CN118194433A - Automobile structure design method - Google Patents
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- CN118194433A CN118194433A CN202410332264.0A CN202410332264A CN118194433A CN 118194433 A CN118194433 A CN 118194433A CN 202410332264 A CN202410332264 A CN 202410332264A CN 118194433 A CN118194433 A CN 118194433A
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle body structure design, and discloses an automobile structure design method. Based on a first finite element model of an automobile structure, a parameterized model is built based on SFE-CONCEPT; the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure; generating a second finite element model by SFE-CONCEPT; judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value; if the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model; calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable; determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity of the white body part and the relative sensitivity of the mode; optimizing the design variables; can meet the design requirement of a high-performance lightweight structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle body structure design, in particular to an automobile structure design method.
Background
The pure electric automobile takes the vehicle-mounted power supply as power, does not need to use an internal combustion engine, gets rid of petroleum dependence, has remarkable advantages in the aspects of energy conservation, environmental protection and maintenance, can realize zero emission and low noise pollution, has high energy utilization efficiency, and is a main direction of development of the future automobile industry.
One main problem restricting the development of the pure electric vehicle is the driving mileage, and the weight of the vehicle body occupies a large part in the weight of the whole vehicle, so that the safety of the structure of the vehicle body is ensured, the quality of the whole vehicle is reduced, the light-weight design is realized, and the method is an important means for improving the driving mileage of the pure electric vehicle. In the existing vehicle body structure design process of the pure electric vehicle, after the vehicle body frame structure design is primarily completed, finite element analysis is carried out on the vehicle body structure, whether the vehicle body structure parameters meet the requirement of the overall performance of the whole vehicle is verified, and meanwhile weak links found in the analysis are improved. But only the improvement adjustments to the part can be made by the designer. The method depends on the experience of engineers, needs a large amount of experiments, has long period and high cost, and often cannot meet the design requirement of a high-performance lightweight structure due to unreasonable design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automobile structure design method aiming at the defects of the prior art, so as to solve the problem that the prior art cannot meet the design requirement of a high-performance lightweight structure.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for designing an automobile structure, including:
Based on a first finite element model of the automobile structure, establishing a parameterized model based on SFE-CONCEPT; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea;
Generating a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model;
Judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value;
if the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model;
Calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable;
determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part;
and optimizing the design variables.
Further, based on the first finite element model, establishing a parameterized model based on the SFE-CONCEPT, including:
dividing the white vehicle body into five subsystems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model;
determining a base point according to the shape and layout of the subsystem;
establishing a base line with characteristic curvature according to the curvature shape of the subsystem and combining the base points;
According to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem, a base section is established by combining the section of the finite element model, and the establishment of basic elements is completed;
completing the creation of each subsystem according to the basic elements;
And (3) completing the establishment of each subsystem and the whole body-in-white parameterized model through connection of MAP relations.
Further, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model, including:
Calculating bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the body part according to the second finite element model;
And calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the body part according to the second finite element model.
Further, determining design variables of the lightweight design based on the stiffness of the body-in-white component and the relative sensitivity of the modes, comprising:
determining the relevance rank of the design variables in the data set on the objective function and the constraint condition through experimental design;
And determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the relevance rank.
Further, optimizing the design variables includes:
Constructing an approximate model of a design variable based on an IsIght self-contained response surface method;
optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method;
And establishing a relation between the material distribution parameters of the micro lattice structure and the macroscopic equivalent properties of the material by adopting an asymptotic homogenization method based on a scale separation assumption, and decoupling the topological optimization of the three-dimensional lattice multi-scale structure into double-layer optimization of the macroscopic equivalent material distribution and the microscopic unit cell design.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an automotive structural design system comprising
The building unit is used for building a parameterized model based on the SFE-CONCEPT on the basis of the first finite element model of the automobile structure; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea;
The generation unit is used for generating a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model;
The judging unit is used for judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model under the condition that the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold value;
the second calculating unit is used for calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable;
the determining unit is used for determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity of the white body part and the relative sensitivity of the mode;
And the optimizing unit is used for optimizing the design variables.
