CN118131478A - Head-up display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure relates to the technical field of intelligent cabins, in particular to a head-up display device. The head-up display device comprises a shell, a light guide assembly, an image source, a light splitting element and a detector, wherein the shell comprises a shell and a light-transmitting plate buckled on the shell; the light guide-in assembly is arranged outside the shell and comprises a preposed telescope lens; the light splitting element is arranged in the shell; the light guide component is used for conducting the ambient light to the light-transmitting plate so that the ambient light is incident to the light-splitting element through the light-transmitting plate, and the light-splitting element is used for dispersing the complex-color light incident to the light-splitting element so as to form spectrums with different wavelengths; the light splitting element is also used for turning the image light emitted by the image source to the inner surface of the light-transmitting plate so that the image light is transmitted through the light-transmitting plate to enter the projection medium; the detector is disposed within the housing for receiving the spectrum. The head-up display device can integrate an environment acquisition function and an image projection function into a whole, and is favorable for improving driving safety.

Description

Head-up display device

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of intelligent cabins, in particular to a head-up display device.

Background

When a vehicle runs through a road section with insufficient illumination or glare, heavy fog and dense smoke, the sight distance of the driver is short, the vehicle is easy to be disturbed by the environment, dangerous factors and hidden objects in the environment cannot be accurately identified, the driver is easy to be tired, and the vehicle has great potential safety hazard.

It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a head-up display device, which can obtain spectrum information of an external environment of a vehicle, and is beneficial to improving driving safety.

The present disclosure provides a head-up display device, including:

the shell comprises a shell body and a light-transmitting plate buckled on the shell body;

the light guide assembly is arranged outside the shell and comprises a front telescope lens;

The image source is arranged in the shell and is used for generating and transmitting image light rays;

the light-splitting element is arranged in the shell, the light guide component is used for conducting the ambient light entering the front telescope lens to the light-transmitting plate so that the ambient light enters the light-splitting element through the light-transmitting plate, and the light-splitting element is used for dispersing the multi-color light entering the light-splitting element so as to form spectrums with different wavelengths; the light splitting element is also used for turning the image light emitted by the image source to the inner surface of the light-transmitting plate so that the image light is transmitted through the light-transmitting plate to enter the projection medium;

And the detector is arranged in the shell and is used for receiving the spectrum.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light-transmitting plate has a slit region and a non-imaging region outside the slit region, the non-imaging region blocking light of the first wavelength band, the slit region transmitting light of the first wavelength band such that ambient light enters the light-splitting element through the slit region; wherein ambient light is imaged at the slit region to form a virtual object plane.

In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a first polarized reflective film is disposed on an outer surface of a non-imaging region of the light-transmitting plate, a polarization direction of the first polarized reflective film is consistent with a polarization direction of image light, ambient light is incident to the light-transmitting plate from a light-transmitting region of the windshield, the front telescope lens is disposed in the light-transmitting region, ambient light enters the front telescope lens from a light-collecting region within the light-transmitting region, a second polarized reflective film is disposed in a light-transmitting region outside the light-collecting region, and the polarization direction of the second polarized reflective film is opposite to that of the first polarized reflective film; the first polarization reflecting film is provided with a notch to form a slit area, and the slit area is provided with an antireflection film which is used for transmitting light rays of a first wave band.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the image light is in the visible light band, the first band of wavelengths being non-coincident with the visible light band.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light splitting element includes a reflective grating for allowing ambient light to enter the detector at one or more sets of non-zero orders of the reflective grating; the reflection grating is also used for enabling the image light to emit to the projection medium at the zero-order diffraction light of the reflection grating.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflective grating is a concave grating and the detector is positioned at a focus of ambient light at a first order diffraction of the concave grating.

In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the light splitting element includes a transmissive reflective film and a transmissive light splitting element, wherein the transmissive reflective film is disposed on an incident side of the transmissive light splitting element, the transmissive reflective film is configured to reflect image light emitted by the image source, and the transmissive reflective film is further configured to allow ambient light to pass through the transmissive reflective film and enter the transmissive light splitting element; the transmission light splitting element is used for splitting the ambient light to form a spectrum entering the detector.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmissive light splitting element comprises a transmissive grating for allowing ambient light to enter the detector at one or more sets of non-zero order diffracted rays of the transmissive grating; or, the transmission beam splitting element comprises a beam splitting prism, and the beam splitting prism is used for enabling the ambient light to enter the detector after being dispersed.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light splitting element includes a concave mirror and a convex grating, the concave mirror is disposed opposite the convex grating, the image source is disposed opposite the convex grating, and the detector is disposed opposite the concave mirror; the convex grating is used for turning image light rays emitted by the image source to the concave reflecting mirror, and the concave reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the image light rays to the projection medium; the concave reflector has a first reflective region and a second reflective region, and the concave reflector is further configured to: the first reflection area reflects the ambient light to the convex grating, and the second reflection area receives and reflects one or more groups of non-zero diffraction orders of the ambient light so that the diffraction light enters the detector.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an object point O of ambient light is reflected to a convex grating through a first reflection area, then diffracted to a second reflection area through the convex grating, and finally focused and imaged to an image point I through the second reflection area; the curvature circle of the reflecting surface of the first reflecting area, the curvature circle of the reflecting surface of the second reflecting area and the curvature circle of the convex grating are provided with an intersection point C, the object point O and the image point I are symmetrical about the intersection point C, and the point O, the point I and the point C are positioned in the same plane.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the head-up display device includes an acquisition controller for determining an exposure time t of a camera of the detector according to a yaw rate ω of a carrier on which the head-up display device is mounted and an instantaneous field angle θ _IFOV of a head-telescope lens, where ω=θ _IFOV/t.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the acquisition controller is further configured to send an intervention command for increasing the yaw rate ω of the carrier to ω Σ0 when the yaw rate ω of the carrier is smaller than the preset value ω0.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the image source is configured to generate and emit image light corresponding to display information according to the display information corresponding to the spectrum received by the detector.

