CN118173429A - Mass spectrum transmission structure, mass spectrum analysis method, system and mass spectrometer - Google Patents
Mass spectrum transmission structure, mass spectrum analysis method, system and mass spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mass spectrum transmission structure, a mass spectrum analysis method, a mass spectrum analysis system and a mass spectrometer, wherein the mass spectrum transmission structure comprises a sample inlet pipe, a sampling cone and a focusing ring, and the sample inlet pipe is provided with an emergent end; the sampling cone and the sampling tube are arranged at intervals; the focusing ring is arranged at the emergent end or around the sample inlet or between the emergent end and the sample inlet; the plasma emitted from the emergent end is focused by the focusing ring to form focused plasma, and the focused plasma is emitted into the sampling space through the sample inlet and then is emitted through the sample outlet. According to the invention, the focusing ring is arranged at the emergent end of the sample inlet pipe or is arranged outside the sample inlet or between the emergent end and the sample inlet, and the focusing ring is utilized to focus the plasma emitted from the emergent end to form focused plasma, so that the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasma is improved, the focusing ring with applied voltage can also reduce the interference of neutral particles, the signal-to-noise ratio of an instrument is improved, and the mass spectrum analysis efficiency of an analyte is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analysis and detection instruments, in particular to a mass spectrum transmission structure, a mass spectrum analysis method, a mass spectrum analysis system and a mass spectrometer.
Background
In the related art, a mass spectrometer is an instrument for separating and detecting different isotopes, that is, an instrument for separating and detecting a substance composition according to the mass difference of atoms, molecules or molecular fragments of the substance according to the principle that charged particles can deflect in an electromagnetic field, wherein an atmospheric pressure ion source mass spectrum is the most commonly used mass spectrum type, and is most typically an electrospray mass spectrum and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source mass spectrum.
However, in the design of these two mass spectra, in order to guarantee the high vacuum requirement of the mass analyzer, the multi-stage vacuum is usually designed, and the loss of ions is the greatest in the vacuum transition zone of each stage, wherein the loss is the greatest at the boundary of the primary vacuum. The reason for the large loss is: ultrasonic expansion of ions occurs between the sample tube and the sampling cone, where ultrasonic expansion refers to a decrease in the kinetic temperature of the gas, a flow velocity exceeding the local sound velocity, an increase in density in barrel shock and mach-zender, reheating of the gas, stagnation of the gas flow and subsonic velocity resulting in a decrease in the transport efficiency of the gas-borne plasma in the mass spectrometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the invention is that: the utility model provides a mass spectrum transmission structure, mass spectrum analysis method, system and mass spectrometer, aim at solving among the prior art and take place ultrasonic expansion between sampling pipe and sampling awl, lead to the technical problem that the transmission efficiency of the plasma in the mass spectrometer that is carried by gas reduces.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mass spectrometry transmission structure comprising:
The sample injection tube is provided with an emergent end;
The sampling cone is arranged at intervals with the sample injection pipe; the sampling cone is surrounded to form a sampling space, a sample inlet and a sample outlet which are communicated with the sampling space are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the sampling cone, the sample inlet is arranged corresponding to the emergent end, and the sampling space is gradually expanded from the sample inlet to the direction of the sample outlet;
the focusing ring is arranged at the emergent end, is arranged outside the sample inlet in a surrounding manner, or is arranged between the emergent end and the sample inlet;
the plasma emitted from the emergent end is focused by the focusing ring to form focused plasma, and the focused plasma is emitted into the sampling space through the sample inlet and then is emitted through the sample outlet.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, the focusing ring is disposed at the exit end, and a first gap is formed between the focusing ring and the exit end in a radial direction of the focusing ring; or alternatively
The focusing ring is arranged around the sample inlet, and a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the focusing ring and the outer wall of the sampling cone at the sample inlet in the radial direction of the focusing ring; or alternatively
The focusing ring is arranged between the emergent end and the sample inlet, a third gap is formed between the focusing ring and the emergent end in the axial direction of the focusing ring, and a fourth gap is formed between the focusing ring and the sample inlet.
Optionally, in the above mass spectrum transmission structure, the device further includes an adjusting device, where the adjusting device is configured to drive the focusing ring to move between the exit end and the sample inlet, so as to adjust a position of the focusing ring.
Optionally, in the above mass spectrum transmission structure, the number of the focusing rings is multiple, and the focusing rings are coaxially and parallelly arranged, and at least one focusing ring is arranged between the exit end and the sample inlet.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, the inner diameters of the focusing rings are the same.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, two adjacent focusing rings in the inner diameters of the plurality of focusing rings are different in size; or the inner diameter sizes of a plurality of the focusing rings are different.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring near the exit end of the plurality of focusing rings is smaller than an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring near the sample inlet.
Optionally, in the above mass spectrum transmission structure, the sample tube, the sampling cone and the focusing ring are coaxially arranged.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, an inner diameter of the focusing ring is greater than or equal to an ultrasonic expansion width of the plasma emitted from the emitting end in a radial direction of the focusing ring.
Optionally, the effective inner focusing diameter of the focusing ring is r A, the inner diameter of the focusing ring is greater than or equal to r A,A=a '+2 pi x, a' =pi/4*D 0 2; wherein A is the ultrasonic expansion area of the plasma, x is the horizontal distance between the focusing ring and the emergent end of the sample injection tube, and D 0 is the inner diameter of the sample injection tube.
