CN118159879A

CN118159879A - Antiglare film, and polarizing plate, surface plate, image display panel and image display device using the antiglare film

Info

Publication number: CN118159879A
Application number: CN202280071594.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 葛原满广; 岩田行光; 辻本淳; 古井玄; 仓重牧夫; 石田一敏; 西尾俊平
Original assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-28
Filing date: 2022-10-27
Publication date: 2024-06-07

Abstract

Provided is an antiglare film which has excellent antiglare properties and can suppress glare. An antiglare film comprising an antiglare layer, wherein the antiglare film has an uneven surface, the 60-degree specular gloss measured from the uneven surface side is 30.0 or less, and the coefficient of variation in luminance is 0.0400 or less. The antiglare film preferably has a 20-degree specular gloss of 6.0 or less as measured from the concave-convex surface side.

Description

Antiglare film, and polarizing plate, surface plate, image display panel and image display device using the antiglare film

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an antiglare film, and a polarizing plate, a surface plate, an image display panel, and an image display device using the antiglare film.

Background

In order to impart antiglare properties, an antiglare film may be provided on the surface of an image display device such as a monitor of a television, a notebook computer, or a desktop computer. The antiglare property is a property of suppressing reflection of a background such as illumination and a person.

The antiglare film is composed of a basic structure having an antiglare layer with a concave-convex surface on a transparent substrate. The antiglare film has a problem of occurrence of glare due to the uneven shape of the surface. The glare is a phenomenon in which the image light sees fine brightness deviation.

Accordingly, an antiglare film that combines antiglare properties with glare suppression has been proposed (for example, patent documents 1 to 3).

Prior art literature

Patent literature

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2015-172641

Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2015-172832

Patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open No. 2015-172834

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, conventional antiglare films such as those disclosed in patent documents 1 to 3 are provided with antiglare properties such as to blur the outline of the background of a person or the like, and it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the reflection of the background.

On the other hand, by increasing the degree of roughness of the surface irregularities of the antiglare layer, reflection of the background can be sufficiently suppressed, and antiglare properties can be improved. However, if the roughness of the surface irregularities is increased, the problem of glare is deteriorated.

The invention aims to provide an antiglare film which has excellent antiglare property and can inhibit glare.

Means for solving the problems

The present invention provides an antiglare film, and a polarizing plate, a surface plate, an image display panel, and a display device using the antiglare film described in the following [1] to [5 ].

[1] An antiglare film comprising an antiglare layer, wherein the antiglare film has an uneven surface, the 60-degree specular gloss measured from the uneven surface side is 30.0 or less, and the coefficient of variation in luminance is 0.0400 or less.

(Measurement of the coefficient of variation in luminance)

An image display device having a display element with a pixel density of 424ppi was bonded to the surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface. In the darkroom, the image of the image display device is displayed in green, and the image data is obtained by photographing the image from the antiglare film side with a CCD camera. The CCD camera used for the CCD camera has a pixel pitch of 5.5 μm by 5.5 μm and a pixel count of 1600 ten thousand pixels. The distance from the surface of the display element to the entrance pupil of the camera lens provided in the CCD camera was 500mm. A region α of 128×128 pixels is extracted from the obtained image data. The above-mentioned area α is subdivided into areas of every 8×8 pixels, resulting in 256 small areas. In each small region, the brightness of each pixel in each small region is divided by the average brightness of all pixels in each small region to obtain corrected brightness. The standard deviation of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas, and the variation coefficient of the luminance is calculated.

[2] A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element, a first transparent protective plate disposed on one side of the polarizing element, and a second transparent protective plate disposed on the other side of the polarizing element,

The antiglare film according to [1], wherein at least one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate is disposed so that a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface faces the polarizing element.

[3] A surface plate for an image display device, wherein a protective film is laminated on a resin plate or a glass plate, wherein the protective film is the antiglare film according to [1], and a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface is disposed so as to face the resin plate or the glass plate.

[4] An image display panel comprising a display element and an optical film disposed on a light emission surface side of the display element, wherein the image display panel comprises the antiglare film according to [1] as the optical film, and is disposed such that a surface of the antiglare film on the uneven surface side faces an opposite side to the display element.

[5] An image display device comprising the image display panel of [4], wherein the antiglare film is disposed on the outermost surface.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

The antiglare film, and the polarizing plate, the surface plate, the image display panel, and the image display device using the antiglare film of the present invention are excellent in antiglare property and can suppress glare.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the antiglare film of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the arrangement relationship of an image display device, an antiglare film, and a CCD camera when measuring the coefficient of variation in luminance.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of light incident on the antiglare film from the uneven surface side of the antiglare film.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the image display panel of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[ Antiglare film ]

The antiglare film of the present invention is an antiglare film having an antiglare layer, wherein the antiglare film has an uneven surface, and the 60-degree specular gloss measured from the uneven surface side is 30.0 or less, and the coefficient of variation in luminance is 0.0400 or less.

(Measurement of the coefficient of variation in luminance)

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cross-sectional shape of the antiglare film 100 of the present invention.

The antiglare film 100 of fig. 1 includes the antiglare layer 20 and has a concave-convex surface. In fig. 1, the surface of the antiglare layer 20 is a concave-convex surface of an antiglare film. The antiglare film 100 of fig. 1 has an antiglare layer 20 on a transparent substrate 10. The antiglare layer 20 of fig. 1 has a binder resin 21 and particles 22.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view. That is, the scale of each layer, the scale of each material, and the scale of the surface irregularities constituting the antiglare film 100 are schematically represented for ease of illustration, and thus are different from actual scales. The same applies to fig. 2 to 4.

The antiglare film of the present invention is not limited to the laminated structure of fig. 1. For example, the antiglare film may have a single-layer structure of the antiglare layer, or may have a transparent base material and a layer other than the antiglare layer. Examples of the layer other than the transparent substrate and the antiglare layer include an antireflection layer and an antifouling layer. In the case where another layer is provided on the antiglare layer, the surface of the other layer may be a concave-convex surface of the antiglare film.

In a preferred embodiment of the antiglare film, the transparent substrate has an antiglare layer thereon, and the surface of the antiglare layer opposite to the transparent substrate is a concave-convex surface of the antiglare film.

< Transparent substrate >

In order to improve the ease of manufacturing the antiglare film and the operability of the antiglare film, the antiglare film preferably has a transparent substrate.

The transparent substrate preferably has excellent light transmittance, smoothness, heat resistance and mechanical strength. Examples of such transparent substrates include plastic films such as polyester, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cellulose diacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetal, polyetherketone, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and amorphous Olefin (COP). The transparent substrate may be a substrate obtained by bonding 2 or more plastic films together.

Among them, in order to improve mechanical strength and dimensional stability, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate which are stretched, particularly biaxially stretched, are preferable. TAC and acrylic are preferable because they are excellent in light transmittance and optical isotropy. The COP and the polyester are excellent in weather resistance, and are preferable from the viewpoint of being excellent.

The thickness of the transparent substrate is preferably 5 μm or more and 300 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and still more preferably 30 μm or more and 120 μm or less.

When it is desired to thin the antiglare film, the upper limit of the thickness of the transparent substrate is preferably 60 μm or less, and more preferably 50 μm or less. When the transparent substrate is a low moisture permeability substrate such as polyester, COP, or acrylic, the upper limit of the thickness of the transparent substrate for thinning is preferably 40 μm, and more preferably 20 μm. Even in the case of a large screen, it is preferable that the upper limit of the thickness of the transparent base material is within the above range, so that the antiglare film is less likely to be deformed.

The thickness of the transparent substrate can be measured by a digital display standard outside micrometer (Mitutoyo Co., product number "MDC-25 SX") or the like. The thickness of the transparent substrate may be measured by measuring the average value at any 10 points as the above-mentioned value.

The preferred range of the thickness of the transparent substrate includes 5 μm to 300 μm, 5 μm to 200 μm, 5 μm to 120 μm, 5 μm to 60 μm, 5 μm to 50 μm, 5 μm to 40 μm, 5 μm to 20 μm, 20 μm to 300 μm, 20 μm to 200 μm, 20 μm to 120 μm, 20 μm to 60 μm, 20 μm to 50 μm, 20 μm to 40 μm, 30 μm to 300 μm, 30 μm to 200 μm, and 30 μm to 40 μm.

In order to improve the adhesion, the surface of the transparent substrate may be subjected to physical treatment such as corona discharge treatment or chemical treatment, or an easy-to-adhere layer may be formed.

The total light transmittance of the substrate is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 85% or more in JIS K7361-1:1997.

The haze of the substrate JIS K7136:2000 is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and still more preferably 3% or less.

< Concave-convex surface >

The antiglare film of the present invention has a concave-convex surface. In the case where the antiglare layer does not have another layer, the antiglare layer may have a surface with irregularities. In the case where another layer is provided on the antiglare layer, the surface of the other layer may be a concave-convex surface.

< Coefficient of variation in 60 degree specular gloss and luminance >

In the antiglare film of the present invention, the 60-degree specular gloss measured from the concave-convex surface side is required to be 30.0 or less, and the coefficient of variation in luminance is required to be 0.0400 or less.

When the 60-degree specular glossiness of the antiglare film exceeds 30.0, reflection of the background cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and antiglare property cannot be improved.

The 60-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is preferably 20.0 or less, more preferably 10.0 or less, and further preferably 7.0 or less.

If the 60-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is too low, the image light tends to scatter when passing through the antiglare film, and the darkroom contrast tends to decrease. Therefore, the 60-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, and further preferably 1.2 or more.

In this specification, when the options of the upper limit and the options of the lower limit of the plurality of numerical values are respectively shown, one selected from the options of the upper limit and one selected from the options of the lower limit can be combined as the embodiment of the numerical value range. For example, in the case of 60-degree specular gloss, examples of the numerical ranges include 0.5 to 30.0, 0.5 to 20.0, 0.5 to 10.0, 0.5 to 7.0, 1.0 to 30.0, 1.0 to 20.0, 1.0 to 10.0, 1.0 to 7.0, 1.2 to 30.0, 1.2 to 20.0, 1.2 to 10.0, and 1.2 to 7.0.

In the present specification, the 60-degree specular gloss and the 20-degree specular gloss refer to specular gloss specified in JIS Z8741:1997.

In the present specification, a sample in which a black sheet was bonded to the anti-glare film on the side opposite to the uneven surface via a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was prepared, and the measurement was performed from the uneven surface side of the sample.

The refractive index difference between the transparent adhesive layer and the layer in contact with the transparent adhesive layer of the sample is preferably within 0.15, more preferably within 0.10, more preferably within 0.05, more preferably within 0.01. Examples of the layer in contact with the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer include a transparent substrate and an antiglare layer. The total light transmittance of the black sheet JIS K7361-1:1997 is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0%. The refractive index difference between the resin constituting the black sheet and the transparent adhesive layer is preferably 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less, still more preferably 0.05 or less, and still more preferably 0.01 or less.

When the coefficient of variation in the brightness of the antiglare film exceeds 0.0400, glare cannot be suppressed.

The coefficient of variation in the brightness of the antiglare film is preferably 0.0350 or less, more preferably 0.0280 or less, and still more preferably 0.0250 or less.

If the coefficient of variation in the brightness of the antiglare film is too small, the antiglare property of the antiglare film may become extremely low, or conversely, the antiglare property of the antiglare film may become extremely high and the contrast may decrease. Therefore, the lower limit of the coefficient of variation in luminance of the antiglare film is preferably 0.0050 or more, more preferably 0.0100 or more.

Preferable ranges of the luminance fluctuation coefficient of the antiglare film include 0.0050 to 0.0400, 0.0050 to 0.0350, 0.0050 to 0.0280, 0.0050 to 0.0250, 0.0100 to 0.0400, 0.0100 to 0.0350, 0.0100 to 0.0280, and 0.0100 to 0.0250.