In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the head-up display device includes a driving circuit board connected to the image source, the driving circuit board is further in communication with the detector, and the driving circuit board is further configured to obtain display information corresponding to the spectrum according to the spectrum received by the detector, and send the display information to the image source, so that the image source generates and emits image light corresponding to the spectrum.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a driving circuit board is in communication connection with an electronic controller of a carrier on which a head-up display device is mounted, the electronic controller or the driving circuit board is configured to determine a position of an object corresponding to ambient light according to a speed of the carrier and a spectrum received by a detector, and the driving circuit board is configured to generate display information corresponding to the spectrum according to the position of the object and transmit the display information to an image source; after the image source emits the image light corresponding to the spectrum to the projection medium, the image light reflected by the projection medium overlaps with the ambient light.

In operation, the head-up display device of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may, on the one hand, direct ambient light entering the front telescope lens to the light-transmitting plate via the light-directing assembly outside the housing. The ambient light is light with multiple colors, after entering the light splitting element through the light transmitting plate, the ambient light is dispersed under the light splitting action of the light splitting element, so that spectrums with different wavelengths are formed and enter the detector, after the detector receives the spectrum information of the ambient light, whether a hidden object or a dangerous source exists in the external environment or not can be identified through analysis of the spectrum, so that the head-up display device has an environment acquisition function; on the other hand, the light-splitting element can also turn the image light emitted by the image source to emit, so that a target virtual image for the driver to watch is formed in front of the driver, the head-up display device integrates the environment acquisition function and the image projection function, the capability of the driver for acquiring the vehicle driving information is further improved, and the driving safety is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.

For a better understanding of the present disclosure, reference may be made to the embodiments illustrated in the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale and related elements may be omitted in order to emphasize and clearly illustrate the technical features of the present disclosure. In addition, the relevant elements or components may have different arrangements as known in the art. Furthermore, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate identical or similar parts throughout the several views. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a heads-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light splitting element of an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a concave grating of an exemplary embodiment of a heads-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a light splitting element of yet another exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light splitting element of yet another exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a convex grating of an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle body coordinate and geodetic coordinate conversion calculation;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a detector scanning imaging of an exemplary embodiment of a heads-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between detector exposure time and detector rotational speed for an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between detector exposure time and detector rotational speed for an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between detector exposure time and detector rotational speed for an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure;

fig. 12 is a schematic overall architecture of an exemplary embodiment of a head-up display device of the present disclosure.

The reference numerals are explained as follows:

11. A housing; 12. a light-transmitting plate; 2. a light introduction assembly; 3. a spectroscopic element; 4. a detector; 5. an image source; 6. a windshield; 7. an eye box; 31. a concave grating; 32. a transmission grating; 321. a transmissive and reflective film; 322. a diffraction plane; 33. a correction mirror; 34. a concave mirror; 341. a first reflective region; 342. a second reflective region; 35. a convex grating; 8. an image conditioning mirror.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The example embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and it is therefore to be understood that various modifications and changes may be made to the example embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Unless otherwise defined or stated, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The present disclosure uses "first" and "second" etc. as labels only and does not limit the number or importance, order, or order of their objects. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The term "connected" may be either permanently connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The "communication connection" may be a wired communication connection or a wireless communication connection, or may be direct communication or may be indirect signal communication via an intermediate medium.

Further, in the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms of "inner", "outer", etc. described in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are merely used to indicate relative positional relationships. For convenience, the description is made in terms of the position and state of the head-up display device when actually operating, or the angles shown in the drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the example embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly, such changes not being an obstacle to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

In addition, the present disclosure describes an optical surface that is "concave" or "convex" with respect to the direction of light incident on that surface. For example, an optical surface is "concave", and a point on the incident light beam is farther from the center of the surface on the optical axis than the point is from the periphery of the surface.

For convenience in describing the solution of the present disclosure, a possible application scenario provided by the present disclosure is taken as an example of application to an automobile, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the carrier of the head-up display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may also include, for example, an sanitation vehicle, a fire engine, a military vehicle, and of course, may also be applied to fields of ships, aviation, and the like, for example, may be applied to aircrafts such as fighters and the like.

