotating speed of the fan to be lower than the low limit value, and reducing one working fan; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and has a continuous rising trend, the rotating speed of the fan is increased to be more than a low limit value, so that the fan is quickly returned to an effective working state.
Further, when one operating fan is increased or decreased by the fuel cell controller, that is, when the number of operating fans is switched, at least one fan in an operating state before switching is maintained to continue to operate.
Further, for the single fans controlled by the two pins on the fuel cell controller respectively and independently, the fuel cell system records the effective starting times, when the fuel cell system is started for odd times, the single fan controlled by one pin is used as a preferential starting fan, and when the fuel cell system is started for even times, the single fan controlled by the other pin is used as a preferential starting fan, so that the service lives of the fans are guaranteed to be similar in the whole life cycle as far as possible.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Through the radiator that adopts the radiator core of two and above the same models, evenly arrange a plurality of radiator fans on the radiator core, through arranging the radiator core group promptly, avoid adopting the monolithic radiator of great volume, solve the problem of arranging of large-scale radiator on the car.
(2) By calibrating the number of the working fans corresponding to different current intervals in advance according to the current of the electric pile of the fuel cell system, when the fuel cell system needs to dissipate heat, the proper number of the fans can be selected according to the actual condition of the fuel cell, and the heat dissipation requirement can be rapidly met.
(3) By reasonably grouping the fans and connecting each group of fans with the pins of the controller, wherein the two pins respectively and independently control a single fan, only one fan is increased or reduced each time in the cooling liquid temperature adjustment process, the proper cooling liquid temperature adjustment amplitude can be ensured, the service efficiency of the fans is maximized, and the negative influence on the performance of a fuel cell stack caused by the large fluctuation of the cooling liquid temperature of the fuel cell stack is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a radiator fan arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of fan control pin assignment for a controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a diagram of the number of fans and the fan speed limit in the radiator according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a radiator core; 1-1, a radiator core cooling liquid inlet; 1-2, a radiator core cooling liquid outlet; 2. a radiator coolant outlet temperature sensor; 3. a radiator coolant inlet temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system, as shown in figures 1-3, wherein a radiator of the fuel cell system comprises two radiator cores with the same model or more, four fans are uniformly arranged on the radiator cores, the fans are connected with pins on a fuel cell controller, at least four pins are arranged on the fuel cell controller, two pins respectively and independently control a single fan, one pin simultaneously controls two fans, and other pins simultaneously control four fans.
Preferably, the fuel cell controller is a PID controller.
Through the radiator that adopts the radiator core of two and above the same models, evenly arrange a plurality of radiator fans on the radiator core, through arranging the radiator core group promptly, avoid adopting the monolithic radiator of great volume, solve the problem of arranging of large-scale radiator on the car.
As shown in fig. 3, the fan rotation speed is correspondingly provided with an idle speed value, a low limit value and a high limit value, wherein the idle speed value of the fan rotation speed is the minimum rotation speed required when the fan is started, the low limit value of the fan rotation speed is the minimum rotation speed when the fan works, and the high limit value of the fan rotation speed is the maximum rotation speed when the fan is in full-speed operation. The idle speed value is higher than the low limit value, namely, if the fan in the closed state needs to be started, the fan rotating speed at least reaches the idle speed value and can be started, and if the fan in the working state is started, the fan can be started and stopped gradually and then enters the closed state after the fan rotating speed is further reduced to be lower than the low limit value, and the fan can be started after the fan rotating speed is still higher than or equal to the low limit value.
Further, in order to avoid excessive noise generated in the working process of the radiator, the rotation speed of the fan is provided with a low noise value, the rotation speed corresponding to the low noise value is lower than a high limit value, when the rotation speed of the fan is smaller than or equal to the low noise value, the noise of the fan is in an acceptable range, and when the rotation speed of the fan is larger than the low noise value, the noise generated by the fan can be rapidly increased, and meanwhile the service life of the fan is also influenced.
In the fuel cell system, as the power increases, the heat dissipation requirement increases, and the number of fans of the heat sink increases accordingly to ensure sufficient heat dissipation. The number of radiator cores of the radiator in the fuel cell system is thus determined by the power of the fuel cell system, based on the fact that the heat dissipation capacity is greater than the heat dissipation capacity required at any point in the current interval of the fuel cell stack when all the fans of the radiator cores are operating at full speed, i.e. when all the fan speeds reach a high limit.