Optionally, in the above mass spectrum transmission structure, the focusing ring is disposed around the periphery of the exit end, the sample inlet tube is a capillary tube with a columnar structure, the capillary tube extends along the axial direction of the focusing ring, the capillary tube is disposed around to form a first sample inlet space, the first sample inlet space is consistent with the extending direction of the capillary tube, a first incident end and an exit end which are communicated with the first sample inlet space are respectively formed at two ends of the capillary tube along the extending direction of the capillary tube, and the first incident end, the exit end and the first sample inlet space are arranged in equal diameters; .
Optionally, in the above mass spectrum transmission structure, the exit end is enclosed and locates the periphery of focus ring, the sample injection pipe is the sample injection cone, the sample injection cone is followed the axial extension of focus ring, the sample injection cone encloses and establishes and form a second sample injection space, the second sample injection space with the direction of extension of sample injection cone is unanimous, the sample injection cone be formed with respectively along its direction of extension's both ends with the second entry end of second sample injection space intercommunication with the exit end, the second sample injection space is followed the second entry end towards the direction of exit end is the divergent setting.
Optionally, in the mass spectrum transmission structure, the device further comprises a power supply unit, wherein the power supply unit is used for applying voltage to the focusing ring.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of mass spectrometry employing a mass spectrometry transmission structure as described above, the method comprising:
obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions;
adjusting an execution interval between the focusing ring and the emergent end and/or an execution voltage applied to the focusing ring according to the analysis parameters;
And enabling the target substance to be detected to pass through the focusing ring, and carrying out mass spectrometry on the target substance to be detected by using a mass spectrometer.
Alternatively, in the above mass spectrometry method,
The target substance to be detected comprises a plurality of ions in a plurality of mass-to-charge ratio ranges, and the mass-to-charge ratio ranges are different;
the step of obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions comprises the following steps:
Taking at least one of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition as the preset analysis condition; wherein the first condition is to deviate the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges from the sampling cone according to a first preset ratio, the second condition is to enter the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone according to a second preset ratio, and the third condition is to enter at least one of the ions in all of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone according to a third preset ratio as the preset analysis condition;
Obtaining a reference distance between the focusing ring and the emergent end and/or a reference voltage applied to the focusing ring according to the preset analysis condition;
And taking the reference distance and/or the reference voltage as the analysis parameters.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a mass spectrometry system comprising a memory, a processor and a mass spectrometry program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the mass spectrometry program being configured to implement the steps of a mass spectrometry method as described above.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a mass spectrometer, which comprises an electrospray ion source, a spray needle, a vacuum chamber and a mass spectrum transmission structure as described above, wherein the spray needle is installed in the electrospray ion source, the electrospray ion source is communicated with the vacuum chamber through the sample injection pipe, the emergent end, the focusing ring and the sampling cone are all arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum chamber is provided with an exhaust hole.
The one or more technical schemes provided by the invention can have the following advantages or at least realize the following technical effects:
According to the mass spectrum transmission structure, the mass spectrum analysis method, the mass spectrum analysis system and the mass spectrometer, the focusing ring is arranged at the emergent end of the sample inlet pipe or is arranged outside the sample inlet or between the emergent end and the sample inlet, the focusing ring is used for focusing the plasmas emitted from the emergent end to form focused plasmas, so that the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasmas is improved, the focusing ring with voltage can perform dominant transmission on ions in a certain mass range and/or reduce the transmission of ions in another mass range, the interference of neutral particles is reduced, the particles in the plasmas are screened, the signal-to-noise ratio of the instrument is improved, the focusing ring can adapt to the analysis operation process of various analytes, the mass spectrum analysis efficiency of the analytes is improved, and the structure of the intrinsic spectrum transmission structure is simple, is easy to form by mechanical processing, is convenient to assemble in mass spectrometers of various types, and has high compatibility.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from the drawings provided without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mass spectrum transmission structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed at an exit end;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed outside a sample inlet;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed between an exit end and a sample inlet;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sample cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the voltage versus the charged particle throughput for different positions of the focus ring according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing voltage versus charged particle broadening for a focus ring in different positions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between different m/z ions and the optimal voltage at different positions of a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a mass spectrometer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is correspondingly changed.
In the present disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected" may be either a fixed connection or a removable connection or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; the communication between the two elements can be realized, or the interaction relationship between the two elements can be realized.
In the present invention, if there is a description referring to "first", "second", etc., the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the present invention, suffixes such as "module", "assembly", "piece", "part" or "unit" used for representing elements are used only for facilitating the description of the present invention, and have no specific meaning per se. Thus, "module," "component," or "unit" may be used in combination.
The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but on the basis of the fact that those skilled in the art can realize the technical solutions, when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
The inventive concept of the present invention is further elucidated below in connection with some embodiments.
The invention provides a mass spectrum transmission structure, a mass spectrum analysis method, a mass spectrum analysis system and a mass spectrometer.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mass spectrum transmission structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a mass spectrum transmission structure includes a sample tube 100, a sampling cone 200 and a focusing ring 300, wherein the sample tube 100 has an exit end 110; the sampling cone 200 is arranged at intervals with the sample injection tube 100; the sampling cone 200 is surrounded to form a sampling space 210, two opposite sides of the sampling cone 200 are respectively provided with a sample inlet 201 and a sample outlet 202 which are communicated with the sampling space 210, the sample inlet 201 is arranged corresponding to the outlet 110, and the sampling space 210 is gradually expanded from the sample inlet 201 towards the sample outlet 202; the focusing ring 300 is arranged at the emergent end 110 or around the sample inlet 201 or between the emergent end 110 and the sample inlet 201; the plasma 400 emitted from the emission end 110 is focused by the focusing ring 300 to form a focused plasma 400, and the focused plasma 400 is emitted into the sampling space 210 through the sample inlet 201 and then is emitted through the sample outlet 202.
