CN118166267A - Steel for high-power wind power flange and heat treatment method and production method thereof - Google Patents
Steel for high-power wind power flange and heat treatment method and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses steel for a high-power wind power flange, a heat treatment method and a production method thereof, wherein ：C 0.05％～0.10％、Si 0.20％～0.40％、Mn 1.70％～2.00％、Cr 0.30％～0.60％、Mo 0.10％～0.30％、Ni 0.40％～0.60％、V 0.10％～0.20％、Nb 0.015％～0.035％、Cu 0.030％～0.050％、Al 0.015％～0.025％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、N 0.0060％～0.0090％、O≤0.0040％, weight percent of the steel for the high-power wind power flange has better low-temperature toughness, excellent rotational bending fatigue strength and excellent corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel, and particularly relates to steel for a high-power wind power flange, a heat treatment method and a production method thereof.
Background
The offshore wind power has the characteristics of cleanness and high efficiency, and is a development trend of wind power in the future. The installed capacity and the installed power of wind power in China are increased year by year, the land wind power installation gradually tends to be saturated, and the offshore wind power enters a rapid growth period. Offshore wind power is developed to high power and deep sea, and the performance requirement on key wind power supporting components is improved. The wind power flange is an important supporting piece and a connecting piece of the wind power tower, and the performance of the flange is related to the safety of wind power.
With the increase of the offshore wind power and the deep water, the diameter and the height of a wind power tower are increased, and in order to reduce the weight of the wind power tower, the strength of steel for the tower is improved, and the grade is currently commonly used as grade S355 NL. The strength level of steel used for the wind power tower in the future is improved to Q390 and Q420, and the flange is used as an important component of the tower, so that the strength level is correspondingly improved. At present, in order to solve the problem of offshore wind power support in China, the thickness of the wall of a tower is increased to increase the support strength. The research on steel for the high-strength wind power flange is relatively less, and the requirement for developing the high-strength offshore wind power flange is increasingly urgent in order to reduce the weight of the tower.
Compared with the common wind power flange, the high-power wind power flange has the advantages that the diameter and the wall thickness of the flange are increased, the wall thickness breaks through 240mm, the outer diameter is more than 6 meters, and the strength of the flange is improved from the traditional S355NL level to the Q420/Q500 level.
The patent CN 111893394a refers to a manufacturing process of a flange of an offshore wind power foundation pile, and emphasizes the processes of forging, ring rolling and heat treatment of the flange, and the strength grade of flange steel is 355 grade. The improvement of the strength of the steel is not explicitly described, the improvement of the low temperature toughness is not explicitly described, and the product toughness is not mentioned in the examples.
Patent CN 111286668A indicates a low-cost high-low-temperature toughness rare earth wind power flange steel and a production process thereof, and the patent shows that the stated patent focuses on adopting rare earth treatment to improve the low-temperature toughness of the steel at minus 60 ℃, and the strength grade of the steel is Q345 grade. The strength level of this patent is still insufficient.
The patent CN 110773692A indicates a forging method of a low-temperature high-strength offshore wind power flange, the carbon content of the flange steel listed in the patent is up to 3.7 percent, the carbon content of the flange steel exceeds that of common steel, and the system is a cast iron system and has low-temperature toughness. And the patent does not enumerate examples, no final product performance data exists, and the strength grade and toughness of the product are unknown.
Patent CN 1115058645A indicates a continuous casting round billet for a wind power large-wall-thickness low-cost low-Wen Datong flange and a manufacturing method thereof. The yield strength of the steel designed by the patent is 285MPa, the maximum impact energy at 50 ℃ below zero is 168J, and the strength and the toughness can not meet the requirements of offshore wind power flanges. In addition, the large wall thickness of the patent title, the wall thickness magnitude is not present in the patent.
