CN118149762A - High-precision measurement comprehensive method for super high-rise building floor elevation transfer - Google Patents
High-precision measurement comprehensive method for super high-rise building floor elevation transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN118149762A CN118149762A CN202410327682.0A CN202410327682A CN118149762A CN 118149762 A CN118149762 A CN 118149762A CN 202410327682 A CN202410327682 A CN 202410327682A CN 118149762 A CN118149762 A CN 118149762A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005570 vertical transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/10—Plumb lines
- G01C15/105—Optical plumbing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision measurement comprehensive method for delivering the elevation of a storey of an ultra-high-rise building, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing: preparing instrument equipment, selecting a measuring path for elevation transmission according to a design drawing, and setting an elevation measuring datum line; s2, installing a laser plumb meter, centering, leveling and casting: installing a laser plumb meter on a measurement datum point on a first floor slab or a foundation slab, centering and leveling, starting the laser plumb meter, upward casting laser on a laser receiving target arranged on a floor to be transmitted with elevation, and marking; s3, fixedly mounting a ranging prism base on a tripod of the total station, centering and leveling, and placing a ranging prism; s4, mounting a total station, and transmitting station setting and zenith elevation; s5, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod through temperature difference correction of the elevation, and copying and measuring the reference elevation of the floor with the planned transfer elevation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of super high-rise building construction, in particular to a high-precision measurement comprehensive method for super high-rise building floor elevation transfer.
Background
Currently, the method for transmitting elevation of super high-rise buildings is mostly a steel ruler direct measurement method and a suspended steel ruler method. The steel ruler is used for directly measuring the design height difference vertically upwards by a certain determined elevation of the bottom layer at the positions of the steel ruler along the outer wall, the side column or the elevator cab and the like of the structure, so that the design elevation of the construction layer is obtained. The method for suspending the steel rule is to suspend a steel rule at the outer wall or the elevator shaft or the vertical casting reserved hole, respectively arrange level gauges on the ground and the floor, and transmit the elevation to the floor.
The number of super high-rise buildings is increased, the heights of the buildings are increased, and by the end of 2022, the number of super high-rise buildings with the height of more than 300 meters built in China is more than 100, and a plurality of buildings reach the height of more than 500 meters. For an ultra-high building (with the height exceeding 300 meters), a steel rule 101 direct measurement method and a suspension steel rule method are used, and due to the limitation of the length of the steel rule, the height of the building exceeds the length of a whole rule (50 meters), elevation transmission is needed to be carried out in stages (at least 6 times), so that errors are accumulated, and the sectional transmission needs more personnel and has low efficiency; in addition, the measurement result can be influenced to a certain extent by obstacles, wind power and pulling force. Therefore, by using the traditional elevation transfer method, the manpower and material resources are required to be large, the efficiency is low, the error is large, and the construction elevation control of the ultra-high building can not be completed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision measurement comprehensive method for delivering the elevation of a storey of a super high-rise building, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a high-precision measurement comprehensive method for delivering the floor elevation of an ultra-high-rise building, which comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing: preparing instrument equipment, selecting a measuring path for elevation transmission according to a design drawing, and setting an elevation measuring datum line, wherein the preparing instrument equipment comprises: preparing one total station with a prism-free measurement function, two measurement tripods for the total station, one set of flat head ranging prisms, one 5-meter leveling rod, one long-range double-high type laser plumb instrument and a laser plumb instrument for receiving a light target;
s2, installing a laser plumb meter, centering, leveling and casting: installing a laser plumb meter on a measurement datum point on a first floor slab or a foundation slab, centering and leveling, starting the laser plumb meter, upward casting laser on a laser receiving target arranged on a floor to be transmitted with elevation, and marking;
s3, fixedly mounting a ranging prism base on a tripod of the total station, centering and leveling, and placing a ranging prism;
s4, mounting a total station, and transmitting station setting and zenith elevation;
s5, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod through temperature difference correction of the elevation, and copying and measuring the reference elevation of the storey of the to-be-transferred elevation;
in step S4, the installation of the total station, station setting and zenith elevation transfer, includes:
s41, after the laser plumb instrument is removed, arranging a total station instrument at a vertical measurement datum point position on a first floor slab or a foundation slab, and centering and leveling;