In the related art, a Head Up Display device (Head Up Display), also called Head Up Display device, abbreviated as HUD. The principle of the method is that important driving information such as speed per hour, navigation and the like is projected on a projection medium, such as a windshield 6 or a specially-made screen in a cockpit through a designed light path, light rays of image light rays reflected by the projection medium enter the range of a driver eye box 7, reverse extension lines of the light rays form a target virtual image at a preset position in front of a driver, potential safety hazards caused by low head watching of the driver for the display information of instruments or other driving auxiliary equipment are avoided, and driving safety is improved. For an augmented reality head-up display device (AR-HUD), related information can be combined with environmental information such as roads, vehicles, pedestrians and the like, and related functions of ADAS (ADVANCED DRIVING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM ) are fused, so that cabin intellectualization is further promoted.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the projection medium is a windshield 6 of a vehicle.

The present disclosure provides a head-up display device, referring to fig. 1-2, comprising a housing, a light guide assembly 2, a light splitting element 3, a detector 4, and an image source 5, wherein the housing comprises a housing 11, and a light-transmitting plate 12 fastened to the housing 11; the light guide-in assembly 2 is arranged outside the shell 11, and the light splitting element 3 is arranged inside the shell 11; the light introducing component 2 comprises a front telescope lens, a light transmitting plate 12 and a light splitting component 3, wherein the front telescope lens is used for conducting ambient light entering the front telescope lens to the light transmitting plate 12 so that the ambient light enters the light splitting component 3 through the light transmitting plate 12, and the light splitting component 3 is used for dispersing complex-color light entering the light splitting component 3 to form spectrums with different wavelengths; the detector 4 is arranged within the housing 11 for receiving the spectrum. The light-splitting element 3 is further used for turning the image light emitted by the image source 5 to the inner surface of the transparent plate 12, so that the image light enters the projection medium through the transparent plate 12.

In operation, the head-up display device of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may, on the one hand, direct ambient light entering the front telescopic lens through the light introduction assembly 2 outside the housing 11 to the light transmissive plate 12. The environment light is light with multiple colors, after entering the light splitting element 3 through the light transmitting plate 12, the light is dispersed under the light splitting action of the light splitting element 3, so that spectrums with different wavelengths are formed and enter the detector 4, after the detector 4 receives spectrum information of the environment light, whether hidden objects or dangerous sources exist in the external environment can be identified through analysis of the spectrums, and therefore the head-up display device has an environment collection function; on the other hand, the light-splitting element 3 can also turn the image light emitted by the image source 5 to emit, so that a target virtual image for the driver to watch is formed in front of the driver, the head-up display device integrates the environment acquisition function and the image projection function, the capability of the driver for acquiring the vehicle running information is further improved, and the driving safety is improved.

Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the pre-telescope lens is used to collect and image the optical information of the object radiation in the external environment at the image plane position, where any image point on the image plane contains the spatial and spectral information of the corresponding object point. The light-transmitting plate 12 has a slit region and a non-imaging region outside the slit region, wherein the non-imaging region is not capable of transmitting light of the first wavelength band, the slit region is capable of transmitting light of the first wavelength band, so that the ambient light collected by the light-guiding component 2 can only enter the light-splitting element 3 from the slit region, the slit region is coplanar with the image plane of the light-guiding component 2, and the ambient light is imaged in the slit region. After the imaging of the slit area, the light guiding component 2 continues to enter the light splitting element 3 in the housing 11, where the slit area corresponds to the virtual object plane of the light splitting system.

The light introducing component 2 may further include a turning mirror, for example, a front telescope lens is disposed above the front instrument panel of the vehicle, or is disposed at the position of the cab light shielding plate, and the main optical axis of the front telescope lens is consistent with the length direction of the vehicle; the housing of the head-up display device may be disposed below the instrument panel, and the turning mirror may be disposed at the position of the cab visor and adjacent to the front-facing telescope lens for turning the ambient light collected by the front-facing telescope lens to the light-transmitting plate 12. The turning mirror and the front telescope lens can form an off-axis long focusing system so as to ensure that external ambient light is focused in a slit area. In some exemplary embodiments, the light directing assembly 2 may also include a curved waveguide to effect angular turning of the external ambient light.

The head-up display device of the present disclosure receives spectrum information of an external environment by using the detector 4 to obtain an external environment condition, and specifically, the head-up display device may use a spectrum formed by ambient light in a certain band, for example, the head-up display device may use light in a first band to form a spectrum image, where the first band is located in a visible light band. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the head-up display device uses light in a non-visible light band, for example, the head-up display device may use an ultraviolet light band to form an ultraviolet spectrum or an infrared light band to form an infrared spectrum, which is more suitable for assisting a driver in an environment where the visible light is insufficient and the driver cannot clearly see the environment.