Patent CN 113913690a indicates a steel for a wind power flange at sea and a preparation method thereof, and the patent proposes a method for manufacturing the steel for the wind power flange with the yield strength of 460MPa level, but the low-temperature toughness of the steel is insufficient, and the offshore fatigue performance of the flange is not involved.
The patent CN 114921720A indicates a steel ingot for a flange of a high-power offshore wind turbine with the power of more than six megawatts and a production method thereof, and the strength of the flange designed by the patent is Q355 level, and the toughness at low temperature is insufficient. The raw materials are steel ingots, the utilization rate of the materials is not high, and the cost is high.
Patent CN 112342459a indicates a low Wen Fengdian resistant steel for flanges and a rolling method thereof, and the strength of the flange designed by the patent is Q355 level, and the toughness at low temperature is not enough.
Therefore, according to the requirements of the offshore wind power flange, the steel for the high-power flange which is low-temperature resistant, high-strength, high-fatigue resistant and corrosion resistant is developed, and the heat treatment process of the flange is designed in a targeted manner, so that the safety problem of large-scale and deep-sea offshore unit equipment is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides high-power steel for the wind power flange, a heat treatment method and a production method thereof, and the steel has better low-temperature toughness, excellent rotational bending fatigue strength and excellent corrosion resistance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-power steel for wind power flanges contains ：C 0.05％～0.10％、Si 0.20％～0.40％、Mn 1.70％～2.00％、Cr 0.30％～0.60％、Mo 0.10％～0.30％、Ni 0.40％～0.60％、V 0.10％～0.20％、Nb 0.015％～0.035％、Cu 0.030％～0.050％、Al0.015％～0.025％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、N 0.0060％～0.0090％、O≤0.0040％, parts by weight of Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The components of the steel for the high-power wind power flange meet the following conditions:
A＝(4.5×％C)×(1+3.4×％Mn)×(1+0.7×％Si)×(1.2+2.6×％Cu)×(1+2.7×％Ni)×(1+3.
1×％Cr)×(1+2.3×％Mo)×(1+1.6×％V+4.6×％N+1.7×％Nb)；35.0≤A≤55.0。
The components of the steel for the high-power wind power flange meet the following conditions: y=2.5× cr+3.8× mo+16.5× ni+2.5× cu+1.2× v+1.4× Nb-1× C-4× Mn > 3.0.
The metallographic structure of the steel for the high-power wind power flange is tempered sorbite.
The wall thickness of the high-power wind power flange is more than or equal to 240mm.
The tensile strength of the high-power wind power flange steel at the 1/2 wall thickness is more than or equal to 610MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 470MPa, the KV 2 at-50 ℃ is more than or equal to 180J, and the rotational bending fatigue strength is more than or equal to 310MPa; the room temperature corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.10mm/a.
The invention also provides a heat treatment method of the steel for the high-power wind power flange, which comprises the steps of quenching and tempering.
The quenching conditions are as follows: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 1 =800-900 ℃, preserving heat for T 1 min, and then cooling with water, wherein S-T 1/10≤t1≤S-T1/50, S is the wall thickness of the flange, and the unit is mm. The furnace charging temperature of the flange semi-finished product is less than or equal to 400 ℃.
The tempering conditions are as follows: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 2 =600-700 ℃, preserving heat for T 2 min, and then cooling with water, wherein 1.5×S-T 2/10≤t2≤1.5×S-T2/50, S is the flange wall thickness, and the unit is mm.
The invention also provides a production method of the steel for the high-power wind power flange, which comprises the following steps: smelting in an electric arc furnace or a converter, refining in an LF furnace, RH or VD vacuum degassing, round billet continuous casting, round billet slow cooling, round billet blanking, round billet heating, upsetting, punching, ring rolling, heat treatment, machining, flaw detection, grinding, packaging and warehousing; the heat treatment is carried out by adopting the heat treatment method.