s42, determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to a measurement elevation datum line positioned on the wall surface or the cylindrical surface of the first layer or the foundation slab;
S43, after instrument elevation setting of the total station is completed, setting a measuring mode of the total station and a measuring constant K of a distance measuring prism;
S44, station measurement setting is carried out on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set;
and S45, after the total station is set up, rotating an objective lens of the total station to the zenith position, and measuring the distance of a distance measuring prism of the floor to which the elevation is to be transferred.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, selecting the measurement path for the elevation transfer according to the design drawing includes: selecting a vertical casting internal control reserved hole as a measuring path for elevation transmission; setting an elevation measurement datum line comprises: and setting an elevation measurement datum line on the wall surface or the cylindrical surface near the measurement datum point.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, after the laser plumb is centered and leveled, laser beams are respectively and upwardly cast at four positions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees and 360 degrees, marks are respectively made on laser receiving targets of floors to be transferred, and the intersection points of diagonal lines of four laser casting points on the laser receiving targets are taken as final formal laser casting points.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the ranging prism base is fixedly installed on the tripod of the total station and centered and leveled, and the ranging prism is placed, including:
S31, adjusting three leveling bolts of the prism base, after the lengths of exposed screw threads of the three leveling bolts are equal, adhering and fixing the three leveling bolts by using an adhesive tape, loosening a base fixing bolt, adjusting the base to enable the center of the base to coincide with the circle center of a round hole on the top surface of the tripod, and then tightening the base fixing bolt to fix the prism base on the tripod;
S32, arranging a tripod and a ranging prism base at the intersection point of diagonal lines of four laser projection points on the floor laser receiving target to be transmitted for centering;
s33, after centering is completed, leveling the base by utilizing the extension and contraction of three legs of the tripod, so that the base is horizontal;
s34, integrally translating the tripod and the base after the base is leveled, so that the base is centered with the laser projection point on the laser receiving target of the floor to be transferred elevation again;
s35, centering the base again, and leveling the base again by using the extension and contraction of the three legs of the tripod after centering is completed, so that the base is horizontal;
s36, repeating the operation process of the step S34, and completing the centering operation of the base again;
S37, repeating the operations of the steps S33 to S36 until the centering and leveling operation of the base is completed;
s38, loosening a base fixing bolt to remove the base, and keeping the tripod relatively fixed;
S39, marking cross control lines perpendicular to each other on the top surface of the tripod by using a marker pen, enabling intersection points of the cross lines to coincide with circle centers of round holes on the top surface of the tripod, and then marking mark points on the outer side wall of the distance measuring prism by using the marker pen at positions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively, so that intersection points of mark point connecting lines on the outer side wall of the prism and the center of the distance measuring prism are on the same straight line;
s40, reversely placing the front surface of the ranging prism on the top surface of the tripod downwards, so that marking points on the side wall outside the ranging prism are correspondingly overlapped with cross control lines on the top surface of the tripod.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S42, determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the measured elevation reference line located on the first floor or the wall surface or the cylindrical surface of the foundation slab includes: and measuring the distance by using the total station according to the rear view measuring elevation datum line of the prism measuring-free mode, measuring the height difference between the total station and the measuring elevation datum line, and determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the elevation of the measuring elevation datum line and the measured height difference so as to determine the Z coordinate of the total station.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S44, station setting is performed on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set, including: setting station setting coordinates of the total station, wherein the N coordinate and the E coordinate are set to 0, the station setting coordinates of the total station are (0, Z), and the Z coordinate is the instrument elevation of the total station determined in the step S42, and then setting measurement parameters, wherein the measurement parameters comprise a ranging prism measurement constant, temperature and atmospheric pressure.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S45, after the total station is set up, the objective lens of the total station is rotated to the zenith position, and the ranging prism for the floor to be transferred with the elevation is measured, including: after the total station is set up, the total station is placed at the zenith position, so that the vertical angle V=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the zenith measuring distance is upwards carried out at the horizontal angle HA=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the three-dimensional coordinate of the D1 point is obtained; and (3) the total rotation station is used for measuring at the positions of horizontal angles HA=90 degrees 0'0', HA=180 degrees 0'0', HA=270 degrees 0'0', three-dimensional coordinates of measuring points D2, D3 and D4 are obtained, and if the worse vertical coordinates Z of any two points of the measured points D1, D2, D3 and D4 are less than 1mm, the average value H1 of the vertical coordinates Z of the four measuring points D1, D2, D3 and D4 is taken as the measured vertical coordinates, so that the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod is calculated and determined by correcting the temperature difference of the elevation, and the reference elevation of the storey to which the elevation is to be transferred is measured by shoveling, including:
S51, after ranging is completed, carrying out temperature difference correction on the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod positioned on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod, and reading the reference elevation of the floor with the elevation to be transferred by using a leveling instrument and a leveling rod according to the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, and recording;
S52, carrying out the transfer calculation of the floor vertical elevation of the to-be-transferred elevation according to the following formula: b=h1+a-h+Δt, wherein H is the floor reference elevation to be transferred; h1 is the elevation of the top surface of the tripod of the floor to be transferred before temperature difference correction; a is the reading of a leveling rod on the top surface of a rear-view tripod of the leveling instrument; b is the reading of a leveling rod of the leveling instrument, which is used for looking forward at the elevation datum line of the tripod roof to be transmitted at the elevation floor of 1.0 meter or 0.5 meter; Δt is a temperature difference deformation correction value, Δt=λ (t 0-tn) ×d, t0 is a temperature of the building at the time of first measurement, tn is a temperature of the building at the time of n measurements, and λ is a temperature deformation coefficient of the building to be measured; d: the distance from the standard line of the elevation floor to the measuring standard point is to be transmitted, D=H2-H2+a-b, H0 is the elevation of the standard line which is positioned at the first floor of the building and used for vertical transmission of the elevation;
And S53, a leveling instrument and a leveling rod are used for the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation to copy and measure the reference elevation of the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation according to the reference elevation H of the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation.
In a preferred embodiment, in preparation, a 400mmX2mm steel plate is arranged at a reserved hole of a top plate of a floor where an elevation measurement datum line is arranged, 4 phi 12mm expansion bolts are used for fixing the steel plate on the floor, and a phi 20mm round hole is formed in the center of the steel plate so that the elevation is transferred through the round hole in the steel plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention solves the problem that the traditional method is limited by height, can transfer upwards from the same datum point with high precision, directly reads the instrument, eliminates the vertical temperature difference deformation error, the manual error and the accumulated error of the super high-rise building, has high measuring speed, high efficiency and high measuring precision, and can improve the working efficiency by more than 50 percent;
2) The method creatively brings the vertical temperature difference deformation of the super high-rise building into the calculation of the elevation transfer, effectively eliminates the influence of the temperature difference deformation of the super high-rise building on the elevation transfer, and remarkably improves the measurement precision of the elevation transfer of the super high-rise building.
3) The invention combines the laser vertical instrument with the total station instrument, fully plays the characteristic of high vertical measurement precision of the laser vertical instrument, overcomes the defect of low orientation precision of the directional laser carried by the total station instrument, reduces the error of zenith eccentric distance measurement of the total station instrument and improves the measurement precision.
4) The invention uses the combination of the ranging prism, the base with the leveling function and the common measurement tripod to replace the special elevation transfer measurement device, thereby reducing the cost of purchasing the special measurement device. The super high-rise building elevation transmission can be completed by using a common total station, a laser plumb, a prism base with a leveling function, a tripod, a leveling instrument, a leveling rod and other measuring instruments for super high-rise building measurement, and the super high-rise building elevation transmission device has the advantages of high measurement precision (the measurement precision can reach millimeter level), high measurement speed (the operation time can be shortened by more than half), high working efficiency (the efficiency can be improved by more than 50 percent), simplicity and convenience in operation and good popularization value in super high-rise building measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art vertical transfer of elevation by a suspended steel rule method;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a high-precision measurement comprehensive method for delivering the floor elevation of the super high-rise building;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the present invention for delivering elevation at a storey of a super high rise building;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 3.