Further, the establishing unit includes:
the dividing sub-unit is used for dividing the white automobile body into five sub-systems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model;
a determining subunit, configured to determine a base point according to a shape and a layout of the subsystem;
A first establishing subunit, configured to establish a baseline with a characteristic curvature according to a curvature shape of the subsystem and in combination with the base point;
The second subunit is used for establishing a base section according to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem and combining the section of the finite element model to complete the establishment of the base element;
a creation subunit, configured to complete creation of each subsystem according to the basic element;
and the third building subunit is used for completing the building of each subsystem and the whole white body parameterized model through the connection of the MAP relation.
Further, the first computing unit includes:
a first calculating subunit, configured to calculate bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the body part according to the second finite element model;
and the second calculating subunit is used for calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the body part according to the second finite element model.
Further, the determining unit includes:
A first determination subunit for determining, by experimental design, a relevance rank of a design variable in the dataset for the objective function and the constraint;
and the second determination subunit is used for determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the relevance rank.
Further, the optimizing unit includes:
the building subunit is used for building an approximate model of the design variable based on an IsIght self-contained response surface method;
the optimizing subunit is used for optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method;
And establishing a relation between the material distribution parameters of the micro lattice structure and the macroscopic equivalent properties of the material by adopting an asymptotic homogenization method based on a scale separation assumption, and decoupling the topological optimization of the three-dimensional lattice multi-scale structure into double-layer optimization of the macroscopic equivalent material distribution and the microscopic unit cell design.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the automobile structure design method provided by the invention, the parameterized model is built on the basis of the SFE-CONCEPT on the basis of the first finite element model of the automobile structure; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea, and a second finite element model is generated by SFE-CONCEPT; judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value; if the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model; calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable; determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part; the design variables are optimized, and the design requirements of the high-performance lightweight structure can be met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing an automobile structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an automobile structural design method S101 provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an automobile structural design method S104 provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an automobile structural design method S107 provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an automobile structural design system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing an automobile structure, including:
S101, on the basis of a first finite element model of an automobile structure, establishing a parameterized model based on SFE-CONCEPT; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea.
The three-dimensional lattice material is the biggest difference with the traditional material in that the three-dimensional lattice material has changeable microstructure and high porosity, and also has the excellent performances of light weight, high strength, explosion resistance, impact resistance, high-efficiency heat dissipation, heat insulation and the like. The invention combines the characteristics of three-dimensional lattice materials to apply the three-dimensional lattice structure to the structural design of the automobile, and has the advantages of high specific stiffness, high specific strength, strong designability and the like.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, S101 may specifically include:
S1011, dividing the white automobile body into five subsystems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model.
And S1012, determining a base point according to the shape and the layout of the subsystem.
S1013, establishing a base line with characteristic curvature according to the curvature shape of the subsystem and combining the base points.
S1014, establishing a base section according to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem and combining the section of the finite element model, and completing the establishment of the base element.
S1015, completing creation of each subsystem according to the basic elements.
S1016, completing the establishment of each subsystem and the whole body-in-white parameterized model through connection of MAP relations. Wherein, the MAP relationship may refer to a data structure for storing the association relationship to connect the respective subsystems.
S102, generating a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model.
S103, judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value.
S104, if the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, S104 may specifically include:
s1041, calculating the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the body part according to the second finite element model.
S1042, calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the body part according to the second finite element model.
S105, calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable.
The optimization speed can be greatly improved by performing sensitivity analysis on the design variables, and the magnitude of the optimization speed can reflect the influence degree of the design variables on the performance parameters. The derivative of the performance parameter for each design variable can be obviously represented through sensitivity analysis, so that the sensitivity coefficient meeting the own requirements and the most suitable design parameter are obtained. The method of relative sensitivity is applied to the screening of the design variables, and the design variables which are relatively insensitive to the performance and relatively sensitive to the quality are determined, so that the defect that the direct sensitivity only considers single performance is avoided, and the optimization design purpose is stronger.
S106, determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part.
