CN118211008A - Glacier debris flow material source reserve calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a glacier debris flow material source reserve calculating method, belongs to the technical field of glacier debris flows, and can solve the problems that the on-site investigation of the glacier debris flow material source is difficult and the remote sensing interpretation accuracy is low. The method comprises the following steps: s1, determining trough wall coordinates on a plurality of cross sections of the glacier trough according to remote sensing image data and digital elevation data of the glacier trough; s2, performing curve fitting on the trough wall coordinates on each cross section to determine the elevation of the valley bedrock on each cross section; and S3, determining the object source reserves in the glacier trough according to the valley bedrock elevation and the surface elevation of the glacier trough. The method is used for calculating the storage of the glacier debris flow material source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a glacier debris flow material source reserve calculating method, and belongs to the technical field of glacier debris flows.
Background
Debris flow source reserves are one of the important factors controlling the frequency and scale of debris flow. Currently, there are two methods for calculating the mud-rock flow source reserves: on-site investigation and remote sensing interpretation, wherein the investigation object is mainly a collapse body above the ground surface. For glacier mud-rock flow, the river basin is usually located in alpine mountain region, and the condition is abominable, has increased the degree of difficulty of thing source investigation, consequently has following problem: (1) field investigation difficulty: the glacier mud-rock flow basin is usually located in alpine mountain areas, and is inconvenient in traffic, large in basin gradient and severe in field conditions, so that investigation difficulty is greatly increased. The channel material sources of the glacier mud-rock flow basin are rich, if the on-site drilling investigation is not carried out, the loose material source reserves in the flow basin are easily underestimated, and the drilling investigation is often huge, so that the economic benefit is low. And (2) the remote sensing interpretation accuracy is low: the remote sensing interpretation of the collapse body often depends on an empirical formula, and parameters of the empirical formula have large regional limitation and lower calculation accuracy. And the remote sensing interpretation cannot accurately calculate the channel material source, and the channel material source storage capacity of the glacier mud-rock flow basin is large. As a result, telemetry often underestimates the source reserves in the river basin and does not yield accurate results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a glacier debris flow material source reserve calculating method, which can solve the problems of difficult field investigation and low remote sensing interpretation accuracy of the glacier debris flow material source.
The invention provides a glacier debris flow material source reserve calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, determining trough wall coordinates on a plurality of cross sections of the glacier trough according to remote sensing image data and digital elevation data of the glacier trough;
S2, performing curve fitting on the trough wall coordinates on each cross section to determine the elevation of the valley bedrock on each cross section;
And S3, determining the object source reserves in the glacier trough according to the valley bedrock elevation and the surface elevation of the glacier trough.
Optionally, the step S3 specifically includes:
determining a stack thickness at each cross section from the valley floor bedrock elevation and the glacier valley floor elevation;
the source reserves within the glacier trough are determined from the stack thickness and the valley floor elevation at the plurality of cross sections.
Optionally, the determining the source reserve in the glacier trough according to the thickness of the accumulation at a plurality of cross sections and the elevation of the bedrock at the bottom specifically includes:
Dividing the area between adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough into areas with the same stacking thickness and areas with different stacking thicknesses according to the stacking thicknesses at the plurality of cross sections, and determining the stacking volume of each area with the same stacking thickness and each area with different stacking thickness;
The source reserves in the glacier troughs are determined according to the accumulation volumes of each area with the same accumulation thickness and each area with different accumulation thickness.
Optionally, the determining the volume of the deposit in each region with the same thickness and each region with different thickness specifically includes:
Obtaining the channel surface area of each region with the same stacking thickness, and determining the stacking volume of each region with the same stacking thickness according to the channel surface area and the stacking thickness at the cross section of the region with the same stacking thickness; and acquiring the cross-sectional areas of the stacks at the cross sections at the two ends of each area with different stack thickness, and determining the volume of the stacks of each area with different stack thickness according to the two cross-sectional areas of the stacks and the channel length of the area with different stack thickness.
Optionally, the determining the volume of the stack of each region with the same stack thickness according to the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross section of the region with the same stack thickness specifically comprises:
the product of the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross section of each region of the same stack thickness is obtained and 2/3 of the product is taken as the stack volume of each region of the same stack thickness.
