CN118131492A - Photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device, and belongs to the field of zooming lens structures. The invention comprises a first lens unit and a second lens unit which are arranged in parallel, wherein the first lens unit and the second lens unit both comprise a light-transmitting substrate, and an optical vortex generating layer is arranged on the upper surface of the light-transmitting substrate, the optical vortex generating layer structure of the first lens unit and the optical vortex generating layer structure of the second lens unit are both formed by developing Alvarez configurations, and the generation method of the optical vortex generating layer comprises the following steps: a spiral phase is introduced in the cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, making the first and second lens units a combination of a zoom lens and a spiral phase plate. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device can realize dynamic zooming and generate vortex light, and has the advantages of small size, high focusing efficiency, high dynamic performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of zoom lens structures, in particular to a photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device based on an Alvarez configuration.
Background
Optical Vortex (OV) is a special light field with spiral phase exp (il phi), with Orbital angular momentum (Orbital AngularMomentum, OAM), with annular beam intensity distribution and spiral structured wave fronts. Where l is defined as the topological charge (Topological Charge) of the optical vortex and phi is the spatial direction angle. The eigenvalue of OAM isAnd in theory, the topology charge can take any integer, which provides a new degree of freedom for various applications of optical vortex in optical communication systems, and is widely focused due to practical application of the optical vortex in nanoparticle operation and multiplexing optical communication, especially in the fields of optical communication, optical tweezers technology, optical rotation, quantum coding and the like, vortex beam has become an important branch of the optical field at present. OAM, as an inherent property of photons, has theoretically infinite topological charge values and different OAM modes are orthogonal to each other, providing the possibility of multidimensional information encoding for high speed information transfer.
Researchers have mastered many methods of generating light vortices with fixed Topological Charges (TC), such as geometric mode conversion, spiral phase plates, computer generated holograms and q-plates, all of which require a series of bulky photonic elements that must be aligned with each other and the physical free space distance between them cannot be simply reduced, which hinders the miniaturization and complexity reduction of such multi-element photonic systems, which does not lend themselves to more easy manufacturing, compactness and no alignment. Emerging applications based on OAM degrees of freedom may require photonic integrated circuits and devices to be miniaturized, high performance, and novel functionality. For this purpose, various mechanisms (such as super-surface and on-chip devices) are used to develop the compact OV generator, which provides a simple and powerful solution to achieve vortex filament, such as by splitting a laser beam into several beams using gratings, array illuminators, wedges, etc., and then generating multiple hollow annular spots by spiral phase plate or super-surface techniques, etc. However, these methods can only produce a plurality of annular spots in the lateral direction, and it is difficult to achieve focusing of the annular spots at a plurality of positions in the axial direction. In practical applications, stable and adjustable vortex light sources are required in order to fully utilize the orthogonal properties of vortex rotations of different orders. Furthermore, on-chip dynamically tunable vortex filament generators have also proven to have important applications in future oam multiplexing and quantum information processing systems.
Alvarez has proposed an interesting zoom system architecture in 1967, see document [1] [2]. The zoom system consists of two lenses, the zoom function can be realized by reversely moving the two lenses perpendicular to the optical axis direction, each lens comprises a plane and a free-form surface, wherein the free-form surface in the second lens is obtained by rotating the free-form surface in the first lens by 180 degrees. However, the existing Alvarez zoom lens is mainly engraved by glass, has very large size, is almost the same as the thickness of the existing spectacle lens, is not suitable for a micro-variable-focus microstructure device with small size, and moreover, the existing Alvarez zoom lens cannot control the generated orbital angular momentum mode and can only be changed by redesign.
Citation literature:
[1]Alvarez,L.W.,Two-element variable-power spherical lens.US.
[2]Lohmann,A.W.,A NEW CLASS OF VARIFOCAL LENSES.Applied Optics,1970.9(7):p.1669-&.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device which is based on Alvarez and can generate vortex light, thereby having the advantages of small size, high focusing efficiency and the like.
The invention relates to a photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device, which comprises a first lens unit and a second lens unit which are arranged in parallel, wherein the first lens unit and the second lens unit both comprise a light-transmitting substrate, and an optical vortex generating layer is arranged on the upper surface of the light-transmitting substrate, the optical vortex generating layer structure of the first lens unit and the optical vortex generating layer structure of the second lens unit are both formed by the evolution of an Alvarez configuration, and the generation method of the optical vortex generating layer comprises the following steps: a spiral phase is introduced in the cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, making the first and second lens units a combination of a zoom lens and a spiral phase plate.