The coefficient of variation in brightness of the antiglare film was calculated by the following measurement.

(Measurement of the coefficient of variation in luminance)

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the arrangement relationship of the image display device 120, the antiglare film 100, and the CCD camera 300 when measuring the luminance variation coefficient.

In fig. 2, an antiglare film is attached to the image display device 120 on the side opposite to the uneven surface. In fig. 2, the surface of the antiglare film on the transparent substrate 10 side corresponds to the surface of the antiglare film on the opposite side of the uneven surface. As shown in fig. 2, the image display device 120 and the antiglare film 100 are preferably bonded together by a transparent adhesive medium 200. Examples of the layer structure of the transparent adhesive medium include a single layer structure of a transparent adhesive layer; a transparent adhesive layer, a transparent base material, and a transparent adhesive layer. As the transparent adhesive layer, a transparent adhesive layer (in other words, a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer) and a transparent adsorption layer can be exemplified.

The refractive index difference at the interface between the transparent adhesive medium and the layer of the antiglare film in contact with the transparent adhesive medium is preferably 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less, still more preferably 0.05 or less, and still more preferably 0.01 or less. Examples of the layer of the antiglare film that is in contact with the transparent adhesive medium include a transparent substrate and an antiglare layer. The refractive index difference between the interface of the transparent adhesive medium and the surface material of the image display device is preferably 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.01 or less. As a surface material of the image display device, for example, a cover glass is cited. In the case where the transparent adhesive medium 200 has a laminated structure of 2 or more layers, an interface other than the above-described interface is provided between the layer of the antiglare film that is in contact with the transparent adhesive medium and the surface material of the image display device. In this case, the refractive index difference of the interface other than the interface is also preferably 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.01 or less.

Examples of the image display device having a display element with a pixel density of 424ppi include a trade name "Xperia (registered trademark) Z5E 6653" of sony corporation. The image display device having the display element with a pixel density of 424ppi is preferably an image display device having an RGB stripe-type liquid crystal display element.

In fig. 2, as the CCD camera 300, a camera having a camera lens 32 attached to a camera body 31 is used. Examples of such a CCD camera include a camera body (cooling CCD camera [ Bitran trade name "BU-63M", pixel pitch: 5.5 μm. Times.5.5 μm, pixel number: 1600 ten thousand pixels, pixel number: 4896X 3264 ]) and a camera lens (AI AF Micro-Nikkor60mm f/2.8D ", trade name of Nikon Co., ltd.).

The image capturing is performed in a state in which the image display device is green-displayed in a darkroom environment. When an image was captured, the distance from the surface of the display element to the entrance pupil of the camera lens provided in the CCD camera was 500mm. When capturing an image, the focus of the CCD camera is adjusted to be aligned with the surface of the display element. The effective F value of the CCD camera is preferably set to 36.4.

In the present specification, the green display means a display at a single maximum gray scale ((R, G, B) = (0,255,0)) among the constituent primary colors of the display element.

A region α of 128×128 pixels is extracted from the obtained image data. The above-mentioned area α is subdivided into areas of every 8×8 pixels, resulting in 256 small areas. In each small region, the brightness of each pixel in each small region is divided by the average brightness of all pixels in each small region to obtain corrected brightness. The standard deviation of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas, and the variation coefficient of the luminance is calculated.

The position of the extraction region α from the 4896×3264 pixels is not particularly limited, and is preferably extracted from the remaining 80% after 10% of the top, bottom, left and right of the 4896×3264 pixels are removed.

In the method for measuring the luminance fluctuation coefficient of the present invention, as described above, the luminance of each pixel in each small region is divided by the average luminance of all pixels in each small region, so that the luminance unevenness inherent to the display element can be corrected. In the method for measuring the luminance variation coefficient of the present invention, the standard deviation of the corrected luminance is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance, and therefore the standard deviation is not affected by the absolute value of the luminance specific to the display element. The luminance variation coefficient of the present invention is a dimensionless value.

In order to easily adjust the coefficient of variation of 60-degree specular gloss and brightness to the above-described ranges, it is preferable to adjust Δq and λq to the below-described ranges.

In the present specification, the coefficient of variation of 60-degree specular gloss and brightness, and 20-degree specular gloss, Δq, λq, haze, and total light transmittance described later refer to average values of measured values at 16.

In the present specification, regarding 16 measurement sites, it is preferable that a region 1cm away from the outer edge of the measurement sample is a space, and a line dividing the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction by 5 is drawn for a region located inside the space, and 16 points of intersection at this time are defined as the center of measurement. For example, when the measurement sample is a quadrangle, it is preferable to use a region 1cm away from the outer edge of the quadrangle as a space, divide the region inside the space by 5 in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, and measure the region around 16 intersections of the 5-divided broken lines, and calculate the parameter using the average value. When the measurement sample has a shape other than a quadrangle such as a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, or a pentagon, it is preferable to draw a quadrangle inscribed in the shape, and to measure 16 points of the quadrangle by the above method. The quadrangle is preferably rectangular.

In the case of the variation coefficient of luminance, the variation coefficient of luminance is calculated at each location. Then, the average value of the variation coefficients of the luminance at 16 was taken as the variation coefficient of the luminance of the sample.

In the present specification, the coefficient of variation of 60-degree specular gloss and brightness, and various parameters such as 20-degree specular gloss, Δq, λq, haze, and total light transmittance described later are measured at a temperature of 23±5 ℃ and a relative humidity of 40% to 65% unless otherwise specified. Before each measurement is started, the target sample is exposed to the atmosphere for 30 to 60 minutes, and then the measurement is performed.

<20 Degree specular gloss >

The antiglare film of the present invention preferably has a 20-degree specular gloss measured from the concave-convex surface side of 6.0 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, still more preferably 1.0 or less, still more preferably 0.5 or less. When the 60-degree specular gloss is in the above range and the 20-degree specular gloss is 6.0 or less, antiglare properties can be easily improved in all directions.

If the 20-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is too low, the image light tends to scatter when passing through the antiglare film, and the darkroom contrast tends to decrease. Therefore, the 20-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more, and still more preferably 0.04 or more.

The preferable range of the 20-degree specular gloss of the antiglare film is from 0.01 to 6.0, from 0.01 to 3.0, from 0.01 to 1.0, from 0.01 to 0.5, from 0.02 to 6.0, from 0.02 to 3.0, from 0.02 to 1.0, from 0.02 to 0.5, from 0.04 to 6.0, from 0.04 to 3.0, from 0.04 to 1.0, and from 0.04 to 0.5.

<Δq、λq>

In the antiglare film of the present invention, when the root mean square slope of the uneven surface is defined as Δq and the root mean square wavelength of the uneven surface is defined as λq, Δq is preferably 0.250 μm/μm or more and λq is 17.000 μm or less.

Δq is related to the inclination angle of the concave-convex surface. More specifically, the larger Δq means the larger inclination angle of the concave-convex surface. Further, Δq is a square parameter, and is therefore a parameter that strongly reflects an angle larger than the average inclination angle in inclination. Therefore, Δq is a parameter different from the average inclination angle, which is a parameter that averages only all inclinations.

Λq is related to the interval of the irregularities of the irregular surface. More specifically, a smaller λq means a narrower interval of the irregularities of the irregular surface. As shown in the following formula (a), λq is a parameter calculated from Δq and Rq, which are square parameters. Therefore, λq is a parameter that strongly reflects the interval of the concave-convex with a large level difference and a large inclination angle. Therefore, λq is a parameter different from RSm of JIS, which is a parameter for averaging the intervals of all irregularities.

Therefore, a concave-convex surface having Δq of 0.250 μm/μm or more and λq of 17.000 μm or less means that concave-convex with a large inclination angle exist at a narrow interval. In this way, when the irregularities having a large inclination angle exist at a narrow interval, it is considered that the 60-degree specular gloss, 20-degree specular gloss, and the coefficient of variation of luminance can be easily set to the above ranges mainly for the following reasons (1) to (7). In particular, by reducing λq, a black feeling can be easily imparted to the antiglare film. The reason why the black feeling can be easily imparted to the antiglare film by decreasing λq is considered as follows.

Specular gloss indicates the magnitude of light intensity in the specular reflection direction. Therefore, even when the light intensity in the specular reflection direction is small and the specular glossiness is small, the black feeling cannot be imparted to the film when the light intensity in the directions other than the specular reflection direction is not small. By reducing λq, the following actions (1) to (5) can be further enhanced, and the reflected and scattered light can be made less noticeable to the observer, and thus it is considered that a black feeling can be imparted more easily.

It is believed that: when the irregularities having a large inclination angle are present at narrow intervals, the 60-degree specular gloss and the 20-degree specular gloss can be easily brought into the above ranges mainly for the following reasons (1) to (5).

(1) Since the distance between adjacent peaks is short, most of the reflected light reflected on the surface of any peak is incident on the adjacent peak. Then, total reflection is repeated inside the adjacent peak, and finally, the image proceeds to the opposite side to the observer 700 (solid line image in fig. 3).

(2) Reflected light of light incident on a steep slope of an arbitrary peak travels to the opposite side of the observer 700 irrespective of adjacent peaks (an image of a broken line in fig. 3).

(3) The distance between adjacent peaks is short, and therefore, the substantially flat area where the regular reflection light is generated is small.

(4) Reflected light reflected in a substantially flat region existing at a small proportion is liable to collide with an adjacent peak. Therefore, the angular distribution of the reflected light reflected in the substantially flat region is not deviated from a predetermined angle, and becomes a substantially uniform angular distribution.

(5) The reflected light of the light incident on the gentle slope of any peak travels toward the observer 700 side (image of the one-dot chain line in fig. 3). However, a predetermined angular distribution is present on the gentle slope of the peak, and the angular distribution is equally distributed in a gentle angular range. Thus, the angular distribution of the reflected light of the light incident on the gentle slope is not deviated to a specific angle.

According to the above (1) to (3), it is considered that the reflection and scattering light can be suppressed, the 60-degree specular gloss and the 20-degree specular gloss can be set to the above ranges, and the antiglare property can be improved.

In addition, according to the above (4) and (5), even if a small amount of the reflected scattered light is generated, the angular distribution of the reflected scattered light can be equalized. Even if the amount of the reflected scattered light is small, if the angular distribution of the reflected scattered light deviates to a specific angle, the reflected light is recognized. Therefore, according to the above (4) and (5), the antiglare property can be extremely good.

Further, according to the above (1) to (5), the reflected and scattered light can be hardly perceived by an observer, and therefore, a black feeling can be imparted to the antiglare film, and further, a high-quality feeling can be imparted to the image display device.

When the irregularities having a large inclination angle are present at narrow intervals, it is considered that the coefficient of variation of the luminance can be easily set to the above range mainly for the following reasons (6) to (7).

(6) The reason why the value of the luminance variation coefficient is increased is considered to be that the uneven surface functions as a lens and the image light is locally condensed. Moreover, the above phenomenon is likely to occur when the interval of the irregularities on the surface of the irregularities is equal to or greater than the pixel interval of the display element. Therefore, it is considered that the fluctuation coefficient of the luminance can be easily set to the above range by providing the irregularities at narrow intervals on the irregularities.

(7) If the inclination angle of the concave-convex surface is small, the concave-convex surface approximates to a part of a circle, and the image light is easily condensed. On the other hand, if the inclination angle of the concave-convex surface is large, the concave-convex surface approximates to a part of an ellipse, and the image light is difficult to condense. Therefore, it is considered that the fluctuation coefficient of the luminance can be easily set to the above range by increasing the inclination angle of the uneven surface.