In the steel for the high-power wind power flange, the actions and the control of each component are as follows:
C: c is the least expensive strengthening element in the steel, and each 0.01% of solid solution C can improve the strength by about 45MPa, and the C and the alloy element in the steel form a precipitated phase to play a role in precipitation strengthening. And C can obviously improve the hardenability, so that the center of the steel pipe with large wall thickness can obtain a martensitic structure. However, as the content increases, the plasticity and toughness decrease, so the C content is controlled to be 0.05-0.10%.
Si: si is an effective solid solution strengthening element in steel, improves the strength and the hardness of the steel, can play a deoxidizing role in steelmaking, and is a common deoxidizer. However, si tends to be biased to have austenite grain boundaries, so that the bonding force of the grain boundaries is reduced, and brittleness is induced. In addition, si tends to cause element segregation in steel. Therefore, the Si content is controlled to be 0.20% to 0.40%.
Mn: mn can play a solid solution strengthening role, the solid solution strengthening capability is weaker than that of Si, mn is an austenite stabilizing element, the hardenability of steel can be obviously improved, decarburization of steel can be reduced, and the combination of Mn and S can prevent hot shortness caused by S. However, excessive Mn reduces the plasticity of the steel. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled to be 1.70-2.00%.
Cr: cr is a carbide forming element, and Cr can improve both hardenability and strength of steel, but is liable to cause temper embrittlement. Cr can improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of steel, but when the Cr content is too high, crack sensitivity is increased. The Cr content should be controlled to be 0.30% -0.60%.
Mo: mo mainly improves the hardenability of steel, and Mo solid-dissolved in a matrix can keep higher stability of a steel structure in the tempering process, and can effectively reduce the segregation of P, S, as and other impurity elements at a grain boundary, so that the toughness of the steel is improved, and the tempering brittleness is reduced. Mo decreases the stability of M 7C3, and needle-like Mo 2 C is formed when the Mo content is higher, resulting in a decrease in the Mo content of the matrix. Mo can improve the strength of steel by the combined action of solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and can also change the toughness of steel by changing the precipitation of carbide. So that the Mo content is controlled to be 0.10-0.30%.
Ni: ni can form infinite mutual-soluble solid solution with Fe, is an austenite stabilizing element, has the effect of expanding a phase area, increases the stability of supercooled austenite, makes a C curve move right, and improves the hardenability of steel. Ni can refine the width of the martensite lath and improve the strength. Ni is used for obviously reducing the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steel and improving the low-temperature toughness. The Ni element is a noble metal element, and excessive addition results in excessive cost. The Ni content is controlled to be 0.40% -0.60%.
V: v is a strong C, N compound forming element, and V (C, N) is finely dispersed and maintains a coherent relation with the matrix, so that the effects of strengthening and refining tissues can be achieved. The V content is controlled to be 0.10-0.20%.
Nb: nb is a strong C, N compound forming element, nb (C, N) is finely dispersed and maintains a coherent relation with the matrix, so that the matrix can play a role in strengthening and refining tissues, and the strengthening of the matrix can increase the fatigue crack initiation and propagation resistance, thereby improving the fatigue strength. The Nb content is controlled to be 0.015-0.035%.
Cu: cu expands an austenite phase region, and a simple substance Cu can be used as a second phase to obviously improve strength, and can improve the tempering stability and strength of a structure. However, too high Cu will result in Cu embrittlement. Therefore, the Cu content is controlled to be 0.030-0.050%.
Al: al is a main deoxidizer for steelmaking, al and N are combined to form tiny dispersion-distributed AlN, and the tiny dispersion-distributed AlN and a matrix are kept in a coherent relation, so that the effects of strengthening and refining tissues can be achieved, fatigue crack initiation and expansion resistance can be increased, and the durability of the steel is improved. The Al content is controlled to be 0.015-0.025%.
O and N: T.O forms oxide inclusion in steel, and the T.O is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0040 percent; n can form fine precipitated phase refined structure with nitride forming elements in steel, fe 4 N can be precipitated, the diffusion speed is low, the timeliness of the steel is caused, and the processing performance is reduced, so that the N is controlled to be 0.0050% -0.0090%.