It should be noted that, since the jet carrying the plasma 400 will generate ultrasonic expansion, i.e. diffusion, at the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200 after the jet carrying the plasma 400 exits the exit end 110 of the sample inlet tube 100, and the area of ultrasonic expansion is larger than the diameter of the feed inlet of the sampling cone 200, most of ions will be lost due to the ultrasonic expansion of the jet, so as to ensure the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400, and prevent the plasma 400 from being lost too much due to the ultrasonic expansion before entering the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, and the number of the focusing ring 300 is at least one.
As an alternative implementation of this embodiment, after a voltage is applied to the focus ring 300, the focus ring 300 generates a ring voltage to focus the plasma 400 passing through the focus ring 300.
According to the technical scheme, the focusing ring 300 is arranged at the emergent end 110 of the sample inlet tube 100 or is arranged outside the sample inlet 201 or between the emergent end 110 and the sample inlet 201, the focusing ring 300 is utilized to focus the plasma 400 emitted from the emergent end 110 to form the focused plasma 400, so that the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasma 400 is improved, the focusing ring 300 with voltage can perform dominant transmission on ions in a certain mass range and/or reduce the transmission of ions in another mass range, the interference of neutral particles is reduced, the particles in the plasma 400 are screened, the signal-to-noise ratio of an instrument is improved, the focusing ring 300 can adapt to the analysis operation process of various analytes, the mass spectrum analysis efficiency of the analytes is improved, and the structure of an intrinsic spectrum transmission structure is simple, is easy to form by mechanical processing, is convenient to assemble in mass spectrometers of various types, and has strong compatibility.
With continued reference to fig. 1, and with reference to fig. 2,3, 4, and 5, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed at an exit end; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed outside a sample inlet;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flight path of a plasma when a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is disposed between an exit end and a sample inlet; fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a sample cone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In an embodiment, the focusing ring 300 is disposed at the exit end 110, and a first gap is formed between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 in a radial direction of the focusing ring 300; or the focusing ring 300 is arranged around the sample inlet 201, and a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the focusing ring 300 and the outer wall of the sampling cone 200 at the sample inlet 201 in the radial direction of the focusing ring 300; or the focusing ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201, a third gap is formed between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 in the axial direction of the focusing ring 300, and a fourth gap is formed between the focusing ring 300 and the sample inlet 201.
Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1,2 and 5, when the focus ring 300 is disposed at the exit end 110, a first gap is formed between the focus ring 300 and the exit end 110 in the radial direction of the focus ring 300.
It should be noted that, when the sample tube 100 is a capillary 500 with equal diameter and the focusing ring 300 is disposed outside the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400 is shown in fig. 2.
As an alternative implementation manner of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, when the sample tube 100 is an equal-diameter tube, in order to ensure the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400 emitted from the emission end 110, the focusing ring 300 can completely cover the plasma 400 emitted from the emission end 110, the focusing ring 300 is enclosed on the periphery of the emission end 110, and a first gap is formed between the inner ring of the focusing ring 300 and the outer wall of the sample tube 100 at the emission end 110, that is, the inner diameter of the focusing ring 300 is larger than the tube diameter at the emission end 110 of the sample tube 100.
As another alternative implementation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, when the sample tube 100 is a conical tube, that is, the cross-sectional dimension of the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 is greater than the cross-sectional dimension of the incident end of the sample tube 100, in order to make the assembly structure between the focusing ring 300 and the sample tube 100 more compact, the focusing ring 300 has the effect of focusing the plasma 400 emitted through the exit end 110, according to the ultrasonic expansion theory, the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 is surrounded on the periphery of the focusing ring 300, and a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 and the focusing ring 300, that is, the outer diameter of the focusing ring 300 is smaller than the tube diameter at the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the sample inlet 201, a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the focusing ring 300 and the outer wall of the sampling cone 200 at the sample inlet 201 in the radial direction of the focusing ring 300.
It should be noted that, when the sample tube 100 is a capillary 500 with equal diameter and the focusing ring 300 is disposed outside the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400 is shown in fig. 3.
It should be appreciated that, to improve the efficiency of transporting particles in the plasma 400, the focusing ring 300 may perform preferential transport for ions in a certain mass range and/or reduce the transport of ions in another mass range, so as to screen the particles in the plasma 400, the focusing ring 300 may be disposed around the periphery of the sampling cone 200 where the sample inlet 201 is formed, and the inner diameter of the focusing ring 300 is larger than the outer wall size of the sampling cone 200 where the sample inlet 201 is formed.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4, when the focusing ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201, a third gap is formed between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 in the axial direction of the focusing ring 300, and a fourth gap is formed between the focusing ring 300 and the sample inlet 201.
It should be noted that, when the sample tube 100 is a capillary 500 with equal diameter and the focusing ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201, the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400 is shown in fig. 4.
It should be appreciated that in order for focus ring 300 to be able to accommodate the analytical operating requirements of a variety of analytes, focus ring 300 may be disposed between exit end 110 and sample inlet 201 with exit end 110, focus ring 300, and sample inlet 201 being coaxially spaced apart, the inner diameter of focus ring 300 being greater than the cross-sectional dimension of exit end 110, while the inner diameter of focus ring 300 is greater than the cross-sectional dimension of sample inlet 201.