The detector 4 can be a linear array detector 4 or an area array detector 4, and is matched with a corresponding scanning mode to realize the acquisition of the target spectrum data. The detector 4 may be an infrared refrigerated detector 4 or an infrared uncooled detector 4, depending on the mode of operation. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of spectral channels collected by the detector 4 is tens to hundreds, the detector 4 is connected with a vehicle electronic controller (Electronic Control Unit, ECU) in a wired or wireless communication manner, and after the detector 4 obtains hyperspectral information of an object corresponding to ambient light, the hyperspectral information can be rapidly analyzed by combining with the vehicle electronic controller, and a voice prompt, an alarm or an intelligent auxiliary driving function is started through a whole vehicle driving auxiliary system. In an exemplary embodiment, the number of spectrum channels collected by the detector 4 is above 1000, the gas components of the external environment can be distinguished through the collected spectrum information, and when the vehicle runs in the dangerous gas environment, the vehicle electronic controller can identify and timely early warn through the driving auxiliary system.

The head-up display device comprises an image source 5 and a driving circuit board connected with the image source 5, wherein the driving circuit board is in communication connection with one or more of an instrument, a navigator and an electronic controller of a vehicle and is used for determining an image to be displayed, acquiring required display information and sending the display information to the image source 5, and the image source 5 is used for generating and emitting corresponding image light according to the display information.

Specifically, the image source 5 may be a display imaging device, or may be a virtual image or a real image formed by the display imaging device. For example, the display imaging device may include a liquid crystal screen, the backlight source of which may include one or more of a laser, a light emitting diode, an organic light emitting diode, an stimulated fluorescent luminescent material, a quantum dot excitation light source; the display imaging device can also comprise an active luminous lattice screen composed of luminous point light sources such as LEDs, OLEDs, plasma luminous points and the like; or the display imaging device may further include a projection imaging system based on, for example, digital Light Processing (DLP), liquid crystal on silicon (Liquid Crystal on Silicon, LCoS), liquid crystal display (Liquid CRYSTAL DISPLAY, LCD), or the like, driven by a light source such as LED, OLED, laser, fluorescent light, or a combination thereof, reflected or transmitted through a display panel such as digital micromirror display (Digital Micromirror Display, DMD), LCoS, LCD, or the like, and projected through a projection lens to form an image on a projection screen; the display imaging device may also include a laser light scanning (laser beam scanning, LBS) projection imaging system that scans the laser beam onto the screen to image. For another example, a real or virtual image of the display imaging device via one or more refractions or reflections may also be used as the image source. In the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the specific structural form of the image source 5 is not particularly limited as long as the pattern light having uniform brightness and satisfying the imaging requirement can be emitted.

The light-transmitting plate 12 may include a transparent substrate, for example, which may be made of an optical plastic such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), or the like, has good light transmittance, and may insulate moisture from impurities. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, image light emitted by the image source 5 is in the visible light band and the first band received by the detector 4 is in the infrared light band. The image source 5 is arranged to generate and emit image light having a first polarization state, for example an S-polarization state or a P-polarization state. The outer surface of the non-imaging region of the light-transmitting plate 12 is provided with a first polarizing reflective film having a polarizing direction identical to that of the image light for transmitting the image light of the first polarization state. The first polarized reflective film has a notch to form a slit region, and the slit region is provided with an antireflection film for improving the transmittance of ambient light of the infrared light band entering the inside of the housing 11 in the slit region.

The windscreen 6 has a light-passing area from which ambient light can be incident on the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate 12, and ambient light incident on the region of the windscreen 6 outside the light-passing area does not project onto the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate 12. The front telescope lens is arranged in a light collecting area in the light transmitting area, the light collecting area corresponds to a light entering area of the front telescope lens, and ambient light enters the front telescope lens from the light collecting area. The light transmitting area outside the light collecting area is provided with a second polarized reflecting film, and the polarized direction of the second polarized reflecting film is opposite to that of the first polarized reflecting film.

