CN1181678A - Nonlinear gray scale method and apparatus - Google Patents

Nonlinear gray scale method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1181678A
CN1181678A CN 97121519 CN97121519A CN1181678A CN 1181678 A CN1181678 A CN 1181678A CN 97121519 CN97121519 CN 97121519 CN 97121519 A CN97121519 A CN 97121519A CN 1181678 A CN1181678 A CN 1181678A
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China
Prior art keywords
pulse
clock
output
signal
luminosity
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CN 97121519
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
斯考特·丘
卡伦·E·贾奇莫威茨
乔治·R·克里
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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Motorola Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0271—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping
    • G09G2320/0276—Adjustment of the gradation levels within the range of the gradation scale, e.g. by redistribution or clipping for the purpose of adaptation to the characteristics of a display device, i.e. gamma correction

Abstract

A display driver corrects the gray scale of a display (110) and increases the brightness dynamic range of the display (110) by producing a nonlinear gray scale for driving a display pixel (202) which is representative of the nonlinear response of the human eye. A nonlinear clock (VNLCLOCK) is generated by counting to timeslot and segment data words representing the desired gray scale curve. The nonlinear clock (VNLCLOCK) increases a pulse modulation counter (402) whose output is compared in a compare circuit (404) to the image's luminance data for generating a nonlinear pulse to activate the display pixel (202).