It is considered that the actions of (6) and (7) act synergistically, whereby the fluctuation coefficient of luminance can be easily brought into the above range. Therefore, the shape of the uneven surface is preferably 0.250 μm/μm or more and 17.000 μm or less in λq.

More preferably, Δq is 0.275 μm/μm or more, still more preferably 0.300 μm/μm or more, still more preferably 0.325 μm/μm or more, still more preferably 0.350 μm/μm or more, still more preferably 0.400 μm/μm or more, still more preferably 0.485 μm/μm or more.

If Δq is too large, the image light is likely to scatter when passing through the antiglare film, and the darkroom contrast is likely to decrease. If Δq is too large, the reflectance of the image light tends to increase, and the transmittance of the image light tends to decrease. Therefore, Δq is preferably 0.800 μm/μm or less, more preferably 0.700 μm/μm or less, and still more preferably 0.600 μm/μm or less.

As a preferable range of deltaq for the concave-convex surface, it is possible to set the ratio of 0.250 μm to 0.800 μm, 0.250 μm to 0.700 μm, 0.250 μm to 0.600 μm, 0.275 μm to 0.800 μm, 0.275 μm to 0.700 μm, 0.275 μm to 0.600 μm, 0.300 μm to 0.800 μm, 0.300 μm to 0.700 μm, 0.300 μm to 0.300 μm, 0.300 μm to 0.600 μm, 0.325 μm to 0.800 μm 0.325 μm/μm to 0.700 μm/μm, 0.325 μm/μm to 0.600 μm/μm, 0.350 μm/μm to 0.800 μm/μm, 0.350 μm/μm to 0.700 μm/μm, 0.350 μm to 0.600 μm/μm, 0.400 μm to 0.800 μm/μm, 0.400 μm/μm to 0.700 μm, 0.400 μm/μm to 0.600 μm, 0.600 μm/μm.

The λq is more preferably 16.520 μm or less, still more preferably 16.000 μm or less, still more preferably 14.000 μm or less, still more preferably 12.000 μm or less.

If λq is too small, the image light is likely to scatter when passing through the antiglare film, and the darkroom contrast is likely to decrease. Therefore, λq is preferably 3.000 μm or more, more preferably 5.000 μm or more, and still more preferably 7.000 μm or more.

Preferable ranges of λq of the uneven surface include 3.000 μm to 17.000 μm, 3.000 μm to 16.520 μm, 3.000 μm to 16.000 μm, 3.000 μm to 14.000 μm, 3.000 μm to 12.000 μm, 5.000 μm to 17.000 μm, 5.000 μm to 16.520 μm, 5.000 μm to 16.000 μm, 5.000 μm to 14.000 μm, 5.000 μm to 12.000 μm, 7.000 μm to 17.000 μm, 7.000 μm to 16.520 μm, 7.000 μm to 16.000 μm, 7.000 μm to 14.000 μm, and 7.000 μm to 12.000 μm.

<Rq>

In order to improve antiglare properties, the antiglare film of the present invention preferably has an Rq on the uneven surface of 0.300 μm or more, more preferably 0.350 μm or more, and still more preferably 0.400 μm or more.

When Rq is too large, the uneven difference of the uneven surface is too large, and the uneven surface is easily damaged. This is because the portion of the uneven surface damaged by the friction material is mainly in the vicinity of the convex portion, and is easily damaged in the vicinity of the convex portion, particularly in the vicinity of the high-height convex portion. In particular, if Rq is large and λq is large, a load is easily applied to the vicinity of the high protruding portion. Therefore, rq is preferably 1.000 μm or less, more preferably 0.900 μm or less, still more preferably 0.800 μm or less, still more preferably 0.720 μm or less.

The preferable range of Rq of the uneven surface is from 0.300 μm to 1.000 μm, from 0.300 μm to 0.900 μm, from 0.300 μm to 0.800 μm, from 0.300 μm to 0.720 μm, from 0.350 μm to 1.000 μm, from 0.350 μm to 0.900 μm, from 0.350 μm to 0.800 μm, from 0.350 μm to 0.720 μm, from 0.400 μm to 1.000 μm, from 0.400 μm to 0.900 μm, from 0.400 μm to 0.800 μm, and from 0.400 μm to 0.720 μm.

In the present specification, Δq is a value obtained by three-dimensionally expanding "root mean square slope rΔq of roughness curve" specified in JIS B0601:2001.

In the present specification, rq is a value obtained by three-dimensionally expanding "root mean square height Rq of roughness curve" specified in JIS B0601:2001.

In the present specification, λq means a value represented by Δq and Rq by the following formula (a).

λq＝2^1.5π(Rq/Δq)…(A)

Δq, rq and λq are preferably measured using an interference microscope. As an interference microscope, for example, the trade name "New View" series of Zygo corporation, and the like are cited. By using the aforementioned measurement/analysis application software "MetroPro" attached to the "New View" series, Δq, rq, and λq can be calculated easily.

The measurement conditions for measuring Δq, rq, and λq using the aforementioned "New View" series are preferably the conditions described in examples. For example, filter Low Wavelen (λc corresponding to JIS B0601) is preferably 800. Mu.m. That is, Δq, rq, and λq are preferably measured by an interference microscope with a value of λc corresponding to JIS B0601 set to 800 μm. CAMERA RES (resolution) is preferably 0.3 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less, more preferably 0.44 μm.

< Antiglare layer >

The antiglare layer is a layer that suppresses reflected and scattered light and takes on the center of antiglare properties.

Method for Forming antiglare layer

The antiglare layer can be formed by, for example, a method such as (a) shaping using an embossing roll, (B) etching treatment, (C) molding by a mold, and (D) formation of a coating film by application. Among these methods, (C) mold-based molding is preferable for easily obtaining a stable surface shape, and (D) coating film formation by application is preferable for productivity and coping with various kinds.

In the case of forming a coating film (antiglare layer) by the method of (D), for example, the following means can be mentioned: (d1) Means for coating a coating liquid containing a binder resin and particles and forming irregularities by the particles; (d2) And means for forming irregularities by applying a coating liquid containing any resin and a resin having poor compatibility with the resin and causing phase separation of the resin. (D) The method (d) may be any of (d 1) and (d 2), but (d 1) is preferable to (d 2) in terms of easy control of Δq, λq, and Rq.

Thickness (thickness)

In order to suppress curling and to provide a good balance of mechanical strength, hardness and toughness, the thickness T of the antiglare layer is preferably 2 μm to 10 μm, more preferably 4 μm to 8 μm.

For example, the thickness of the antiglare layer can be calculated from the average value of any portion of a cross-sectional photograph of an antiglare film obtained by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) at 20 points. Preferably, the acceleration voltage of STEM is 10kV to 30kV, and the magnification of STEM is 1000 times to 7000 times.

Examples of the preferable range of the thickness of the antiglare layer include 2 μm to 10 μm, 2 μm to 8 μm, 4 μm to 10 μm, and 4 μm to 8 μm.

Components (composition)

The antiglare layer mainly contains a resin component, and if necessary, contains particles such as organic particles and inorganic fine particles, a refractive index adjuster, an antistatic agent, an antifouling agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, a viscosity adjuster, a thermal polymerization initiator, and other additives.

The antiglare layer preferably contains a binder resin and particles. Examples of the particles include organic particles and inorganic particles, and inorganic particles are preferable. That is, the antiglare layer more preferably contains a binder resin and inorganic particles. In addition, the antiglare layer further preferably contains a binder resin, inorganic particles, and organic particles.

Particles-

Examples of the organic particles include particles composed of polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer, melamine resin, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate, silicone, fluorine resin, polyester resin, and the like. Examples of the inorganic particles include silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, and the like, and silica is preferable. Among the inorganic particles, amorphous inorganic particles are preferable, and amorphous silica is more preferable.

By using amorphous inorganic particles such as amorphous silica as the particles, steep irregularities are easily formed, and thus Δq can be easily increased.

When amorphous inorganic particles such as amorphous silica are used as the particles, the content of the amorphous inorganic particles in the antiglare layer is preferably increased in order to easily adjust Δq and λq to the above-described ranges. By increasing the content of amorphous inorganic particles in the antiglare layer, the amorphous inorganic particles are formed to have a shape in which one surface is filled with the amorphous inorganic particles, and λq is easily reduced. Further, by adding organic particles in addition to the amorphous inorganic particles, extreme aggregation of the amorphous inorganic particles is suppressed, and a narrow uneven interval can be maintained, so λq can be reduced. The mass ratio of the amorphous inorganic particles to the organic particles is preferably 5:1 to 1:1, more preferably 4:1 to 2:1.

In the case of using organic particles as the particles, the antiglare layer preferably contains inorganic fine particles described later in order to easily bring Δq and λq into the above-described ranges.

The average particle diameter D of the particles such as the organic particles and the inorganic particles is preferably 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less, more preferably 1.5 μm or more and 8.0 μm or less, and still more preferably 1.7 μm or more and 6.0 μm or less.

By setting the average particle diameter D to 1.0 μm or more, rq can be easily increased. Among the particles, amorphous inorganic particles tend to increase Δq and Rq. By setting the average particle diameter D to 10.0 μm or less, λq can be easily reduced, and Δq and Rq can be easily suppressed from becoming excessively large.

Examples of the preferred range of the average particle diameter of the particles include 1.0 μm to 10.0 μm, 1.0 μm to 8.0 μm, 1.0 μm to 6.0 μm, 1.5 μm to 10.0 μm, 1.5 μm to 8.0 μm, 1.5 μm to 6.0 μm, 1.7 μm to 10.0 μm, 1.7 μm to 8.0 μm, and 1.7 μm to 8.0 μm.

The average particle diameter of the particles such as the organic particles and the inorganic particles can be calculated by the following operations (A1) to (A3).

(A1) The antiglare film was photographed into a transmission observation image by an optical microscope. The magnification is preferably 500 to 2000 times.

(A2) The particle size of each particle was calculated by extracting 10 arbitrary particles from the observation image. The particle diameter is measured as the inter-linear distance in a combination of 2 lines in which the distance between the 2 lines becomes maximum when the cross section of the particle is sandwiched between arbitrary 2 parallel lines.

(A3) The same procedure was performed 5 times on the observation images of the other pictures of the same sample, and the average particle diameter of the particles was defined as the value obtained by averaging the numbers of the total 50 particle diameters.

In the case where the particles are amorphous inorganic particles, the average particle diameter can be measured as a volume average particle diameter by a laser diffraction method.

The ratio D/T of the thickness T of the antiglare layer to the average particle diameter D of the particles is preferably 0.20 to 0.96, more preferably 0.25 to 0.90, still more preferably 0.30 to 0.80, still more preferably 0.35 to 0.70. When D/T is set to the above range, the heights of peaks and the intervals between peaks on the uneven surface can be easily set to an appropriate range, and thus Δq, λq, and Rq can be easily set to the above range. By setting the D/T to 0.96 or less, it is possible to easily suppress the Rq from becoming excessively large.

Examples of the preferred range of D/T include 0.20 to 0.96, 0.20 to 0.90, 0.20 to 0.80, 0.20 to 0.70, 0.25 to 0.96, 0.25 to 0.90, 0.25 to 0.80, 0.25 to 0.70, 0.30 to 0.96, 0.30 to 0.90, 0.30 to 0.80, 0.35 to 0.90, 0.35 to 0.35, 0.80, and 0.35 to 0.70.

The content of the particles such as the organic particles and the inorganic particles is preferably 10 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 15 parts by mass to 170 parts by mass, and still more preferably 20 parts by mass to 150 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

By setting the content of the particles to 10 parts by mass or more, Δq and Rq can be easily increased, and λq can be easily reduced. By setting the content of the particles to 200 parts by mass or less, the particles can be easily prevented from falling off the antiglare layer.