Therefore, for external ambient light, in the process of entering the vehicle through the light passing area, other light passes through the second polarized reflecting film except the ambient light entering the front telescope lens; when the ambient light enters the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate 12, the ambient light entering the non-imaging region is filtered by the first polarized reflective film, so that only the ambient light passing through the entrance slit region of the front telescope can enter the head-up display through the light-transmitting plate 12. For the image light, the first polarized reflective film and the image light have the same polarization direction, so the image light can be transmitted, and the image light is imaged on the windshield glass 6 by reflection on the inner surface of the windshield glass 6, so the second polarized reflective film can not filter the image light. The slit area is located on the focal plane of the light-introducing assembly 2, which corresponds to the image-side field stop of the light-introducing assembly 2, and therefore the length and width dimensions of the slit area together with the light-introducing assembly 2 determine the spatial field FOV (Field of View) of the optical system of the entire head-up display device, respectively. Meanwhile, since the slit region forming virtual object plane is located on the front focal plane of the spectroscopic element 3, the width of the slit region also affects the spectral resolution of the head-up display device of the present disclosure. Specifically, the smaller the width of the slit region, the higher the spectral resolution, but the lower the energy of the optical signal received by the detector 4, the lower the signal-to-noise ratio. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the effective pixel size calculation of the spectral image in the spectral dimension direction may be performed based on the first band of light wavelengths, the magnification of the light directing assembly 2 and the light splitting assembly, and the detector 4. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, a slit width of 10 μm and a slit length of 10mm may enable an ideal slit spectral image corresponding to each wavelength of the first band to be imaged in the spectral dimension direction within one pixel size of the detector 4.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light-transmitting plate 12 may be made of photonic crystals so as to have a unidirectional conduction effect on light of a specific wavelength, so as to achieve blocking of light of the first wavelength band by the non-imaging region and transmission of light of the first wavelength band by the slit region.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light splitting element 3 comprises a reflection grating for letting ambient light enter the detector 4 at one or more sets of non-zero order diffracted light of the reflection grating; the reflection grating is also used for enabling the image light to emit to the projection medium at the zero-order diffraction light of the reflection grating. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, for the external ambient light of the reflection grating incident from the slit area, each wavelength of the light satisfies the grating equation, and the detector 4 may receive the non-zero diffraction order light to obtain the spectrum data of the target object. For the image light emitted from the image source 5, the zero-order diffraction light corresponds to the reflected light, and the image light exits the light-transmitting plate 12 after being turned by the reflection grating and is projected to the projection medium.

The reflection grating may be a planar grating and focused into the detector 4 by an optical element such as a lens, for example. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflection grating may be a concave grating 31, and the concave grating 31 has a focused imaging characteristic in addition to a diffraction characteristic. The concave grating 31 is used to both diffract and focus light, and specifically, for the concave grating 31, referring to fig. 3, the groove surfaces of the grating are distributed on a large circle with a radius r=2r. That is, when a rowland circle with a radius r is formed by taking the line between the midpoint O of the light ellipse where the concave surface is located and the curvature center C as the diameter and taking the midpoint OC as the center, there are: the light beam emitted from any point P1 on the rowland is approximately reflected to another point P' on the circle after being diffracted by the concave grating 31, and is diffracted to other points P2, P3 on the circle, which are the focal points of diffracted light rays of each order, respectively. The diffraction angle θ and the incident angle α satisfy the relation d (sin θ±sin α) =mλ. Where d is the grating constant, m is the grating order, and λ is the diffraction wavelength. It follows that the diffraction angle θ is wavelength dependent. When a light beam of multiple color light is emitted from the point P1 and diffracted by the concave grating 31, different wavelengths will be focused on different positions on the rowland circle, and in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the detector 4 is disposed at a focusing position of the ambient light beam on the first-order diffraction light beam of the concave grating 31, for example, near the point P2, and the spectral data of the target object can be obtained by using the first-order diffraction light beam with higher energy.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the spectroscopic element 3 includes a transmissive and reflective film 321 and a transmissive spectroscopic element 3. Referring to fig. 4, for example, the transmission spectroscopic element 3 may include a transmission grating 32, a light incident surface of the transmission grating 32 is provided with a transmission reflective film 321, a light emergent surface of the transmission grating 32 is a diffraction surface 322, ambient light incident on the transmission spectroscopic element 3 is diffracted on the diffraction surface 322, and one or more groups of non-zero diffraction light are collected in the detector 4 by the correction mirror 33. The image light emitted from the image source 5 passes through the transmissive and reflective film 321 and is reflected to the outside of the head-up display device. Illustratively, the head-up display device may further include one or more image adjusting mirrors 8, where the image adjusting mirrors 8 may be convex mirrors, flat mirrors, concave mirrors, or free-form mirrors, and are used for adjusting image light and ambient light according to the overall optical path arrangement of the head-up display device and the requirement of correcting aberration.

For example, referring to fig. 4, an image adjusting mirror 8 is disposed in the housing 11, and the transmission grating 32 is adjacent to the image adjusting mirror 8, a surface of the transmission grating 32 close to the image adjusting mirror 8 is a light incident surface, and a surface of the transmission grating 32 far from the image adjusting mirror 8 is a diffraction surface 322. The detector 4 is arranged on the side of the transmission grating 32 remote from the image-conditioning mirror 8, opposite the diffraction surface 322, and the image source 5 is arranged on the side of the transmission grating 32 close to the image-conditioning mirror 8, opposite the partially reflective partially transmissive surface.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmissive spectroscopic element 3 may include a spectroscopic prism, and the transmissive and reflective film 321 is provided on the light incident side of the spectroscopic prism. For example, the transmissive/reflective film 321 is disposed between the beam splitting prism and the image adjusting mirror 8, and the ambient light is turned from the image adjusting mirror 8 to enter the transmissive/reflective film 321, and the light transmitted through the transmissive/reflective film 321 is dispersed in the beam splitting prism, and the dispersed spectrum is collected in the detector 4 by the correction mirror 33. The image light emitted from the image source 5 passes through the transmissive and reflective film 321 and is reflected to the outside of the head-up display device. In other exemplary embodiments, the transmissive spectroscopic element 3 may also include other spectroscopic structures as long as a dispersion spectrum can be generated.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 5, the spectroscopic element 3 includes a concave mirror 34 and a convex grating 35, the concave mirror 34 being disposed opposite the convex grating 35, the image source 5 being disposed opposite the convex grating 35, and the detector being disposed opposite the concave mirror 34. When the head-up display device is in operation, the zero-order diffracted light, i.e. reflected light, of the image light emitted by the image source 5 is turned by the convex grating 35 to the concave mirror 34, and the concave mirror 34 is used for reflecting the image light to the projection medium. The concave reflector 34 has a first reflection area 341 and a second reflection area 342, the ambient light is incident on the first reflection area 341 of the concave reflector 34, and the concave reflector 34 is used for reflecting the ambient light to the convex grating 35; the non-zero order diffracted light of the ambient light at the convex grating 35 is projected onto the second reflective area 342 of the concave mirror 34, and the diffracted light is received and reflected by the concave mirror 34 at the second reflective area 342 such that the diffracted light enters the detector 4.