Further, the first lens unit of the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device is a normal phase plate, the second lens unit is an inverse phase plate, and the phase distribution of the normal phase plate and the inverse phase plate is as follows:
Wherein, (X, y) is the phase distribution of the normal phase plate,/>(X, y) is the phase distribution of the inversion plate, (x, y) represents the in-plane position coordinates, A is a constant, and represents the cubic phase intensity, and the phase change rate in units of the inverse cubic length is determined, and λ is the wavelength.
Further, when the center of the first lens unit overlaps with the center of the second lens unit by a non-zero offset, a second total phase profile is imparted to the incident wavefront, expressed as:
Where d is the translational displacement of the normal and reverse phase plates in opposite directions, then the total shift from the center of the first lens unit to the center of the second lens unit is 2d, d3 is a constant term,
The focal length f is a function of the lateral displacement d, and its calculation formula is:
The incident wave front is utilized to endow the secondary total phase section expression, and the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device can be designed to any focal length adjusting range and different vortex states by adjusting parameters.
Further, the first lens unit and the second lens unit are plane lenses, and the light-transmitting substrate adopts a glass substrate.
As an improvement of the invention, the upper surface of the glass substrate is provided with a liquid crystal layer, and an ultrathin optical vortex generating layer is manufactured on the glass substrate by adopting a liquid crystal photo-orientation technology.
Further, the manufacturing method of the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device comprises the following steps: the capability of the liquid crystal molecules is obtained by utilizing light to act on the surface liquid crystal layer, so that the liquid crystal molecules are orderly arranged according to the designed phase, two complementary Alvarez positive and negative lens units are formed on two glass substrates, and the two lens units are aligned and overlapped to form the final variable focus lens.
As another improvement of the invention, the upper surface of the glass substrate is provided with a graphene oxide layer, and the optical vortex generating layer is prepared from the graphene oxide layer.
Further, the method for preparing the optical vortex generating layer by the graphene oxide layer comprises the following steps:
(1) Binarizing the phase distribution of the first lens unit and the second lens unit to ensure that the phase of each point is not 1, namely 0;
(2) And processing the graphene oxide layer with the phase of 0 by a light engraving machine to obtain the optical vortex generating layer structure.
Further, in the step (2), the method for processing the graphene oxide layer by the optical engraving machine includes: reducing the graphene oxide layer or etching away the graphene oxide layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by constructing an Alvarez configuration on the microstructure device and introducing a spiral phase into a cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, the invention can realize dynamic zooming and generate vortex light, and has the advantages of small size, high focusing efficiency, high dynamic performance and the like compared with the traditional method for generating vortex rotation;
Compared with the existing Alvarez lens, the device can reach the micron level, is lighter, thinner and smaller, meets the requirements of integration and miniaturization of the microstructure device, and has simpler preparation process and higher mass production efficiency;
The invention realizes longitudinal focus change through transverse micro displacement, can accurately make light beams incident to the center of the device in a required space, and couples the maximum energy of the light beams into the device;
By adjusting the phase design parameters of the lens unit, superposition of eddy currents with different topological charges can also be achieved, thereby further increasing the flexibility of its design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the solutions of the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the phase profiles of two lens units according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first lens unit or a second lens unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sample under polarized light microscopy according to the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of a phase distribution after binarization processing according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a sample structure under a microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the invention and the claims and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims or in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the described embodiments of the invention may be combined with other embodiments.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device 1 of the present invention includes a first lens unit 100 and a second lens unit 200 disposed in parallel, where each of the first lens unit 100 and the second lens unit 200 includes a light-transmitting substrate 400, and an optical vortex generating layer 300 disposed on an upper surface of the light-transmitting substrate 400, where the optical vortex generating layer structure of the first lens unit 100 and the optical vortex generating layer structure of the second lens unit 100 are both evolved from an Alvarez configuration, and the method for generating the optical vortex generating layer is as follows: a spiral phase is introduced in the cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, making the first lens unit 100 and the second lens unit 200 a combination of a zoom lens and a spiral phase plate.
In the Alvarez configuration, one lens obeys a cubic polynomial function and the other obeys the same function but of opposite sign. When the two lenses are driven laterally relative to one another, they combine to produce a tunable focal length lens. The invention improves the cubic polynomial function of Alvarez configuration, introduces a spiral phase into the cubic phase of Alvarez, and makes the cubic phase of Alvarez become a combination of two different optical devices, namely a zoom lens and a spiral phase plate.
In the invention, a first lens unit of the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device is a normal phase plate, and a second lens unit is an opposite phase plate, wherein the phase distribution of the normal phase plate and the opposite phase plate is as follows:
Wherein, (X, y) is the phase distribution of the normal phase plate,/>(X, y) is the phase distribution of the inversion plate, (x, y) represents the in-plane position coordinates, A is a constant, and represents the cubic phase intensity, and the phase change rate in units of the inverse cubic length is determined, and λ is the wavelength.