And S107, optimizing the design variables.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, S107 may specifically include:
S10171, constructing an approximate model of the design variable based on the IsIght self-contained response surface method.
S10172, optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method.
The white car body structure is a skeleton structure and mainly comprises a beam structure, and plays a bearing and supporting role, so that the white car body structure has an important influence on the static and dynamic performances of the white car body. On the basis of overall size optimization, the shape optimization of the cross section of the beam structure can effectively improve the performance of the white car body and control the increase of the mass of the white car body. The optimization at this stage mainly improves the body-in-white performance, so the body mass is used as constraint, and the 1 st order bending mode frequency, the 1 st order torsional mode frequency, the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity are used as targets for multi-target optimization.
S10173, establishing a relation between the distribution parameters of the micro lattice structure material and the macroscopic equivalent property of the micro lattice structure material by adopting an asymptotic homogenization method based on a scale separation assumption, and decoupling the topological optimization of the three-dimensional lattice multi-scale structure into double-layer optimization of the macroscopic equivalent material distribution and the microscopic unit design.
By the mode, the calculation load of the large-scale multi-scale lattice structure optimization design can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 5, the present invention provides an automobile structural design system, comprising:
a building unit 51, configured to build a parameterized model based on SFE-CONCEPT on the basis of the first finite element model of the automobile structure; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea;
a generating unit 52, configured to generate a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model;
A judging unit 53, configured to judge whether a maximum relative error between the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold;
A first calculating unit 54, configured to calculate, according to the second finite element model, rigidity and mode of a body-in-white component when a maximum relative error between the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold;
a second calculation unit 55 for calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the body-in-white component with the material thickness of the body-in-white component as a design variable;
A determining unit 56 for determining design variables of a lightweight design based on the rigidity of the body-in-white component and the relative sensitivity of the mode;
an optimizing unit 57 for optimizing the design variables.
Specifically, the establishing unit includes:
the dividing sub-unit is used for dividing the white automobile body into five sub-systems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model;
a determining subunit, configured to determine a base point according to a shape and a layout of the subsystem;
A first establishing subunit, configured to establish a baseline with a characteristic curvature according to a curvature shape of the subsystem and in combination with the base point;
The second subunit is used for establishing a base section according to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem and combining the section of the finite element model to complete the establishment of the base element;
a creation subunit, configured to complete creation of each subsystem according to the basic element;
and the third building subunit is used for completing the building of each subsystem and the whole white body parameterized model through the connection of the MAP relation.
Specifically, the first computing unit includes:
a first calculating subunit, configured to calculate bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the body part according to the second finite element model;
and the second calculating subunit is used for calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the body part according to the second finite element model.
Specifically, the determination unit includes:
A first determination subunit for determining, by experimental design, a relevance rank of a design variable in the dataset for the objective function and the constraint;
and the second determination subunit is used for determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the relevance rank.
Specifically, the optimizing unit includes:
the building subunit is used for building an approximate model of the design variable based on an IsIght self-contained response surface method;
and the optimizing subunit is used for optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of designing an automotive structure, comprising:
Based on a first finite element model of the automobile structure, establishing a parameterized model based on SFE-CONCEPT; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea;
Generating a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model;
Judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value;
if the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold, calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model;
Calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable;
determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part;
and optimizing the design variables.
2. The method of designing an automotive structure of claim 1, wherein building a parameterized model based on SFE-CONCEPT on the basis of the first finite element model comprises:
dividing the white vehicle body into five subsystems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model;
determining a base point according to the shape and layout of the subsystem;
establishing a base line with characteristic curvature according to the curvature shape of the subsystem and combining the base points;
According to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem, a base section is established by combining the section of the finite element model, and the establishment of basic elements is completed;
completing the creation of each subsystem according to the basic elements;
And (3) completing the establishment of each subsystem and the whole body-in-white parameterized model through connection of MAP relations.
3. The method of designing an automotive structure according to claim 1, wherein calculating the stiffness and the mode of the body-in-white component from the second finite element model includes:
calculating the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity of the white body part according to the second finite element model;
and calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model.