Compared with the embodiment of light splitting by the transmission light splitting element 3, the embodiment of light splitting by reflection diffraction by the convex grating 35 can arrange the image source 5 and the detector 4 on the same side of the convex grating 35, that is, the image source 5 and the detector 4 can be arranged between the concave reflector 34 and the convex grating 35, so that the transverse dimension of the head-up display device can be shortened, and the spatial arrangement of the head-up display device is facilitated.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 6, an object point O of ambient light is reflected to the convex grating 35 by the first reflection region 341, then diffracted by the convex grating 35 to the second reflection region 342, and finally focused and imaged to an image point I by the second reflection region 342. The curvature circle of the reflective surface of the first reflective area 341, the curvature circle of the reflective surface of the second reflective area 342, and the curvature circle of the convex grating 35 have an intersection point C, the object point O and the image point I are symmetrical about the intersection point C, and the O point, the I point and the C point are in the same plane. The object point O and the image point I have good symmetry, so the aberration correction capability is strong, and the structure is simple and compact.

In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, concave mirror 34 is rotatably coupled to housing 11, and image light may be projected to the proper location of the projection medium by varying the angle of inclination of concave mirror 34 for different windshield 6 angles of inclination and different positions of eyebox 7. Illustratively, by changing the inclination angle of the concave mirror 34, the angle of the light incident on the first reflection region 341 and the angle of the light exiting from the second reflection region 342 can also be adjusted, thereby adjusting and correcting the aberration of the spectroscopic element 3.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the head-up display further includes an acquisition controller for determining the exposure time t of the camera of the detector 4 from the yaw rate ω of the vehicle and the instantaneous field angle θ _IFOV of the front telescopic lens. Specifically, for the conventional detector 4, it is generally necessary to rotationally scan an object in a view field range in cooperation with a turntable, so as to obtain complete three-dimensional stereo spectrum data of the object. In the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, since the head-up display is installed in the vehicle, the vehicle generally does not strictly travel straight during traveling, but has a certain yaw rate. Therefore, the head-up display disclosed by the invention can realize scanning of the object outside the vehicle by utilizing the swing of the vehicle instead of adopting the turntable, and each obtained image is identified, spliced and fused through a background algorithm, so that hyperspectral data of the object outside the vehicle are obtained.

The yaw angle of the vehicle refers to the yaw angle of the vehicle relative to the forward direction of the vehicle body during travel, i.e., the deflection of the vehicle about a vertical axis. The vehicle yaw angle is the included angle between the head direction and the X axis of the geodetic coordinate system, and is defined in the geodetic coordinate system, so that the vehicle yaw angle can be calculated according to the conversion of the vehicle body coordinate and the geodetic coordinate. For example, as shown with reference to FIG. 7, Wherein/>Is the longitudinal speed of the mass center,/>Is the lateral speed of the mass center,/>Is the yaw angle of the vehicle. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the acquisition controller may be communicatively connected to an electronic controller of the vehicle to obtain the vehicle yaw rate ω in real time using the vehicle inertial navigation system.

Further, the exposure time t of the camera of the detector 4 characterizes the acquisition rate of the detector 4. In the process of collecting an image of an external target by the detector 4, referring to fig. 8, in the rotation process of the detector 4, once the slit is scanned every time when the angle beta is rotated, the first scanning, the second scanning and the kth scanning of … … are sequentially completed from left to right, and the angles passed by each scanning are tangential, so that a complete spectrum image is finally obtained. Referring to fig. 9 to 11, the matching relationship between the exposure time and the rotational speed of the detector 4 will affect the accuracy of the acquired spectral image. Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a spectral image when the rotational speed of the detector 4 matches the exposure time; fig. 10 shows a schematic view of a spectral image when the rotational speed of the detector 4 is too slow; fig. 11 shows a schematic of a spectral image when the rotational speed of the detector 4 is too high. When the rotation speed of the detector 4 is too slow, the exposure time of each scanning is fixed, and the number of times of single imaging scanning is more, so that the image is transversely stretched; when the rotational speed of the detector 4 is too high, the number of single imaging scans is smaller, resulting in lateral compression of the image.