Optionally, the determining the volume of the stack in each region with different stack thickness according to the two stack cross-sectional areas and the channel length of the region with different stack thickness specifically includes:
Acquiring an evolution value of the product of the cross-sectional areas of the two stacks in each region with different stack thicknesses, and acquiring a sum of the evolution value and the cross-sectional areas of the two stacks;
And obtaining the product of the sum and the channel length of the region with different stacking thickness, and taking 1/3 of the product as the stacking volume of each region with different stacking thickness.
Optionally, the determining the source reserve in the glacier trough according to the accumulation volume of each area with the same accumulation thickness and each area with different accumulation thickness specifically includes:
And obtaining the sum value of the accumulation volumes of all areas with the same accumulation thickness and all areas with different accumulation thicknesses, and taking the sum value as the source reserve in the glacier trough.
Optionally, according to the thickness of the stack at the multiple cross sections, the area between the adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough is divided into an area with the same thickness and an area with different thickness, specifically:
Dividing the area between adjacent cross sections into areas of the same stack thickness when the difference in stack thickness at adjacent cross sections is less than or equal to a preset threshold; otherwise, the region between adjacent cross sections is divided into regions of different stacking thickness.
Optionally, the cross section is a cross section at a trough wall where the integrity of the trough wall in the glacier trough meets a preset condition.
Optionally, the curve fitting equation is a unitary quadratic equation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the glacier mud-rock flow material source reserve calculation method, curve fitting is carried out on the trough wall coordinates above the ground surface, so that the form of the valley bedrock under the deposit is calculated, the height of the valley bedrock and the thickness of the deposit are obtained, and the material source reserve in the glacier trough is determined according to the height of the valley bedrock and the thickness of the deposit. The calculation method solves the problems of difficult field investigation and low remote sensing interpretation precision of the glacier debris flow source, and is suitable for glaciers to act and form the drainage basin of the U-shaped valley.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the storage of a glacier debris flow source provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of glacier trough morphology evolution and fitting point position selection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of different channel shapes of glacier valleys according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of cross-sectional line selection of a peyronie ditch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a bedrock; 2. a deposit; 3. fitting points; 4. stacking areas with the same thickness; 5. areas of different stack thickness.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The design idea of the invention is as follows: the glacier trough forms obvious U-shaped bedrock valleys after being acted by glaciers, and the shape of the U-shaped bedrock valleys can be described by a quadratic function. After glacier subsides, the bedrock valleys become filled with the sediment, forming the present channel morphology. Therefore, the form of the bedrock below the deposit can be calculated from the form of the bedrock wall above the surface of the earth, thereby obtaining the thickness of the deposit.
According to the design concept, the embodiment of the invention provides a glacier debris flow source reserve calculation method, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the coordinates of trough walls on a plurality of cross sections of the glacier trough according to the remote sensing image data and the digital elevation data of the glacier trough.
The cross section is a cross section at a trough wall where the integrity of the trough wall in the glacier trough meets a preset condition. The preset condition may be a condition set by a person skilled in the art according to an actual situation, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
The integrity of the trough walls of glacier troughs has a great influence on the fitting accuracy of the form of the bedrock 1. By fitting a section of glacier trough of the josephson Mi Di valley in the united states and comparing with the actual measured depth, the error between the calculated result and the measured value of the trough wall of the complete glacier trough is not more than 6 percent, and once the disturbance such as landslide, collapse and the like exists, the error can rise rapidly. Therefore, the choice of the trough walls of the glacier trough is critical.
In the actual selection process, reference may be made to the development stage of the glacier trough simplified by Harbor (1992), and the glacier trough wall is identified on the DEM data (i.e. digital elevation data) of the glacier trough and the remote sensing image as shown in fig. 2. For a stepped rock wall, a steep mountain wall near the bottom of the valley is selected, which represents the latest glacier trough wall. And (3) taking cross sections according to the selected groove and valley sections of the bedrock 1, wherein the cross sections are perpendicular to the extending direction of the channels, and then extracting the transverse and longitudinal coordinates of the groove and valley walls on each cross section.
And S2, performing curve fitting on the trough wall coordinates on each cross section to determine the elevation of the valley bedrock on each cross section.
The equation for curve fitting may be a unitary quadratic equation.