4. The automobile structural design method of claim 1, wherein determining design variables for a lightweight design based on the stiffness and modal relative sensitivity of the body-in-white component comprises:
determining the relevance rank of the design variables in the data set on the objective function and the constraint condition through experimental design;
And determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the relevance rank.
5. The method of designing an automotive structure according to claim 1, wherein optimizing the design variables includes:
Constructing an approximate model of the design variable based on Isight self-contained response surface method;
optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method;
And establishing a relation between the material distribution parameters of the micro lattice structure and the macroscopic equivalent properties of the material by adopting an asymptotic homogenization method based on a scale separation assumption, and decoupling the topological optimization of the three-dimensional lattice multi-scale structure into double-layer optimization of the macroscopic equivalent material distribution and the microscopic unit cell design.
6. An automobile structural design system, comprising
The building unit is used for building a parameterized model based on the SFE-CONCEPT on the basis of the first finite element model of the automobile structure; wherein, the automobile structure is designed based on a three-dimensional lattice structure: the three-dimensional lattice structure is a truss lattice structure formed by beams, a three-dimensional lattice structure based on curved surfaces or a three-dimensional lattice structure based on flat plates; the first finite element model is based on a multi-scale finite element method, the whole structure is divided into a plurality of subareas, grid refinement is carried out in each subarea, and then the assembly and the solution of the whole stiffness matrix are realized by constructing a multi-scale basis function of each subarea;
The generation unit is used for generating a second finite element model through SFE-CONCEPT according to the parameterized model;
The judging unit is used for judging whether the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model exceeds a preset threshold value;
the first calculation unit is used for calculating the rigidity and the mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model under the condition that the maximum relative error of the first finite element model and the second finite element model does not exceed a preset threshold value;
the second calculating unit is used for calculating the rigidity and the modal relative sensitivity of the white body part by taking the material thickness of the white body part as a design variable;
the determining unit is used for determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the rigidity of the white body part and the relative sensitivity of the mode;
And the optimizing unit is used for optimizing the design variables.
7. The automobile structural design system of claim 6, wherein said setup unit includes:
the dividing sub-unit is used for dividing the white automobile body into five sub-systems of a side wall, a top cover, a floor, a front wall and a rear wall on the basis of the first finite element model;
a determining subunit, configured to determine a base point according to a shape and a layout of the subsystem;
A first establishing subunit, configured to establish a baseline with a characteristic curvature according to a curvature shape of the subsystem and in combination with the base point;
The second subunit is used for establishing a base section according to the geometric characteristics of the subsystem and combining the section of the finite element model to complete the establishment of the base element;
a creation subunit, configured to complete creation of each subsystem according to the basic element;
and the third building subunit is used for completing the building of each subsystem and the whole white body parameterized model through the connection of the MAP relation.
8. The automotive structural design system of claim 6, wherein the first computing unit comprises:
a first calculating subunit, configured to calculate bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the body-in-white component according to the second finite element model;
And the second calculating subunit is used for calculating the white body torsion mode and the bending mode of the white body part according to the second finite element model.
9. The automobile structural design system of claim 6, wherein said determining unit includes:
A first determination subunit for determining, by experimental design, a relevance rank of a design variable in the dataset for the objective function and the constraint;
and the second determination subunit is used for determining design variables of the lightweight design according to the relevance rank.
10. The automotive structural design system of claim 6, wherein the optimization unit comprises:
The building subunit is used for building an approximate model of the design variable based on a Isight self-contained response surface method;
the optimizing subunit is used for optimizing the approximate model by adopting a sequence quadratic programming method;
And establishing a relation between the material distribution parameters of the micro lattice structure and the macroscopic equivalent properties of the material by adopting an asymptotic homogenization method based on a scale separation assumption, and decoupling the topological optimization of the three-dimensional lattice multi-scale structure into double-layer optimization of the macroscopic equivalent material distribution and the microscopic unit cell design.
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| CN202410332264.0A CN118194433A (en) | 2024-03-22 | 2024-03-22 | Automobile structure design method |
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| CN202410332264.0A CN118194433A (en) | 2024-03-22 | 2024-03-22 | Automobile structure design method |
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