It should be noted that in the above embodiments, in fig. 2 to 4, the potential of the sampling cone 200 is 0V, the sample tube 100 is the capillary 500, and the voltages applied to the capillary 500 and the focus ring 300 are 100V.
In an embodiment, the focusing ring 300 is movably disposed between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201.
It should be noted that, the focusing ring 300 may be flexibly disposed on the axis between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201 to adapt to the target detection objects to be detected with different mass-to-charge ratios, thereby adapting to mass spectrometry processes with different requirements.
In an embodiment, the mass spectrum transmission structure further includes an adjusting device, which is used to drive the focusing ring 300 to move between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201, so as to adjust the position of the focusing ring 300.
It should be noted that the adjusting device is a device that may be used to drive the focus ring 300 to move in the prior art, such as a mechanical driving device or a magnetic driving device, such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, etc.
It should be understood that, in order to adapt to different preset analysis conditions of the target substance to be tested, after the analysis parameters are obtained through the preset analysis conditions, when the execution interval between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 needs to be adjusted according to the analysis parameters, the focusing ring 300 is driven to move between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201 by using the adjusting device, so as to adjust the focusing ring 300 to the position represented by the preset parameters, and a stable and easy-to-implement execution manner is provided for adjusting the position of the focusing ring 300 between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201.
In an embodiment, the number of the focusing rings 300 is plural, and the focusing rings 300 are coaxially and parallelly disposed, and at least one focusing ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201.
It should be understood that, in the process of the ions of the target substance to be measured entering the sampling cone 200 through the focusing ring 300, in order to improve the focusing capability of the focusing ring 300 on the ions of the target substance to be measured, the number of the focusing rings 300 is plural, and the plural focusing rings 300 are coaxially arranged and are spaced apart along the axial direction of the sampling cone 200.
In one embodiment, the inner diameter dimensions of the plurality of focus rings 300 are all the same.
It should be appreciated that in order to simplify the structure of the mass spectrometer, the assembly cost of the focusing ring 300 is reduced, and the focusing capability of the plurality of focusing rings 300 to collectively achieve the ions of the target substance to be measured is enabled, the inner diameters of the plurality of focusing rings 300 are all the same in size.
In one embodiment, adjacent two focus rings 300 of the inner diameters of the plurality of focus rings 300 are different in size; or the inner diameter dimensions of the plurality of focus rings 300 may be different.
It should be understood that when the number of the focus rings 300 is plural, the focus rings 300 are coaxially and juxtaposed, and the inner diameters of the focus rings 300 may be set to be different so as to be deflected to different angles when ions of the target substance to be detected pass through the focus rings 300 of respective sizes, thereby achieving the effect of screening various ions in the target substance to be detected so as to adapt to different preset analysis conditions of the target substance to be detected.
In an embodiment, an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring 300 near the exit end 110 of the plurality of focusing rings 300 is smaller than an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring 300 near the sample inlet 201.
It should be appreciated that, according to the ultrasonic expansion theory, in order to further enhance the focusing and/or screening effect of the ions of the target substance to be detected, which is commonly achieved by the plurality of focusing rings 300, the inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring 300 of the plurality of focusing rings 300 near the exit end 110 of the sampling tube 100 is smaller than the inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring 300 far from the exit end 110 of the sampling tube 100.
In one embodiment, the sampling tube 100, sampling cone 200 and focus ring 300 are coaxially disposed.
It should be appreciated that the coaxially disposed sampling tube 100, sampling cone 200 and focus ring 300 enhance the transport of particles in the plasma 400 in a substantially planar transport structure.
In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the focus ring 300 is greater than or equal to the ultrasonically expanded width of the plasma 400 exiting the exit end 110 in the radial direction of the focus ring 300.
It should be understood that, as described in the above embodiment, the "the jet carrying the plasma 400 will generate ultrasonic expansion, i.e. diffusion, at the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200", in order to ensure the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400, to prevent the plasma 400 from being lost too much due to ultrasonic expansion before entering the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, the inner diameter of the focusing ring 300 is greater than or equal to the ultrasonic expansion width of the plasma 400 emitted from the exit end 110 in the radial direction of the focusing ring 300, i.e. the inner ring of the focusing ring 300 can completely cover the ultrasonic expansion width of the plasma 400 in the radial direction of the focusing ring 300, so that the focusing ring 300 can completely cover the plasma 400 emitted from the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, and the focusing effect of the focusing ring 300 on the plasma 400 is improved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasma 400.
In one embodiment, the effective focus inner diameter of the focus ring 300 is r A, the inner diameter of the focus ring 300 is greater than or equal to r A,A=a '+2 pi x, a' =pi/4*D 0 2; wherein A is the ultrasonic expansion area of the plasma 400, x is the horizontal distance between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, and D 0 is the inner diameter of the sample tube 100.
It should be noted that, regarding the installation position of the focusing ring 300 and the size thereof, the installation position of the focusing ring 300 may be selected in the area between the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 and the feed inlet of the sampling cone 200; the size of the focus ring 300 is related to the expansion of the plasma 400 where the focus ring 300 is installed, so, to ensure that the focus ring 300 can achieve the focusing effect on the plasma 400 at any installation position, the inner diameter size of the focus ring 300 is greater than or equal to r A, which is calculated as: a=a' +2 pi x; a' =pi/4*D 0 2;A＝π*8rA 2; where r A is the effective focal inner diameter of the focus ring 300, a is the ultrasonic expansion area of the plasma 400, x is the horizontal distance between the focus ring 300 and the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, and D 0 is the inner diameter of the sample tube 100.