And (3) taking the trough wall coordinates extracted in the step (S1) as fitting points (3) and performing curve fitting to obtain a fitting curve (the function expression of the fitting curve is recorded as a fitting equation), wherein the fitting curve represents the bedrock 1 morphology of the glacier trough. The valley floor bedrock elevation on each cross section can be obtained according to the fitting curve.
And S3, determining the object source reserves in the glacier trough according to the valley bedrock elevation and the surface elevation of the glacier trough.
S3 specifically comprises:
(1) The thickness of the deposit at each cross section is determined from the valley floor elevation and the surface elevation of the glacier valleys.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the deposit at each cross section is the difference between the elevation of the valley bed rock at each cross section and the elevation of the surface of the glacier trough at the corresponding area.
(2) The source reserves in the glacier channel are determined from the stack thickness and the valley floor elevation at the plurality of cross sections.
1) The region between adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough is divided into regions of equal stack thickness 4 and regions of different stack thickness 5 according to the stack thickness at the plurality of cross sections, and the stack volume of each region of equal stack thickness 4 and each region of different stack thickness 5 is determined.
Wherein, according to the thickness of the piled up object at the plurality of cross sections, the area between the adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough is divided into an area 4 with the same piled up thickness and an area 5 with different piled up thickness, specifically:
dividing the area between adjacent cross sections into areas 4 of equal stack thickness when the difference in stack thickness at adjacent cross sections is less than or equal to a preset threshold; otherwise, the region between adjacent cross sections is divided into regions 5 of different bulk thickness.
The preset threshold is a preset threshold, which can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual situations, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
Because the channel morphology is relatively complex, the channel can be classified into two categories according to the variation characteristics of the stack thickness: one is a region 4 of equal stack thickness and the next is a region 5 of different stack thickness.
Wherein the volume of the stack of each region 4 of equal stack thickness and each region 5 of different stack thickness is determined, in particular:
a. The channel surface area of each region 4 of equal stack thickness is obtained and the stack volume of each region 4 of equal stack thickness is determined from the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross-section of the region 4 of equal stack thickness.
Specifically, the product of the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross section of each region 4 of the same stack thickness is obtained, and 2/3 of the product is taken as the stack volume of each region 4 of the same stack thickness.
Referring to fig. 3, for the region 4 having the same stack thickness, the following calculation formula may be used to obtain the stack volume V 1:
；（1）
Wherein, The width (m) of the channel can be obtained according to the remote sensing image and DEM data; /(I)Is the corresponding unit length (m); h i and h 2 are both stack thickness (m); /(I)Channel surface area (m 2) for the region 4 of equal bulk thickness.
B. The cross-sectional areas of the stacks at the cross-sections at both ends of each region 5 of different stack thickness are obtained, and the volume of the stack in each region 5 of different stack thickness is determined based on the two cross-sectional areas of the stacks and the channel length of the region 5 of different stack thickness.
Firstly, obtaining the evolution value of the product of the cross-sectional areas of two stacks in each region 5 with different stack thicknesses, and obtaining the sum of the evolution value and the cross-sectional areas of the two stacks; then, the product of the sum and the channel length of the region 5 of different stack thickness is obtained, and 1/3 of the product is taken as the stack volume of each region 5 of different stack thickness.
For the areas 5 with different stacking thicknesses, the stacking volume V 2 adopts a trapezoidal mesa volume calculation formula, namely:
；（2）
Wherein, Channel length (m) for stacking the regions 5 having different thicknesses; /(I)And/>The cross-sectional areas (m 2) of the two stacks are the areas 5 with different thicknesses.
2) The source reserves in the glacier troughs are determined from the volume of the stack for each region 4 of equal stack thickness and each region 5 of different stack thickness.
The sum of the volumes of all the areas 4 of equal stack thickness and all the areas 5 of different stack thickness is obtained and taken as the source reserve in the glacier trough.
The total channel stack volume is finally summed up for both types of channels, i.e. the source reserves in the glacier valleys:
；（3）
wherein m is the number of areas formed by dividing glacier troughs by a plurality of cross sections.
In one embodiment of the invention, source reserves are calculated using peulonggou glaciers as an example.
Firstly, judging and identifying the position of the complete trough wall through the remote sensing image and the DEM, and drawing a cross section at the complete trough wall, so as to obtain the transverse and longitudinal coordinates of the trough wall.