The strength of the steel can be improved by adding beneficial alloy elements, the toughness of the steel can be improved by effectively proportioning the elements, and effective crack resistance can be formed. Under the composition system, mn in alloy elements is most effective in improving hardenability and strength so that the coefficient is 3.4; the Mo contributes greatly to hardenability and strength by improving tempering stability and interaction with Mn, and the coefficient is 2.3; cr is a main substitution solid solution element and a carbide forming element, and has a contribution coefficient to strength of 3.1; ni and Cu do not form carbide in steel, and the hardenability and strength of the steel are improved by changing the crystal lattice morphology through solid solution strengthening, and the coefficients are 2.7 and 2.6 respectively; c is a nonmetallic element, is the most main interstitial solid solution strengthening element in steel, has influence on strength and toughness, and has a coefficient of 4.5; si is a nonmetallic element and is also a main solid solution strengthening element in steel, and the contribution to the performance of the steel is 0.7; v, N, nb is that the microalloying elements increase the strength of the steel by interacting and forming a second phase, and N can increase the strength of the steel by changing the lattice of C, so the coefficients are 1.6, 4.6 and 1.7, respectively. Because the strength, plasticity and toughness of the steel have inverse proportion relation, and the plasticity and toughness are reduced when the strength is high, the strength cannot be improved at the same time in order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the steel. The strengthening factor in the steel is expressed by A, so that A is more than or equal to 35.0 and less than or equal to 55.0,
A＝(4.5×％C)×(1+3.4×％Mn)×(1+0.7×％Si)×(1.2+2.6×％Cu)×(1+2.7×％Ni)×(1+3.1×％Cr)×(1+2.3×％Mo)×(1+1.6×％V+4.6×％N+1.7×％Nb).
The flange needs better fatigue resistance in the service process, so that the proportion of C, mn, cr, mo, ni, mo, cu, V, nb is limited. As C, mn can obviously improve the strength of steel, but the elements are easy to deviate to cause uneven structure, the entropy of the material is increased, and the local weakness of the material matrix is caused, so that hydrogen induced cracking is aggravated. Cr, mo, V, nb are capable of forming a second phase with C, N in the steel, which second phase is capable of forming a fixed source of hydrogen in the steel, thereby providing hydrogen induced cracking resistance, and thus being beneficial against hydrogen induced cracking. Ni can improve the stacking fault energy of steel, improve the dislocation density of steel and reduce the dislocation slip rate, thereby improving the hydrogen induced cracking resistance. Cu can be well combined with steel at nano scale to form a semi-coherent relation, so that the effect of fixing hydrogen is achieved, and hydrogen induced cracking can be prevented. The hydrogen-induced cracking resistance factor in the steel is expressed by Y, and then Y is more than or equal to 3.0,
Y＝2.5×％Cr+3.8×％Mo+16.5×％Ni+2.5×％Cu+1.2×％V+1.4×％Nb-1×％C-4×％Mn。
According to the heat treatment method of the high-power wind power flange steel, provided by the invention, the heat preservation time of quenching and tempering is determined by the wall thickness and the heating temperature of the flange, and 100% tempered sorbite tissues can be obtained after heat treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. According to the invention, each chemical component affecting the strength of steel is limited in the formula A, the A is controlled to be more than or equal to 35.0 and less than or equal to 55.0, the toughness of the steel can be improved through the effective proportion of each chemical component, and the fracture performance of the steel can be improved through the formation of effective toughness precipitated phases.
2. In order to ensure that the flange has better fatigue resistance in the service process, the invention limits C, mn, cr, mo, ni, cu, V, nb components in the formula Y, and the Y is controlled to be more than or equal to 3.0.