Description

Nonlinear gray scale method and device
The present invention relates generally to display device, the gray scale that relates in particular to display device is proofreaied and correct.
Communication equipment is upgraded again and again, and strong functions makes equipment receive and handle growing data volume to provide more.For example, beep-pager is reaching a kind of graphical user interface (GUI) that requires and allows the user can control the level of complexity of beep-pager work.A kind of high-resolution emissive display for example integrated form light-emitting diode (LED) display provides the GUI that can obtain high-visibility at low-power level, and it is used to observe graph image.Numeral luminosity data provide and make the light-emitting diode display pixel illuminate the required information of expectation luminance level.
The feature of forming the LED pixel of light-emitting diode display is linear gray scale, and wherein the LED pixel illuminates with a finite sequence that equates the luminosity stride in the possible number range of luminosity data.The difference of brightness and luminosity is luminosity available physical method tolerance, the subjective sensation when brightness then is eye-observation luminosity.A problem using light-emitting diode display is the brightness calibration that can not get linearity from the luminosity calibration of linearity, because people's eyes have the response of a nonlinear logarithm to luminosity.When hanging down luminance level, a little variation of luminosity is perceived by the variation of brightness easily.But when the high radiance level, equal luminance change then produces hardly and can perceptible brightness change.The brightness stride has reduced the luminance dynamic range of display greatly in the compression of high radiance level, gives most of images with a coarse form of being washed.This inaccuracy is found out from the image source image that for example download the Internet especially easily at those, because those images in order to be exactly to show on the nonlinear cathode ray tube originally at its gray scale function, generally all are process preset.
Therefore, be necessary to proofread and correct and be used for the digital coding image on linear gray scale display device, observed, so that depict more accurate image to human eye.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of Wireless Telecom Equipment;
Fig. 2 is as the luminosity of the function of luminosity data and the curve chart of brightness;
Fig. 3 is the display device schematic diagram that is coupled to the row and column control circuit; And
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of horizontal drive circuit.
Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram such as beep-pager or cell phone one class Wireless Telecom Equipment 100.Antenna 102, RF circuit 104 and demodulator 106 are formed the receiving circuit part of Wireless Telecom Equipment 100.The RF carrier signal that antenna 102 receptions are launched (generally all being) through modulating such as the control data that is used for manipulating communication equipment 100 and the digital signal of video data one class of expression download images.The RF carrier signal is coupled to and is used for RF circuit 104 tuning and that amplify.The RF carrier signal of having amplified is received by demodulator 106, being reduced to a 4-digit number video data stream V on the four-core output bus 120 of the data input pin that is coupled to line control circuit 108 DATAThe width of output bus 120 can change with the requirement of Wireless Telecom Equipment 100, and the video data stream V that provides with serial mode is provided this bus DATASingle condctor.Video data stream V DATAInclude digital control information and four luminosity word streams that are used for display graphics image on display 110.
Display 110 is display devices, comprises a LED device array that is organized into 72 row and 120 row.Display 110 has 72 row, and they are coupled to the ROW of branch (node) 0To ROW 71And it is corresponding with the output of line control circuit 108.Display 110 has 120 row, and they are coupled to the COL of branch 0To COL 119And it is corresponding with the output of arrange control circuit 112.The LED pixel is being chosen row and is being encouraged one to be illuminated when capable.
Arrange control circuit 112 is worked in the column scan mode, in this manner, and by at the COL of branch 0To COL 119A branch on provide the row drive signal to display 110 and select row of display 110.Pass through the multiple clock arrange control circuit 112 of all column weights by array selecting signal.The LED pixel of selected row is by the corresponding output-parallel excitation of line control circuit 108.Video data stream V DATAThe luminosity word by the system clock V of general work in 1.25 megahertzes ClockAnd be loaded on each driving element of line control circuit 108.System clock V ClockBe one to produce the linear clock signal of pulse equal time at interval.Line control circuit 108 is according to the luminosity of the selected pixel of Numerical Control of luminosity word.
Fig. 2 illustrates the standardized curve figure of luminosity and brightness in the display 110, and they are the video data stream V that are loaded with the luminosity word that is used for the driving LED pixel DATAThe function of numerical value.Luminosity curve 21 illustrates the luminosity by the generation of LED pixel as the function of luminosity word.Therefore the gray scale shade (shading) of luminosity curve 21 expression LED pixels when the range of its luminosity at the luminosity word.Luminosity curve 21 illustrates luminosity and is proportional to the luminosity word linearly, makes the equal increments of luminosity number of words value produce the equal increments of the luminosity of LED pixel.