The angle of view of the target object may change during travel of the vehicle, for example, the angle of view may become larger during travel of the vehicle from far to near for stationary objects outside the vehicle. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the acquisition controller may calculate the instantaneous field angle θ _IFOV of the front telescope lens with respect to the target object according to the speed and acceleration state of the vehicle, and determine the exposure time t of the camera of the detector 4 in combination with the yaw rate ω of the vehicle, specifically ω=θ _IFOV/t, so as to adjust the exposure time t at any time, so that the exposure time matches the rotational speed of the detector 4 on the vehicle with respect to the external object.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when the vehicle yaw rate ω is too small, the need for rotational scanning of the detector 4 may be satisfied by human intervention, such as a slight turning of the steering wheel. For example, the acquisition controller is further used for sending an intervention command to the whole vehicle electronic controller when the yaw rate omega of the vehicle is smaller than a preset value omega ₀, and is used for improving the yaw rates omega to omega-omega ₀ of the vehicle. The acquisition controller can be an independent controller arranged in the shell of the head-up display device, or can be a module integrated in the whole vehicle electronic controller.

Illustratively, the yaw angle is typically between 10 ° and 15 ° when the vehicle is traveling at high speed; when the vehicle turns suddenly, the yaw angle is usually between 15 and 30 degrees according to the turning radius, the turning speed, the vehicle suspension system and other factors; the yaw angle is generally between 10 ° and 20 ° when the vehicle runs on a wet road surface, for example, the road adhesion coefficient is low, and the yaw angle is generally within 10 ° when the vehicle runs on a normal road. According to different usage scenarios, the exposure time t of the camera of the detector 4 may be determined from the yaw rate ω of the vehicle. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the detector 4 is configured to obtain hyperspectral data corresponding to an external environmental target, so that in order to ensure sufficient calculation force required for obtaining the hyperspectral data and have strong real-time performance, a total rotation angle required to be photographed by a camera of the detector 4 can be determined according to a preset yaw angle range of a vehicle, so that when the vehicle is running normally, the rotation scanning of the detector 4 can be realized by using the swing of the vehicle without manual intervention.

In the head-up display device of the related art, the head-up display device has only a transmitting function, and a driver receives and distinguishes all of the information outside the vehicle and the information projected by the head-up display device, so that mental fatigue is easily caused, and the head-up display device is easily influenced by subjective emotion and concentration degree of attention of the driver. In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to fig. 12, the driving circuit board is further in communication connection with the detector, after the detector 4 receives the spectrum information of the external environment target, the information can be identified and screened to determine the type, volume and other information of the target object, if the target object is an object that needs to be alert by the driver, for example, falling stone or road surface collapse, the driving circuit board can obtain the display information corresponding to the relevant information of the target object and send the display information to the image source 5, so that the image source 5 can display the information to be noticed in a projection manner, thereby improving the intelligence degree of the head-up display device, enriching the content of the display information of the head-up display device, displaying the simplest and clear information to the driver, and improving the driving experience.

Further, in some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the heads-up display device may transmit information of the identified target object to the windshield 6 through the image source 5 and be superimposed on top of the target object; or directly emits a hyperspectral image of the identified target object to the windscreen 6 and superimposes it on it to assist the driver in determining the condition of the vehicle exterior environment. The driving circuit board is in communication connection with an electronic controller of the vehicle, and the electronic controller or the driving circuit board can determine the position of the target object according to the information such as the speed and the acceleration of the vehicle and the spectrum information received by the detector 4. The driving circuit board can generate corresponding display information according to the position of the target object, and after the image source 5 receives the display information, the position and angle of the image light can be adjusted, so that the image light reflected by the windshield glass 6 and entering the human eye overlaps with the environment light entering the human eye by the windshield glass 6, and the effect that the relevant prompt information of the target object or the virtual image of the hyperspectral image of the target object is fused with the real scene of the target object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the electronic controller or the driving circuit board can also accurately identify and position the target object by combining information detected by the vehicle-mounted laser radar and the millimeter wave radar.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following the general principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A head-up display device, comprising:

The shell comprises a shell body and a light-transmitting plate buckled on the shell body;

the light guide-in assembly is arranged outside the shell and comprises a front telescope lens;

the image source is arranged in the shell and is used for generating and transmitting image light rays;

The light splitting element is arranged in the shell, the light guide component is used for conducting the ambient light entering the front telescope lens to the light-transmitting plate so that the ambient light enters the light splitting element through the light-transmitting plate, and the light splitting element is used for dispersing the multi-color light entering the light splitting element so as to form spectrums with different wavelengths; the light splitting element is further used for turning the image light emitted by the image source to the inner surface of the light-transmitting plate so that the image light is transmitted through the light-transmitting plate to enter a projection medium;

and the detector is arranged in the shell and is used for receiving the spectrum.