In the case of using organic particles and not using amorphous inorganic particles as the particles, the content of the particles is preferably in a large amount in the above range in order to easily exhibit "particle-spreading" and "particle-stacking". In the case of using amorphous inorganic particles as the particles, the content of the particles is preferably a small amount in the above range in order to suppress Δq and Rq from becoming excessively large.

Examples of the preferable range of the content of the particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin include 10 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less, 10 parts by mass or more and 170 parts by mass or less, 10 parts by mass or more and 150 parts by mass or less, 15 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less, 15 parts by mass or more and 170 parts by mass or less, 15 parts by mass or more and 150 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less, 20 parts by mass or more and 170 parts by mass or less, and 20 parts by mass or more and 150 parts by mass or less.

Inorganic particles

The antiglare layer preferably contains inorganic fine particles in addition to the binder resin and the particles. In the present specification, the inorganic fine particles and the above-mentioned particles can be distinguished by average particle diameters. When the antiglare layer contains inorganic fine particles, fine irregularities are formed between peaks on the surface of the irregularities, and thus, the specular reflection light can be easily reduced. In addition, by including the inorganic fine particles in the antiglare layer, the difference between the refractive index of the particles and the refractive index of the composition other than the particles of the antiglare layer becomes small, and the internal haze can be easily reduced. In addition, in the case where the antiglare layer contains inorganic fine particles, the viscosity of the antiglare layer coating liquid can be increased, and thus the particles become difficult to sink. Therefore, when the antiglare layer contains inorganic fine particles, Δq can be easily increased and λq can be easily reduced. In the case where the antiglare layer contains inorganic fine particles, the particles are preferably organic particles.

Examples of the inorganic fine particles include fine particles composed of silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, and the like. Among these, silica which is easily suppressed in the generation of internal haze is preferable.

The average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 1nm to 200nm, more preferably 2nm to 100nm, still more preferably 5nm to 50 nm.

Examples of the preferred range of the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles include 1nm to 200nm, 1nm to 100nm, 1nm to 50nm, 2nm to 200nm, 2nm to 100nm, 2nm to 50nm, 5nm to 200nm, 5nm to 100nm, and 5nm to 50 nm.

The average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles can be calculated by the following operations (B1) to (B3).

(B1) Cross sections of antiglare films were photographed with TEM or STEM. The acceleration voltage of the TEM or STEM is preferably 10kV or more and 30kV or less, and the magnification is preferably 5-30 ten thousand times or more.

(B2) The particle size of each inorganic fine particle was calculated by extracting 10 arbitrary inorganic fine particles from the observation image. The particle diameter is measured as the inter-linear distance in a combination of 2 lines in which the distance between the 2 lines becomes maximum when the cross section of the inorganic fine particles is sandwiched between arbitrary 2 parallel lines.

(B3) The same procedure was performed 5 times on the observation images of the other pictures of the same sample, and the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles was defined as the value obtained by averaging the numbers of the total 50 particle diameters.

The content of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 15 to 150 parts by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

The effect of the inorganic fine particles can be easily obtained by setting the content of the inorganic fine particles to 10 parts by mass or more. By setting the content of the inorganic fine particles to 200 parts by mass or less, it is possible to easily suppress a decrease in the coating film strength of the antiglare layer, and to suppress the inhibition of the fluidity of the particles, and to easily set Δq, λq, and Rq to the above ranges.

An embodiment in which the content of the inorganic fine particles is in a preferable range with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin includes 10 to 200 parts by mass, 10 to 150 parts by mass, 10 to 80 parts by mass, 15 to 200 parts by mass, 15 to 150 parts by mass, 15 to 80 parts by mass, 20 to 200 parts by mass, 20 to 150 parts by mass, and 20 to 80 parts by mass.

Binder resin

In order to improve mechanical strength, the binder resin preferably contains a cured product of a thermosetting resin composition or a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, and more preferably contains a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition.

The thermosetting resin composition is a composition containing at least a thermosetting resin, and is a resin composition cured by heating.

Examples of the thermosetting resin include an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a phenol resin, a urea melamine resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, and a silicone resin. In the thermosetting resin composition, a curing agent is added to these curable resins as needed.

The ionizing radiation-curable resin composition is a composition containing a compound having an ionizing radiation-curable functional group (hereinafter, also referred to as "ionizing radiation-curable compound"). Examples of the ionizing radiation-curable functional group include an ethylenically unsaturated bond group such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group, and an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, and the like. The ionizing radiation-curable compound is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond group, more preferably a compound having 2 or more ethylenically unsaturated bond groups, and particularly preferably a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound having 2 or more ethylenically unsaturated bond groups. As the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound, any of monomers and oligomers can be used.

The ionizing radiation is an electromagnetic wave or a charged particle beam having energy quanta capable of polymerizing or crosslinking molecules, and Ultraviolet (UV) or Electron Beam (EB) is generally used, and in addition, an electromagnetic wave such as X-ray or γ -ray, a charged particle beam such as α -ray or ion ray may be used.

Among the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate-based compounds, examples of the 2-functional (meth) acrylate-based monomer include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol a tetraethoxy diacrylate, bisphenol a tetrapropoxy diacrylate, and 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate.

Examples of the 3-functional or higher (meth) acrylate monomer include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, and isocyanuric acid modified tri (meth) acrylate.

The (meth) acrylate monomer may be modified with a part of the molecular skeleton. For example, the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer may be a monomer obtained by modifying a part of the molecular skeleton with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, caprolactone, isocyanuric acid, an alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aromatic group, bisphenol, or the like.

Examples of the multifunctional (meth) acrylate oligomer include acrylate polymers such as urethane (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, and polyether (meth) acrylate.

Urethane (meth) acrylates are obtained, for example, by reacting polyols and organic diisocyanates with hydroxy (meth) acrylates.

Preferred epoxy (meth) acrylates are (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting 3-functional or more aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, and the like with (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting 2-functional or more aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, and the like with polybasic acids and (meth) acrylic acid, and (meth) acrylates obtained by reacting 2-functional or more aromatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy resins, aliphatic epoxy resins, and the like with phenols and (meth) acrylic acid.

For the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the antiglare layer coating liquid, etc., a monofunctional (meth) acrylate may be used as the ionizing radiation-curable compound. Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, and isobornyl (meth) acrylate.

The ionizing radiation-curable compound may be used singly or in combination of 1 or more than 2.

When the ionizing radiation-curable compound is an ultraviolet-curable compound, the ionizing radiation-curable composition preferably contains an additive such as a photopolymerization initiator or a photopolymerization accelerator.

The photopolymerization initiator may be 1 or more selected from acetophenone, benzophenone, α -hydroxyalkylbenzophenone, michler's ketone, benzoin, benzil dimethyl ketal, benzoyl benzoate, α -acyl oxime ester, thioxanthone, and the like.

The photopolymerization accelerator can reduce polymerization inhibition caused by air during curing, thereby accelerating the curing speed. Examples of the accelerator include isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate and ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate.

When the binder resin contains a cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, the following constitution (C1) or (C2) is preferable.

(C1) The binder resin contains a thermoplastic resin in addition to the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition.

(C2) The binder resin contains substantially only a cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, and the ionizing radiation-curable compound contained in the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition contains 70 mass% or more of a monomer component.

In the case of the embodiment of C1 described above, since the viscosity of the antiglare layer coating liquid is increased by the thermoplastic resin, the particles become less likely to sink, and the binder resin becomes less likely to flow down between peaks. Therefore, in the case of the embodiment of C1 described above, Δq can be easily increased and λq can be easily decreased. In the embodiment C1, when the antiglare layer contains inorganic fine particles, the viscosity of the antiglare layer coating liquid can be further improved by the inorganic fine particles, which is preferable.

The embodiment of C1 described above preferably uses organic particles as the particles, and includes inorganic fine particles.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polystyrene-based resins, polyolefin-based resins, ABS resins (including heat-resistant ABS resins), AS resins, AN resins, polyphenylene ether-based resins, polycarbonate-based resins, polyacetal-based resins, acrylic resins, polyethylene terephthalate-based resins, polybutylene terephthalate-based resins, polysulfone-based resins, and polyphenylene sulfide-based resins, and acrylic resins are preferable for good transparency.

The weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 2 to 20 tens of thousands, more preferably 3 to 15 tens of thousands, still more preferably 5 to 10 tens of thousands.

In the present specification, the weight average molecular weight is an average molecular weight measured by GPC analysis and converted to standard polystyrene.

Examples of the preferred range of the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin include 2 to 20 ten thousand, 2 to 15 ten thousand, 2 to 10 ten thousand, 3 to 20 ten thousand, 3 to 15 ten thousand, 3 to 10 ten thousand, 5 to 20 ten thousand, 5 to 15 ten thousand, and 5 to 10 ten thousand.

In the embodiment of C1, the mass ratio of the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition to the thermoplastic resin is preferably 60:40 to 90:10, more preferably 70:30 to 80:20.

By setting the thermoplastic resin to 10 or more relative to the cured product of the 90-degree ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, the effect of the improvement in viscosity of the antiglare layer coating liquid can be easily exhibited. By setting the thermoplastic resin to 40 or less relative to the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition of 60, the deterioration of the mechanical strength of the antiglare layer can be easily suppressed.

In the case of the embodiment C2 described above, particles are spread on the bottom of the antiglare layer, and the particles are deposited in a partial region, so that the binder resin having a thin skin shape tends to cover the shape of the particles. Therefore, in the case of the embodiment of C2 described above, Δq can be easily increased by the deposited particles, and λq can be easily reduced by the filled particles.

In the embodiment of C2 described above, the particles are preferably inorganic particles, more preferably amorphous inorganic particles, and further preferably amorphous silica. In the embodiment of C2, it is preferable that the inorganic particles include organic particles.

In the above C2, the ratio of the cured product of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition to the total amount of the binder resin is preferably 90 mass% or more, more preferably 95 mass% or more, and still more preferably 100 mass%.

In the above C2, the ratio of the monomer component to the total amount of the ionizing radiation-curable compound is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 75% by mass or more. The monomer component is preferably a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound.

The antiglare layer coating liquid preferably contains a solvent for adjusting viscosity or allowing each component to be dissolved or dispersed. Since the surface shape of the antiglare layer after coating and drying varies depending on the type of solvent, the solvent is preferably selected in consideration of the saturated vapor pressure of the solvent, the permeability of the solvent to the transparent substrate, and the like.

The solvent may be: ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and dichloroethane; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate; alcohols such as isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol; cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve; glycol ethers such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; cellosolve acetate esters; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. The solvent may be 1 kind alone or a mixture of 2 or more kinds.

The solvent in the antiglare layer coating liquid preferably contains a solvent having a high evaporation rate as a main component. By accelerating the evaporation rate of the solvent, the particles are suppressed from settling to the lower part of the antiglare layer, and further the binder resin becomes difficult to flow down to between peaks. Therefore, Δq can be easily increased and λq can be easily decreased.

The main component is 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more of the total amount of the solvent.

In the present specification, the solvent having a high evaporation rate means a solvent having an evaporation rate of 100 or more when the evaporation rate of butyl acetate is 100. The evaporation rate of the solvent having a high evaporation rate is more preferably 120 to 300, still more preferably 150 to 220.

Examples of the solvent having a high evaporation rate include methyl isobutyl ketone having an evaporation rate of 160, toluene having an evaporation rate of 200, and methyl ethyl ketone having an evaporation rate of 370.

The solvent in the antiglare layer coating liquid preferably contains a small amount of a solvent having a low evaporation rate in addition to the solvent having a high evaporation rate. By containing a small amount of a solvent having a low evaporation rate, particles can be aggregated, and Δq and Rq can be easily increased. However, in order to suppress the Rq from becoming excessively large, it is important that the content of the solvent having a low evaporation rate is small.