As mentioned above, human eye is that nonlinear way feels that luminosity and brightness are defined as the luminosity of being felt in the logarithm mode.Brightness curve 22 illustrates the brightness of LED pixel when presenting to the observer.In fact, luminosity curve 21 is objectively being represented radiative gray scale shade or tone, and brightness curve 22 is then represented the sensorial subjective gray scale of observer.Note brightness curve 22 " flattening " at the high level place, " gain " of expression human eye descends and impotentia picks out the luminosity increment.When the luminosity of an image is shown as function as the light-emitting data of curve 21 by linearity, many brightness values of image are lost and image appear to washed like.
Best, be that brightness rather than its luminosity of LED is linear.According to the present invention, by the gamma correction of calibration curve 23 expression be used to compensate for brightness curve 22 non-linear to produce a linear luminance function with luminosity curve 21 conllinear.Calibration curve 23 illustrates desirable a correction with the continuous function form.But, in digital system, only producing discrete luminosity numerical value, its resolution is decided with the figure place of luminosity word.In one embodiment of the invention, its luminosity word is formed by four, and the luminosity of LED pixel results from 16 possible numerical value, and they are corresponding to 16 possibility numerical value of luminosity word.The present invention realizes four nonlinear gray scale tones by a discontinuous curve of approximation that generates calibration curve 23, so that before the driving LED pixel pumping signal is carried out precorrection.
With reference to Fig. 3, schematic diagram shown in the figure by row and column control circuit 108 and 112 displays 110 that drive.The element that is endowed the same label that uses among Fig. 1 provides same function.Display 110 comprises a LED device array according to the display element work of being formed 72 row and 120 row.Each row is coupled to the ROW of branch 0To ROW 71One of on, and each row is coupled to the COL of branch 0To COL 119One of on.Each LED pixel has a unique anode and a negative electrode that is connected to row and a row, is used for illuminating the LED pixel by using row and horizontal-drive signal to drive row and go.For example, LED202 passes through at the COL of branch 0On provide a row drive signal and at the ROW of branch 1On provide a horizontal-drive signal to illuminate.
For the flicker on the display 110 being reduced to minimum, refresh a frame for per in other words 16.7 milliseconds with the speed of 60 He Zhi.Most of light-emitting diode displays work in text mode (under this mode, each LED or shutoff or be conducting to a fixing luminance level), rather than work in graphics mode (under this mode, the Dimmable of each LED pixel).Under graphics mode, video data stream V DATAComprise one from video data stream V DATAThe sequence of four luminosity words that recover is used for controlling the luminance level of each LED pixel.Under text mode, video data stream V DATAIn LED pixel of a single position control be to turn-off or cycle regular time of conducting when having selected row.Because under graphics mode than under text mode, there being more data to shift, so need more complicated circuit.Graphics mode also needs the circuit that the luminosity word is converted to variable LED pixel brightness level.
The present invention produces variable LED pixel brightness level by the comprehensive response that utilizes human eye.During 16.7 milliseconds frame refresh cycle, each of 120 row are listed as selected similar 140 microseconds, promptly 16.7 milliseconds/120.Time cycle of delegation's work by the numerical value decision of luminosity word.The LED pixel is illuminated a cycle that is listed as selected and capable work, will produce maximum luminosity like this when row work 140 microseconds.For example, if luminosity word decision at COL 0Make capable ROW when selected 170.0 microseconds of working, then LED202 is illuminated 70.0 microseconds, thereby produces the maximum luminosity of half.The luminosity that the comprehensive effectively LED202 of human eye produces also perceives and the brightness that LED202 has a reduction.
Arrange control circuit 112 comprises a column counter 342 and a column decoder 344.Column counter 342 comprises seven grades of counters, and its count value receives each array selecting signal V at input end of clock COLIncrease progressively a counting during pulse.Array selecting signal V COLCycle with one 140 microsecond.At maximum count value 119 places, column counter 342 is looped back to count value of zero.One seven output provides a binary column address, this address by column decoder 344 decoding with in order at the COL of branch 0To COL 119On keep an array selecting signal that is used to select row of display 110.Selected COL 119Afterwards, just at COL 0On keep an array selecting signal and repetitive cycling.
The line control circuit 108 that illustrates comprises storehouse 306 and non-linear clock circuit 302 of 304, one 72 line drivers of a data latch.Data latches 304 is configured to a serial and loads also 72 grades of shift registers (every grade of data capacity with four) of line output.Video data stream V DATABy system clock V ClockThe serial input terminal of clock system data latches 304 is subjected to array selecting signal V with convenient data latches 304 COLProduce 72 luminosity words at 72 four outputs during clock.These 72 four outputs are coupled to the data input pin of line driver 306.
Line driver 306 is pulse generators, and it is at the ROW of branch 0To ROW 71One of go up to produce numerical value and the non-linear clock V of its pulsewidth by the luminosity word NLCLOCKThe non-linear width-modulation pulse of decision.Nonlinear pulse has been subjected to non-linear clock V to the portion of time in one period column selection cycle of LED pixel effect to produce its gray scale tone NLCLOCKThe corrected luminosity in non-linear interval of pulse.