2. The head-up display device of claim 1, wherein the light-transmissive plate has a slit region and a non-imaging region outside the slit region, the non-imaging region blocking light of a first wavelength band, the slit region transmitting light of the first wavelength band such that the ambient light is incident on the light-splitting element through the slit region; wherein the ambient light is imaged at the slit region to form a virtual object plane.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 2, wherein a first polarization reflecting film is provided on an outer surface of the non-imaging region of the light-transmitting plate, a polarization direction of the first polarization reflecting film is identical to a polarization direction of the image light, the ambient light is incident on the light-transmitting plate from a light-passing region of a windshield, the front telescope head is provided in the light-passing region, the ambient light enters the front telescope head from a light collecting region within the light-passing region, a second polarization reflecting film is provided in the light-passing region outside the light-collecting region, and a polarization direction of the second polarization reflecting film is opposite to that of the first polarization reflecting film;

The first polarization reflecting film is provided with a notch to form the slit area, the slit area is provided with an antireflection film, and the antireflection film is used for transmitting light rays of the first wave band.

4. The heads-up display device of claim 2 wherein the image light is in a visible light band and the first band is non-coincident with the visible light band.

5. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein,

The light splitting element comprises a reflection grating, and the light splitting element is used for enabling the ambient light to enter the detector at one or more groups of non-zero diffraction light of the reflection grating;

The reflection grating is also used for enabling the image light to emit to the projection medium at the zero-order diffraction light of the reflection grating.

6. The head-up display device of claim 5, wherein the reflective grating is a concave grating and the detector is positioned at a focus position of the ambient light at a first order diffraction of the concave grating.

7. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the light-splitting element includes a transmissive-reflective film and a transmissive-light-splitting element, wherein the transmissive-reflective film is provided on an incident side of the transmissive-light-splitting element, the transmissive-reflective film is configured to reflect the image light emitted from the image source, and the transmissive-reflective film is further configured to allow the ambient light to pass through the transmissive-reflective film and enter the transmissive-light-splitting element;

the transmission light splitting element is configured to split the ambient light to form the spectrum into the detector.

8. The heads-up display device of claim 7 wherein the transmissive light splitting element comprises a transmissive grating for causing the ambient light to enter the detector at one or more sets of non-zero orders of diffracted light of the transmissive grating; or, the transmission beam splitting element includes a beam splitting prism, and the beam splitting prism is used for enabling the ambient light to enter the detector after being dispersed.

9. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spectroscopic element comprises a concave mirror disposed opposite the convex grating, the image source disposed opposite the convex grating, and the detector disposed opposite the concave mirror;

The convex grating is used for turning the image light rays emitted by the image source to the concave reflecting mirror, and the concave reflecting mirror is used for reflecting the image light rays to the projection medium;

the concave mirror has a first reflective region and a second reflective region, the concave mirror further configured to:

and reflecting the ambient light to the convex grating in the first reflecting area, and receiving and reflecting one or more groups of non-zero diffraction orders of the ambient light in the second reflecting area so as to enable the diffraction orders to enter the detector.

10. The head-up display device of claim 9, wherein the display device further comprises a display unit,

The object point O of the ambient light is reflected to the convex grating through the first reflection area, then diffracted to the second reflection area through the convex grating, and finally focused and imaged to an image point I through the second reflection area;

The curvature circle of the reflecting surface of the first reflecting area, the curvature circle of the reflecting surface of the second reflecting area and the curvature circle of the convex grating are provided with an intersection point C, the object point O and the image point I are symmetrical about the intersection point C, and the point O, the point I and the point C are in the same plane.

11. The heads-up display device of claim 1 including an acquisition controller for determining an exposure time t of a camera of the detector from a yaw rate ω of a carrier on which the heads-up display device is mounted and an instantaneous field angle θ _IFOV of the head-telescope head, wherein ω = θ _IFOV/t.

12. The head-up display device according to claim 11, wherein the acquisition controller is further configured to send an intervention command for increasing the yaw rate ω of the carrier to ω Σ0 when the yaw rate ω of the carrier is smaller than a preset value ω0.

13. The head-up display device of claim 1, wherein the image source is configured to generate and emit image light corresponding to display information corresponding to the spectrum received by the detector.

14. The head-up display device of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises a display device,

The head-up display device comprises a driving circuit board connected with the image source, the driving circuit board is also in communication connection with the detector, and the driving circuit board is also used for acquiring display information corresponding to the spectrum according to the spectrum received by the detector and sending the display information to the image source so that the image source generates and emits image light corresponding to the spectrum.

15. The heads-up display device of claim 14 wherein the drive circuit board is communicatively coupled to an electronic controller of a carrier on which the heads-up display device is mounted, the electronic controller or the drive circuit board being configured to determine a location of an object corresponding to the ambient light based on a speed of the carrier and the spectrum received by the detector, the drive circuit board being configured to generate the display information corresponding to the spectrum based on the location of the object, and to transmit the display information to the image source;

after the image source emits the image light corresponding to the spectrum to the projection medium, the image light reflected by the projection medium overlaps with the ambient light.