The mass ratio of the solvent having a high evaporation rate to the solvent having a low evaporation rate is preferably 99:1 to 80:20, more preferably 98:2 to 85:15.

In the present specification, the solvent having a low evaporation rate means a solvent having an evaporation rate of less than 100 when the evaporation rate of butyl acetate is 100. The evaporation rate of the solvent having a low evaporation rate is more preferably 20 to 60, still more preferably 25 to 40.

Examples of the solvent having a low evaporation rate include cyclohexanone having an evaporation rate of 32 and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate having an evaporation rate of 44.

When forming an antiglare layer from the antiglare layer coating liquid, it is preferable to control the drying conditions.

The drying conditions can be controlled by the drying temperature and the air speed in the dryer. The drying temperature is preferably 30 to 120 ℃, and the drying wind speed is preferably 0.2 to 50 m/s. In order to control the surface shape of the antiglare layer by drying, irradiation with ionizing radiation is preferably performed after drying of the coating liquid.

< Optical Property >

The total light transmittance of the antiglare film according to JIS K7361-1:1997 is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 85% or more.

The light incidence surface at the time of measuring the total light transmittance and haze described later is the opposite side to the concave-convex surface.

The haze of the antiglare film JIS K7136:2000 is preferably 20% to 98%, more preferably 30% to 98%, more preferably 40% to 98%, more preferably 50% to 80%, more preferably 55% to 70%.

By setting the haze to 20% or more, antiglare properties can be easily improved. In order to improve antiglare properties, the haze is preferably 40% or more. By setting the haze to 98% or less, a decrease in resolution of an image can be easily suppressed.

The preferable range of the haze of the antiglare film is 20% to 98%, 20% to 80%, 20% to 70%, 30% to 98%, 30% to 80%, 30% to 70%, 40% to 98%, 40% to 80%, 40% to 70%, 50% to 98%, 50% to 80%, 50% to 70%, 55% to 98%, 55% to 80%, 55% to 70%.

In order to easily improve the resolution and contrast of the image, the internal haze of the antiglare film is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and still more preferably 10% or less.

The internal haze can be measured by a general method. For example, the internal haze can be measured by bonding a transparent sheet or the like to the uneven surface via a transparent adhesive layer and flattening the irregularities of the uneven surface.

In the antiglare film, regarding the transmission image clarity measured in accordance with JIS K7374:2007, when the transmission image clarity of 0.125mm in width of the optical comb is defined as C _0.125, the transmission image clarity of 0.25mm in width of the optical comb is defined as C _0.25, the transmission image clarity of 0.5mm in width of the optical comb is defined as C _0.5, the transmission image clarity of 1.0mm in width of the optical comb is defined as C _1.0, and the transmission image clarity of 2.0mm in width of the optical comb is defined as C _2.0, the values of C _0.125、C_0.25、C_0.5、C_1.0 and C _2.0 are preferably in the following ranges.

In order to improve antiglare property, C _0.125 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. In order to obtain a good resolution, C _0.125 is preferably 1.0% or more. The range of C _0.125 is 1.0% to 50%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 30%, and 1.0% to 20%.

In order to improve antiglare property, C _0.25 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. In order to obtain a good resolution, C _0.25 is preferably 1.0% or more. The range of C _0.25 is 1.0% to 50%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 30%, and 1.0% to 20%.

In order to improve antiglare property, C _0.5 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. In order to obtain a good resolution, C _0.5 is preferably 1.0% or more. The range of C _0.5 is 1.0% to 50%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 30%, and 1.0% to 20%.

In order to improve antiglare property, C _1.0 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. In order to obtain a good resolution, C _1.0 is preferably 1.0% or more. The range of C _1.0 is 1.0% to 50%, 1.0% to 40%, 1.0% to 30%, and 1.0% to 20%.

In order to improve antiglare property, C _2.0 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, still more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less. In order to obtain a good resolution, C _2.0 is preferably 5.0% or more. The range of C _2.0 is from 5.0% to 50%, from 5.0% to 40%, from 5.0% to 30%, from 5.0% to 20%.

In order to improve antiglare properties, the total of C _0.125、C_0.5、C_1.0 and C _2.0 of the antiglare film is preferably 200% or less, more preferably 150% or less, still more preferably 100% or less, and still more preferably 80% or less. In order to improve the resolution, the total is preferably 10.0% or more. The total range is 10.0% to 200%, 10.0% to 150%, 10.0% to 100%, and 10.0% to 80%.

< Other layer >

The antiglare film may have the antiglare layer and a layer other than the transparent substrate. Examples of the other layer include an antireflection layer, an antifouling layer, and an antistatic layer.

As a preferred embodiment having the other layer, there is an embodiment having an antireflection layer on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer, and the surface of the antireflection layer is the uneven surface of the antiglare film. The antireflective layer is more preferably provided with stain resistance. That is, the antiglare layer is preferably provided with an antifouling antireflection layer, and the surface of the antifouling antireflection layer is preferably the uneven surface of the antiglare film.

Anti-reflection layer

Examples of the antireflection layer include a single-layer structure of a low refractive index layer; a 2-layer structure of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer; a multilayer structure of 3 layers or more. The low refractive index layer and the high refractive index layer may be formed by a general wet method or a dry method, or the like. In the case of the wet method, the above-described single-layer structure or 2-layer structure is preferable, and in the case of the dry method, the above-described multi-layer structure is preferable.

In the case of a single-layer structure or a 2-layer structure

The single layer structure or the 2-layer structure is preferably formed by a wet method.

The low refractive index layer is preferably disposed on the outermost surface of the antiglare film. In the case of imparting stain resistance to the antireflection layer, it is preferable that a stain-proofing agent such as an organosilicon compound or a fluorine compound is contained in the low refractive index layer.

The lower limit of the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably 1.10 or more, more preferably 1.20 or more, more preferably 1.26 or more, more preferably 1.28 or more, more preferably 1.30 or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1.48 or less, more preferably 1.45 or less, more preferably 1.40 or less, more preferably 1.38 or less, more preferably 1.32 or less.

Examples of the preferred range of the refractive index of the low refractive index layer include 1.10 to 1.48, 1.10 to 1.45, 1.10 to 1.40, 1.10 to 1.38, 1.10 to 1.32, 1.20 to 1.48, 1.20 to 1.45, 1.20 to 1.40, 1.20 to 1.38, 1.20 to 1.32, 1.26 to 1.48, 1.26 to 1.45, 1.26 to 1.40, 1.26 to 1.38, 1.26 to 1.32, 1.28 to 1.48, 1.28 to 1.45, 1.28 to 1.40, 1.28 to 1.38, 1.28 to 1.32, 1.28 to 1.30, and 1.30 to 1.30.

The lower limit of the thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 80nm or more, more preferably 85nm or more, still more preferably 90nm or more, and the upper limit is preferably 150nm or less, still more preferably 110nm or less, still more preferably 105nm or less.

Examples of the preferred range of the thickness of the low refractive index layer include 80nm to 150nm, 80nm to 110nm, 80nm to 105nm, 85nm to 150nm, 85nm to 110nm, 85nm to 105nm, 90nm to 150nm, 90nm to 110nm, and 90nm to 105 nm.

The high refractive index layer is preferably arranged on the antiglare layer side of the low refractive index layer.

The lower limit of the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.53 or more, more preferably 1.54 or more, more preferably 1.55 or more, more preferably 1.56 or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1.85 or less, more preferably 1.80 or less, more preferably 1.75 or less, more preferably 1.70 or less.

Examples of the preferred range of the refractive index of the high refractive index layer include 1.53 to 1.85, 1.53 to 1.80, 1.53 to 1.75, 1.53 to 1.70, 1.54 to 1.85, 1.54 to 1.80, 1.54 to 1.75, 1.54 to 1.70, 1.55 to 1.85, 1.55 to 1.80, 1.55 to 1.55, 1.55 to 1.75, 1.55 to 1.70, 1.56 to 1.85, 1.56 to 1.80, 1.56 to 1.75, and 1.56 to 1.70.

The upper limit of the thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 200nm or less, more preferably 180nm or less, still more preferably 150nm or less, and the lower limit is preferably 50nm or more, more preferably 70nm or more.

Examples of the preferred range of the thickness of the high refractive index layer include 50nm to 200nm, 50nm to 180nm, 50nm to 150nm, 70nm to 200nm, 70nm to 180nm, 70nm to 150 nm.

Case of multilayer structure of 3 layers or more

The multilayer structure preferably formed by the dry method is a structure in which a total of 3 or more layers of high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers are alternately laminated. In the multilayer structure, the low refractive index layer is also preferably disposed on the outermost surface of the antiglare film.

The thickness of the high refractive index layer is preferably 10nm to 200nm, and the refractive index is preferably 2.10 to 2.40. The thickness of the high refractive index layer is more preferably 20nm to 70 nm.

The thickness of the low refractive index layer is preferably 5nm to 200nm, and the refractive index is preferably 1.33 to 1.53. The thickness of the low refractive index layer is more preferably 20nm to 120 nm.

< Size, shape, etc.)

The antiglare film may be in the form of a sheet cut into a predetermined size, or may be in the form of a roll obtained by winding a long sheet into a roll. The size of the single sheet is not particularly limited, and the maximum diameter is about 2 inches to 500 inches. "maximum diameter" refers to the maximum length at any 2 points of the antiglare film attached. For example, in the case where the antiglare film is rectangular, the diagonal line of the rectangle is the maximum diameter. In the case where the antiglare film is circular, the diameter of the circle is the maximum diameter.

The width and length of the roll are not particularly limited, and the width is usually about 500mm to 3000mm, and the length is about 500m to 5000 m. The antiglare film in a roll form can be used by being cut into a sheet form according to the size of an image display device or the like. During cutting, the end portion of the roll, which is unstable in physical properties, is preferably removed.

The shape of the single sheet is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polygonal shapes such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and the like, circular shapes, random amorphous shapes, and the like. More specifically, in the case where the antiglare film has a quadrangular shape, the aspect ratio is not particularly limited as long as there is no problem as a display screen. For example, the horizontal/vertical=1:1, 4:3, 16:10, 16:9, 2:1, and the like can be mentioned. However, in many cases, the aspect ratio is not limited to such an aspect ratio in the in-vehicle use and the digital signage which are rich in design.

The surface shape of the antiglare film on the side opposite to the concave-convex surface is not particularly limited, and is preferably substantially smooth. Substantially smooth means that JIS B0601:2001 has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of less than 0.03 μm, preferably 0.02 μm or less.

[ Polarizer ]

The polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizing element, a first transparent protective plate disposed on one side of the polarizing element, and a second transparent protective plate disposed on the other side of the polarizing element,

At least one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate is the antiglare film of the present invention, and a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface is disposed so as to face the polarizing element.

< Polarizing element >

Examples of the polarizing element include a sheet-type polarizing element such as a polyvinyl alcohol film, a polyvinyl formal film, a polyvinyl acetal film, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based saponified film, which are dyed with iodine or the like and stretched; a wire grid type polarizing element composed of a large number of metal wires arranged in parallel; a coated polarizing element coated with a lyotropic liquid crystal or dichroic host-guest material; multilayer thin film type polarizing elements, and the like. These polarizing elements may be reflective polarizing elements having a function of reflecting a non-transmissive polarizing component.

< Transparent protective plate >

A first transparent protective plate is disposed on one side of the polarizing element, and a second transparent protective plate is disposed on the other side. At least one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate is the antiglare film of the present invention described above.

In the polarizing plate of the present invention, one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate may be the antiglare film of the present invention, or both of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate may be the antiglare film of the present invention.