Non-linear clock circuit 302 is clock generators, comprises a time slot tables of data 362 and a time slot counter 364.Non-linear clock circuit 302 has a system clock V who is used to be received in the operation of 1.25 megahertzes CLOCKInput end of clock and a non-linear clock V who is used for providing a free-running operation to each line driver 306 of 72 line driver storehouses NLCLOCKOutput.At a time durations that row are selected, system clock V CLOCKProduce 174 pulses, and non-linear clock V NLCLOCKEach numerical value 1-15 to four luminosity words generates 15 clock pulse.If equalling zero, the luminosity word do not generate any pulse.From V NLCLOCK15 pulses by non-linear spaced apart to provide by the gamma correction that entry determined in the time slot tables of data 362.
Time slot tables of data 362 comprises that being used for the storage time slots data word (represents column selection clock V COLOne-period during system clock V CLOCKUmber of pulse) a plurality of memory locations.Be to be stored in the time slot data word inventory of time slot tables of data 362 the insides and non-linear clock V in an embodiment of non-linear clock circuit 302 below NLCLOCKThe augmental interval between the pulse in succession, be used to illustrate V NLCLOCKNon-linear, shown in following table 1.
Table 1V NLCLOCKV CLOCKThe sequence number increment of pulse changes 15 174 2,514 149 2,213 127 1,912 108 1,711 91 1,510 76 139 63 118 52 107 42 96 33 85 25 74 18 53 13 52 8 41 4 40 0
Obviously, other time slot data word can be used for producing clock that its pulse has different correlations so that different corrections to be provided to display.
Time slot counter 364 is one and is subjected to system clock V CLOCKThe down counter of the loaded in parallel free-running operation of clock.Time slot counter 364 receives the loading input from the load pulses of array selecting signal when having new row in elected.Array selecting signal V COLA time slot data word is loaded on the time slot counter 364.Time slot counter 364 is by system clock V CLOCKSuccessively decrease, when reaching count value of zero, at non-linear clock signal V of output generation of time slot counter 364 NLCLOCKPulse also loads next time slot data word.At system clock V CLOCKIs time slot data word count after zero to the time slot counter that successively decreases, and uses the non-linear clock V that is generated NLCLOCKPulse comes repetitive cycling.In order to have more the economy of flexibility and circuit, an alternative embodiment is V in the time slot tables of data NLCLOCKThe umber of pulse between the pulse in succession store and segment data table storage V independently NLCLOCKUniformly-spaced umber of pulse.The segment counter of a loaded in parallel free-running operation can successively decrease by the output of time slot counter.
Fig. 4 illustrates and drives the ROW of branch 0The further details of line driver 306, it comprises 402, one comparison circuits 404 of a pulse modulation counter and a R-S trigger 406.Pulse modulation counter 402 is count-up counters of a free-running operation, and it is according to non-linear clock V NLCLOCKCount by 0-15.Pulse modulation counter 402 produces a tetrad counting at four outputs, and it is coupled to the first input end of comparison circuit 404.Second input of comparison circuit 404 receives the luminosity word from data latches 304.
When the numerical value of luminosity word was zero, the output maintenance trigger 406 of comparison circuit 404 was for the zero setting state and prevent to generate nonlinear pulse.When the numerical value of luminosity word is 1-15, array selecting signal V COL Pulse modulation counter 402 is put count value of zero and trigger 406 is arranged in the ROW of branch 0On begin a nonlinear pulse.Nonlinear pulse when the binary counting of pulse modulation counter 402 reaches the numerical value of luminosity word, stop and comparison circuit 404 with trigger 406 return-to-zero.In an alternate embodiment, pulse modulation counter 402 is configured to the down counter of loaded in parallel, makes the luminosity word be loaded on the pulse modulation counter 402, and it is decremented to zero then restores trigger 406 and the termination nonlinear pulse.According to system clock V CLOCKThe width of nonlinear pulse of clock cycle corresponding to non-linear clock V NLCLOCKNonlinear pulse at interval.The unequal increment of nonlinear pulse provides and has improved the needed gray scale correction of the picture image that shows on the display 110.
So far, the shown luminosity that is used to proofread and correct linear gray scale display device should be understood, the Method and circuits of linear luminance calibration of the nonlinear response of an expression human eye can be produced.The non-linear clock signal is to produce by the counting time slot with corresponding to the segment data word of the desired calibration curve of piecewise-linear approximation.Non-linear clock increases progressively a counting, and the output of this counting and the image light-emitting data that is used for corresponding LED pixel are compared, and can produce a nonlinear pulse that is used to illuminate the LED pixel.
When illustrating and having narrated specific embodiment of the present invention, be familiar with the personnel of this technology for those, also can make various modifications and improvement.Much less, the present invention is not limited to shown particular form, and being intended that of appending claims covers all and do not break away from the modification of the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example the embodiment of narration provides the correcting circuit that is used to drive the display with 72 row and 120 row herein.The personnel that relevant technologies had general qualification can will be applicable to that circuit modification of the present invention is the circuit that is used to drive the display with different line numbers or columns, and a different calibration curve of narrating with this paper perhaps can be provided.