According to the number N of the fans of the radiator, the current of the fuel cell stack is divided into N+1 current intervals, and the adjacent current intervals are provided with partial overlapping areas for buffering, so that the number of working fans is prevented from frequently changing at a certain current point, and when the fuel cell system is in different current intervals at normal temperature and normal pressure, the number of the working fans which are needed corresponding to different current intervals of the fuel cell stack is calibrated according to the heat dissipation capacity required by the fuel cell system, namely the number of the initial fans.
By calibrating the number of the working fans corresponding to different current intervals in advance according to the current of the electric pile of the fuel cell system, when the fuel cell system needs to dissipate heat, the proper number of the fans can be selected according to the actual condition of the fuel cell, and the heat dissipation requirement can be rapidly met.
The heat dissipation control method of the fuel cell system specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, judging the number of initial fans to be started according to the stack current of a fuel cell system, and starting the corresponding number of fans through a fuel cell controller;
S2, according to the difference value between the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the started fan is regulated through the fuel cell controller, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature;
s3, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is increased to a low noise value, adding a working fan through the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is reduced to the low limit value, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller.
Specifically, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is measured by a temperature sensor disposed at the radiator outlet.
Specifically, the starting and accelerating of each fan are carried out according to the following principle:
When at least one fan does not work, if the started fan speeds reach low noise values and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, a working fan is increased through the fuel cell controller, the rotating speed of the fan is regulated, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, and so on, only one working fan is added at a time through the fuel cell controller until all fans are started;
When all fans are started, the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, and the rotating speeds of all fans are gradually regulated by the fuel cell controller until the rotating speeds of all fans reach a high limit value, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained to be near the target value.
By setting different upper rotational speed limits for the fan under different conditions, when the fan is not completely started, the upper rotational speed limits of the fan are set to be low noise values, so that the heat dissipation effect is ensured, and meanwhile, noise reduction is fully considered; when all fans are in a working state, the upper limit of the rotation speed of the fans is set to be a high limit value, so that the rotation speed is prevented from continuously rising, and the speed is reduced due to self-protection after the fans reach the limit rotation speed, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the fans is reduced; meanwhile, the problems of increased arrangement difficulty and increased cost caused by the increased number of the fans are fully considered, when the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell system with overlarge power is increased, the noise problem of the system is not considered preferentially, the heat dissipation problem is considered preferentially, and the heat dissipation requirement of the system under extreme conditions is ensured by using the least number of the fans.
Specifically, the speed reduction and the closing of each fan are carried out according to the following principle:
When all fans are working, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the fans is reduced by the fuel cell controller until all the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of one fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller until the limiting value is reached, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all the fans are closed.
When at least one fan is not in operation, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant, the rotation speed of one fan is reduced to a low limit value by the fuel cell controller, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is still lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant at this time, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all fans are turned off.
Specifically, when one working fan is increased or decreased by the fuel cell controller, that is, when the number of the working fans is switched, the fans in the working state before one or more switching are stopped, at the same time, the fans in the stopping state before one or more switching are started, and the newly started fan rotation speed is accelerated from zero to the required rotation speed for a certain time, but in the switching process, the fuel cell system can continuously generate heat, so as to prevent obvious temperature fluctuation, and at least one fan in the working state before switching is kept to continue working when the number of the working fans is switched each time, thereby keeping air circulation as much as possible, and achieving the purpose of effective heat dissipation.
Further, when at least one fan is not operated, if the rotational speeds of the started fans reach low noise values, an observation time t 1 is set, and if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator in the observation time t 1 and has a continuous rising trend, one operating fan is added through the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the cooling liquid has a continuous descending trend, the number of the current fans is kept, and the rotating speed of the fans is regulated to keep the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator near the target temperature. By setting the observation time, the new working fan is prevented from being started blindly, and the energy consumption is increased.