As the transparent protective plate other than the antiglare film of the present invention out of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate, a general-purpose plastic film, glass, or the like can be used.

The polarizing element and the transparent protective plate are preferably bonded by an adhesive. The adhesive may be a general-purpose adhesive, and a PVA-based adhesive is preferable.

[ Surface plate for image display device ]

The surface plate for an image display device according to the present invention is a surface plate for an image display device in which a protective film is bonded to a resin plate or a glass plate, wherein the protective film is the antiglare film according to the present invention, and a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface is disposed so as to face the resin plate or the glass plate.

As the resin plate or the glass plate, a resin plate or a glass plate commonly used as a surface plate of an image display device can be used.

In order to improve the strength, the thickness of the resin plate or glass plate is preferably 10 μm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the resin plate or glass plate is usually 5000 μm or less. For the purpose of thickness reduction, the upper limit of the thickness of the resin plate or glass plate is preferably 1000 μm or less, more preferably 500 μm or less, and still more preferably 100 μm or less.

Examples of the thickness range of the resin sheet or glass sheet include 10 μm to 5000 μm, 10 μm to 1000 μm, 10 μm to 500 μm, and 10 μm to 100 μm.

[ Image display Panel ]

An image display panel according to the present invention is an image display panel including a display element and an optical film disposed on a light emission surface side of the display element, wherein the image display panel includes the antiglare film according to the present invention as the optical film, and is disposed such that a surface of the antiglare film on the uneven surface side faces an opposite side to the display element (see fig. 4).

In the image display panel, the antiglare film of the present invention is preferably disposed on the outermost surface of the display element on the light emission surface side.

Examples of the display element include a liquid crystal display element, an EL display element (organic EL display element, inorganic EL display element), a plasma display element, and an LED display element such as a micro LED display element. These display elements may have a touch panel function inside the display elements.

Examples of the liquid crystal display modes of the liquid crystal display element include IPS mode, VA mode, multi-domain mode, OCB mode, STN mode, TSTN mode, and the like.

The image display panel of the present invention may be an image display panel with a touch panel having a touch panel between a display element and an antiglare film.

The size of the image display panel is not particularly limited, and the maximum diameter is about 2 inches to 500 inches. The maximum diameter is the maximum length when any two points in the plane of the image display panel are connected.

[ Image display device ]

The image display device of the present invention includes the image display panel of the present invention.

The image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the image display panel of the present invention is included. The image display device of the present invention preferably includes the image display panel of the present invention, a drive control unit electrically connected to the image display panel, and a case accommodating the image display panel and the drive control unit.

In the case where the display element is a liquid crystal display element, the image display device of the present invention requires a backlight. The backlight is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal display element opposite to the light emitting surface side.

The size of the image display device is not particularly limited, and the maximum diameter of the effective display area is about 2 inches to 500 inches.

The effective display area of the image display device is an area in which an image can be displayed. For example, in the case where the image display device has a case surrounding the display element, an area inside the case becomes an effective image area.

The maximum diameter of the effective image area refers to the maximum length when any two points within the effective image area are connected. For example, in the case where the effective image area is a rectangle, the diagonal line of the rectangle is the maximum diameter. In the case where the effective image area is a circle, the diameter of the circle is the maximum diameter.

The present invention includes the following [1] to [18].

(Measurement of the coefficient of variation in luminance)

[2] The antiglare film according to [1], wherein the 20-degree specular gloss measured from the concave-convex surface side is 6.0 or less.

[3] The antiglare film according to [1] or [2], wherein when the root mean square slope of the uneven surface is defined as Δq and the root mean square wavelength of the uneven surface is defined as λq, Δq is 0.250 μm/μm or more and λq is 17.000 μm or less.

[4] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein Rq is 0.300 μm or more when the root mean square roughness of the uneven surface is defined as Rq.

[5] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the haze of JIS K7136:2000 is 40% to 98%.

[6] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the antiglare layer comprises a binder resin and particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm to 10.0 μm.

[7] The antiglare film according to [6], wherein D/T is 0.20 to 0.96 inclusive, when T is defined as the thickness of the antiglare layer and D is defined as the average particle diameter of the particles.

[8] The antiglare film according to [6] or [7], wherein the particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

[9] The antiglare film according to any one of [6] to [8], which comprises inorganic particles as the above particles.

[10] The antiglare film according to [9], which further comprises organic particles as the above particles.

[11] The antiglare film according to [10], wherein the inorganic particles are amorphous inorganic particles, and the mass ratio of the amorphous inorganic particles to the organic particles is 5:1 to 1:1.

[12] The antiglare film according to any one of [6] to [10], wherein the antiglare layer further comprises inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1nm to 200 nm.

[13] The antiglare film according to any one of [6] to [12], wherein the binder resin comprises a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition and a thermoplastic resin.

[14] The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [13], wherein the antiglare film further comprises an antireflection layer on the antiglare layer, and the surface of the antireflection layer is the uneven surface of the antiglare film.

[15] A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element, a first transparent protective plate disposed on one side of the polarizing element, and a second transparent protective plate disposed on the other side of the polarizing element,

The antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [14] wherein at least one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate is disposed so that a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface faces the polarizing element.

[16] A surface plate for an image display device, wherein a protective film is laminated on a resin plate or a glass plate, wherein the protective film is an antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [14], and a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface is disposed so as to face the resin plate or the glass plate.

[17] An image display panel comprising a display element and an optical film disposed on a light emission surface side of the display element, wherein the image display panel comprises the antiglare film according to any one of [1] to [14] as the optical film, and is disposed such that a surface of the antiglare film on the uneven surface side faces an opposite side to the display element.

[18] An image display device comprising the image display panel of [17], wherein the antiglare film is disposed on the outermost surface.

Examples

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise indicated, "parts" and "%" are mass references.

1. Determination and evaluation

The antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated as described below. The atmosphere at the time of measurement and evaluation was set to a temperature of 23.+ -. 5 ℃ and a relative humidity of 40% to 65%. Before each measurement and evaluation is started, the object sample is exposed to the atmosphere for 30 to 60 minutes, and then the measurement and evaluation are performed. The results are shown in Table 1 or Table 2.

1-1 Measurement of specular gloss

Samples (sample size: 10cm in the longitudinal direction x 10cm in the lateral direction) were produced by laminating a black sheet (KURARAY Co., trade name "COMOGLASSDFA CG 502K (black) system), total light transmittance 0%, thickness 2mm, and refractive index 1.49) on the transparent base side of the antiglare films of examples and comparative examples with a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (PANAC Co., trade name" PANACLEAN PD-S1", refractive index 1.49) having a thickness of 25 μm.

The 60-degree specular gloss and the 20-degree specular gloss on the concave-convex surface side of the sample were measured using a gloss meter (trade name "GM-26PRO" by the institute of color technology, village). In order to stabilize the light source, the power switch of the device was turned on in advance, and then the device was waited for 15 minutes or more, and after standard alignment was performed by using a standard plate attached to the device, the sample was measured. The standard alignment was set on the sample stage so that the black glass surface of the standard plate became the measurement surface, and the standard plate was adjusted to a predetermined value by the span adjustment knob. In addition, based on the description of the text of the specification, each sample was measured at 16, and the average value at 16 was taken as 60-degree specular gloss and 20-degree specular gloss for each of examples and comparative examples.

1-2 Measurement of the coefficient of variation of luminance

As an image display device having a display element with a pixel density of 424ppi, a trade name "Xperia (registered trademark) Z5E 6653" of sony corporation was prepared. The antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were laminated on the surface opposite to the uneven surface with a transparent adhesive medium (FUJICOPIAN, trade name "FIXFILM HGA") therebetween. The transparent adhesive medium has a transparent adsorption layer, a transparent base material with a thickness of 50 μm, and a transparent adhesive layer in this order. At this time, the transparent adhesive medium is bonded so that the adsorption layer side of the transparent adhesive medium is the image display device side and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer side of the transparent adhesive medium is the antiglare film side opposite to the uneven surface.

As a CCD camera, a camera was prepared in which a camera lens (trade name "AI AF Micro-Nikkor 60mm f/2.8D" from Nikon Co., ltd.) was attached to a camera body (cooling CCD camera [ Bitran Co., ltd. "BU-63M", pixel pitch: 5.5. Mu.m. Times.5. Mu.m, pixel count: 1600 ten thousand pixels, pixel count: 4896X 3264 ]).

Next, the image display device and the CCD camera to which the antiglare film was attached were arranged so that the distance from the surface of the display element to the entrance pupil of the camera lens provided in the CCD camera was 500mm. The effective F value of the camera lens was set to 36.4.

The focus of the CCD camera is adjusted to be aligned with the surface of the display element, and the image display device is photographed in a state of green display in a darkroom environment. The green display referred to herein means a display at a single maximum gray scale ((R, G, B) = (0,255,0)) among the constituent primary colors of the display.

At the time of photographing, the exposure time is adjusted so that the gradation of the obtained data does not exceed the upper limit and the lower limit of the gradation region, and the data is obtained.

The region α of 128×128 pixels of the image pickup element required for calculation of the fluctuation coefficient of the luminance is extracted from the image data thus obtained. The above-mentioned area α is subdivided into areas of every 8×8 pixels, resulting in 256 small areas. In each small region, the brightness of each pixel in each small region is divided by the average brightness of all pixels in each small region to obtain corrected brightness. The standard deviation of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas, and the variation coefficient of the luminance is calculated.

As described in the text of the present invention, in the method for measuring the luminance fluctuation coefficient of the present invention, the luminance of each pixel in each small region is divided by the average luminance of all the pixels in each small region, so that the luminance unevenness inherent to the display element can be corrected. In the method for measuring the luminance variation coefficient of the present invention, the standard deviation of the corrected luminance is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance, and therefore the standard deviation is not affected by the absolute value of the luminance specific to the display element.

Based on the description of the text of the specification, measurement was performed at 16 points for each sample, and the average value at 16 points was used as the variation coefficient of the luminance of each example and comparative example.

1-3 Measurement of surface shape

The sample produced by 1-1 was set on a measuring table so as to be in a fixed and closely adhered state using a white interference microscope (trade name "New View 7300"), and then the surface shape of the antiglare film was measured and analyzed under the following conditions. As the measurement software, a plurality of images were automatically connected and measured using a trade name "MetroPro ver9.0.10 (64-bit) Microscope Stitching Application" of Zygo corporation. Microscope Application of MetroPro ver9.0.10 (64-bit) was used for the analysis.

(Measurement conditions)

An objective lens: 50 times of

ImageZoom:1 time of

Stitch Controls

Type：Column&Row

N Cols：3

N Rows：3

Overlap(％)：10

Measurement area: 611 μm×611 μm

CAMERA RES (resolution): 0.44 μm

·Instrument：NewView7000 Id 0SN 073395

·Acquisition Mode：Scan

·Scan Lemgth：10μmbipolar(2sec)

·Camera Mode：496x496 70Hz

·Subtract Sys Err：Off

·Sys Err File：SysErr.dat

·AGC：Off

·Phase Res：High

·Connection Order：Location

·Discon Action：Filter

·Min Mod(％)：0.01

·Min Area Size：7

·Remove Fringes：Off

·Number of Averages：0

·FDA Noise Threshold：10

·Scan Length：10um bipolar(3sec)

·Extended Scan Length：1000μm

·FDA Res：High 2G

(Analysis conditions)

·Removed：None

·Data Fill：On

·Data Fill Max：10000

·Filter：HighPass

·FilterType：GaussSpline

·Filter Window Size：3

·Filter Trim：Off

·Filter Low wavelength：800μm

·Min Area Size：0

·Remove spikes：On

·Spike Height(xRMS)：2.5

"Low waveLength" corresponds to "cut-off value λc" in the roughness parameter.