Next, the valley floor bedrock elevation was obtained by curve fitting, and the sediment thickness at the cross section was obtained by the corresponding surface elevation (as shown in table 1).
TABLE 1 calculation results of the respective cross sections of the Perlong ditches
Finally, the calculation of the volume of the accumulation is carried out through the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3), and the accumulation of the source of the pelong ditch channel is obtained finally, wherein the accumulation of the source is 3.46 multiplied by 10 8m3.
According to the glacier mud-rock flow material source reserve calculation method provided by the invention, curve fitting is carried out on the trough wall coordinates above the ground surface to calculate the form of the valley bedrock 1 under the heap 2, so that the valley bedrock elevation and the thickness of the heap 2 are obtained, and then the material source reserve in the glacier trough is determined according to the valley bedrock elevation and the thickness of the heap 2. The calculation method solves the problems of difficult field investigation and low remote sensing interpretation precision of the glacier debris flow source, and is suitable for glaciers to act and form the drainage basin of the U-shaped valley.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A glacier debris flow source reserve calculation method, the method comprising:
S1, determining trough wall coordinates on a plurality of cross sections of the glacier trough according to remote sensing image data and digital elevation data of the glacier trough;
S2, performing curve fitting on the trough wall coordinates on each cross section to determine the elevation of the valley bedrock on each cross section;
And S3, determining the object source reserves in the glacier trough according to the valley bedrock elevation and the surface elevation of the glacier trough.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein S3 specifically comprises:
determining a stack thickness at each cross section from the valley floor bedrock elevation and the glacier valley floor elevation;
the source reserves within the glacier trough are determined from the stack thickness and the valley floor elevation at the plurality of cross sections.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said determining the source reserves in the glacier trough based on the stack thickness and the valley floor elevation at a plurality of cross sections, in particular comprises:
Dividing the area between adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough into areas with the same stacking thickness and areas with different stacking thicknesses according to the stacking thicknesses at the plurality of cross sections, and determining the stacking volume of each area with the same stacking thickness and each area with different stacking thickness;
The source reserves in the glacier troughs are determined according to the accumulation volumes of each area with the same accumulation thickness and each area with different accumulation thickness.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the volume of the stack is determined for each region of the same stack thickness and for each region of different stack thickness, in particular:
Obtaining the channel surface area of each region with the same stacking thickness, and determining the stacking volume of each region with the same stacking thickness according to the channel surface area and the stacking thickness at the cross section of the region with the same stacking thickness; and acquiring the cross-sectional areas of the stacks at the cross sections at the two ends of each area with different stack thickness, and determining the volume of the stacks of each area with different stack thickness according to the two cross-sectional areas of the stacks and the channel length of the area with different stack thickness.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the volume of the stack of each region of equal stack thickness is determined from the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross section of the region of equal stack thickness, in particular:
the product of the channel surface area and the stack thickness at the cross section of each region of the same stack thickness is obtained and 2/3 of the product is taken as the stack volume of each region of the same stack thickness.
6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the volume of the stack for each region of different stack thickness is determined from the two stack cross-sectional areas and the channel length of the region of different stack thickness, in particular:
Acquiring an evolution value of the product of the cross-sectional areas of the two stacks in each region with different stack thicknesses, and acquiring a sum of the evolution value and the cross-sectional areas of the two stacks;
And obtaining the product of the sum and the channel length of the region with different stacking thickness, and taking 1/3 of the product as the stacking volume of each region with different stacking thickness.
7. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the source reserve in the glacier trough is determined from the volume of the accumulation for each region of the same accumulation thickness and for each region of different accumulation thickness, in particular:
And obtaining the sum value of the accumulation volumes of all areas with the same accumulation thickness and all areas with different accumulation thicknesses, and taking the sum value as the source reserve in the glacier trough.
8. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the area between adjacent cross sections in the glacier trough is divided into areas of equal and different stack thickness according to the stack thickness at the plurality of cross sections, in particular:
Dividing the area between adjacent cross sections into areas of the same stack thickness when the difference in stack thickness at adjacent cross sections is less than or equal to a preset threshold; otherwise, the region between adjacent cross sections is divided into regions of different stacking thickness.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-section is a cross-section at a trough wall where the integrity of the trough wall in the glacier trough meets a predetermined condition.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the curve-fitting equation is a unitary quadratic equation.
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