Reference numerals illustrate:
The device comprises a 101-steel ruler, a 102-line weight, a 103-damping device, a 104-level sight, a 301-tripod, a 302-ranging prism, a 303-total station, a 305-level, a 306-level, a 401-steel plate, a 402-expansion bolt and a 403-round hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Embodiments of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the high-precision measurement and integration method for the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
Step S1, preparing, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing an instrument device: one total station with the prism-free measurement function is prepared, two measuring tripods for the total station, one 50mm flat head ranging prism set (comprising a base with the leveling and centering functions) is adopted, one 5m leveling rod is adopted, one long-range double-high type laser plumb instrument (1 second precision, the range needs to exceed the height of a building to be measured), and the 200mmX200mm laser plumb instrument receives a light target.
(2) According to the design drawing, a measuring path for elevation transfer is selected, and an elevation measuring datum line is set: and selecting the vertical casting internal control reserved hole as a measuring path for elevation transmission.
(3) Setting an elevation measurement datum line comprises: an elevation measurement datum line is set on a wall surface or a cylindrical surface near the measurement datum point, and the first layer 1.0 meter elevation datum line 304 can be selected in the embodiment.
(4) The measuring constant K of the flat head ranging prism with the diameter of 50mm is measured.
S2, installing a laser plumb meter, centering, leveling and casting: and installing a laser plumb meter on a measurement datum point on the first floor slab or the foundation slab, centering and leveling, starting the laser plumb meter, upward casting laser on a laser receiving target arranged on the floor to be transmitted with elevation, and marking.
As shown in fig. 4, a 400mmX2mm steel plate 401 is arranged at a reserved hole of a top plate of a floor where an elevation measurement datum line is arranged, and is fixed on a floor by 4 phi 12mm expansion bolts 402, and a phi 20mm round hole 403 is formed in the center of the steel plate so that the elevation is transferred through the round hole 403 on the steel plate 401.
Further, in step S2, after the laser vertical alignment is flattened, laser beams are respectively and upwardly cast at four positions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees and 360 degrees, marks are respectively made on the laser receiving targets of the floors to be transferred, and the intersection points of diagonal lines of four laser casting points on the laser receiving targets are taken as final formal laser casting points.
And S3, fixedly mounting a ranging prism base on the tripod 301 of the total station, centering and leveling, and placing a ranging prism 302. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
S31, adjusting three leveling bolts of the prism base, after the lengths of exposed screw threads of the three leveling bolts are equal, adhering and fixing the three leveling bolts by using an adhesive tape, loosening a base fixing bolt, adjusting the base to enable the center of the base to coincide with the circle center of a round hole on the top surface of the tripod, and then tightening the base fixing bolt to fix the prism base on the tripod.
S32, arranging a tripod and a ranging prism base at the intersection point of the diagonals of four laser projection points on the floor laser receiving target to be transmitted, and centering.
And S33, after centering is completed, leveling the base by utilizing the extension and contraction of the three legs of the tripod, so that the base is horizontal.
S34, integrally translating the tripod and the base after the base is leveled, so that the base is centered with the laser projection point on the laser receiving target of the floor to be transferred elevation again. Note that: the tripod should be moved horizontally while keeping the spatial relative position of the three legs of the tripod unchanged.
And S35, centering the base again, and leveling the base again by utilizing the extension and contraction of the three legs of the tripod after centering is completed, so that the base is horizontal.
S36, repeating the operation process of the step S34, and completing the centering operation of the base again.
S37, repeating the operations of the steps S33 to S36 until the centering and leveling operation of the base is completed.
S38, loosening a base fixing bolt to remove the base, and keeping the tripod relatively stationary.
S39, marking cross control lines perpendicular to each other on the top surface of the tripod by using a marker so that the intersection point of the cross lines coincides with the circle center of a round hole on the top surface of the tripod, and then marking points at the positions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees on the outer side wall of the distance measuring prism by using the marker so that the intersection point of the connecting lines of the marking points on the outer side wall of the prism and the center of the distance measuring prism are on the same straight line.
S40, reversely placing the front surface of the ranging prism on the top surface of the tripod downwards, so that marking points on the side wall outside the ranging prism are correspondingly overlapped with cross control lines on the top surface of the tripod.