"Rms" is displayed on the Surface Map screen, and the numerical value is defined as "Rq" in the measurement region. In addition, "rms" is displayed on the Slope Map screen, and the numerical value thereof is defined as "Δq" of the measurement area. Further, values of Rq and Δq are substituted into the above formula (a), and "λq" is calculated.

1-4 Total light transmittance (Tt) and haze (Hz)

The antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were cut into 10cm squares. The cutting site is selected from random sites, after visually confirming that there are no abnormal points such as dirt and flaws. The total light transmittance of each sample was measured by using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by color technology research, village) and the haze of JIS K7136:2000.

In order to stabilize the light source, the power switch of the apparatus was turned on in advance, and then the apparatus was left to stand for 15 minutes or longer, and calibration was performed without providing any components in the inlet opening (the portion where the measurement sample was provided), and then the measurement sample was provided in the inlet opening to perform measurement. The light incident surface at the time of measurement is the transparent substrate side.

1-5 Antiglare properties 1 (antiglare properties in the direction of regular reflection)

The sample prepared in 1-1 was placed on a horizontal table having a height of 70cm with the concave-convex surface facing upward, and reflection of illumination light onto the concave-convex surface was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria under an ambient environment in a bright room, based on an angle which became the specular reflection direction of illumination light. At the time of evaluation, the position of the sample with respect to the illumination was adjusted so that the incident angle of the light emitted from the center of the illumination with respect to the sample B was 10 degrees. For illumination, a straight-tube three-wavelength neutral white fluorescent lamp of Hf32 type was used, and the illumination position was set to a height of 2m upward in the vertical direction from the horizontal stand. The evaluation was performed in a range where illuminance on the concave-convex surface of the sample was 500lux or more and 1000lux or less. The line of sight of the observer is set to be about 160cm from the ground. Observers were 20 persons selected from healthy persons aged 30 years with vision above 0.7.

< Evaluation criterion >

A: more than 16 persons answer person who can not judge lighting outline and lighting position

A-: answer 11 or 15 or less persons who cannot judge lighting outline and lighting position at all

B: the answer is no more than 10 persons who can judge the outline of the illumination and the position of the illumination at all. Further, among persons who do not answer as above, the proportion of persons who answer to be able to judge the outline of illumination and the position of illumination with ambiguity is less than half.

C: the answer is no more than 10 persons who can judge the outline of the illumination and the position of the illumination at all. Further, among the persons who do not answer as above, the proportion of persons who answer to be able to judge the outline of illumination and the position of illumination with ambiguity is half or more.

1-6 Antiglare properties 2 (antiglare properties at various angles)

The reflection of illumination light onto the uneven surface was evaluated in the same manner as 1 to 5 except that the samples produced by 1 to 1 were held with both hands and evaluated while changing the height and angle of the samples. The angle change is performed in a range in which the angle of incidence of the light emitted from the center of the illumination with respect to the sample is 10 degrees to 70 degrees.

1-7 Dazzling

As an image display device having a display element with a pixel density of 424ppi, a trade name "Xperia (registered trademark) Z5E 6653" of sony corporation was prepared. The antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were laminated on the surface opposite to the uneven surface by means of a transparent adhesive film (FUJICOPIAN, trade name "FIXFILM HGA") on the image display device. The transparent adhesive film has an adsorption layer, a base material having a thickness of 50 μm, and an adhesive layer in this order. At this time, the transparent adhesive film is bonded so that the adsorption layer side of the transparent adhesive film is the image display device side and the adhesive layer side of the transparent adhesive film is the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface.

The image display device to which the antiglare film was attached was placed on a horizontal stand, and the image display device was allowed to display green, and from all angles above 50cm from the antiglare film, it was visually evaluated whether or not the glare at the site to which the antiglare film was attached was apparent. The environment was evaluated under a bright room environment (illuminance on an antiglare film is 500-1000lux. Illumination: straight tube three-wavelength neutral white fluorescent lamp of Hf 32. Illumination position is height 2m above vertical direction from a horizontal stage).

The case where no glare was perceived was set to 3 points, the case where no glare was satisfied was set to 2 points, the case where strong glare was perceived was set to 0 points, and the evaluation was performed by 20 subjects. Average scores of the 20-person evaluations were calculated and ranked according to the following criteria. The 20 subjects were 5 in each age group ranging from 20 years old to 50 years old.

< Evaluation criterion >

A: average is above 2.5

B: average is more than 2.0 and less than 2.5

C: average is 1.5 or more and less than 2.0

D: average score is less than 1.5

1-8 Transmission image definition

The antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were cut into 10cm squares. The cutting site is selected from random sites, after visually confirming that there are no abnormal points such as dirt and flaws. The transmission image clarity of the sample was measured in accordance with JIS K7374:2007 using a mappability measuring instrument (trade name: ICM-1T) manufactured by Suga Test Instruments. The width of the optical comb is 5 of 0.125mm, 0.25mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0 mm. The light incident surface at the time of measurement is the transparent substrate side. The values of C _0.125、C_0.25、C_0.5、C_1.0 and C _2.0, and the total value of C _0.125、C_0.5、C_1.0 and C _2.0 are shown in Table 2.

1-9 Scratch resistance

The uneven surfaces of the antiglare films of examples and comparative examples were attached to the base of a vibration/abrasion tester. Steel wool #0000 (trade name "BONSTAR B-204" manufactured by Japanese Steel wool Co., ltd.) was set. The steel wool was brought into contact with the concave-convex surface, and the steel wool was reciprocated 10 times while applying a load at a moving speed of 100 mm/sec and a moving distance of 1 reciprocation of 200 mm. The contact area of the steel wool with the sample was 2cm×2cm.

Then, each sample was visually observed under illumination of a fluorescent lamp to confirm the number of flaws. At this time, the illuminance on the antiglare film was 800lux or more and 1200lux or less, and the observation distance was 30cm. For each antiglare film, the maximum load per unit area (g) at which no flaw was observed after the test was confirmed. For each antiglare film, an experiment was performed with n=2, and the average value of the maximum load was calculated and evaluated according to the following criteria. Comparative examples 1 and 2, in which the antiglare property was evaluated as C, and comparative example 3, in which the glare was evaluated as D, were not evaluated for scratch resistance.

< Evaluation criterion >

A: a maximum load of 200g or more

B: a maximum load of 150g or more and less than 200g

C: maximum load less than 150g

1-10. Black feeling of paint

The sample produced by 1-1 was placed on a horizontal table having a height of 70cm with the concave-convex surface facing upward. The position of the sample relative to the illumination is adjusted such that the light of the strongest exit angle of the exit light from the illumination is just not incident on the sample. With the foregoing adjustment, the position of the sample with reference to the observer is arranged on the side farther from the observer than the positions of the samples of 1 to 5.

The sample was placed at the above-described position, and the degree of reflected scattered light was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. The line of sight of the observer is set to be about 160cm from the ground. Observers were healthy 20 persons with a vision of 0.7 or more. The 20 persons are 5 persons from each age group of 20 years old to 50 years old. Comparative examples 1 and 2, in which the antiglare property was evaluated as C, and comparative example 3, in which the glare was evaluated as D, were not evaluated for the black feeling.

< Evaluation criterion >

A: people with good black feeling feel for more than 14 people

B: 7 or more and 13 or less people who feel good black paint

C: 6 people with good black feeling

2. Manufacture of antiglare film

Example 1

An antiglare layer coating liquid 1 of the following formulation was applied onto a transparent substrate (triacetyl cellulose resin film (TAC) having a thickness of 80 μm, fuji film Co., ltd., TD80 UL), dried at 70℃and a wind speed of 5m/s for 30 seconds, and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays under a nitrogen atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 200ppm or less so that the cumulative light amount became 100mJ/cm ², to form an antiglare layer, to obtain an antiglare film of example 1. The thickness of the antiglare layer was 5.0 μm. The surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.012 μm.

The antiglare layers of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were produced by the method of (d 1) in the text of the specification.

Example 2

An antiglare film of example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 was changed to the antiglare layer coating liquid 2 described below and the antiglare layer thickness was changed to 6.5 μm.

Examples 3, 6, 7 and 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3

An antiglare film of examples 3, 6, 7, 8 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 was changed to the antiglare layer coating liquids 3 to 9 described below.

Example 4

An antireflection layer was formed on the antiglare layer of the antiglare film of example 1 by sputtering to obtain an antiglare film of example 4. The antireflection layer has a multilayer structure in which a low refractive index layer of 10nm in thickness composed of SiO ₂, a high refractive index layer of 25nm in thickness composed of Nb ₂O₅, a low refractive index layer of 35nm in thickness composed of SiO ₂, a high refractive index layer of 40nm in thickness composed of Nb ₂O₅, and a low refractive index layer of 104nm in thickness composed of SiO ₂ are laminated in this order. As a result of measuring the refractive index of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer by Bei Kefa, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer was 2.32, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer was 1.45.

Example 5

The antiglare film of example 5 was obtained by applying the low refractive index layer coating liquid 1 having the following formulation onto the antiglare layer of the antiglare film of example 2, drying at 70℃and a wind speed of 5m/s for 30 seconds, and then irradiating with ultraviolet light under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration: 200ppm or less) so that the cumulative light amount became 100mJ/cm ². The low refractive index layer had a thickness of 0.10 μm and a refractive index of 1.32.

Example 9

An antiglare film of example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in example 5, except that the antiglare film of example 8 was used instead of the antiglare film of example 2.

Example 10

An antiglare layer coating liquid 11 of the following formulation was applied to a transparent substrate (triacetyl cellulose resin film (TAC) having a thickness of 80 μm, fuji film Co., ltd., TD80 UL), and dried at 70℃and a wind speed of 5m/s for 60 seconds, and then irradiated so that the cumulative light amount became 60mJ/cm ², to form an antiglare layer. The antiglare layer had a thickness of 8.0 μm. Next, the antiglare film of example 11 was obtained by applying the low refractive index layer coating liquid 1 onto the antiglare layer, drying at 70 ℃ at a wind speed of 2m/s for 30 seconds, and then irradiating with ultraviolet light under a nitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration of 200ppm or less) so that the cumulative light amount became 100mJ/cm ².

The antiglare layers of example 10 and comparative example 4 were produced by the phase separation method of (d 2) of the text of the specification.

Comparative example 4

An antiglare layer coating liquid 10 of the following formulation was applied to a transparent substrate (polyethylene terephthalate resin film (PET) having a thickness of 100 μm, mitsubishi chemical corporation, diafoil), and dried at 80℃and a wind speed of 5m/s for 60 seconds, and then irradiated so that the cumulative light amount became 100mJ/cm ², to form an antiglare layer, to obtain an antiglare film of comparative example 4. The thickness of the antiglare layer was 9.0 μm. The surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface had an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.014 μm.

Comparative example 5

An antiglare film of comparative example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in comparative example 4 except that the antiglare layer coating liquid was changed to the antiglare layer coating liquid 12 having the following formulation and the thickness of the antiglare layer was changed to 7.0 μm.

Comparative example 6

An antiglare film of comparative example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in comparative example 4 except that the antiglare layer coating liquid was changed to the antiglare layer coating liquid 13 having the following formulation.

Comparative example 7

An antiglare film of comparative example 7 was obtained in the same manner as in comparative example 4 except that the antiglare layer coating liquid was changed to the antiglare layer coating liquid 14 having the following formulation and the thickness of the antiglare layer was changed to 6.0 μm.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 1>

Pentaerythritol triacrylate 80 parts

(Japanese chemical Co., ltd., trade name: KAYARAD-PET-30)

Urethane acrylate oligomer 20 parts

(DIC company, trade name: V-4000 BA)

25 Parts of silica particles

(Average particle diameter: 4.1 μm)

(Amorphous silica gel method manufactured by FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL Co., ltd.)