With continued reference to fig. 1.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the focusing ring 300 is enclosed on the periphery of the exit end 110, the sample tube 100 is a capillary 500 with a columnar structure, the capillary 500 extends along the axial direction of the focusing ring 300, the capillary 500 encloses to form a first sample space 510, the first sample space 510 is consistent with the extending direction of the capillary 500, two ends of the capillary 500 along the extending direction are respectively formed with a first incident end 520 and an exit end 110 which are communicated with the first sample space 510, and the first incident end 520, the exit end 110 and the first sample space 510 are arranged in equal diameters; .
The capillary 500 refers to a thin tube having an inner diameter of 1 mm or less.
It should be understood that when the sample tube 100 is the capillary tube 500, since the first sample space 510 formed by surrounding the capillary tube 500 is arranged in a constant diameter, the flow velocity of the jet carrying the plasma 400 does not generate large fluctuation during the process of emitting the jet carrying the plasma 400 from the emitting end 110 through the first sample space 510, so that the flow velocity of the jet carrying the plasma 400 is prevented from generating large loss when passing through the sample tube 100, and the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasma 400 in the mass spectrometer is ensured.
With continued reference to fig. 5.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the exit end 110 is enclosed on the periphery of the focusing ring 300, the sample tube 100 is a sample cone 600, the sample cone 600 extends along the axial direction of the focusing ring 300, the sample cone 600 encloses to form a second sample space 610, the second sample space 610 is consistent with the extending direction of the sample cone 600, two ends of the sample cone 600 along the extending direction thereof are respectively formed with a second incident end 620 and an exit end 110 which are communicated with the second sample space 610, and the second sample space 610 is gradually expanded from the second incident end 620 towards the exit end 110.
It should be noted that, when the sample tube 100 is the sample cone 600, the focusing ring 300 is mounted at the exit end 110 of the sample cone 600, and the focusing ring 300 is surrounded in the exit end 110 by the sample cone 600, so that the volume of the intrinsic spectrum transmission structure is smaller and more compact, so as to save the internal space of the mass spectrometer and improve the internal space utilization rate of the mass spectrometer.
In an embodiment, the mass spectrometry transmission structure further comprises a power supply unit for applying a voltage to the focus ring 300.
The power supply unit may be any one of a dc power supply device, an ac power supply device, and a pulse device in the related art.
It should be understood that after the focusing ring 300 is added between the sample tube 100 and the sampling cone 200, a voltage, which may be dc, ac or pulse, is applied to the focusing ring 300 through the power supply unit, so that neutral particles in the plasma 400 emitted from the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 will not receive the effect of an electric field, and charged particles will focus the plasma 400 after focusing under an electric field, and the focused plasma 400 enters the sampling cone 200 from the sample inlet 201, thereby improving the particle transmission efficiency in the plasma 400 and removing neutral particles.
It should be noted that, in the related art, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the particles in the plasma 400, the dislocation of the ions on the transmission path is mostly utilized, and in order to ensure the better dislocation transmission of the ions in the low-voltage region, the introduction of a radio frequency power supply is often required, so that the design difficulty of a mass spectrum transmission structure is greatly increased and the manufacturing difficulty of a mass spectrometer is increased; the mass spectrum transmission structure has very simple structure, and can focus particles in the plasma 400 by directly applying direct current to the focusing ring 300, thereby greatly reducing the design difficulty of the mass spectrum transmission structure and reducing the manufacturing difficulty of a mass spectrometer.
In addition, based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides a mass spectrometry method,
With continued reference to fig. 1, and with reference to fig. 6, 7 and 8, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between voltage and charged particle passing rate when focusing rings are at different positions according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a graph showing voltage versus charged particle broadening for a focus ring in different positions according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between different m/z ions and the optimal voltage at different positions of a focus ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 6, 7 and 8, a mass spectrometry method, using a mass spectrometry transmission structure as in the above embodiment, includes:
step S10, obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions;
step S20, adjusting an execution interval between the focus ring 300 and the exit end 110, and/or an execution voltage applied to the focus ring 300 according to the analysis parameter;
Step S30, enabling the target substance to be detected to pass through the focusing ring 300, and carrying out mass spectrometry on the target substance to be detected by using a mass spectrometer.
It should be noted that, fig. 6 to 8 are data of implementation using the present focusing ring 300, and in fig. 6, the line labeled 1 refers to a relationship curve between the ion passing rate and the ring voltage when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the output end 110 of the sample inlet tube 100; the line with the reference number 2 refers to the relationship curve between the ion passing rate and the ring voltage when the focusing ring 300 is arranged between the exit end 110 of the sampling tube 100 and the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200; the line labeled 3 is a plot of ion passage rate versus ring voltage when the focus ring 300 is disposed around the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200.
In fig. 7, the line labeled 1 refers to a relationship curve between the ion broadening and the ring voltage when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the outer periphery of the exit end 110 of the sample inlet tube 100; the line with the reference number 2 refers to a relationship curve between ion broadening and ring voltage when the focusing ring 300 is arranged between the exit end 110 of the sampling tube 100 and the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200; the line labeled 3 is a plot of ion broadening versus ring voltage when the focus ring 300 is positioned around the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, when the focusing ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100 and the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, and when the ion passing rate is maximum, the divergence angle of the plasma 400 is larger; when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, and when the ion passing rate is maximum, the divergence angle of the plasma 400 is more sensitive to the voltage variation; when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the periphery of the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, the plasma 400 has a higher ion passage range, and the divergence angle changes less with voltage; fig. 6 and 7 exemplarily illustrate the influence of the focusing ring 300 on the ion trajectory when the focusing ring 300 is at different positions, so that the focusing ring 300 can generate different influences on the ions in the target detection substance to be detected when the focusing ring is at different positions, thereby realizing the screening effect on the ions in the target detection substance to be detected.