Step S4, the total station 303 is installed, and the station setting and zenith elevation are transmitted. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
And S41, after the laser plumb instrument is removed, arranging the total station 303 at the position of the vertical measurement datum point on the first floor slab or the foundation slab, and centering and leveling. After the operation is finished, firstly removing the lifting handle of the total station, and then rechecking the centering and leveling condition of the total station again to ensure the centering and leveling of the total station.
S42, determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the measuring elevation datum line 304 on the wall surface or the cylindrical surface of the first layer or the foundation slab.
S43, after instrument elevation setting of the total station is completed, setting a measuring mode of the total station and a measuring constant K of a distance measuring prism.
S44, station measurement setting is carried out on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set.
And S45, after the total station is set up, rotating an objective lens of the total station to the zenith position, and measuring the distance of a distance measuring prism of the floor to which the elevation is to be transferred.
Further, in step S42, determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the measurement elevation reference line located on the first floor or the wall surface or the cylindrical surface of the foundation slab includes: and (3) ranging by using the total station according to a rear-view measurement elevation datum line in a prism measurement-free mode, measuring the height difference between the total station and the measurement elevation datum line, and determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the elevation of the measurement elevation datum line and the measured height difference, namely determining the Z coordinate of the total station.
Further, in step S44, station measurement setting is performed on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set, including: setting station setting coordinates of the total station, wherein the N coordinate and the E coordinate are set to 0, the station setting coordinates of the total station are (0, Z), and the Z coordinate is an instrument elevation of the total station determined in the step S42, and then setting measurement parameters including a ranging prism measurement constant, a temperature, an atmospheric pressure, and the like.
Further, in step S45, after the total station is set up, the objective lens of the total station is rotated to the zenith position, and the ranging prism for the floor to be transferred with the elevation is measured, including: after the total station is set up, the total station is placed at the zenith position, so that the vertical angle V=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the zenith measuring distance is upwards carried out at the horizontal angle HA=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the three-dimensional coordinate of the D1 point is obtained; and (3) the rotary total station is used for measuring at the positions of horizontal angles HA=90 degrees 0'0', HA=180 degrees 0'0', HA=270 degrees 0'0', three-dimensional coordinates of measuring points D2, D3 and D4 are obtained, and if the worse vertical coordinates Z of any two points of the measured points D1, D2, D3 and D4 are less than 1mm, the average value H1 of the vertical coordinates Z of the four measuring points D1, D2, D3 and D4 is taken as the measured vertical coordinates, namely the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod. The principle of 'selecting time and selecting machine' should be followed during measurement to reduce the influence of adverse factors such as vibration on the measurement precision so as to effectively improve the measurement precision.
S5, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod through temperature difference correction of the elevation, and copying and measuring the reference elevation of the floor with the planned transfer elevation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
S51, after ranging is completed, carrying out temperature difference correction on the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod positioned on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod, and reading the reference elevation 307 of the floor with the elevation to be transferred by using a leveling instrument 305 and a leveling rod 306 according to the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, and recording;
S52, carrying out the transfer calculation of the floor vertical elevation of the to-be-transferred elevation according to the following formula: b=h1+a-h+Δt, wherein H is the floor reference elevation to be transferred; h1 is the elevation of the top surface of the tripod of the floor to be transferred before temperature difference correction; a is the reading of a leveling rod on the top surface of a rear-view tripod of the leveling instrument; b is the reading of a leveling rod of the leveling instrument, which is used for looking forward at the elevation datum line of the tripod roof to be transmitted at the elevation floor of 1.0 meter or 0.5 meter; Δt is a temperature difference deformation correction value, Δt=λ (t 0-tn) ×d, t0 is the temperature of the building at the time of first measurement, tn is the temperature of the building at the time of n times of measurement, λ is the temperature deformation coefficient of the building to be measured (λ≡0.00001/°c for the reinforced concrete structure building and λ≡ 0.000012/°c for the steel structure building); d: the distance from the standard line of the elevation floor (1 meter elevation line or 0.5 meter elevation line) to the measuring standard point is to be transmitted, D=H20+a-b, H0 is the elevation of the standard line which is positioned at the first floor of the building and used for vertical transmission of the elevation;