10 Parts of organic particles

(Water-logging end product Co., ltd., spherical polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer)

(Average particle diameter 2.0 μm, refractive index 1.515)

(The proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 1.8 to 2.2 μm is 90% or more)

Photopolymerization initiator 3 parts

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 2 parts

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

0.2 Part of organosilicon leveling agent

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: TSF4460 )

233.0 Parts of solvent (toluene)

Solvent (Cyclohexanone) 27.1 parts

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 2>

The coating liquid was composed of the same composition as the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 except that the organic particles of the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 were changed to organic particles having an average particle diameter of 3.5 μm and a refractive index of 1.515 (the ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 3.3 to 3.7 μm was 90% or more, of the spherical polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer, of the water-accumulating finished product company), the silica particles were changed to silica particles having an average particle diameter of 6.0 μm (the gel-method amorphous silica manufactured by FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL company), and the amount of silica particles added was changed from 25 parts to 20 parts.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 3>

The antiglare layer coating liquid 1 was a coating liquid having the same composition as the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 except that the amount of the organic particles added was changed from 10 parts to 0 parts and the amount of the silica particles added was changed from 25 parts to 30 parts.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 4>

Pentaerythritol triacrylate 51.4 parts

(Japanese chemical Co., ltd., trade name: KAYARAD-PET-30)

Urethane acrylate oligomer 23.7 parts

(DIC company, trade name: V-4000 BA)

24.9 Parts of thermoplastic resin

(Acrylic Polymer, mitsubishi, inc., molecular weight 75,000)

59.3 Parts of organic particles

(Average particle diameter 2.5 μm, refractive index 1.515)

(The proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 2.3 to 2.7 μm is 90% or more)

215 Parts of inorganic microparticle Dispersion

( Silica having a reactive functional group introduced into the surface thereof, solvent, and chemical company of Nissan: MIBK, solid component: 35.5% )

(Average particle diameter 12 nm)

(Active ingredient of inorganic microparticle: 76.3 parts)

Photopolymerization initiator 1.5 parts

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

4.8 Parts of photopolymerization initiator

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

0.2 Part of organosilicon leveling agent

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: TSF4460 )

317.6 Parts of solvent (toluene)

15.0 Parts of solvent (cyclohexanone) 121.1 parts of solvent (methyl isobutyl ketone)

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 5>

The antiglare layer coating liquid 4 was a coating liquid having the same composition as the antiglare layer coating liquid 4 except that the amount of the organic particles added was changed from 59.3 parts to 43.3 parts and the amount of the inorganic fine particle dispersion silica particles added was changed from 215 parts to 182 parts.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 6>

The antiglare layer coating liquid 1 was a coating liquid having the same composition as the antiglare layer coating liquid 1 except that the amount of silica particles added was changed from 25 parts to 20 parts.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 7>

65 Parts of pentaerythritol triacrylate

(Japanese chemical Co., ltd., trade name: KAYARAD-PET-30)

35 Parts of urethane acrylate oligomer

(DIC company, trade name: V-4000 BA)

14 Parts of organic particles

(Average particle diameter 3.5 μm, refractive index 1.550)

6 Parts of silica particles

(Average particle diameter: 12 nm)

(Fumed silica manufactured by AEROSIL Co., ltd., japan)

Photopolymerization initiator 5 parts

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

0.025 Parts of organosilicon leveling agent

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: TSF4460 )

100 Parts of solvent (toluene)

Solvent (cyclohexanone) 20 parts

Solvent (isopropanol) 55 parts

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 8>

Pentaerythritol triacrylate 100 parts

(Japanese chemical Co., ltd., trade name: KAYARAD-PET-30)

Silica particles 7 parts

(Average particle diameter: 4.1 μm)

(Amorphous silica gel method manufactured by FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL Co., ltd.)

Photopolymerization initiator 5 parts

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

0.2 Part of organosilicon leveling agent

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: TSF4460 )

Solvent (toluene) 150 parts

35 Parts of solvent (MIBK)

Solvent (ethyl acetate) 5.2 parts

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 9>

The coating liquid was composed of the same composition as the antiglare layer coating liquid 8 except that the addition amount of silica particles in the antiglare layer coating liquid 8 was changed from 7 parts to 14 parts.

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 10>

Acrylic Polymer 15.0 parts

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: cyclomer P)

Cellulose acetate propionate 3 parts

(Eastman Co., trade name: CAP-482-20)

150 Parts of an acrylic ultraviolet curable compound containing nanosilica

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: UVHC7800G )

Silicone acrylate 1 part

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: EB 1360)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

101 Parts of solvent (methyl ethyl ketone)

24 Parts of solvent (1-butanol)

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 11>

Isobornyl methacrylate-containing oligomer 5.0 parts

Pentaerythritol triacrylate 30 parts

120 Parts of an acrylic ultraviolet curable compound containing nanosilica

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: UVHC7800G )

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

115 Parts of solvent (isopropanol)

40 Parts of solvent (MIBK)

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 12>

Acrylic Polymer 12.5 parts

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: cyclomer P)

Cellulose acetate propionate 5.5 parts

(Eastman Co., trade name: CAP-482-20)

149 Parts of nanosilica-containing acrylic ultraviolet curable compound

( Momentive Performance Materials company, trade name: UVHC7800G )

0.1 Part of fluorine-based Compound

(NEOS Co., ltd., trade name: ftergent A)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

129 Parts of solvent (methyl ethyl ketone)

24 Parts of solvent (1-butanol)

13 Parts of solvent (1-methoxy-2-propanol)

< Antiglare layer coating solution 13>

Acrylic Polymer 12.5 parts

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: cyclomer P)

Cellulose acetate propionate 4 parts

(Eastman Co., trade name: CAP-482-20)

210 Parts of an acrylic ultraviolet curable compound containing nanosilica

(Manufactured by Nissan catalyst chemical Co., ltd., HP-1004)

Silicone acrylate 1 part

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: EB 1360)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

31 Parts of solvent (methyl ethyl ketone)

24 Parts of solvent (1-butanol)

12 Parts of solvent (1-methoxy-2-propanol)

< Antiglare layer coating liquid 14>

47.5 Parts of acrylic Polymer

(DAICEL-ALLNEX company, trade name: cyclomer P)

Cellulose acetate propionate 1.5 parts

(Eastman Co., trade name: CAP-482-20)

79.5 Parts of urethane acrylate

(New Zhongcun chemical Co., trade name: U-15 HA)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B.V. company, trade name: omnirad 184)

Photopolymerization initiator 1 part

(IGM RESINS B. V. Company, trade name: omnirad 907)

175 Parts of solvent (methyl ethyl ketone)

28 Parts of solvent (1-butanol)

2 Parts of solvent (1-methoxy-2-propanol)

< Coating liquid for Low refractive index layer 1>

100 Parts by mass of the multifunctional acrylate composition

(Trade name "New front MF-001" manufactured by first Industrial pharmaceutical Co., ltd.)

200 Parts by mass of hollow silica particles

(Particles having an average primary particle diameter of 75nm and surface-treated with a silane coupling agent having a methacryloyl group)

110 Parts by mass of solid silica particles

(Particles having an average primary particle diameter of 12.5nm and surface-treated with a silane coupling agent having a methacryloyl group)

13 Parts by mass of an organosilicon leveling agent

(Xinyue chemical Co., ltd., trade name "X-22-164E")

4.3 Parts by mass of photopolymerization initiator

(IGM RESINS company, trade name "Omnirad 127")

14,867 Parts by mass of solvent

( Mixed solvent of methyl isobutyl ketone and acetic acid-1-methoxy-2-propyl ester. Mass ratio=68/32 )

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

From the results of table 1, it was confirmed that the antiglare film of the examples was excellent in antiglare property and capable of suppressing glare.

Description of the reference numerals

10: Transparent substrate

20: Antiglare layer

21: Binder resin

22: Particles

100: Antiglare film

110: Display element

120: Image display panel

200: Transparent adhesive medium

31: Camera body

32: Lens

300: CCD camera

500: Fixing tool

600: Horizontal table

700: Observers

Claims

1. An antiglare film comprising an antiglare layer, wherein the antiglare film has an uneven surface, has a 60-degree specular gloss measured from the uneven surface side of 30.0 or less, has a luminance variation coefficient of 0.0400 or less,

Measurement of the coefficient of variation of luminance

Attaching a surface of the antiglare film on the opposite side of the uneven surface to an image display device having a display element with a pixel density of 424 ppi; in a darkroom, displaying the image of the image display device in green, and shooting the image from the antiglare film side by using a CCD camera to obtain image data; the CCD camera uses a CCD camera with 5.5 μm x 5.5 μm pixel pitch and 1600 ten thousand pixels pixel number; a distance from the surface of the display element to an entrance pupil of a camera lens provided in the CCD camera is 500mm; extracting a region α of 128×128 pixels from the obtained image data; subdividing the region alpha into regions of 8 x8 pixels each, resulting in 256 small regions; dividing the brightness of each pixel of each small area by the average brightness of all pixels of each small area in each small area to obtain corrected brightness; the standard deviation of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas is divided by the average value of the corrected luminance of the 256 small areas, and the variation coefficient of the luminance is calculated.

2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the 20-degree specular gloss measured from the concave-convex surface side is 6.0 or less.

3. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein when the root mean square slope of the uneven surface is defined as Δq and the root mean square wavelength of the uneven surface is defined as λq, Δq is 0.250 μm/μm or more and λq is 17.000 μm or less.

4. The antiglare film according to claim 1 or 3, wherein Rq is 0.300 μm or more when the root mean square roughness of the uneven surface is defined as Rq.

5. The antiglare film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the haze of JIS K7136:2000 is 40% to 98%.

6. The antiglare film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antiglare layer comprises a binder resin and particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm or more and 10.0 μm or less.

7. The antiglare film according to claim 6, wherein when the thickness of the antiglare layer is defined as T and the average particle diameter of the particles is defined as D, D/T is 0.20 to 0.96 inclusive.

8. The antiglare film according to claim 6, wherein the particles are contained in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.

9. The antiglare film according to claim 6, comprising inorganic particles as the particles.

10. The antiglare film according to claim 9, further comprising organic particles as the particles.

11. The antiglare film according to claim 10, wherein the inorganic particles are amorphous inorganic particles, and a mass ratio of the amorphous inorganic particles to the organic particles is 5:1 to 1:1.

12. The antiglare film according to claim 6, wherein the antiglare layer further comprises inorganic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1nm to 200 nm.

13. The antiglare film according to claim 6, wherein the binder resin comprises a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition and a thermoplastic resin.

14. The antiglare film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an antireflection layer is further provided on the antiglare layer, and a surface of the antireflection layer is the concave-convex surface of the antiglare film.

15. A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element, a first transparent protective plate disposed on one side of the polarizing element, and a second transparent protective plate disposed on the other side of the polarizing element,

The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first transparent protective plate and the second transparent protective plate is disposed so that a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface faces the polarizing element.

16. A surface plate for an image display device, wherein a protective film is laminated on a resin plate or a glass plate, wherein the protective film is the antiglare film according to claim 1, and a surface of the antiglare film opposite to the uneven surface is disposed so as to face the resin plate or the glass plate.

17. An image display panel having a display element and an optical film disposed on a light emission surface side of the display element, wherein the image display panel includes the antiglare film according to claim 1 as the optical film, and is disposed such that a surface on the uneven surface side of the antiglare film faces an opposite side to the display element.

18. An image display device comprising the image display panel according to claim 17, wherein the antiglare film is disposed on the outermost surface.