3. The tensile strength of the steel for the high-power wind power flange at the 1/2 wall thickness is more than or equal to 610MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 470MPa, the KV 2 at-50 ℃ is more than or equal to 180J, and the rotational bending fatigue strength is more than or equal to 310MPa; the room temperature corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.10mm/a, has excellent toughness and fatigue performance, and is suitable for manufacturing high-power wind power flanges.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing hydrogen induced crack growth resistance of the steel for a wind power flange in example 2;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the hydrogen induced crack growth resistance of the steel for wind power flanges in comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides steel for a high-power wind power flange, which comprises ：C 0.05％～0.10％、Si 0.20％～0.40％、Mn 1.70％～2.00％、Cr 0.30％～0.60％、Mo 0.10％～0.30％、Ni 0.40％～0.60％、V 0.10％～0.20％、Nb 0.015％～0.035％、Cu 0.030％～0.050％、Al 0.015％～0.025％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、N 0.0060％～0.0090％、O≤0.0040％, weight percent of Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The components of the steel for the high-power wind power flange meet the following conditions:
A＝(4.5×％C)×(1+3.4×％Mn)×(1+0.7×％Si)×(1.2+2.6×％Cu)×(1+2.7×％Ni)×(1+3.
1×％Cr)×(1+2.3×％Mo)×(1+1.6×％V+4.6×％N+1.7×％Nb)；35.0≤A≤55.0。
The components of the steel for the high-power wind power flange meet the following conditions: y=2.5× cr+3.8× mo+16.5× ni+2.5× cu+1.2× v+1.4× Nb-1× C-4× Mn > 3.0.
The heat treatment method of the steel for the high-power wind power flange comprises the steps of quenching and tempering.
The quenching conditions are as follows: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 1 =800-900 ℃, preserving heat for T 1 min, and then cooling with water, wherein S-T 1/10≤t1≤S-T1/50, S is the wall thickness of the flange, and the unit is mm.
The tempering conditions are as follows: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 2 =600-700 ℃, preserving heat for T 2 min, and then cooling with water, wherein 1.5×S-T 2/10≤t2≤1.5×S-T2/50, S is the flange wall thickness, and the unit is mm.
The production method of the steel for the high-power wind power flange comprises the following steps of: smelting in an electric arc furnace or a converter, refining in an LF furnace, RH or VD vacuum degassing, round billet continuous casting, round billet slow cooling, round billet blanking, round billet heating, upsetting, punching, ring rolling, heat treatment, machining, flaw detection, grinding, packaging and warehousing; the heat treatment is carried out by adopting the heat treatment method.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The compositions and weight percentages of the wind power flange steels in each of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The production process of the steel for the wind power flange comprises the following steps:
Smelting in an electric furnace: oxygen is fixed before tapping, and steel retaining operation is adopted in the tapping process, so that slag discharging is avoided;
LF furnace: C. si, mn, cr, ni, mo, V, nb, cu and other elements are adjusted to target values;
Vacuum degassing: the pure degassing time is more than or equal to 15 minutes, the H content after vacuum treatment is less than or equal to 1.5ppm, and the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement caused by white spots in steel is avoided;
continuous casting: the target temperature of the ladle molten steel is controlled to be 10-40 ℃ above the liquidus temperature, and round billets with the diameter of more than or equal to 700mm are continuously cast.
The manufacturing route of the flange comprises the following steps: smelting in arc furnace or converter, refining in LF furnace, vacuum degassing in RH or VD, and continuous casting of round billetSlowly cooling the round billet, blanking the round billet, heating the round billet, upsetting, punching, ring rolling, heat treatment, machining, flaw detection, grinding, packaging and warehousing.
The heat treatment method of the steel for wind power flanges in each example and comparative example is shown in table 2.
Table 2 list of process conditions for the examples and comparative examples of the present invention
The wind power flange steel produced in each example and comparative example is subjected to performance detection according to the following method:
Tissue: sampling on 1/2 thickness of the flange for metallographic phase, grain size and hardness difference analysis.