and S53, a 1-meter elevation line (or 0.5-meter elevation line) of the floor with the to-be-transferred elevation is obtained by copying and measuring the to-be-transferred elevation by using a leveling instrument and a leveling rod on the floor with the to-be-transferred elevation according to the standard elevation H of the floor with the to-be-transferred elevation.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A high-precision measurement comprehensive method for delivering the elevation of a storey of an ultra-high-rise building is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, preparing: preparing instrument equipment, selecting a measuring path for elevation transmission according to a design drawing, and setting an elevation measuring datum line, wherein the preparing instrument equipment comprises: preparing one total station with a prism-free measurement function, two measurement tripods for the total station, one set of flat head ranging prisms, one leveling rod, one long-range double-high laser plumb instrument and a laser plumb instrument for receiving a light target;
s2, installing a laser plumb meter, centering, leveling and casting: installing a laser plumb meter on a measurement datum point on a first floor slab or a foundation slab, centering and leveling, starting the laser plumb meter, upward casting laser on a laser receiving target arranged on a floor to be transmitted with elevation, and marking;
s3, fixedly mounting a ranging prism base on a tripod of the total station, centering and leveling, and placing a ranging prism;
s4, mounting a total station, and transmitting station setting and zenith elevation;
s5, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod through temperature difference correction of the elevation, and copying and measuring the reference elevation of the storey of the to-be-transferred elevation;
in step S4, the installation of the total station, station setting and zenith elevation transfer, includes:
s41, after the laser plumb instrument is removed, arranging a total station instrument at a vertical measurement datum point position on a first floor slab or a foundation slab, and centering and leveling;
s42, determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to a measurement elevation datum line positioned on the wall surface or the cylindrical surface of the first layer or the foundation slab;
S43, after instrument elevation setting of the total station is completed, setting a measuring mode of the total station and a measuring constant K of a distance measuring prism;
S44, station measurement setting is carried out on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set;
and S45, after the total station is set up, rotating an objective lens of the total station to the zenith position, and measuring the distance of a distance measuring prism of the floor to which the elevation is to be transferred.
2. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, selecting a measurement path for elevation transfer according to a design drawing includes: selecting a vertical casting internal control reserved hole as a measuring path for elevation transmission; setting an elevation measurement datum line comprises: and setting an elevation measurement datum line on the wall surface or the cylindrical surface near the measurement datum point.
3. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, after the laser vertical instrument is centered and leveled, laser beams are respectively and upwardly cast at four positions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees and 360 degrees, marks are respectively cast on laser receiving targets of floors to be transmitted, and intersection points of diagonal connecting lines of four laser casting points on the laser receiving targets are taken as final formal laser casting points.
4. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, fixing the ranging prism base on the tripod of the total station and centering and leveling, placing the ranging prism, including:
S31, adjusting three leveling bolts of the prism base, after the lengths of exposed screw threads of the three leveling bolts are equal, adhering and fixing the three leveling bolts by using an adhesive tape, loosening a base fixing bolt, adjusting the base to enable the center of the base to coincide with the circle center of a round hole on the top surface of the tripod, and then tightening the base fixing bolt to fix the prism base on the tripod;
S32, arranging a tripod and a ranging prism base at the intersection point of diagonal lines of four laser projection points on the floor laser receiving target to be transmitted for centering;
s33, after centering is completed, leveling the base by utilizing the extension and contraction of three legs of the tripod, so that the base is horizontal;
s34, integrally translating the tripod and the base after the base is leveled, so that the base is centered with the laser projection point on the laser receiving target of the floor to be transferred elevation again;
s35, centering the base again, and leveling the base again by using the extension and contraction of the three legs of the tripod after centering is completed, so that the base is horizontal;
s36, repeating the operation process of the step S34, and completing the centering operation of the base again;
S37, repeating the operations of the steps S33 to S36 until the centering and leveling operation of the base is completed;
s38, loosening a base fixing bolt to remove the base, and keeping the tripod relatively fixed;
S39, marking cross control lines perpendicular to each other on the top surface of the tripod by using a marker pen, enabling intersection points of the cross lines to coincide with circle centers of round holes on the top surface of the tripod, and then marking mark points on the outer side wall of the distance measuring prism by using the marker pen at positions of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees respectively, so that intersection points of mark point connecting lines on the outer side wall of the prism and the center of the distance measuring prism are on the same straight line;
s40, reversely placing the front surface of the ranging prism on the top surface of the tripod downwards, so that marking points on the side wall outside the ranging prism are correspondingly overlapped with cross control lines on the top surface of the tripod.
5. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S42, determining an instrument elevation of the total station according to a measurement elevation datum line located on a wall surface or a cylindrical surface of the first floor or the foundation slab, including: and measuring the distance by using the total station according to the rear view measuring elevation datum line of the prism measuring-free mode, measuring the height difference between the total station and the measuring elevation datum line, and determining the instrument elevation of the total station according to the elevation of the measuring elevation datum line and the measured height difference so as to determine the Z coordinate of the total station.
6. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of super high-rise building floor elevation transfer according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S44, station measurement setting is performed on the total station, and three-dimensional coordinates of the total station are set, including: setting station setting coordinates of the total station, wherein the N coordinate and the E coordinate are set to 0, the station setting coordinates of the total station are (0, Z), and the Z coordinate is the instrument elevation of the total station determined in the step S42, and then setting measurement parameters, wherein the measurement parameters comprise a ranging prism measurement constant, temperature and atmospheric pressure.
7. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of the transmission of the floor elevation of the super high-rise building according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S45, after the total station is set up, the objective lens of the total station is rotated to the zenith position, and the ranging prism for the floor to be transferred with the elevation is measured, including: after the total station is set up, the total station is placed at the zenith position, so that the vertical angle V=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the zenith measuring distance is upwards carried out at the horizontal angle HA=0 degree 0'0' of the total station, and the three-dimensional coordinate of the D1 point is obtained; and (3) the total rotation station is used for measuring at the positions of horizontal angles HA=90 degrees 0'0', HA=180 degrees 0'0', HA=270 degrees 0'0', three-dimensional coordinates of measuring points D2, D3 and D4 are obtained, and if the worse vertical coordinates Z of any two points of the measured points D1, D2, D3 and D4 are less than 1mm, the average value H1 of the vertical coordinates Z of the four measuring points D1, D2, D3 and D4 is taken as the measured vertical coordinates, so that the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod is obtained.
8. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of super high-rise building floor elevation transfer according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod is calculated and determined by correcting the temperature difference of the elevation, and the reference elevation of the storey of the to-be-transferred elevation is measured, including:
S51, after ranging is completed, carrying out temperature difference correction on the elevation value of the top surface of the tripod positioned on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, calculating and determining the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod, and reading the reference elevation of the floor with the elevation to be transferred by using a leveling instrument and a leveling rod according to the final elevation of the top surface of the tripod on the floor with the elevation to be transferred, and recording;
S52, carrying out the transfer calculation of the floor vertical elevation of the to-be-transferred elevation according to the following formula: b=h1+a-h+Δt, wherein H is the floor reference elevation to be transferred; h1 is the elevation of the top surface of the tripod of the floor to be transferred before temperature difference correction; a is the reading of a leveling rod on the top surface of a rear-view tripod of the leveling instrument; b is the reading of a leveling rod of the leveling instrument, which is used for looking forward at the elevation datum line of the tripod roof to be transmitted at the elevation floor of 1.0 meter or 0.5 meter; Δt is a temperature difference deformation correction value, Δt=λ (t 0-tn) ×d, t0 is a temperature of the building at the time of first measurement, tn is a temperature of the building at the time of n measurements, and λ is a temperature deformation coefficient of the building to be measured; d: the distance from the standard line of the elevation floor to the measuring standard point is to be transmitted, D=H2-H2+a-b, H0 is the elevation of the standard line which is positioned at the first floor of the building and used for vertical transmission of the elevation;
And S53, a leveling instrument and a leveling rod are used for the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation to copy and measure the reference elevation of the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation according to the reference elevation H of the floor with the to-be-transmitted elevation.
9. The method for high-precision measurement and integration of super high-rise building floor elevation transfer according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in preparation, a 400mmX400mmX2mm steel plate is arranged at a reserved hole of a top plate of a floor where an elevation measurement datum line is arranged, 4 phi 12mm expansion bolts are fixed on a floor, and a phi 20mm round hole is formed in the center of the steel plate so that the elevation is transferred through the round hole in the steel plate.
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