Claims (10)

1. display driver is characterized in that:
A clock generator (302) has one and is used to provide non-linear clock signal (V NLCLOCK) output; And
A pulse generator (306) has the input end of clock of a response non-linear clock signal and one and is used to provide the output (ROW of nonlinear pulse with the driving display pixel 0).
2. display driver according to claim 1, wherein clock generator comprises:
A time slot counter (364) is used for the time slot word of an expression gray scale grade is counted, to produce a non-linear clock signal at output.
3. display driver according to claim 2, wherein clock generator also comprises a time slot tables of data (362), is used to store the time slot word that will be loaded into time slot counter.
4. display driver according to claim 1, wherein pulse generator comprises a pulse modulation counter (402), the input end of clock and that the latter has a response non-linear clock signal is coupled to the output that pulse generator is exported.
5. display driver according to claim 4, wherein pulse generator also comprises a comparison circuit (404), this comparison circuit has one and is coupled to such an extent that be used to receive the first input end of luminosity signal, second input that is coupled to the pulse modulation counter output, and one be coupled to such an extent that be used for the output of driving display pixel.
6. display driver according to claim 5, wherein pulse generator also comprises a trigger (406), this trigger has a responsing excitation signal (V COL) first input end, second input that is coupled to the comparison circuit output, and an output that is used to provide nonlinear pulse.
7. a method that is used for producing desired luminance level on display is characterized in that a step with pulse-width signal driving display pixel.
8. method according to claim 7, its feature also is step:
Generate a non-linear clock signal (V NLCLOCK); And
Use the non-linear clock signal that the luminosity word is counted, to produce pulse-width signal.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein counting step comprises a count signal is compared with the luminosity word.
10. a Wireless Telecom Equipment (100) is characterized in that:
A radio frequency (RF) circuit (104,106) has an input, is used for receiving with vision signal (V DATA) modulated RF signal, wherein the RF circuit comprises a demodulator (106), is used for recovering vision signal (V at output DATA);
Display apparatus (110) with displayer pixel; With
A display driver, it comprises:
(a) clock generator (302) has one and is used to provide a non-linear clock signal (V NLCLOCK) output; And
(b) pulse generator (306) has a response non-linear clock signal (V NLCLOCK) input end of clock, the data input pin of a response vision signal, and be used to the driving display pixel and the output (ROW of nonlinear pulse is provided 0).
CN 97121519 1996-10-24 1997-10-23 Nonlinear gray scale method and apparatus Pending CN1181678A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US74005396A 1996-10-24 1996-10-24
US740053 1996-10-24

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CN106486071A (en) * 2016-12-23 2017-03-08 福州大学 A kind of electric moistening display non-linear voltage amplitude gray modulation method and its device
WO2023216350A1 (en) * 2022-05-12 2023-11-16 福州大学 Method for high gray level electrowetting display device based on cooperation of voltage modulation and time modulation

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JP3073486B2 (en) * 1998-02-16 2000-08-07 キヤノン株式会社 Image forming apparatus, electron beam apparatus, modulation circuit, and driving method of image forming apparatus
FR2821694B1 (en) * 2001-03-01 2003-06-27 Boris Givone METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROVIDING A PARABOLIC LIGHT ENERGY CURVE FOR ELECTROLUMINESCENT LIGHT SOURCES DISPLAYING IMAGES ON GIANT SCREENS
CN107735832B (en) 2015-06-05 2021-10-22 苹果公司 Light emission control device and method for display panel
WO2016200635A1 (en) 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 Sxaymiq Technologies Llc Display panel redundancy schemes
US10283037B1 (en) 2015-09-25 2019-05-07 Apple Inc. Digital architecture with merged non-linear emission clock signals for a display panel

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CN106486071A (en) * 2016-12-23 2017-03-08 福州大学 A kind of electric moistening display non-linear voltage amplitude gray modulation method and its device
CN106486071B (en) * 2016-12-23 2018-11-27 福州大学 A kind of electric moistening display non-linear voltage amplitude gray modulation method and device thereof
WO2023216350A1 (en) * 2022-05-12 2023-11-16 福州大学 Method for high gray level electrowetting display device based on cooperation of voltage modulation and time modulation

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KR19980033274A (en) 1998-07-25
JPH10133615A (en) 1998-05-22

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