As shown in fig. 2, the left side is the phase profile of the normal phase plate, the middle is the phase profile of the reverse phase plate, and when the center of the first lens unit and the center of the second lens unit are overlapped with non-zero offset, a second total phase profile is given to the incident wavefront, specifically, see the total phase profile on the right side of fig. 2, and the expression of the total phase profile is:
where d is the translational displacement of the normal and reverse phase plates in opposite directions, then the total shift from the center of the first lens unit to the center of the second lens unit is 2d, d3 is a constant term.
In the present invention, the translational displacement d is adjustable, displacing the two surfaces laterally by each offset d in opposite directions (giving a total center-to-center offset 2 d). The constant term d3 is negligible, the quadratic term of the total phase profile is related to the quadratic term of the standard quadratic lens, and the focal length f can be found as a function of the lateral displacement d, and the calculation formula is:
the invention can easily design the lens to any focal length adjustment range and different vortex states by adjusting parameters by utilizing the incident wave front to give the second total phase section expression. As can be seen from fig. 5, the present invention can achieve focusing at different positions at different lateral displacements d.
The first lens unit 100 and the second lens unit 200 are planar lenses, and compared with the Alvarez lens which adopts a glass carving Alvarez configuration, a single lens is designed to be a plane and a curved surface, the lens unit is lighter and thinner, is miniaturized, and can realize the design of micron level.
The variable-focus microstructure device with the combination of the double lenses has the advantages that the size is not fixed, the design improvement can be carried out according to the needs, and the shape can be customized according to the needs, for example: round, square, etc.
By constructing an Alvarez configuration on the microstructure device and introducing a spiral phase into a cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, the invention can realize dynamic zooming and generate vortex light, and has the advantages of small size, high focusing efficiency, high dynamic performance and the like compared with the traditional method for generating vortex rotation;
Compared with the existing Alvarez lens, the device can reach the micron level, is lighter, thinner and smaller, meets the requirements of integration and miniaturization of the microstructure device, and has simpler preparation process and higher mass production efficiency;
The invention realizes longitudinal focus change through transverse micro displacement, can accurately make light beams incident to the center of the device in a required space, and couples the maximum energy of the light beams into the device;
By adjusting the phase design parameters of the lens unit, superposition of eddy currents with different topological charges can also be achieved, thereby further increasing the flexibility of its design.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention is manufactured using a liquid crystal photo-alignment technology as an embodiment of the present invention, and the first lens unit 100 and the second lens unit 200 of the present invention each include a glass substrate 400, a liquid crystal layer 500 is provided on the upper surface of the glass substrate 400, and an ultra-thin optical vortex generating layer 300 is manufactured on the glass substrate 400 using the liquid crystal photo-alignment technology.
The invention utilizes light to act on an alignment layer on the surface of liquid crystal so as to obtain the capability of liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules are orderly arranged according to the designed phase of FIG. 2, two complementary Alvarez positive and negative lenses are formed on two glass substrates, FIG. 4 is a polarized light micrograph of two sample structures, and the two polarized light micrographs are aligned and overlapped to form the final variable focus lens. Thereby producing an optical vortex beam that can be zoomed, the effect of which is shown in figure 1.
The invention is manufactured by adopting an advanced liquid crystal photo-alignment technology, has excellent performance, low cost and high efficiency, and not only realizes longitudinal focus displacement through transverse lens displacement, but also breaks through the traditional OAM beam generation structure with large volume.
As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5 to 8, the sample processing is performed using graphene oxide, which has the same function as an Alvarez lens made of liquid crystal.
And a graphene oxide layer is arranged on the upper surface of the glass substrate, and the optical vortex generating layer is prepared from the graphene oxide layer.
The lens processed by the method is lighter and thinner, the graphene oxide layer can be reduced to 0.5 micrometer or even thinner, the processing method is simple, the cost is low, and the mass production of subsequent businesses is facilitated.
The method for preparing the optical vortex generating layer by the graphene oxide layer comprises the following steps:
First, the phase distribution is binarized so that each point has a phase of not 1, that is, 0, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. And plating a graphene oxide layer with the thickness of 200 nanometers on the glass substrate, and processing the graphene oxide layer with the phase of 0 by a photo-engraving machine to obtain the optical vortex generating layer structure.
In this example, the method for processing the graphene oxide layer by the optical engraving machine includes: reducing the graphene oxide layer or etching away the graphene oxide layer.