Further, during the process of reducing the speed and closing the fan, firstly reducing the rotating speed of one fan between an idle speed value and a low limit value through the fuel cell controller, keeping the fan running at a low rotating speed, setting an observation time t 2, and if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and has a continuous descending trend in the observation time t 2, continuously reducing the rotating speed of the fan to be lower than the low limit value, and reducing one working fan; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and has a continuous rising trend, the rotating speed of the fan is increased to be more than a low limit value, so that the fan is quickly returned to an effective working state. Through setting up the observation time, at fan number adjustment in-process, prevent because the heat dissipation demand rises in the reduction process rapidly, and the fan that leads to starts untimely, the radiating effect can not obtain the problem of assurance. When the rotation speed of the fan is between the idle speed value and the low limit value, the time required for returning to the effective working state and the consumed energy are far lower than the time required for starting a fan in a closed state and the consumed energy.
For the single fans which are respectively and independently controlled by two pins on the fuel cell controller, the fuel cell system records the effective starting times, when the fuel cell system is started for odd times, the single fan which is singly controlled by one pin is used as a preferential starting fan, and when the fuel cell system is started for even times, the single fan which is singly controlled by the other pin is used as the preferential starting fan, so that the service lives of the fans are ensured to be similar in the whole life cycle as far as possible. In each operation, when the number of fans is switched, the single fan which is started preferentially works preferentially.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radiator of the fuel cell system comprises two radiator cores 1 of the same type, four fans are uniformly arranged on the radiator cores 1, radiator core coolant inlets 1-1 and radiator core coolant outlets 1-2 are arranged on the radiator cores, and after entering from the radiator coolant inlets, the coolant flows into the radiator core coolant inlets 1-1 respectively, after being heated by the fans, flows out from the radiator core coolant outlets 1-2 and then flows into the radiator coolant outlets. The radiator is provided with a radiator cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor 3 and a radiator cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor 2, the fans are connected with pins on the fuel cell controller, the fuel cell controller 4 is provided with four pins, wherein two pins respectively and independently control a single fan, one pin simultaneously controls two fans, and one pin simultaneously controls four fans.
Four fans evenly arranged on the first radiator core are respectively A1, B1, C1 and D1, four fans evenly arranged on the second radiator core are respectively A2, B2, C2 and D2, and four pins are respectively X1, X2, X3 and X4 on the fuel cell controller.
Pin X1 controls fan A1, pin X2 controls fan A2, pin X3 simultaneously controls fans B1 and B2, and pin X4 simultaneously controls fans C1, C2, D1 and D2.
When the effective starting times of the fuel cell system are odd times, the number of different working fans is distributed as follows:
1 cooling fan A1;
2 heat dissipation fans A1, A2;
3 heat dissipation fans A1, B2;
4 cooling fans A1, A2, B1, B2;
5 cooling fans A1, C1, D1, C2, D2;
6 cooling fans B1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2;
7 cooling fans A1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2;
8 cooling fans A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2.
When the effective starting times of the fuel cell system are even times, the number of different working fans is distributed as follows:
1 heat radiation fan A2;
2 heat dissipation fans A1, A2;
3 heat dissipation fans A2, B1, B2;
4 cooling fans A1, A2, B1, B2;
5 cooling fans A2, C1, D1, C2, D2;
6 cooling fans B1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2;
7 cooling fans A2, B1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2;
8 cooling fans A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, D1, C2, D2.
The fans are reasonably grouped, each group of fans is connected with the pins of the controller, wherein the two pins respectively and independently control a single fan, so that only one fan is increased or reduced each time in the cooling liquid temperature adjusting process, the number of initial fans required to be started is judged according to the current of a fuel cell system pile, the rotating speed of the fans is firstly adjusted through PID according to the difference value between the actual temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature of cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained to be near the target value, and when the temperature of the cooling liquid cannot be effectively controlled within the rotating speed adjusting range by the initially started fans, the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained to be near the target value by increasing or reducing the number of the fans. In the control process, only one fan is increased or reduced each time, the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained near the target value, the proper temperature adjustment range of the cooling liquid can be ensured, the service efficiency of the fan is maximized, and the negative influence of the large fluctuation of the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack on the performance of the stack is reduced.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The heat dissipation control method of the fuel cell system is characterized in that the heat dissipation device of the fuel cell system comprises two or more heat dissipation device cores with the same model, four fans are uniformly arranged on the heat dissipation device cores, the fans are connected with pins on a fuel cell controller, at least four pins are arranged on the fuel cell controller, wherein two pins respectively and independently control a single fan, one pin simultaneously controls two fans, and the other pins simultaneously control four fans, and the control method is as follows:
s1, judging the number of initial fans to be started according to the stack current of a fuel cell system, and starting the corresponding number of fans through a fuel cell controller;
S2, according to the difference value of the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the started fan is regulated through the fuel cell controller, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature;
s3, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is increased to a low noise value, adding a working fan through the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speed of the working fan is reduced to the low limit value, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller.