Performance: samples were sampled at 1/2 thickness of the flange for tensile, impact, fatigue and corrosion testing, and tensile, impact performance tests were performed with reference to GB/T228 and GB/T229, respectively.
The hydrogen induced cracking test was carried out according to GB/T8650 using the standard solution A.
The mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
From the above, the chemical composition and production method of the steel in examples 1-3 are properly controlled, the chemical composition ensures that A is not less than 35.0 and not more than 55.0, and Y is not less than 3.0, and the produced steel has good strength, plasticity, toughness and hydrogen induced cracking resistance. While the contents of the chemical components in comparative examples 1 to 3 were controlled in accordance with the required range of the present invention, 35.0.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.55.0 was not ensured, Y.ltoreq.3.0, and the heat treatment process of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 was not reasonably controlled, resulting in excessively low strength, insufficient toughness, and unsatisfactory overall properties of the produced steels.
The foregoing detailed description of a high power wind power flange steel and heat treatment method and production method thereof with reference to the embodiments is illustrative and not restrictive, and several embodiments may be listed in the defined scope, thus variations and modifications may be made without departing from the general inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. A high-power wind power flange steel is characterized by comprising ：C 0.05％～0.10％、Si 0.20％～0.40％、Mn 1.70％～2.00％、Cr 0.30％～0.60％、Mo 0.10％～0.30％、Ni 0.40％～0.60％、V 0.10％～0.20％、Nb 0.015％～0.035％、Cu 0.030％～0.050％、Al 0.015％～0.025％、P≤0.015％、S≤0.010％、N 0.0050％～0.0090％、O≤0.0040％, weight percent of Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
2. The high-power wind-power flange steel according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the high-power wind-power flange steel satisfies:
A＝(4.5×％C)×(1+3.4×％Mn)×(1+0.7×％Si)×(1.2+2.6×％Cu)×(1+2.7×％Ni)×(1+3.
1×％Cr)×(1+2.3×％Mo)×(1+1.6×％V+4.6×％N+1.7×％Nb)；35.0≤A≤55.0。
3. The high-power wind-power flange steel according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the high-power wind-power flange steel satisfies: y=2.5× cr+3.8× mo+16.5× ni+2.5× cu+1.2× v+1.4× Nb-1× C-4× Mn > 3.0.
4. The high power wind power flange steel according to claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the high power wind power flange steel is tempered sorbite.
5. The steel for high-power wind power flanges according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the high-power wind power flange is not less than 240mm.
6. The steel for high-power wind power flanges according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensile strength at 1/2 wall thickness of the steel for high-power wind power flanges is not less than 610MPa, the yield strength is not less than 470MPa, -50 ℃ KV 2 is not less than 180J, and the rotational bending fatigue strength is not less than 310MPa; the room temperature corrosion rate is less than or equal to 0.10mm/a.
7. A method for heat treatment of steel for high power wind power flanges as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said heat treatment method comprises the steps of quenching and tempering.
8. The heat treatment method of high-power wind power flange steel according to claim 7, wherein the quenching conditions are: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 1 =800-900 ℃, preserving heat for T 1 min, and then cooling with water, wherein S-T 1/10≤t1≤S-T1/50, S is the wall thickness of the flange, and the unit is mm.
9. The heat treatment method of high-power wind power flange steel according to claim 7, wherein the tempering condition is: heating the flange semi-finished product to the temperature of T 2 =600-700 ℃, preserving heat for T 2 min, and then cooling with water, wherein 1.5×S-T 2/10≤t2≤1.5×S-T2/50, S is the flange wall thickness, and the unit is mm.
10. A method for producing a steel for a high power wind power flange according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: smelting in an electric arc furnace or a converter, refining in an LF furnace, RH or VD vacuum degassing, round billet continuous casting, round billet slow cooling, round billet blanking, round billet heating, upsetting, punching, ring rolling, heat treatment, machining, flaw detection, grinding, packaging and warehousing; the heat treatment is carried out by the heat treatment method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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