Referring again to FIG. 8, since the focusing ring 300 is mounted at different positions with different transmission efficiencies for different m/z ions, in FIG. 8, the 5 lines are in the order of m/z 94.09, m/z326.25, m/z 442.34, m/z 964.71, and m/z 1022.76, from top to bottom, for the optimal voltages.
Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the ion trajectory broadening and the ring voltage, and the broadening refers to the phenomenon that the width of a peak in a mass spectrum increases or expands, and as shown in fig. 7, the focusing ring 300 is added to reduce the broadening of the plasma 400 in the target substance to be measured, optimize the broadening of the plasma in the target substance to be measured in the mass spectrometer, prevent the peak in the mass spectrum from becoming broad, and improve the resolution between adjacent peaks, thereby improving the quantitative and qualitative analysis results of the mass spectrum, and improving the sensitivity and resolution of the mass spectrometer, so as to improve the accuracy and reliability of mass spectrum analysis.
As can be seen from fig. 6 to 8, the ions with small mass to charge ratio are more sensitive to the influence of the mounting position of the focusing ring 300 than the ions with large mass to charge ratio, the variation of the value of the optimal voltage is larger than the ions with large mass to charge ratio, and then, as the mounting position of the focusing ring 300 is closer to the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, the optimal voltage is smaller, and for the ions with different mass to charge ratios, the optimal voltage required by the ions with small mass to charge ratio to the ions with large mass to charge ratio is larger, that is, the ions with small mass to charge ratio are larger in pressure resistance and require larger voltage to push, and the ions with large mass to charge ratio are weaker in deceleration effect due to the same pressure, so that the required optimal pressure is small, therefore, the focusing ring 300 is arranged at the exit end 110 or around the sample inlet 201 or between the exit end 110 and the sample inlet 201, so that the transmission efficiency of particles in the plasma 400 can be effectively improved, and the ions with a certain mass range, that are charged particles can be transmitted with advantage and/or the ions with another mass range can be transmitted, so that the ions in the screening 400 can be carried out.
With continued reference to fig. 6-8.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the target substance to be detected includes a plurality of ions in a plurality of mass-to-charge ratio ranges, and the plurality of mass-to-charge ratio ranges are different;
the step of obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions comprises the following steps:
Step S11, taking at least one of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition as the preset analysis condition; wherein the first condition is to deviate the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges from the sampling cone 200 according to a first preset ratio, the second condition is to enter the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone 200 according to a second preset ratio, and the third condition is to enter at least one of the ions in all of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone 200 according to a third preset ratio as the preset analysis condition;
Step S12, obtaining a reference distance between the focusing ring 300 and the exit end 110 and/or a reference voltage applied to the focusing ring 300 according to the preset analysis conditions;
and step S13, taking the reference distance and/or the reference voltage as the analysis parameters.
The mass spectrometer is a mass spectrometer in the prior art; the first preset proportion, the second preset proportion and the third preset proportion all represent proportions allowing ions in the target substance to be detected to enter the sampling cone 200; the plurality of ions may be of mass to charge ratio as in fig. 8: ions of m/z 94.09, m/z 326.25, m/z 442.34, m/z 964.71, m/z 1022.76; the voltages illustrated in fig. 6-8 demonstrate the effect of different of the reference voltages on ion passage rate.
It should be understood that, in order to satisfy the preset analysis condition, since the preset voltage has a correlation, such as a negative correlation, with the mass-to-charge ratio of the target substance to be detected, different reference voltages may be set to screen out ions with different mass-to-charge ratios in the plasma 400 in the target substance to be detected, so as to achieve the purpose of mass spectrometry of practical requirements.
The first condition is that the ions in one or more mass-to-charge ratio ranges deviate from the sampling cone 200 according to a first preset proportion, that is, ions with mass-to-charge ratios which are not required for the test do not enter the sampling cone 200, so that the ions interfering with the mass spectrometry test are screened out, and the method is more suitable for the situation that mass spectrometry is required for multiple ions in at least two mass-to-charge ratio ranges, so that the accuracy of the test is improved.
The second condition is that the ions in one or more mass-to-charge ratio ranges enter the sampling cone 200 according to a second preset proportion, that is, only ions with mass-to-charge ratios required by the test enter the sampling cone 200, so that the mass spectrum analysis efficiency for single-kind ions is improved, and the reliability and accuracy of the test are improved.
The third condition is that the ions in all mass-to-charge ratio ranges enter the sampling cone 200 according to a third preset ratio, that is, the ions in the target substance to be detected have a higher ion passing rate range, and the divergence angle changes less with voltage, so that the actual mass spectrometry requirement is satisfied.
By taking at least one of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition as the preset analysis condition, the method can adapt to various actual mass spectrometry analysis requirements, and provides various accurate and efficient optional implementation conditions for an actual mass spectrometry analysis process.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, when the focus ring 300 is disposed between the exit end 110 of the sampling tube 100 and the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, and when the ion passing rate is maximum, the divergence angle of the plasma 400 is large; when the focusing ring 300 is arranged around the periphery of the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200, and when the ion passing rate is maximum, the divergence angle of the plasma 400 is more sensitive to the change of voltage; when the focusing ring 300 is disposed around the outer periphery of the exit end 110 of the sample tube 100, the plasma 400 has a higher ion passage range, and the divergence angle is less changed with voltage.