2. The heat radiation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fan rotation speed is provided with an idling value, a low limit value and a high limit value, the idling value of the fan rotation speed is a minimum rotation speed required when the fan is started, the low limit value of the fan rotation speed is a minimum rotation speed when the fan is operated, the high limit value of the fan rotation speed is a maximum rotation speed when the fan is operated at full speed, and the idling value is higher than the low limit value.
3. The heat radiation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the fan rotation speed is provided with a low noise value, the rotation speed corresponding to the low noise value is lower than a high limit value, and when the fan rotation speed is equal to or lower than the low noise value, the fan noise is within an acceptable range.
4. The heat radiation control method of fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the current of the fuel cell stack is divided into n+1 current intervals according to the number N of the radiator fans, and the adjacent current intervals have partial overlapping areas, and when the fuel cell system is in different current intervals at normal temperature and normal pressure, the number of the working fans needed for different current intervals of the fuel cell stack is calibrated according to the heat radiation amount required by the fuel cell system, namely the initial number of the fans.
5. The heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the respective fan starts and speeds are performed according to the following principle:
When at least one fan does not work, if the started fan speeds reach low noise values and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, a working fan is increased through the fuel cell controller, the rotating speed of the fan is regulated, and the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is maintained to be near the target temperature; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator after the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, and so on, only one working fan is added at a time through the fuel cell controller until all fans are started;
When all fans are started, the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still higher than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, and the rotating speeds of all fans are gradually regulated by the fuel cell controller until the rotating speeds of all fans reach a high limit value, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is maintained to be near the target value.
6. The heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the respective fans are decelerated and turned off according to the following principle:
When all fans work, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator, the rotating speed of the fans is reduced by the fuel cell controller until all the rotating speeds of the fans reach low noise values, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator at the moment, the rotating speed of one fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller until the rotating speed of the fan reaches the low limit value, if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator at the moment, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all the fans are closed;
when at least one fan is not in operation, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant, the rotation speed of one fan is reduced to a low limit value by the fuel cell controller, if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is still lower than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant at this time, one working fan is reduced by the fuel cell controller, and so on, only one working fan is reduced at a time by the fuel cell controller until all fans are turned off.
7. The method of controlling heat dissipation of a fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein when at least one fan is not operated, if the rotational speed of the fan that has been started reaches a low noise value, an observation time t 1 is set, and if the actual temperature of the radiator outlet coolant is still higher than the target temperature of the radiator outlet coolant and there is a continuous rising trend during the observation time t 1, an operating fan is added by the fuel cell controller; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and the cooling liquid has a continuous descending trend, the number of the current fans is kept, and the rotating speed of the fans is regulated to keep the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator near the target temperature.
8. The heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein during the deceleration and shutdown of the fan, the rotational speed of a fan is reduced between the idle speed value and the low limit value by the fuel cell controller, the fan is kept running at a low rotational speed, an observation time t 2 is set, and if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is still lower than the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and there is a continuous trend of decreasing, the rotational speed of the fan is reduced to be lower than the low limit value, and an operating fan is reduced; if the actual temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator is about the target temperature of the cooling liquid at the outlet of the radiator and has a continuous rising trend, the rotating speed of the fan is increased to be more than a low limit value, so that the fan is quickly returned to an effective working state.
9. The heat radiation control method of a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein when one operating fan is increased or decreased by the fuel cell controller, that is, when the number of operating fans is switched, at least one fan in an operating state before the switching is kept still in operation.
10. The heat dissipation control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system records the number of effective starts for the individual fans individually controlled by the two pins on the fuel cell controller, wherein the individual fan individually controlled by one pin is used as a priority start fan when started an odd number of times, and the individual fan individually controlled by the other pin is used as a priority start fan when started an even number of times, thereby securing as close life of each fan as possible in the whole life cycle.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114447379A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-06 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling liquid temperature control method, system and controller thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114447379A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-06 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling liquid temperature control method, system and controller thereof |
| CN114447379B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-10-11 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cooling liquid temperature control method, system and controller thereof |
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