In this example, the graphene oxide layer is etched, and the graphene lens with the radius of 1.8mm is finally obtained by burning off the position with the phase of 0 through a photo-engraving machine, as shown in fig. 8, and the functional effect of the graphene lens is proved to be consistent with that of the liquid crystal zoom lens.
The device can achieve continuous zoom of vortex light carrying different topological charges within the focus range involved, even the integration of two such Alvarez lenses would allow zoom imaging using fixed optical elements and fixed object and image positions.
Based on the Alvarez configuration, the invention provides a photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device, the generated focusing vortex beam can focus in a designed focusing range with high efficiency for different lateral displacements of Alvarez, an advanced liquid crystal photo-alignment technology is used for processing the system, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, meanwhile, the longitudinal focus displacement is realized through the lateral lens displacement, the traditional and large-volume OAM beam generating structure is broken through, and when OAM light is used, the transverse positions of two structures in the system can be finely adjusted, the beam can be accurately incident into the center of the device in a required space, and the maximum energy of the beam can be coupled into the device. Compared with the existing common optical vortex generator, the axial optical vortex generator based on the design has smaller volume and higher diffraction efficiency, can realize dynamic adjustment of the axial focus spot position, and can provide high-efficiency and reliable microparticle capture control. The adjustable vortex zoom lens can be applied to the fields of optical particle capturing, optical parallel micro-nano processing, optical super-resolution storage and the like of axial dynamic control.
The invention can be further applied to an AR display system to enhance imaging of virtual images of the real world at different depths.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which includes but is not limited to the embodiments, and equivalent modifications according to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device, characterized in that: comprises a first lens unit and a second lens unit which are arranged in parallel, wherein the first lens unit and the second lens unit both comprise a light-transmitting substrate, an optical vortex generating layer is arranged on the upper surface of the light-transmitting substrate, the optical vortex generating layer structure of the first lens unit and the optical vortex generating layer structure of the second lens unit are both evolved from an Alvarez configuration,
The generation method of the optical vortex generating layer comprises the following steps: a spiral phase is introduced in the cubic phase of the Alvarez configuration, making the first and second lens units a combination of a zoom lens and a spiral phase plate.
2. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 1 wherein: the first lens unit of the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device is a normal phase plate, the second lens unit is an inverse phase plate, and the phase distribution of the normal phase plate and the inverse phase plate is as follows:
Wherein, Is the phase distribution of the normal phase plate,/>The phase distribution of the inversion plate is represented by (x, y) in-plane position coordinates, a is a constant, and indicates the intensity of the cubic phase, and the phase change rate in the unit of the inverse cubic length is determined, and λ is the wavelength.
3. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 2 wherein: when the center of the first lens unit overlaps with the center of the second lens unit by a non-zero offset, a second total phase profile is imparted to the incident wavefront, expressed as:
Where d is the translational displacement of the normal and reverse phase plates in opposite directions, then the total shift from the center of the first lens unit to the center of the second lens unit is 2d, d3 is a constant term,
The focal length f is a function of the lateral displacement d, and its calculation formula is:
The incident wave front is utilized to endow the secondary total phase section expression, and the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device can be designed to any focal length adjusting range and different vortex states by adjusting parameters.
4. A photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein: the first lens unit and the second lens unit are plane lenses, and the light-transmitting substrate adopts a glass substrate.
5. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 4 wherein: the upper surface of the glass substrate is provided with a liquid crystal layer, and an ultrathin optical vortex generating layer is manufactured on the glass substrate by adopting a liquid crystal photo-orientation technology.
6. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 5 wherein: the manufacturing method of the photon orbital angular momentum dynamic zooming microstructure device comprises the following steps: the capability of the liquid crystal molecules is obtained by utilizing light to act on the surface liquid crystal layer, so that the liquid crystal molecules are orderly arranged according to the designed phase, two complementary Alvarez positive and negative lens units are formed on two glass substrates, and the two lens units are aligned and overlapped to form the final variable focus lens.
7. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 4 wherein: and a graphene oxide layer is arranged on the upper surface of the glass substrate, and the optical vortex generating layer is prepared from the graphene oxide layer.
8. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 7 wherein: the method for preparing the optical vortex generating layer by the graphene oxide layer comprises the following steps:
(1) Binarizing the phase distribution of the first lens unit and the second lens unit to ensure that the phase of each point is not 1, namely 0;
(2) And processing the graphene oxide layer with the phase of 0 by a light engraving machine to obtain the optical vortex generating layer structure.
9. The photonic orbital angular momentum dynamic zoom microstructure device of claim 8 wherein: in the step (2), the method for processing the graphene oxide layer by the optical engraving machine comprises the following steps: reducing the graphene oxide layer or etching away the graphene oxide layer.
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