In addition, based on the same conception, the invention also provides a mass spectrometry system.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a mass spectrometry system comprises a memory, a processor, and a mass spectrometry program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, by which the mass spectrometry program is configured to implement the steps of the mass spectrometry method as in the above embodiments.
The processor, such as a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a communication bus, a user interface, a network interface, and a memory. Wherein the communication bus is used to enable connection communication between these components. The user interface may include smart phones, tablet devices, personal computers (PDAs), etc. type electronic devices, and the optional user interface may also include standard wired interfaces, wireless interfaces. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a Wireless interface (e.g., a Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) interface). The Memory may be a high-speed random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) Memory or a stable Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as a disk Memory. The memory may alternatively be a storage device separate from the processor 1001 described above. The network interface is mainly used for carrying out data communication with other devices; the user interface is mainly used for data interaction with the user equipment.
Furthermore, based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a mass spectrometer.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 5, and with reference to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a mass spectrometer according to an embodiment of the invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 5 and 9, a mass spectrometer comprises an electrospray ion source 700, a spray needle 800, a vacuum chamber 900 and a mass spectrum transmission structure as in the above embodiment, wherein the spray needle 800 is installed in the electrospray ion source 700, the electrospray ion source 700 is communicated with the vacuum chamber 900 through a sample inlet pipe 100, an emitting end 110, a focusing ring 300 and a sampling cone 200 are all arranged in the vacuum chamber 900, and the vacuum chamber 900 is provided with an exhaust hole 901.
In the related art, the manner of generating the jet is as follows: the pressure difference is formed on two sides of the sample injection pipe by the action of a mechanical pump, and the gas under normal pressure is sucked into the instrument under the action of the pressure difference, so that the gas is subjected to adiabatic expansion after entering the primary vacuum, and free jet flow is formed. In the free jet, the gas density decreases monotonically, and the enthalpy of the source gas is converted to directional flow. The dynamic temperature of the gas drops and the flow velocity exceeds the local sound velocity, also known as ultrasonic expansion. The expansion is surrounded by concentric barrel shock waves and is terminated by a vertical shock wave called a mach disk. Ashkenas and Sherman have demonstrated a distance X m1 downstream of Mach-Zehnder disks, where P o is the atmospheric pressure and P 1 is the expansion zone background pressure. In barrel shock and mach discs, the density increases, the gas re-heats, the flow stagnates and becomes subsonic.
In the intrinsic spectrometer, a low vacuum region is formed in the vacuum chamber 900, and the low vacuum region is arranged between one side of the sampling cone 200 facing the sample inlet pipe 100 and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber 900; in order to provide good fluidity to the jet stream entering the vacuum chamber 900, an exhaust hole 901 is provided at the top of the vacuum chamber 900.
It should be understood that as shown in fig. 9, the analytes are electrosprayed and ionized by the spray needle 800 and the electrospray ion source 700 to form the plasma 400, and the plasma 400 is transported from the normal pressure region outside the vacuum chamber 900 to the low pressure region inside the vacuum chamber 900 by forming a jet under the action of the pressure difference at the two ends of the sample injection tube 100; the pressure at the low vacuum area is between 200Pa and 400 Pa; since particles in the plasma 400 transmitted from the sample injection tube 100 include both charged particles and neutral particles, the particles are emitted from the emission end 110 and enter the low vacuum region and undergo ultrasonic expansion, and the expansion area is larger as the distance from the emission end 110 is further within the range of the transmission distance of the particles, in order to prevent the plasma 400 from being lost at the sample injection port 201 of the sampling cone 200 due to ultrasonic expansion, a focusing ring 300 is additionally arranged between the sample injection tube 100 and the sampling cone 200, a voltage is applied to the focusing ring 300, and the voltage can be any one of direct current, alternating current or pulse, neutral particles in the plasma 400 are not affected by an electric field, and the charged particles are focused under the electric field and enter the sampling space 210 from the sample injection port 201 of the sampling cone 200, so that the transmission efficiency of the charged particles in the plasma 400 is improved, the neutral particles are removed, the analyte is filtered in the transmission process, and the detection efficiency of the analyte is improved.
As an alternative implementation of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, in the case that the pumping speed of the mechanical pump is constant, the length and the inner diameter of the sample tube 100 are related to the air pressure requirement at the low vacuum region, and the inner diameter of the focusing ring 300 is not smaller than the ultrasonic expansion width of the plasma 400 emitted from the emitting end 110 of the sample tube 100.
Specifically, the inner diameter of the sample tube 100 is 0.38mm, the inner diameter of the focus ring 300 is 6mm, the air pressure at the low vacuum area is about 200Pa, the interval between the sample tube 100 and the sampling cone 200 is 4.6mm, and the inner diameter of the sample inlet 201 of the sampling cone 200 is 2mm.
In addition, the specific structure of the mass spectrum transmission structure refers to the above embodiments, and since the mass spectrometer adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments, at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing reference numerals of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for describing the embodiments, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The above embodiments are only optional embodiments of the present invention, and not limiting the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. A mass spectrometry transmission structure comprising:
The sample injection tube is provided with an emergent end;
The sampling cone is arranged at intervals with the sample injection pipe; the sampling cone is surrounded to form a sampling space, a sample inlet and a sample outlet which are communicated with the sampling space are respectively formed on two opposite sides of the sampling cone, the sample inlet is arranged corresponding to the emergent end, and the sampling space is gradually expanded from the sample inlet to the direction of the sample outlet;
the focusing ring is arranged at the emergent end, is arranged outside the sample inlet in a surrounding manner, or is arranged between the emergent end and the sample inlet;
the plasma emitted from the emergent end is focused by the focusing ring to form focused plasma, and the focused plasma is emitted into the sampling space through the sample inlet and then is emitted through the sample outlet.
2. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of claim 1, wherein the focus ring is disposed at the exit end with a first gap formed between the focus ring and the exit end in a radial direction of the focus ring; or alternatively
The focusing ring is arranged around the sample inlet, and a second gap is formed between the inner wall of the focusing ring and the outer wall of the sampling cone at the sample inlet in the radial direction of the focusing ring; or alternatively
The focusing ring is arranged between the emergent end and the sample inlet, a third gap is formed between the focusing ring and the emergent end in the axial direction of the focusing ring, and a fourth gap is formed between the focusing ring and the sample inlet.
3. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of claim 1, further comprising an adjustment device for driving the focusing ring between the exit end and the sample inlet to adjust the position of the focusing ring.
4. The mass spectrometry structure of claim 1, wherein the number of focusing rings is a plurality, and wherein the plurality of focusing rings are coaxially and juxtaposed, and wherein at least one of the focusing rings is disposed between the exit end and the sample inlet.
5. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of claim 4, wherein the inner diameter dimensions of a plurality of the focus rings are all the same.
6. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of claim 4, wherein adjacent two of the inner diameters of the plurality of focus rings are of different sizes; or the inner diameter sizes of a plurality of the focusing rings are different.
7. The mass spectrometry delivery structure of claim 6, wherein an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring of the plurality of focusing rings proximate the exit end is smaller than an inner diameter dimension of the focusing ring proximate the sample inlet.
8. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sampling tube, the sampling cone and the focusing ring are coaxially arranged.
9. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein an inner diameter of the focusing ring is greater than or equal to an ultrasonically expanded width of the plasma exiting the exit end in a radial direction of the focusing ring.
10. The mass spectrometry structure of claim 5, wherein the focusing ring has an effective inner focusing diameter r A, an inner diameter greater than or equal to r A,A=a '+2 pi x, a' =pi/4*D 0 2; wherein A is the ultrasonic expansion area of the plasma, x is the horizontal distance between the focusing ring and the emergent end of the sample injection tube, and D 0 is the inner diameter of the sample injection tube.
11. The mass spectrum transmission structure of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the focusing ring is arranged around the periphery of the emergent end, the sample inlet tube is a capillary tube with a columnar structure, the capillary tube extends along the axial direction of the focusing ring, the capillary tube is arranged around to form a first sample inlet space, the first sample inlet space is consistent with the extending direction of the capillary tube, a first incident end and the emergent end which are communicated with the first sample inlet space are respectively formed at two ends of the capillary tube along the extending direction of the capillary tube, and the first incident end, the emergent end and the first sample inlet space are arranged in equal diameters.
12. The mass spectrum transmission structure of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the exit end is surrounded on the periphery of the focusing ring, the sample injection tube is a sample injection cone, the sample injection cone extends along the axial direction of the focusing ring, the sample injection cone surrounds to form a second sample injection space, the second sample injection space is consistent with the extending direction of the sample injection cone, two ends of the sample injection cone along the extending direction of the sample injection cone are respectively formed with a second incident end and an exit end which are communicated with the second sample injection space, and the second sample injection space is gradually expanded from the second incident end towards the exit end.
13. The mass spectrometry transmission structure of any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a power supply unit for applying a voltage to the focus ring.
14. A method of mass spectrometry employing a mass spectrometry transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the method comprising:
obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions;
adjusting an execution interval between the focusing ring and the emergent end and/or an execution voltage applied to the focusing ring according to the analysis parameters;
And enabling the target substance to be detected to pass through the focusing ring, and carrying out mass spectrometry on the target substance to be detected by using a mass spectrometer.
15. The mass spectrometry method of claim 14, wherein the target substance to be detected comprises a plurality of ions in a plurality of mass to charge ratio ranges, each of the plurality of mass to charge ratio ranges being different;
the step of obtaining analysis parameters based on preset analysis conditions comprises the following steps:
Taking at least one of the first condition, the second condition and the third condition as the preset analysis condition; wherein the first condition is to deviate the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges from the sampling cone according to a first preset ratio, the second condition is to enter the ions in one or more of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone according to a second preset ratio, and the third condition is to enter at least one of the ions in all of the mass to charge ratio ranges into the sampling cone according to a third preset ratio as the preset analysis condition;
Obtaining a reference distance between the focusing ring and the emergent end and/or a reference voltage applied to the focusing ring according to the preset analysis condition;
And taking the reference distance and/or the reference voltage as the analysis parameters.
16. A mass spectrometry system comprising a memory, a processor and a mass spectrometry program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the mass spectrometry program being configured to implement the steps of the mass spectrometry method of claims 14 to 15.
17. A mass spectrometer comprising an electrospray ion source, a spray needle, a vacuum chamber and a mass spectrometry transmission structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the spray needle is arranged in the electrospray ion source, the electrospray ion source is communicated with the vacuum chamber through a sample injection pipe, the emergent end, the focusing ring and the sampling cone are arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the vacuum chamber is provided with an exhaust hole.
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